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1# Copyright 2016 Google LLC 

2# 

3# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 

4# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 

5# You may obtain a copy of the License at 

6# 

7# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 

8# 

9# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 

10# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 

11# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 

12# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 

13# limitations under the License. 

14 

15"""Service Accounts: JSON Web Token (JWT) Profile for OAuth 2.0 

16 

17This module implements the JWT Profile for OAuth 2.0 Authorization Grants 

18as defined by `RFC 7523`_ with particular support for how this RFC is 

19implemented in Google's infrastructure. Google refers to these credentials 

20as *Service Accounts*. 

21 

22Service accounts are used for server-to-server communication, such as 

23interactions between a web application server and a Google service. The 

24service account belongs to your application instead of to an individual end 

25user. In contrast to other OAuth 2.0 profiles, no users are involved and your 

26application "acts" as the service account. 

27 

28Typically an application uses a service account when the application uses 

29Google APIs to work with its own data rather than a user's data. For example, 

30an application that uses Google Cloud Datastore for data persistence would use 

31a service account to authenticate its calls to the Google Cloud Datastore API. 

32However, an application that needs to access a user's Drive documents would 

33use the normal OAuth 2.0 profile. 

34 

35Additionally, Google Apps domain administrators can grant service accounts 

36`domain-wide delegation`_ authority to access user data on behalf of users in 

37the domain. 

38 

39This profile uses a JWT to acquire an OAuth 2.0 access token. The JWT is used 

40in place of the usual authorization token returned during the standard 

41OAuth 2.0 Authorization Code grant. The JWT is only used for this purpose, as 

42the acquired access token is used as the bearer token when making requests 

43using these credentials. 

44 

45This profile differs from normal OAuth 2.0 profile because no user consent 

46step is required. The use of the private key allows this profile to assert 

47identity directly. 

48 

49This profile also differs from the :mod:`google.auth.jwt` authentication 

50because the JWT credentials use the JWT directly as the bearer token. This 

51profile instead only uses the JWT to obtain an OAuth 2.0 access token. The 

52obtained OAuth 2.0 access token is used as the bearer token. 

53 

54Domain-wide delegation 

55---------------------- 

56 

57Domain-wide delegation allows a service account to access user data on 

58behalf of any user in a Google Apps domain without consent from the user. 

59For example, an application that uses the Google Calendar API to add events to 

60the calendars of all users in a Google Apps domain would use a service account 

61to access the Google Calendar API on behalf of users. 

62 

63The Google Apps administrator must explicitly authorize the service account to 

64do this. This authorization step is referred to as "delegating domain-wide 

65authority" to a service account. 

66 

67You can use domain-wise delegation by creating a set of credentials with a 

68specific subject using :meth:`~Credentials.with_subject`. 

69 

70.. _RFC 7523: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7523 

71""" 

72 

73import copy 

74import datetime 

75 

76from google.auth import _helpers 

77from google.auth import _service_account_info 

78from google.auth import credentials 

79from google.auth import exceptions 

80from google.auth import jwt 

81from google.auth import metrics 

82from google.oauth2 import _client 

83 

84_DEFAULT_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS = 3600 # 1 hour in seconds 

85_DEFAULT_UNIVERSE_DOMAIN = "googleapis.com" 

86_GOOGLE_OAUTH2_TOKEN_ENDPOINT = "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token" 

87 

88 

89class Credentials( 

90 credentials.Signing, 

91 credentials.Scoped, 

92 credentials.CredentialsWithQuotaProject, 

93 credentials.CredentialsWithTokenUri, 

94): 

95 """Service account credentials 

96 

97 Usually, you'll create these credentials with one of the helper 

98 constructors. To create credentials using a Google service account 

99 private key JSON file:: 

100 

101 credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file( 

102 'service-account.json') 

103 

104 Or if you already have the service account file loaded:: 

105 

106 service_account_info = json.load(open('service_account.json')) 

107 credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_info( 

108 service_account_info) 

109 

110 Both helper methods pass on arguments to the constructor, so you can 

111 specify additional scopes and a subject if necessary:: 

112 

113 credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file( 

114 'service-account.json', 

115 scopes=['email'], 

116 subject='user@example.com') 

117 

118 The credentials are considered immutable. If you want to modify the scopes 

119 or the subject used for delegation, use :meth:`with_scopes` or 

120 :meth:`with_subject`:: 

121 

122 scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(['email']) 

123 delegated_credentials = credentials.with_subject(subject) 

124 

125 To add a quota project, use :meth:`with_quota_project`:: 

126 

127 credentials = credentials.with_quota_project('myproject-123') 

128 """ 

129 

130 def __init__( 

131 self, 

132 signer, 

133 service_account_email, 

134 token_uri, 

135 scopes=None, 

136 default_scopes=None, 

137 subject=None, 

138 project_id=None, 

139 quota_project_id=None, 

140 additional_claims=None, 

141 always_use_jwt_access=False, 

142 universe_domain=_DEFAULT_UNIVERSE_DOMAIN, 

143 trust_boundary=None, 

144 ): 

145 """ 

146 Args: 

147 signer (google.auth.crypt.Signer): The signer used to sign JWTs. 

148 service_account_email (str): The service account's email. 

149 scopes (Sequence[str]): User-defined scopes to request during the 

150 authorization grant. 

151 default_scopes (Sequence[str]): Default scopes passed by a 

152 Google client library. Use 'scopes' for user-defined scopes. 

153 token_uri (str): The OAuth 2.0 Token URI. 

154 subject (str): For domain-wide delegation, the email address of the 

155 user to for which to request delegated access. 

156 project_id (str): Project ID associated with the service account 

157 credential. 

158 quota_project_id (Optional[str]): The project ID used for quota and 

159 billing. 

160 additional_claims (Mapping[str, str]): Any additional claims for 

161 the JWT assertion used in the authorization grant. 

162 always_use_jwt_access (Optional[bool]): Whether self signed JWT should 

163 be always used. 

164 universe_domain (str): The universe domain. The default 

165 universe domain is googleapis.com. For default value self 

166 signed jwt is used for token refresh. 

167 trust_boundary (str): String representation of trust boundary meta. 

168 

169 .. note:: Typically one of the helper constructors 

170 :meth:`from_service_account_file` or 

171 :meth:`from_service_account_info` are used instead of calling the 

172 constructor directly. 

173 """ 

174 super(Credentials, self).__init__() 

175 

176 self._scopes = scopes 

177 self._default_scopes = default_scopes 

178 self._signer = signer 

179 self._service_account_email = service_account_email 

180 self._subject = subject 

181 self._project_id = project_id 

182 self._quota_project_id = quota_project_id 

183 self._token_uri = token_uri 

184 self._always_use_jwt_access = always_use_jwt_access 

185 self._universe_domain = universe_domain or _DEFAULT_UNIVERSE_DOMAIN 

186 

187 if universe_domain != _DEFAULT_UNIVERSE_DOMAIN: 

188 self._always_use_jwt_access = True 

189 

190 self._jwt_credentials = None 

191 

192 if additional_claims is not None: 

193 self._additional_claims = additional_claims 

194 else: 

195 self._additional_claims = {} 

196 self._trust_boundary = {"locations": [], "encoded_locations": "0x0"} 

197 

198 @classmethod 

199 def _from_signer_and_info(cls, signer, info, **kwargs): 

200 """Creates a Credentials instance from a signer and service account 

201 info. 

202 

203 Args: 

204 signer (google.auth.crypt.Signer): The signer used to sign JWTs. 

205 info (Mapping[str, str]): The service account info. 

206 kwargs: Additional arguments to pass to the constructor. 

207 

208 Returns: 

209 google.auth.jwt.Credentials: The constructed credentials. 

210 

211 Raises: 

212 ValueError: If the info is not in the expected format. 

213 """ 

214 return cls( 

215 signer, 

216 service_account_email=info["client_email"], 

217 token_uri=info["token_uri"], 

218 project_id=info.get("project_id"), 

219 universe_domain=info.get("universe_domain", _DEFAULT_UNIVERSE_DOMAIN), 

220 trust_boundary=info.get("trust_boundary"), 

221 **kwargs 

222 ) 

223 

224 @classmethod 

225 def from_service_account_info(cls, info, **kwargs): 

226 """Creates a Credentials instance from parsed service account info. 

227 

228 Args: 

229 info (Mapping[str, str]): The service account info in Google 

230 format. 

231 kwargs: Additional arguments to pass to the constructor. 

232 

233 Returns: 

234 google.auth.service_account.Credentials: The constructed 

235 credentials. 

236 

237 Raises: 

238 ValueError: If the info is not in the expected format. 

239 """ 

240 signer = _service_account_info.from_dict( 

241 info, require=["client_email", "token_uri"] 

242 ) 

243 return cls._from_signer_and_info(signer, info, **kwargs) 

244 

245 @classmethod 

246 def from_service_account_file(cls, filename, **kwargs): 

247 """Creates a Credentials instance from a service account json file. 

248 

249 Args: 

250 filename (str): The path to the service account json file. 

251 kwargs: Additional arguments to pass to the constructor. 

252 

253 Returns: 

254 google.auth.service_account.Credentials: The constructed 

255 credentials. 

256 """ 

257 info, signer = _service_account_info.from_filename( 

258 filename, require=["client_email", "token_uri"] 

259 ) 

260 return cls._from_signer_and_info(signer, info, **kwargs) 

261 

262 @property 

263 def service_account_email(self): 

264 """The service account email.""" 

265 return self._service_account_email 

266 

267 @property 

268 def project_id(self): 

269 """Project ID associated with this credential.""" 

270 return self._project_id 

271 

272 @property 

273 def requires_scopes(self): 

274 """Checks if the credentials requires scopes. 

275 

276 Returns: 

277 bool: True if there are no scopes set otherwise False. 

278 """ 

279 return True if not self._scopes else False 

280 

281 def _make_copy(self): 

282 cred = self.__class__( 

283 self._signer, 

284 service_account_email=self._service_account_email, 

285 scopes=copy.copy(self._scopes), 

286 default_scopes=copy.copy(self._default_scopes), 

287 token_uri=self._token_uri, 

288 subject=self._subject, 

289 project_id=self._project_id, 

290 quota_project_id=self._quota_project_id, 

291 additional_claims=self._additional_claims.copy(), 

292 always_use_jwt_access=self._always_use_jwt_access, 

293 universe_domain=self._universe_domain, 

294 ) 

295 return cred 

296 

297 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.Scoped) 

298 def with_scopes(self, scopes, default_scopes=None): 

299 cred = self._make_copy() 

300 cred._scopes = scopes 

301 cred._default_scopes = default_scopes 

302 return cred 

303 

304 def with_always_use_jwt_access(self, always_use_jwt_access): 

305 """Create a copy of these credentials with the specified always_use_jwt_access value. 

306 

307 Args: 

308 always_use_jwt_access (bool): Whether always use self signed JWT or not. 

309 

310 Returns: 

311 google.auth.service_account.Credentials: A new credentials 

312 instance. 

313 Raises: 

314 google.auth.exceptions.InvalidValue: If the universe domain is not 

315 default and always_use_jwt_access is False. 

316 """ 

317 cred = self._make_copy() 

318 if ( 

319 cred._universe_domain != _DEFAULT_UNIVERSE_DOMAIN 

320 and not always_use_jwt_access 

321 ): 

322 raise exceptions.InvalidValue( 

323 "always_use_jwt_access should be True for non-default universe domain" 

324 ) 

325 cred._always_use_jwt_access = always_use_jwt_access 

326 return cred 

327 

328 def with_universe_domain(self, universe_domain): 

329 """Create a copy of these credentials with the given universe domain. 

330 

331 Args: 

332 universe_domain (str): The universe domain value. 

333 

334 Returns: 

335 google.auth.service_account.Credentials: A new credentials 

336 instance. 

337 """ 

338 cred = self._make_copy() 

339 cred._universe_domain = universe_domain 

340 if universe_domain != _DEFAULT_UNIVERSE_DOMAIN: 

341 cred._always_use_jwt_access = True 

342 return cred 

343 

344 def with_subject(self, subject): 

345 """Create a copy of these credentials with the specified subject. 

346 

347 Args: 

348 subject (str): The subject claim. 

349 

350 Returns: 

351 google.auth.service_account.Credentials: A new credentials 

352 instance. 

353 """ 

354 cred = self._make_copy() 

355 cred._subject = subject 

356 return cred 

357 

358 def with_claims(self, additional_claims): 

359 """Returns a copy of these credentials with modified claims. 

360 

361 Args: 

362 additional_claims (Mapping[str, str]): Any additional claims for 

363 the JWT payload. This will be merged with the current 

364 additional claims. 

365 

366 Returns: 

367 google.auth.service_account.Credentials: A new credentials 

368 instance. 

369 """ 

370 new_additional_claims = copy.deepcopy(self._additional_claims) 

371 new_additional_claims.update(additional_claims or {}) 

372 cred = self._make_copy() 

373 cred._additional_claims = new_additional_claims 

374 return cred 

375 

376 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.CredentialsWithQuotaProject) 

377 def with_quota_project(self, quota_project_id): 

378 cred = self._make_copy() 

379 cred._quota_project_id = quota_project_id 

380 return cred 

381 

382 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.CredentialsWithTokenUri) 

383 def with_token_uri(self, token_uri): 

384 cred = self._make_copy() 

385 cred._token_uri = token_uri 

386 return cred 

387 

388 def _make_authorization_grant_assertion(self): 

389 """Create the OAuth 2.0 assertion. 

390 

391 This assertion is used during the OAuth 2.0 grant to acquire an 

392 access token. 

393 

394 Returns: 

395 bytes: The authorization grant assertion. 

396 """ 

397 now = _helpers.utcnow() 

398 lifetime = datetime.timedelta(seconds=_DEFAULT_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS) 

399 expiry = now + lifetime 

400 

401 payload = { 

402 "iat": _helpers.datetime_to_secs(now), 

403 "exp": _helpers.datetime_to_secs(expiry), 

404 # The issuer must be the service account email. 

405 "iss": self._service_account_email, 

406 # The audience must be the auth token endpoint's URI 

407 "aud": _GOOGLE_OAUTH2_TOKEN_ENDPOINT, 

408 "scope": _helpers.scopes_to_string(self._scopes or ()), 

409 } 

410 

411 payload.update(self._additional_claims) 

412 

413 # The subject can be a user email for domain-wide delegation. 

414 if self._subject: 

415 payload.setdefault("sub", self._subject) 

416 

417 token = jwt.encode(self._signer, payload) 

418 

419 return token 

420 

421 def _use_self_signed_jwt(self): 

422 # Since domain wide delegation doesn't work with self signed JWT. If 

423 # subject exists, then we should not use self signed JWT. 

424 return self._subject is None and self._jwt_credentials is not None 

425 

426 def _metric_header_for_usage(self): 

427 if self._use_self_signed_jwt(): 

428 return metrics.CRED_TYPE_SA_JWT 

429 return metrics.CRED_TYPE_SA_ASSERTION 

430 

431 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.Credentials) 

432 def refresh(self, request): 

433 if self._always_use_jwt_access and not self._jwt_credentials: 

434 # If self signed jwt should be used but jwt credential is not 

435 # created, try to create one with scopes 

436 self._create_self_signed_jwt(None) 

437 

438 if self._universe_domain != _DEFAULT_UNIVERSE_DOMAIN and self._subject: 

439 raise exceptions.RefreshError( 

440 "domain wide delegation is not supported for non-default universe domain" 

441 ) 

442 

443 if self._use_self_signed_jwt(): 

444 self._jwt_credentials.refresh(request) 

445 self.token = self._jwt_credentials.token.decode() 

446 self.expiry = self._jwt_credentials.expiry 

447 else: 

448 assertion = self._make_authorization_grant_assertion() 

449 access_token, expiry, _ = _client.jwt_grant( 

450 request, self._token_uri, assertion 

451 ) 

452 self.token = access_token 

453 self.expiry = expiry 

454 

455 def _create_self_signed_jwt(self, audience): 

456 """Create a self-signed JWT from the credentials if requirements are met. 

457 

458 Args: 

459 audience (str): The service URL. ``https://[API_ENDPOINT]/`` 

460 """ 

461 # https://google.aip.dev/auth/4111 

462 if self._always_use_jwt_access: 

463 if self._scopes: 

464 additional_claims = {"scope": " ".join(self._scopes)} 

465 if ( 

466 self._jwt_credentials is None 

467 or self._jwt_credentials.additional_claims != additional_claims 

468 ): 

469 self._jwt_credentials = jwt.Credentials.from_signing_credentials( 

470 self, None, additional_claims=additional_claims 

471 ) 

472 elif audience: 

473 if ( 

474 self._jwt_credentials is None 

475 or self._jwt_credentials._audience != audience 

476 ): 

477 

478 self._jwt_credentials = jwt.Credentials.from_signing_credentials( 

479 self, audience 

480 ) 

481 elif self._default_scopes: 

482 additional_claims = {"scope": " ".join(self._default_scopes)} 

483 if ( 

484 self._jwt_credentials is None 

485 or additional_claims != self._jwt_credentials.additional_claims 

486 ): 

487 self._jwt_credentials = jwt.Credentials.from_signing_credentials( 

488 self, None, additional_claims=additional_claims 

489 ) 

490 elif not self._scopes and audience: 

491 self._jwt_credentials = jwt.Credentials.from_signing_credentials( 

492 self, audience 

493 ) 

494 

495 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.Signing) 

496 def sign_bytes(self, message): 

497 return self._signer.sign(message) 

498 

499 @property # type: ignore 

500 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.Signing) 

501 def signer(self): 

502 return self._signer 

503 

504 @property # type: ignore 

505 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.Signing) 

506 def signer_email(self): 

507 return self._service_account_email 

508 

509 

510class IDTokenCredentials( 

511 credentials.Signing, 

512 credentials.CredentialsWithQuotaProject, 

513 credentials.CredentialsWithTokenUri, 

514): 

515 """Open ID Connect ID Token-based service account credentials. 

516 

517 These credentials are largely similar to :class:`.Credentials`, but instead 

518 of using an OAuth 2.0 Access Token as the bearer token, they use an Open 

519 ID Connect ID Token as the bearer token. These credentials are useful when 

520 communicating to services that require ID Tokens and can not accept access 

521 tokens. 

522 

523 Usually, you'll create these credentials with one of the helper 

524 constructors. To create credentials using a Google service account 

525 private key JSON file:: 

526 

527 credentials = ( 

528 service_account.IDTokenCredentials.from_service_account_file( 

529 'service-account.json')) 

530 

531 

532 Or if you already have the service account file loaded:: 

533 

534 service_account_info = json.load(open('service_account.json')) 

535 credentials = ( 

536 service_account.IDTokenCredentials.from_service_account_info( 

537 service_account_info)) 

538 

539 

540 Both helper methods pass on arguments to the constructor, so you can 

541 specify additional scopes and a subject if necessary:: 

542 

543 credentials = ( 

544 service_account.IDTokenCredentials.from_service_account_file( 

545 'service-account.json', 

546 scopes=['email'], 

547 subject='user@example.com')) 

548 

549 

550 The credentials are considered immutable. If you want to modify the scopes 

551 or the subject used for delegation, use :meth:`with_scopes` or 

552 :meth:`with_subject`:: 

553 

554 scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(['email']) 

555 delegated_credentials = credentials.with_subject(subject) 

556 

557 """ 

558 

559 def __init__( 

560 self, 

561 signer, 

562 service_account_email, 

563 token_uri, 

564 target_audience, 

565 additional_claims=None, 

566 quota_project_id=None, 

567 universe_domain=_DEFAULT_UNIVERSE_DOMAIN, 

568 ): 

569 """ 

570 Args: 

571 signer (google.auth.crypt.Signer): The signer used to sign JWTs. 

572 service_account_email (str): The service account's email. 

573 token_uri (str): The OAuth 2.0 Token URI. 

574 target_audience (str): The intended audience for these credentials, 

575 used when requesting the ID Token. The ID Token's ``aud`` claim 

576 will be set to this string. 

577 additional_claims (Mapping[str, str]): Any additional claims for 

578 the JWT assertion used in the authorization grant. 

579 quota_project_id (Optional[str]): The project ID used for quota and billing. 

580 universe_domain (str): The universe domain. The default 

581 universe domain is googleapis.com. For default value IAM ID 

582 token endponint is used for token refresh. Note that 

583 iam.serviceAccountTokenCreator role is required to use the IAM 

584 endpoint. 

585 .. note:: Typically one of the helper constructors 

586 :meth:`from_service_account_file` or 

587 :meth:`from_service_account_info` are used instead of calling the 

588 constructor directly. 

589 """ 

590 super(IDTokenCredentials, self).__init__() 

591 self._signer = signer 

592 self._service_account_email = service_account_email 

593 self._token_uri = token_uri 

594 self._target_audience = target_audience 

595 self._quota_project_id = quota_project_id 

596 self._use_iam_endpoint = False 

597 

598 if not universe_domain: 

599 self._universe_domain = _DEFAULT_UNIVERSE_DOMAIN 

600 else: 

601 self._universe_domain = universe_domain 

602 

603 if universe_domain != _DEFAULT_UNIVERSE_DOMAIN: 

604 self._use_iam_endpoint = True 

605 

606 if additional_claims is not None: 

607 self._additional_claims = additional_claims 

608 else: 

609 self._additional_claims = {} 

610 

611 @classmethod 

612 def _from_signer_and_info(cls, signer, info, **kwargs): 

613 """Creates a credentials instance from a signer and service account 

614 info. 

615 

616 Args: 

617 signer (google.auth.crypt.Signer): The signer used to sign JWTs. 

618 info (Mapping[str, str]): The service account info. 

619 kwargs: Additional arguments to pass to the constructor. 

620 

621 Returns: 

622 google.auth.jwt.IDTokenCredentials: The constructed credentials. 

623 

624 Raises: 

625 ValueError: If the info is not in the expected format. 

626 """ 

627 kwargs.setdefault("service_account_email", info["client_email"]) 

628 kwargs.setdefault("token_uri", info["token_uri"]) 

629 if "universe_domain" in info: 

630 kwargs["universe_domain"] = info["universe_domain"] 

631 return cls(signer, **kwargs) 

632 

633 @classmethod 

634 def from_service_account_info(cls, info, **kwargs): 

635 """Creates a credentials instance from parsed service account info. 

636 

637 Args: 

638 info (Mapping[str, str]): The service account info in Google 

639 format. 

640 kwargs: Additional arguments to pass to the constructor. 

641 

642 Returns: 

643 google.auth.service_account.IDTokenCredentials: The constructed 

644 credentials. 

645 

646 Raises: 

647 ValueError: If the info is not in the expected format. 

648 """ 

649 signer = _service_account_info.from_dict( 

650 info, require=["client_email", "token_uri"] 

651 ) 

652 return cls._from_signer_and_info(signer, info, **kwargs) 

653 

654 @classmethod 

655 def from_service_account_file(cls, filename, **kwargs): 

656 """Creates a credentials instance from a service account json file. 

657 

658 Args: 

659 filename (str): The path to the service account json file. 

660 kwargs: Additional arguments to pass to the constructor. 

661 

662 Returns: 

663 google.auth.service_account.IDTokenCredentials: The constructed 

664 credentials. 

665 """ 

666 info, signer = _service_account_info.from_filename( 

667 filename, require=["client_email", "token_uri"] 

668 ) 

669 return cls._from_signer_and_info(signer, info, **kwargs) 

670 

671 def _make_copy(self): 

672 cred = self.__class__( 

673 self._signer, 

674 service_account_email=self._service_account_email, 

675 token_uri=self._token_uri, 

676 target_audience=self._target_audience, 

677 additional_claims=self._additional_claims.copy(), 

678 quota_project_id=self.quota_project_id, 

679 universe_domain=self._universe_domain, 

680 ) 

681 # _use_iam_endpoint is not exposed in the constructor 

682 cred._use_iam_endpoint = self._use_iam_endpoint 

683 return cred 

684 

685 def with_target_audience(self, target_audience): 

686 """Create a copy of these credentials with the specified target 

687 audience. 

688 

689 Args: 

690 target_audience (str): The intended audience for these credentials, 

691 used when requesting the ID Token. 

692 

693 Returns: 

694 google.auth.service_account.IDTokenCredentials: A new credentials 

695 instance. 

696 """ 

697 cred = self._make_copy() 

698 cred._target_audience = target_audience 

699 return cred 

700 

701 def _with_use_iam_endpoint(self, use_iam_endpoint): 

702 """Create a copy of these credentials with the use_iam_endpoint value. 

703 

704 Args: 

705 use_iam_endpoint (bool): If True, IAM generateIdToken endpoint will 

706 be used instead of the token_uri. Note that 

707 iam.serviceAccountTokenCreator role is required to use the IAM 

708 endpoint. The default value is False. This feature is currently 

709 experimental and subject to change without notice. 

710 

711 Returns: 

712 google.auth.service_account.IDTokenCredentials: A new credentials 

713 instance. 

714 Raises: 

715 google.auth.exceptions.InvalidValue: If the universe domain is not 

716 default and use_iam_endpoint is False. 

717 """ 

718 cred = self._make_copy() 

719 if cred._universe_domain != _DEFAULT_UNIVERSE_DOMAIN and not use_iam_endpoint: 

720 raise exceptions.InvalidValue( 

721 "use_iam_endpoint should be True for non-default universe domain" 

722 ) 

723 cred._use_iam_endpoint = use_iam_endpoint 

724 return cred 

725 

726 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.CredentialsWithQuotaProject) 

727 def with_quota_project(self, quota_project_id): 

728 cred = self._make_copy() 

729 cred._quota_project_id = quota_project_id 

730 return cred 

731 

732 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.CredentialsWithTokenUri) 

733 def with_token_uri(self, token_uri): 

734 cred = self._make_copy() 

735 cred._token_uri = token_uri 

736 return cred 

737 

738 def _make_authorization_grant_assertion(self): 

739 """Create the OAuth 2.0 assertion. 

740 

741 This assertion is used during the OAuth 2.0 grant to acquire an 

742 ID token. 

743 

744 Returns: 

745 bytes: The authorization grant assertion. 

746 """ 

747 now = _helpers.utcnow() 

748 lifetime = datetime.timedelta(seconds=_DEFAULT_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS) 

749 expiry = now + lifetime 

750 

751 payload = { 

752 "iat": _helpers.datetime_to_secs(now), 

753 "exp": _helpers.datetime_to_secs(expiry), 

754 # The issuer must be the service account email. 

755 "iss": self.service_account_email, 

756 # The audience must be the auth token endpoint's URI 

757 "aud": _GOOGLE_OAUTH2_TOKEN_ENDPOINT, 

758 # The target audience specifies which service the ID token is 

759 # intended for. 

760 "target_audience": self._target_audience, 

761 } 

762 

763 payload.update(self._additional_claims) 

764 

765 token = jwt.encode(self._signer, payload) 

766 

767 return token 

768 

769 def _refresh_with_iam_endpoint(self, request): 

770 """Use IAM generateIdToken endpoint to obtain an ID token. 

771 

772 It works as follows: 

773 

774 1. First we create a self signed jwt with 

775 https://www.googleapis.com/auth/iam being the scope. 

776 

777 2. Next we use the self signed jwt as the access token, and make a POST 

778 request to IAM generateIdToken endpoint. The request body is: 

779 { 

780 "audience": self._target_audience, 

781 "includeEmail": "true", 

782 "useEmailAzp": "true", 

783 } 

784 

785 If the request is succesfully, it will return {"token":"the ID token"}, 

786 and we can extract the ID token and compute its expiry. 

787 """ 

788 jwt_credentials = jwt.Credentials.from_signing_credentials( 

789 self, 

790 None, 

791 additional_claims={"scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/iam"}, 

792 ) 

793 jwt_credentials.refresh(request) 

794 self.token, self.expiry = _client.call_iam_generate_id_token_endpoint( 

795 request, 

796 self.signer_email, 

797 self._target_audience, 

798 jwt_credentials.token.decode(), 

799 ) 

800 

801 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.Credentials) 

802 def refresh(self, request): 

803 if self._use_iam_endpoint: 

804 self._refresh_with_iam_endpoint(request) 

805 else: 

806 assertion = self._make_authorization_grant_assertion() 

807 access_token, expiry, _ = _client.id_token_jwt_grant( 

808 request, self._token_uri, assertion 

809 ) 

810 self.token = access_token 

811 self.expiry = expiry 

812 

813 @property 

814 def service_account_email(self): 

815 """The service account email.""" 

816 return self._service_account_email 

817 

818 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.Signing) 

819 def sign_bytes(self, message): 

820 return self._signer.sign(message) 

821 

822 @property # type: ignore 

823 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.Signing) 

824 def signer(self): 

825 return self._signer 

826 

827 @property # type: ignore 

828 @_helpers.copy_docstring(credentials.Signing) 

829 def signer_email(self): 

830 return self._service_account_email