/src/h2o/deps/quicly/include/quicly.h

Source
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2017 Fastly, Kazuho Oku
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
 * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
 * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
 * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 * IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */
#ifndef quicly_h
#define quicly_h

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "picotls.h"
#include "quicly/constants.h"
#include "quicly/frame.h"
#include "quicly/local_cid.h"
#include "quicly/linklist.h"
#include "quicly/loss.h"
#include "quicly/cc.h"
#include "quicly/rate.h"
#include "quicly/recvstate.h"
#include "quicly/sendstate.h"
#include "quicly/maxsender.h"
#include "quicly/cid.h"
#include "quicly/remote_cid.h"

/* invariants! */
#define QUICLY_LONG_HEADER_BIT 0x80
#define QUICLY_QUIC_BIT 0x40
#define QUICLY_KEY_PHASE_BIT 0x4
#define QUICLY_LONG_HEADER_RESERVED_BITS 0xc
#define QUICLY_SHORT_HEADER_RESERVED_BITS 0x18

#define QUICLY_PACKET_TYPE_INITIAL (QUICLY_LONG_HEADER_BIT | QUICLY_QUIC_BIT | 0)
#define QUICLY_PACKET_TYPE_0RTT (QUICLY_LONG_HEADER_BIT | QUICLY_QUIC_BIT | 0x10)
#define QUICLY_PACKET_TYPE_HANDSHAKE (QUICLY_LONG_HEADER_BIT | QUICLY_QUIC_BIT | 0x20)
#define QUICLY_PACKET_TYPE_RETRY (QUICLY_LONG_HEADER_BIT | QUICLY_QUIC_BIT | 0x30)
#define QUICLY_PACKET_TYPE_BITMASK 0xf0

#define QUICLY_PACKET_IS_LONG_HEADER(first_byte) (((first_byte) & QUICLY_LONG_HEADER_BIT) != 0)

/**
 * Version 1.
 */
#define QUICLY_PROTOCOL_VERSION_1 0x1
/**
 * The current version being supported. At the moment, it is draft-29.
 */
#define QUICLY_PROTOCOL_VERSION_DRAFT29 0xff00001d
/**
 * Draft-27 is also supported.
 */
#define QUICLY_PROTOCOL_VERSION_DRAFT27 0xff00001b

#define QUICLY_PACKET_IS_INITIAL(first_byte) (((first_byte) & 0xf0) == 0xc0)

#define QUICLY_STATELESS_RESET_PACKET_MIN_LEN 39

#define QUICLY_MAX_PN_SIZE 4  /* maximum defined by the RFC used for calculating header protection sampling offset */
#define QUICLY_SEND_PN_SIZE 2 /* size of PN used for sending */

#define QUICLY_AEAD_BASE_LABEL "tls13 quic "

typedef union st_quicly_address_t {
    struct sockaddr sa;
    struct sockaddr_in sin;
    struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
} quicly_address_t;

typedef struct st_quicly_context_t quicly_context_t;
typedef struct st_quicly_stream_t quicly_stream_t;
typedef struct st_quicly_send_context_t quicly_send_context_t;
typedef struct st_quicly_address_token_plaintext_t quicly_address_token_plaintext_t;

#define QUICLY_CALLBACK_TYPE0(ret, name)                                                                                           \
    typedef struct st_quicly_##name##_t {                                                                                          \
        ret (*cb)(struct st_quicly_##name##_t * self);                                                                             \
    } quicly_##name##_t

#define QUICLY_CALLBACK_TYPE(ret, name, ...)                                                                                       \
    typedef struct st_quicly_##name##_t {                                                                                          \
        ret (*cb)(struct st_quicly_##name##_t * self, __VA_ARGS__);                                                                \
    } quicly_##name##_t

/**
 * stream scheduler
 */
typedef struct st_quicly_stream_scheduler_t {
    /**
     * returns if there's any data to send.
     * @param conn_is_flow_capped if the connection-level flow control window is currently saturated
     */
    int (*can_send)(struct st_quicly_stream_scheduler_t *sched, quicly_conn_t *conn, int conn_is_saturated);
    /**
     * Called by quicly to emit stream data.  The scheduler should repeatedly choose a stream and call `quicly_send_stream` until
     * `quicly_can_send_stream` returns false.
     */
    quicly_error_t (*do_send)(struct st_quicly_stream_scheduler_t *sched, quicly_conn_t *conn, quicly_send_context_t *s);
    /**
     *
     */
    void (*update_state)(struct st_quicly_stream_scheduler_t *sched, quicly_stream_t *stream);
} quicly_stream_scheduler_t;

/**
 * called when stream is being open. Application is expected to create it's corresponding state and tie it to stream->data.
 */
QUICLY_CALLBACK_TYPE(quicly_error_t, stream_open, quicly_stream_t *stream);
/**
 *
 */
QUICLY_CALLBACK_TYPE(void, receive_datagram_frame, quicly_conn_t *conn, ptls_iovec_t payload);
/**
 * Called when the connection is closed (i.e., when entering the closing or draining state). Otherwise the callback is not called;
 * e.g., when `quicly_free` is called directly while the connection is in the connected state. Call `quicly_get_close_reason` to
 * obtain the details of the closure.
 */
QUICLY_CALLBACK_TYPE(void, closed, quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 * Returns current time in milliseconds. The returned value MUST monotonically increase (i.e., it is the responsibility of the
 * callback implementation to guarantee that the returned value never goes back to the past).
 */
QUICLY_CALLBACK_TYPE0(int64_t, now);
/**
 * called when a NEW_TOKEN token is received on a connection
 */
QUICLY_CALLBACK_TYPE(quicly_error_t, save_resumption_token, quicly_conn_t *conn, ptls_iovec_t token);
/**
 *
 */
QUICLY_CALLBACK_TYPE(quicly_error_t, generate_resumption_token, quicly_conn_t *conn, ptls_buffer_t *buf,
                     quicly_address_token_plaintext_t *token);
/**
 * called to initialize a congestion controller for a new connection.
 * should in turn call one of the quicly_cc_*_init functions from cc.h with customized parameters.
 */
QUICLY_CALLBACK_TYPE(void, init_cc, quicly_cc_t *cc, uint32_t initcwnd, int64_t now);
/**
 * reference counting.
 * delta must be either 1 or -1.
 */
QUICLY_CALLBACK_TYPE(void, update_open_count, ssize_t delta);
/**
 * Called when picotls return PTLS_ERROR_ASYNC_OPERATION. The application must call `ptls_resume_handshake` once the async operation
 * is complete.
 */
QUICLY_CALLBACK_TYPE(void, async_handshake, ptls_t *tls);

/**
 * crypto offload API
 */
typedef struct st_quicly_crypto_engine_t {
    /**
     * Callback used for setting up the header protection keys / packet protection keys. The callback MUST initialize or replace
     * `header_protect_ctx` and `packet_protect_ctx` as specified by QUIC-TLS. This callback might be called more than once for
     * 1-RTT epoch, when the key is updated. In such case, there is no need to update the header protection context, and therefore
     * `header_protect_ctx` will be NULL.
     *
     * @param header_protect_ctx  address of where the header protection context should be written. Might be NULL when called to
     *                            handle 1-RTT Key Update.
     * @param packet_protect_ctx  address of where the packet protection context should be written.
     * @param secret              the secret from which the protection keys is derived. The length of the secret is
                                  `hash->digest_size`.
     * @note At the moment, the callback is not invoked for Initial keys when running as server.
     */
    int (*setup_cipher)(struct st_quicly_crypto_engine_t *engine, quicly_conn_t *conn, size_t epoch, int is_enc,
                        ptls_cipher_context_t **header_protect_ctx, ptls_aead_context_t **packet_protect_ctx,
                        ptls_aead_algorithm_t *aead, ptls_hash_algorithm_t *hash, const void *secret);
    /**
     * Callback used for encrypting the send packet. The engine must AEAD-encrypt the payload using `packet_protect_ctx` and apply
     * header protection using `header_protect_ctx`. Quicly does not read or write the content of the UDP datagram payload after
     * this function is called. Therefore, an engine might retain the information provided by this function, and protect the packet
     * and the header at a later moment (e.g., hardware crypto offload).
     */
    void (*encrypt_packet)(struct st_quicly_crypto_engine_t *engine, quicly_conn_t *conn, ptls_cipher_context_t *header_protect_ctx,
                           ptls_aead_context_t *packet_protect_ctx, ptls_iovec_t datagram, size_t first_byte_at,
                           size_t payload_from, uint64_t packet_number, int coalesced);
} quicly_crypto_engine_t;

/**
 * data structure used for self-tracing
 */
typedef struct st_quicly_tracer_t {
    /**
     * NULL when not used
     */
    void (*cb)(void *ctx, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
    /**
     *
     */
    void *ctx;
} quicly_tracer_t;

typedef struct st_quicly_max_stream_data_t {
    uint64_t bidi_local, bidi_remote, uni;
} quicly_max_stream_data_t;

/**
 * Transport Parameters; the struct contains "configuration parameters", ODCID is managed separately
 */
typedef struct st_quicly_transport_parameters_t {
    /**
     * in octets
     */
    quicly_max_stream_data_t max_stream_data;
    /**
     * in octets
     */
    uint64_t max_data;
    /**
     * in milliseconds
     */
    uint64_t max_idle_timeout;
    /**
     *
     */
    uint64_t max_streams_bidi;
    /**
     *
     */
    uint64_t max_streams_uni;
    /**
     *
     */
    uint64_t max_udp_payload_size;
    /**
     * quicly ignores the value set for quicly_context_t::transport_parameters
     */
    uint8_t ack_delay_exponent;
    /**
     * in milliseconds; quicly ignores the value set for quicly_context_t::transport_parameters
     */
    uint16_t max_ack_delay;
    /**
     * Delayed-ack extension. UINT64_MAX indicates that the extension is disabled or that the peer does not support it. Any local
     * value other than UINT64_MAX indicates that the use of the extension should be negotiated.
     */
    uint64_t min_ack_delay_usec;
    /**
     *
     */
    uint8_t disable_active_migration : 1;
    /**
     *
     */
    uint64_t active_connection_id_limit;
    /**
     *
     */
    uint16_t max_datagram_frame_size;
} quicly_transport_parameters_t;

typedef struct st_quicly_salt_t {
    uint8_t initial[20];
    struct {
        uint8_t key[PTLS_AES128_KEY_SIZE];
        uint8_t iv[PTLS_AESGCM_IV_SIZE];
    } retry;
} quicly_salt_t;

struct st_quicly_context_t {
    /**
     * tls context to use
     */
    ptls_context_t *tls;
    /**
     * Maximum size of packets that we are willing to send when path-specific information is unavailable. As a
     * path-specific optimization, quicly acting as a server sets this value to `min(remote.tp.max_udp_payload_size,
     * max(local.tp.max_udp_payload_size, max_size_of_incoming_datagrams)` when it receives the Transport Parameters
     * from the client.
     */
    uint16_t initial_egress_max_udp_payload_size;
    /**
     * loss detection parameters
     */
    quicly_loss_conf_t loss;
    /**
     * transport parameters
     */
    quicly_transport_parameters_t transport_params;
    /**
     * number of packets that can be sent without a key update
     */
    uint64_t max_packets_per_key;
    /**
     * maximum number of bytes that can be transmitted on a CRYPTO stream (per each epoch)
     */
    uint32_t max_crypto_bytes;
    /**
     * initial CWND in terms of packet numbers
     */
    uint32_t initcwnd_packets;
    /**
     * (client-only) Initial QUIC protocol version used by the client. Setting this to a greased version will enforce version
     * negotiation.
     */
    uint32_t initial_version;
    /**
     * (server-only) amplification limit before the peer address is validated
     */
    uint16_t pre_validation_amplification_limit;
    /**
     * How frequent the endpoint should induce ACKs from the peer, relative to RTT (or CWND) multiplied by 1024. As an example, 128
     * will request the peer to send one ACK every 1/8 RTT (or CWND). 0 disables the use of the delayed-ack extension.
     */
    uint16_t ack_frequency;
    /**
     * If the handshake does not complete within this value * RTT, close connection.
     * When RTT is not observed, timeout is calculated relative to initial RTT (333ms by default).
     */
    uint32_t handshake_timeout_rtt_multiplier;
    /**
     * If the number of Initial/Handshake packets sent during the handshake phase exceeds this limit, treat it as an error and close
     * the connection.
     */
    uint64_t max_initial_handshake_packets;
    /**
     * maximum number of probe packets (i.e., packets carrying PATH_CHALLENGE frames) to be sent before calling a path unreachable
     */
    uint64_t max_probe_packets;
    /**
     * Once path validation fails for the specified number of paths, packets arriving on new tuples will be dropped. Setting this
     * value to zero effectively disables the endpoint responding to path migration attempts.
     */
    uint64_t max_path_validation_failures;
    /**
     * Jumpstart CWND to be used when there is no previous information. If set to zero, slow start is used. Note jumpstart is
     * possible only when the use_pacing flag is set.
     */
    uint32_t default_jumpstart_cwnd_packets;
    /**
     * Maximum jumpstart CWND to be used for connections with previous delivery rate information (i.e., resuming connections). If
     * set to zero, slow start is used.
     */
    uint32_t max_jumpstart_cwnd_packets;
    /**
     * Probabilities for enabling jumpstart when they are configured, multiplied by 255. 0 means never, 255 (default) means always.
     */
    struct {
        struct {
            uint8_t non_resume;
            uint8_t resume;
        } jumpstart;
        /**
         * if rapid cstart should be used
         */
        uint8_t rapid_start;
        /**
         * whether to use ECN on the send side; ECN is always on on the receive side
         */
        uint8_t ecn;
        /**
         * if pacing should be used
         */
        uint8_t pacing;
        /**
         * if CC should take app-limited into consideration
         */
        uint8_t respect_app_limited;
    } enable_ratio;
    /**
     * expand client hello so that it does not fit into one datagram
     */
    unsigned expand_client_hello : 1;
    /**
     *
     */
    quicly_cid_encryptor_t *cid_encryptor;
    /**
     * callback called when a new stream is opened by remote peer
     */
    quicly_stream_open_t *stream_open;
    /**
     * callbacks for scheduling stream data
     */
    quicly_stream_scheduler_t *stream_scheduler;
    /**
     * callback for receiving datagram frame
     */
    quicly_receive_datagram_frame_t *receive_datagram_frame;
    /**
     * callback called when a connection enters closing or draining
     */
    quicly_closed_t *closed;
    /**
     * returns current time in milliseconds
     */
    quicly_now_t *now;
    /**
     * called when a NEW_TOKEN token is being received
     */
    quicly_save_resumption_token_t *save_resumption_token;
    /**
     *
     */
    quicly_generate_resumption_token_t *generate_resumption_token;
    /**
     * crypto engine (offload API)
     */
    quicly_crypto_engine_t *crypto_engine;
    /**
     * initializes a congestion controller for given connection
     */
    quicly_init_cc_t *init_cc;
    /**
     * optional refcount callback
     */
    quicly_update_open_count_t *update_open_count;
    /**
     *
     */
    quicly_async_handshake_t *async_handshake;
};

/**
 * connection state
 */
typedef enum {
    /**
     * before observing the first message from remote peer
     */
    QUICLY_STATE_FIRSTFLIGHT,
    /**
     * internal state used to indicate that the connection has not been provided to the application (and therefore might not have
     * application data being associated)
     */
    QUICLY_STATE_ACCEPTING,
    /**
     * while connected
     */
    QUICLY_STATE_CONNECTED,
    /**
     * sending close, but haven't seen the remote peer sending close
     */
    QUICLY_STATE_CLOSING,
    /**
     * we do not send CLOSE (at the moment), enter draining mode when receiving CLOSE
     */
    QUICLY_STATE_DRAINING
} quicly_state_t;

struct st_quicly_conn_streamgroup_state_t {
    uint32_t num_streams;
    quicly_stream_id_t next_stream_id;
};

/**
 * These fields that exist within QUICLY_STATS_PREBUILT_FIELDS as the first elements are the stat counters that can be aggregated to
 * calclucate total amongst multiple connections.
 */
#define QUICLY_STATS_PREBUILT_COUNTERS                                                                                             \
    struct {                                                                                                                       \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of packets received.                                                                                       \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t received;                                                                                                         \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of packets that failed decryption.                                                                         \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t decryption_failed;                                                                                                \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of packets sent.                                                                                           \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t sent;                                                                                                             \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of packets marked lost.                                                                                    \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t lost;                                                                                                             \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of packets marked lost via time-threshold loss detection.                                                  \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t lost_time_threshold;                                                                                              \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of packets for which acknowledgements have been received.                                                  \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t ack_received;                                                                                                     \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of packets for which acknowledgements were received after being marked lost.                               \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t late_acked;                                                                                                       \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of Initial packets received.                                                                               \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t initial_received;                                                                                                 \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of 0-RTT packets received.                                                                                 \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t zero_rtt_received;                                                                                                \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of Handshake packets received.                                                                             \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t handshake_received;                                                                                               \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of Initial packets sent.                                                                                   \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t initial_sent;                                                                                                     \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of 0-RTT packets sent.                                                                                     \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t zero_rtt_sent;                                                                                                    \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of Handshake packets sent.                                                                                 \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t handshake_sent;                                                                                                   \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of packets received out of order.                                                                          \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t received_out_of_order;                                                                                            \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * connection-wide counters for ECT(0), ECT(1), CE                                                                         \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t received_ecn_counts[3];                                                                                           \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * connection-wide ack-received counters for ECT(0), ECT(1), CE                                                            \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t acked_ecn_counts[3];                                                                                              \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of packets sent on promoted paths.                                                                         \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t sent_promoted_paths;                                                                                              \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of acked packets that were sent on promoted.                                                               \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t ack_received_promoted_paths;                                                                                      \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Maximum number of packets that were buffered to delay their processing due to being undecryptable.                      \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t max_delayed;                                                                                                      \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Number of packets that were delayed processing and successfully used.                                                   \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t delayed_used;                                                                                                     \
    } num_packets;                                                                                                                 \
    struct {                                                                                                                       \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total bytes received, at UDP datagram-level. Used for determining the amplification limit.                              \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t received;                                                                                                         \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total bytes sent, at UDP datagram-level.                                                                                \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t sent;                                                                                                             \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total bytes sent but lost, at UDP datagram-level.                                                                       \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t lost;                                                                                                             \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total number of bytes for which acknowledgements have been received.                                                    \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t ack_received;                                                                                                     \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total amount of stream-level payload being sent                                                                         \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t stream_data_sent;                                                                                                 \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * Total amount of stream-level payload being resent                                                                       \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t stream_data_resent;                                                                                               \
    } num_bytes;                                                                                                                   \
    /**                                                                                                                            \
     * Total number of each frame being sent / received.                                                                           \
     */                                                                                                                            \
    struct {                                                                                                                       \
        uint64_t padding, ping, ack, reset_stream, stop_sending, crypto, new_token, stream, max_data, max_stream_data,             \
            max_streams_bidi, max_streams_uni, data_blocked, stream_data_blocked, streams_blocked, new_connection_id,              \
            retire_connection_id, path_challenge, path_response, transport_close, application_close, handshake_done, datagram,     \
            ack_frequency, immediate_ack;                                                                                          \
    } num_frames_received, num_frames_sent;                                                                                        \
    struct {                                                                                                                       \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * number of alternate paths created                                                                                       \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t created;                                                                                                          \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * number alternate paths validated                                                                                        \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t validated;                                                                                                        \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * number of alternate paths that were created but failed to validate                                                      \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t validation_failed;                                                                                                \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * number of paths on which migration has been elicited (i.e., received non-probing packets)                               \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t migration_elicited;                                                                                               \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * number of migrations                                                                                                    \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t promoted;                                                                                                         \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * number of alternate paths that were closed due to Connection ID being unavailable                                       \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t closed_no_dcid;                                                                                                   \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * number of paths that were ECN-capable                                                                                   \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t ecn_validated;                                                                                                    \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * number of paths that were deemed as ECN black holes                                                                     \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t ecn_failed;                                                                                                       \
    } num_paths;                                                                                                                   \
    /**                                                                                                                            \
     * Total number of PTOs observed during the connection.                                                                        \
     */                                                                                                                            \
    uint64_t num_ptos;                                                                                                             \
    /**                                                                                                                            \
     * number of timeouts occurred during handshake due to no progress being made (see `handshake_timeout_rtt_multiplier`)         \
     */                                                                                                                            \
    uint64_t num_handshake_timeouts;                                                                                               \
    /**                                                                                                                            \
     * Total number of events where `initial_handshake_sent` exceeds limit.                                                        \
     */                                                                                                                            \
    uint64_t num_initial_handshake_exceeded;                                                                                       \
    /**                                                                                                                            \
     * Number of connections for which jumpstart is or could have been used.                                                       \
     */                                                                                                                            \
    uint64_t num_jumpstart_applicable;                                                                                             \
    /**                                                                                                                            \
     * Number of connections that used rapid start.                                                                                \
     */                                                                                                                            \
    uint64_t num_rapid_start;                                                                                                      \
    /**                                                                                                                            \
     * Total number of connections that were paced.                                                                                \
     */                                                                                                                            \
    uint64_t num_paced;                                                                                                            \
    /**                                                                                                                            \
     * Total number of connections where app-limited state was respected by CC.                                                    \
     */                                                                                                                            \
    uint64_t num_respected_app_limited

/**
 * Stats that do not need to be gathered upon the invocation of `quicly_get_stats`. This macro is used to define the same fields in
 * the same order for quicly_stats_t and `struct st_quicly_conn_public_t::stats`.
 */
#define QUICLY_STATS_PREBUILT_FIELDS                                                                                               \
    QUICLY_STATS_PREBUILT_COUNTERS;                                                                                                \
    /**                                                                                                                            \
     * Time took until handshake is confirmed. UINT64_MAX if handshake is not confirmed yet.                                       \
     */                                                                                                                            \
    uint64_t handshake_confirmed_msec;                                                                                             \
    /**                                                                                                                            \
     * jumpstart parameters and the CWND being adopted (see also quicly_cc_t::cwnd_exiting_jumpstart)                              \
     */                                                                                                                            \
    struct {                                                                                                                       \
        uint64_t prev_rate;                                                                                                        \
        uint32_t prev_rtt;                                                                                                         \
        uint32_t new_rtt;                                                                                                          \
        uint32_t cwnd;                                                                                                             \
    } jumpstart;                                                                                                                   \
    /**                                                                                                                            \
     * some contents of the last token sent                                                                                        \
     */                                                                                                                            \
    struct {                                                                                                                       \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * when sent, relative to the creation time of the connection                                                              \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        int64_t at;                                                                                                                \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * delivery rate                                                                                                           \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint64_t rate;                                                                                                             \
        /**                                                                                                                        \
         * rtt                                                                                                                     \
         */                                                                                                                        \
        uint32_t rtt;                                                                                                              \
    } token_sent

typedef struct st_quicly_stats_t {
    /**
     * The pre-built fields. This MUST be the first member of `quicly_stats_t` so that we can use `memcpy`.
     */
    QUICLY_STATS_PREBUILT_FIELDS;
    /**
     * RTT stats.
     */
    quicly_rtt_t rtt;
    /**
     * Loss thresholds.
     */
    quicly_loss_thresholds_t loss_thresholds;
    /**
     * Congestion control stats (experimental; TODO cherry-pick what can be exposed as part of a stable API).
     */
    quicly_cc_t cc;
    /**
     * Estimated delivery rate, in bytes/second.
     */
    quicly_rate_t delivery_rate;
    /**
     * largest number of packets contained in the sentmap
     */
    size_t num_sentmap_packets_largest;
} quicly_stats_t;

/* clang-format off */

#define QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_NUM_PACKETS(apply)                                                                                    \
    apply(num_packets.received, "num-packets.received")                                                                            \
    apply(num_packets.decryption_failed, "num-packets.decryption-failed")                                                          \
    apply(num_packets.sent, "num-packets.sent")                                                                                    \
    apply(num_packets.lost, "num-packets.lost")                                                                                    \
    apply(num_packets.lost_time_threshold, "num-packets.lost-time-threshold")                                                      \
    apply(num_packets.ack_received, "num-packets.ack-received")                                                                    \
    apply(num_packets.late_acked, "num-packets.late-acked")                                                                        \
    apply(num_packets.initial_received, "num-packets.initial-received")                                                            \
    apply(num_packets.zero_rtt_received, "num-packets.zero-rtt-received")                                                          \
    apply(num_packets.handshake_received, "num-packets.handshake-received")                                                        \
    apply(num_packets.initial_sent, "num-packets.initial-sent")                                                                    \
    apply(num_packets.zero_rtt_sent, "num-packets.zero-rtt-sent")                                                                  \
    apply(num_packets.handshake_sent, "num-packets.handshake-sent")                                                                \
    apply(num_packets.received_out_of_order, "num-packets.received-out-of-order")                                                  \
    apply(num_packets.received_ecn_counts[0], "num-packets.received-ecn-ect0")                                                     \
    apply(num_packets.received_ecn_counts[1], "num-packets.received-ecn-ect1")                                                     \
    apply(num_packets.received_ecn_counts[2], "num-packets.received-ecn-ce")                                                       \
    apply(num_packets.acked_ecn_counts[0], "num-packets.acked-ecn-ect0")                                                           \
    apply(num_packets.acked_ecn_counts[1], "num-packets.acked-ecn-ect1")                                                           \
    apply(num_packets.acked_ecn_counts[2], "num-packets.acked-ecn-ce")                                                             \
    apply(num_packets.sent_promoted_paths, "num-packets.sent-promoted-paths")                                                      \
    apply(num_packets.ack_received_promoted_paths, "num-packets.ack-received-promoted-paths")                                      \
    apply(num_packets.max_delayed, "num-packets.max-delayed")                                                                      \
    apply(num_packets.delayed_used, "num-packets.delayed-used")

#define QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_NUM_BYTES(apply)                                                                                      \
    apply(num_bytes.received, "num-bytes.received")                                                                                \
    apply(num_bytes.sent, "num-bytes.sent")                                                                                        \
    apply(num_bytes.lost, "num-bytes.lost")                                                                                        \
    apply(num_bytes.ack_received, "num-bytes.ack-received")                                                                        \
    apply(num_bytes.stream_data_sent, "num-bytes.stream-data-sent")                                                                \
    apply(num_bytes.stream_data_resent, "num-bytes.stream-data-resent")

#define QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(name, dir, apply)                                                                      \
    apply(num_frames_##dir.name, "num-frames-" PTLS_TO_STR(dir) "." PTLS_TO_STR(name))

#define QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(dir, apply)                                                                                \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(padding, dir, apply)                                                                       \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(ping, dir, apply)                                                                          \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(ack, dir, apply)                                                                           \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(reset_stream, dir, apply)                                                                  \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(stop_sending, dir, apply)                                                                  \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(crypto, dir, apply)                                                                        \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(new_token, dir, apply)                                                                     \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(stream, dir, apply)                                                                        \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(max_data, dir, apply)                                                                      \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(max_stream_data, dir, apply)                                                               \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(max_streams_bidi, dir, apply)                                                              \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(max_streams_uni, dir, apply)                                                               \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(data_blocked, dir, apply)                                                                  \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(stream_data_blocked, dir, apply)                                                           \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(streams_blocked, dir, apply)                                                               \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(new_connection_id, dir, apply)                                                             \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(retire_connection_id, dir, apply)                                                          \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(path_challenge, dir, apply)                                                                \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(path_response, dir, apply)                                                                 \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(transport_close, dir, apply)                                                               \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(application_close, dir, apply)                                                             \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(handshake_done, dir, apply)                                                                \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(datagram, dir, apply)                                                                      \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(ack_frequency, dir, apply)                                                                 \
    QUICLY_STATS__DO_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(immediate_ack, dir, apply)

#define QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_TRANSPORT_COUNTERS(apply)                                                                             \
    apply(num_paths.created, "num-paths.created")                                                                                  \
    apply(num_paths.validated, "num-paths.validated")                                                                              \
    apply(num_paths.validation_failed, "num-paths.validation-failed")                                                              \
    apply(num_paths.migration_elicited, "num-paths.migration-elicited")                                                            \
    apply(num_paths.promoted, "num-paths.promoted")                                                                                \
    apply(num_paths.closed_no_dcid, "num-paths.closed-no-dcid")                                                                    \
    apply(num_paths.ecn_validated, "num-paths.ecn-validated")                                                                      \
    apply(num_paths.ecn_failed, "num-paths.ecn-failed")                                                                            \
    apply(num_ptos, "num-ptos")                                                                                                    \
    apply(num_handshake_timeouts, "num-handshake-timeouts")                                                                        \
    apply(num_initial_handshake_exceeded, "num-initial-handshake-exceeded")                                                        \
    apply(num_jumpstart_applicable, "num-jumpstart-applicable")                                                                    \
    apply(num_rapid_start, "num-rapid-start")                                                                                      \
    apply(num_paced, "num-paced")                                                                                                  \
    apply(num_respected_app_limited, "num-respected-app-limited")

/**
 * Macro for iterating QUICLY_STATS_PREBUILT_COUNTERS.
 */
#define QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_COUNTERS(apply)                                                                                       \
    QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_NUM_PACKETS(apply)                                                                                        \
    QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_NUM_BYTES(apply)                                                                                          \
    QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(received, apply)                                                                               \
    QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_NUM_FRAMES(sent, apply)                                                                                   \
    QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_TRANSPORT_COUNTERS(apply)

/**
 * Macro for iterating the fields of `quicly_stats_t` other than QUICLY_STATS_PREBUILT_COUNTERS.
 */
#define QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_NON_COUNTERS(apply)                                                                                   \
    apply(handshake_confirmed_msec, "handshake-confirmed-msec")                                                                    \
    apply(jumpstart.prev_rate, "jumpstart.prev-rate")                                                                              \
    apply(jumpstart.prev_rtt, "jumpstart.prev-rtt")                                                                                \
    apply(jumpstart.new_rtt, "jumpstart.new-rtt")                                                                                  \
    apply(jumpstart.cwnd, "jumpstart.cwnd")                                                                                        \
    apply(token_sent.at, "token-sent.at")                                                                                          \
    apply(token_sent.rate, "token-sent.rate")                                                                                      \
    apply(token_sent.rtt, "token-sent.rtt")                                                                                        \
    apply(rtt.minimum, "rtt.minimum")                                                                                              \
    apply(rtt.smoothed, "rtt.smoothed")                                                                                            \
    apply(rtt.variance, "rtt.variance")                                                                                            \
    apply(rtt.latest, "rtt.latest")                                                                                                \
    apply(loss_thresholds.use_packet_based, "loss-thresholds.use-packet-based")                                                    \
    apply(loss_thresholds.time_based_percentile, "loss-thresholds.time-based-percentile")                                          \
    apply(cc.cwnd, "cc.cwnd")                                                                                                      \
    apply(cc.ssthresh, "cc.ssthresh")                                                                                              \
    apply(cc.cwnd_initial, "cc.cwnd-initial")                                                                                      \
    apply(cc.cwnd_exiting_slow_start, "cc.cwnd-exiting-slow-start")                                                                \
    apply(cc.exit_slow_start_at, "cc.exit-slow-start-at")                                                                          \
    apply(cc.cwnd_exiting_jumpstart, "cc.cwnd-exiting-jumpstart")                                                                  \
    apply(cc.cwnd_minimum, "cc.cwnd-minimum")                                                                                      \
    apply(cc.cwnd_maximum, "cc.cwnd-maximum")                                                                                      \
    apply(cc.num_loss_episodes, "cc.num-loss-episodes")                                                                            \
    apply(cc.num_loss_episodes_undone, "cc.num-loss-episodes-undone")                                                              \
    apply(cc.num_loss_episodes_undone_in_startup, "cc.num-loss-episodes-undone-in-startup")                                        \
    apply(cc.num_ecn_loss_episodes, "cc.num-ecn-loss-episodes")                                                                    \
    apply(delivery_rate.latest, "delivery-rate.latest")                                                                            \
    apply(delivery_rate.smoothed, "delivery-rate.smoothed")                                                                        \
    apply(delivery_rate.stdev, "delivery-rate.stdev")                                                                              \
    apply(num_sentmap_packets_largest, "num-sentmap-packets-largest")

#define QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH(apply)                                                                                                \
    QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_COUNTERS(apply)                                                                                           \
    QUICLY_STATS_FOREACH_NON_COUNTERS(apply)

/* clang-format on */

/**
 * The state of the default stream scheduler.
 * `active` is a linked-list of streams for which STREAM frames can be emitted.  `blocked` is a linked-list of streams that have
 * something to be sent but are currently blocked by the connection-level flow control.
 * When the `can_send` callback of the default stream scheduler is invoked with the `conn_is_saturated` flag set, connections that
 * are blocked are eventually moved to the `blocked` list. When the callback is invoked without the flag being set, all the
 * connections in the `blocked` list is moved to the `active` list and the `in_saturated_mode` is cleared.
 */
struct st_quicly_default_scheduler_state_t {
    quicly_linklist_t active;
    quicly_linklist_t blocked;
};

typedef void (*quicly_trace_cb)(void *ctx, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));

struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t {
    quicly_context_t *ctx;
    quicly_state_t state;
    struct {
        /**
         * connection IDs being issued to the remote peer.
         * `quicly_conn_public_t::local.cid_set.plaintext.master_id has to be located right after `ctx` and `state`, as probes rely
         * on that assumption.
         */
        quicly_local_cid_set_t cid_set;
        /**
         * the SCID used in long header packets. Equivalent to local_cid[seq=0]. Retaining the value separately is the easiest way
         * of staying away from the complexity caused by remote peer sending RCID frames before the handshake concludes.
         */
        quicly_cid_t long_header_src_cid;
        /**
         * stream-level limits
         */
        struct st_quicly_conn_streamgroup_state_t bidi, uni;
    } local;
    struct {
        /**
         * CIDs received from the remote peer
         */
        quicly_remote_cid_set_t cid_set;
        struct st_quicly_conn_streamgroup_state_t bidi, uni;
        quicly_transport_parameters_t transport_params;
        struct {
            unsigned validated : 1;
            unsigned send_probe : 1;
        } address_validation;
    } remote;
    /**
     * Retains the original DCID used by the client. Servers use this to route incoming packets. Clients use this when validating
     * the Transport Parameters sent by the server.
     */
    quicly_cid_t original_dcid;
    struct st_quicly_default_scheduler_state_t _default_scheduler;
    struct {
        QUICLY_STATS_PREBUILT_FIELDS;
    } stats;
    uint32_t version;
    void *data;
    /**
     * trace callback (cb != NULL when used)
     */
    quicly_tracer_t tracer;
};

typedef enum {
    /**
     * initial state
     */
    QUICLY_SENDER_STATE_NONE,
    /**
     * to be sent. Changes to UNACKED when sent out by quicly_send
     */
    QUICLY_SENDER_STATE_SEND,
    /**
     * inflight. changes to SEND (when packet is deemed lost), or ACKED (when packet is ACKed)
     */
    QUICLY_SENDER_STATE_UNACKED,
    /**
     * the sent value acknowledged by remote peer
     */
    QUICLY_SENDER_STATE_ACKED,
} quicly_sender_state_t;

/**
 * API that allows applications to specify it's own send / receive buffer.  The callback should be assigned by the
 * `quicly_context_t::on_stream_open` callback.
 */
typedef struct st_quicly_stream_callbacks_t {
    /**
     * called when the stream is destroyed
     */
    void (*on_destroy)(quicly_stream_t *stream, quicly_error_t err);
    /**
     * called whenever data can be retired from the send buffer, specifying the amount that can be newly removed
     */
    void (*on_send_shift)(quicly_stream_t *stream, size_t delta);
    /**
     * asks the application to fill the frame payload.  `off` is the offset within the buffer (the beginning position of the buffer
     * changes as `on_send_shift` is invoked). `len` is an in/out argument that specifies the size of the buffer / amount of data
     * being written.  `wrote_all` is a boolean out parameter indicating if the application has written all the available data.
     * As this callback is triggered by calling quicly_stream_sync_sendbuf (stream, 1) when tx data is present, it assumes data
     * to be available - that is `len` return value should be non-zero.
     */
    void (*on_send_emit)(quicly_stream_t *stream, size_t off, void *dst, size_t *len, int *wrote_all);
    /**
     * called when a STOP_SENDING frame is received.  Do not call `quicly_reset_stream` in response.  The stream will be
     * automatically reset by quicly.
     */
    void (*on_send_stop)(quicly_stream_t *stream, quicly_error_t err);
    /**
     * called when data is newly received.  `off` is the offset within the buffer (the beginning position changes as the application
     * calls `quicly_stream_sync_recvbuf`.  Applications should consult `quicly_stream_t::recvstate` to see if it has contiguous
     * input.
     */
    void (*on_receive)(quicly_stream_t *stream, size_t off, const void *src, size_t len);
    /**
     * called when a RESET_STREAM frame is received
     */
    void (*on_receive_reset)(quicly_stream_t *stream, quicly_error_t err);
} quicly_stream_callbacks_t;

struct st_quicly_stream_t {
    /**
     *
     */
    quicly_conn_t *conn;
    /**
     * stream id
     */
    quicly_stream_id_t stream_id;
    /**
     *
     */
    const quicly_stream_callbacks_t *callbacks;
    /**
     * send buffer
     */
    quicly_sendstate_t sendstate;
    /**
     * receive buffer
     */
    quicly_recvstate_t recvstate;
    /**
     *
     */
    void *data;
    /**
     *
     */
    unsigned streams_blocked : 1;
    /**
     *
     */
    struct {
        /**
         * send window
         */
        uint64_t max_stream_data;
        /**
         *
         */
        struct {
            quicly_sender_state_t sender_state;
            uint64_t error_code;
        } stop_sending;
        /**
         * reset_stream
         */
        struct {
            /**
             * STATE_NONE until RST is generated
             */
            quicly_sender_state_t sender_state;
            uint64_t error_code;
        } reset_stream;
        /**
         * sends receive window updates to remote peer
         */
        quicly_maxsender_t max_stream_data_sender;
        /**
         * send state of STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED frames corresponding to the current max_stream_data value
         */
        quicly_sender_state_t blocked;
        /**
         * linklist of pending streams
         */
        struct {
            quicly_linklist_t control; /* links to conn_t::control (or to conn_t::streams_blocked if the blocked flag is set) */
            quicly_linklist_t default_scheduler;
        } pending_link;
    } _send_aux;
    /**
     *
     */
    struct {
        /**
         * size of the receive window
         */
        uint32_t window;
        /**
         * Maximum number of ranges (i.e. gaps + 1) permitted in `recvstate.ranges`.
         * As discussed in https://github.com/h2o/quicly/issues/278, this value should be proportional to the size of the receive
         * window, so that the receive window can be maintained even in the worst case, where every one of the two packets being
         * sent are received.
         */
        uint32_t max_ranges;
    } _recv_aux;
};

/**
 * QUIC packet after decoded by `quicly_decode_packet` for routing. All the pointers within the struct points to the buffer pointed
 * to by `.octets`. When adding new pointer members, `adjust_pointers_of_decoded_packet` must be updated as well.
 */
typedef struct st_quicly_decoded_packet_t {
    /**
     * octets of the entire packet
     */
    ptls_iovec_t octets;
    /**
     * Connection ID(s)
     */
    struct {
        /**
         * destination CID
         */
        struct {
            /**
             * CID visible on wire
             */
            ptls_iovec_t encrypted;
            /**
             * The decrypted CID, or `quicly_cid_plaintext_invalid`. Assuming that `cid_encryptor` is non-NULL, this variable would
             * contain a valid value whenever `might_be_client_generated` is false. When `might_be_client_generated` is true, this
             * value might be set to `quicly_cid_plaintext_invalid`. Note however that, as the CID itself is not authenticated,
             * a packet might be bogus regardless of the value of the CID.
             * When `cid_encryptor` is NULL, the value is always set to `quicly_cid_plaintext_invalid`.
             */
            quicly_cid_plaintext_t plaintext;
            /**
             * If destination CID might be one generated by a client. This flag would be set for Initial and 0-RTT packets.
             */
            unsigned might_be_client_generated : 1;
        } dest;
        /**
         * source CID; {NULL, 0} if is a short header packet
         */
        ptls_iovec_t src;
    } cid;
    /**
     * version; 0 if is a short header packet
     */
    uint32_t version;
    /**
     * token if available; otherwise {NULL, 0}
     */
    ptls_iovec_t token;
    /**
     * starting offset of data (i.e., version-dependent area of a long header packet (version numbers in case of VN), AEAD tag (in
     * case of retry), encrypted PN (if decrypted.pn is UINT64_MAX) or data (if decrypted_pn is not UINT64_MAX))
     */
    size_t encrypted_off;
    /**
     * size of the UDP datagram
     */
    size_t datagram_size;
    /**
     * when decrypted.pn is not UINT64_MAX, indicates that the packet has been decrypted prior to being passed to `quicly_receive`.
     */
    struct {
        uint64_t pn;
        uint64_t key_phase;
    } decrypted;
    /**
     * ECN bits
     */
    uint8_t ecn : 2;
    /**
     * if it is the first packet within the datagram
     */
    uint8_t first_packet : 1;
    /**
     *
     */
    enum {
        QUICLY__DECODED_PACKET_CACHED_MAYBE_STATELESS_RESET = 0,
        QUICLY__DECODED_PACKET_CACHED_IS_STATELESS_RESET,
        QUICLY__DECODED_PACKET_CACHED_NOT_STATELESS_RESET
    } _is_stateless_reset_cached;
} quicly_decoded_packet_t;

struct st_quicly_address_token_plaintext_t {
    enum { QUICLY_ADDRESS_TOKEN_TYPE_RETRY, QUICLY_ADDRESS_TOKEN_TYPE_RESUMPTION } type;
    uint64_t issued_at;
    quicly_address_t local, remote;
    unsigned address_mismatch : 1;
    union {
        struct {
            quicly_cid_t original_dcid;
            quicly_cid_t client_cid;
            quicly_cid_t server_cid;
        } retry;
        struct {
            uint8_t bytes[256];
            size_t len;
        } resumption;
    };
    struct {
        uint8_t bytes[256];
        size_t len;
    } appdata;
};

/**
 * zero-terminated list of protocol versions being supported by quicly
 */
extern const uint32_t quicly_supported_versions[];
/**
 * returns a boolean indicating if given protocol version is supported
 */
static int quicly_is_supported_version(uint32_t version);
/**
 * Extracts QUIC packets from a datagram pointed to by `src` and `len`. If successful, the function returns the size of the QUIC
 * packet being decoded. Otherwise, SIZE_MAX is returned.
 * `off` is an I/O argument that takes starting offset of the QUIC packet to be decoded as input, and returns the starting offset of
 * the next QUIC packet. A typical loop that handles an UDP datagram would look like:
 *
 *     size_t off = 0;
 *     while (off < dgram.size) {
 *         if (quicly_decode_packet(ctx, &packet, dgram.bytes, dgram.size, &off) == SIZE_MAX)
 *             break;
 *         handle_quic_packet(&packet);
 *     }
 */
size_t quicly_decode_packet(quicly_context_t *ctx, quicly_decoded_packet_t *packet, const uint8_t *datagram, size_t datagram_size,
                            size_t *off);
/**
 *
 */
uint64_t quicly_determine_packet_number(uint32_t truncated, size_t num_bits, uint64_t expected);
/**
 *
 */
static quicly_context_t *quicly_get_context(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
static const quicly_cid_plaintext_t *quicly_get_master_id(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
static const quicly_cid_t *quicly_get_original_dcid(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
static const quicly_cid_t *quicly_get_remote_cid(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
static const quicly_transport_parameters_t *quicly_get_remote_transport_parameters(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
static quicly_state_t quicly_get_state(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 * Returns the error code and other information regarding the closure of the connection. The out parameters may be NULL. This
 * function must only be called after the the state transitions to QUICLY_STATE_CLOSING or QUICLY_STATE_DRAINING.
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_get_close_reason(quicly_conn_t *conn, uint64_t *offending_frame_type, const char **reason_phrase,
                                       int *is_remote);
/**
 *
 */
int quicly_connection_is_ready(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
static uint32_t quicly_num_streams(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
uint32_t quicly_num_streams_by_group(quicly_conn_t *conn, int uni, int locally_initiated);
/**
 *
 */
static int quicly_is_client(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
static quicly_stream_id_t quicly_get_local_next_stream_id(quicly_conn_t *conn, int uni);
/**
 *
 */
static quicly_stream_id_t quicly_get_remote_next_stream_id(quicly_conn_t *conn, int uni);
/**
 * Returns the local address of the connection. This may be AF_UNSPEC, indicating that the operating system is choosing the address.
 */
struct sockaddr *quicly_get_sockname(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 * Returns the remote address of the connection. This would never be AF_UNSPEC.
 */
struct sockaddr *quicly_get_peername(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_get_stats(quicly_conn_t *conn, quicly_stats_t *stats);
/**
 *
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_get_delivery_rate(quicly_conn_t *conn, quicly_rate_t *delivery_rate);
/**
 *
 */
void quicly_get_max_data(quicly_conn_t *conn, uint64_t *send_permitted, uint64_t *sent, uint64_t *consumed, uint64_t *shifted);
/**
 *
 */
static uint32_t quicly_get_protocol_version(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
static void **quicly_get_data(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
static quicly_tracer_t *quicly_get_tracer(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 * destroys a connection object.
 */
void quicly_free(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 * closes the connection.  `err` is the application error code using the coalesced scheme (see QUICLY_ERROR_* macros), or zero (no
 * error; indicating idle close).  An application should continue calling quicly_receive and quicly_send, until they return
 * QUICLY_ERROR_FREE_CONNECTION.  At this point, it is should call quicly_free.
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_close(quicly_conn_t *conn, quicly_error_t err, const char *reason_phrase);
/**
 *
 */
int64_t quicly_get_first_timeout(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
uint64_t quicly_get_next_expected_packet_number(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 * returns if the connection is currently blocked by connection-level flow control.
 */
int quicly_is_blocked(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 * Returns if stream data can be sent.
 * When the connection is blocked by the connection-level flow control (see `quicly_is_blocked`), `at_stream_level` should be set to
 * false to see if any retransmissions are to be done. Otherwise, `at_stream_level` should be set to true to test the stream-level
 * flow control.
 */
int quicly_stream_can_send(quicly_stream_t *stream, int at_stream_level);
/**
 * checks if quicly_send_stream can be invoked
 * @return a boolean indicating if quicly_send_stream can be called immediately
 */
int quicly_can_send_data(quicly_conn_t *conn, quicly_send_context_t *s);
/**
 * Sends data of given stream.  Called by stream scheduler.  Only streams that can send some data or EOS should be specified.  It is
 * the responsibility of the stream scheduler to maintain a list of such streams.
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_send_stream(quicly_stream_t *stream, quicly_send_context_t *s);
/**
 * Builds a Version Negotiation packet. The generated packet might include a greasing version.
 * * @param versions  zero-terminated list of versions to advertise; use `quicly_supported_versions` for sending the list of
 *                    protocol versions supported by quicly
 */
size_t quicly_send_version_negotiation(quicly_context_t *ctx, ptls_iovec_t dest_cid, ptls_iovec_t src_cid, const uint32_t *versions,
                                       void *payload);
/**
 *
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_retry_calc_cidpair_hash(ptls_hash_algorithm_t *sha256, ptls_iovec_t client_cid, ptls_iovec_t server_cid,
                                              uint64_t *value);
/**
 * Builds a UDP datagram containing a Retry packet.
 * @param retry_aead_cache  pointer to `ptls_aead_context_t *` that the function can store a AEAD context for future reuse. The
 *                          cache cannot be shared between multiple threads. Can be set to NULL when caching is unnecessary.
 * @param payload           buffer used for building the packet
 * @return size of the UDP datagram payload being built, or otherwise SIZE_MAX to indicate failure
 */
size_t quicly_send_retry(quicly_context_t *ctx, ptls_aead_context_t *token_encrypt_ctx, uint32_t protocol_version,
                         struct sockaddr *dest_addr, ptls_iovec_t dest_cid, struct sockaddr *src_addr, ptls_iovec_t src_cid,
                         ptls_iovec_t odcid, ptls_iovec_t token_prefix, ptls_iovec_t appdata,
                         ptls_aead_context_t **retry_aead_cache, uint8_t *payload);
/**
 * Builds UDP datagrams to be sent for given connection.
 * @param [out] dest              destination address
 * @param [out] src               source address
 * @param [out] datagrams         vector of iovecs pointing to the payloads of UDP datagrams. Each iovec represents a single UDP
 *                                datagram.
 * @param [in,out] num_datagrams  Upon entry, the application provides the number of entries that the `packets` vector can contain.
 *                                Upon return, contains the number of packet vectors emitted by `quicly_send`.
 * @param buf                     buffer used for building UDP datagrams. It is guaranteed that the first datagram would be built
 *                                from the address provided by `buf`, and that succeeding packets (if any) will be contiguously laid
 *                                out. This constraint reduces the number of vectors that need to be passed to the kernel when using
 *                                GSO.
 * @return 0 if successful, otherwise an error. When an error is returned, the caller must call `quicly_close` to discard the
 *         connection context.
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_send(quicly_conn_t *conn, quicly_address_t *dest, quicly_address_t *src, struct iovec *datagrams,
                           size_t *num_datagrams, void *buf, size_t bufsize);
/**
 * returns ECN bits to be set for the packets built by the last invocation of `quicly_send`
 */
uint8_t quicly_send_get_ecn_bits(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
size_t quicly_send_close_invalid_token(quicly_context_t *ctx, uint32_t protocol_version, ptls_iovec_t dest_cid,
                                       ptls_iovec_t src_cid, const char *err_desc, void *datagram);
/**
 *
 */
size_t quicly_send_stateless_reset(quicly_context_t *ctx, const void *src_cid, void *payload);
/**
 *
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_send_resumption_token(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 *
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_receive(quicly_conn_t *conn, struct sockaddr *dest_addr, struct sockaddr *src_addr,
                              quicly_decoded_packet_t *packet);
/**
 * consults if the incoming packet identified by (dest_addr, src_addr, decoded) belongs to the given connection
 */
int quicly_is_destination(quicly_conn_t *conn, struct sockaddr *dest_addr, struct sockaddr *src_addr,
                          quicly_decoded_packet_t *decoded);
/**
 * returns salts given version
 */
const quicly_salt_t *quicly_get_salt(uint32_t protocol_version);
/**
 *
 */
int quicly_calc_initial_keys(ptls_cipher_suite_t *cs, uint8_t *ingress, uint8_t *egress, ptls_iovec_t cid, int is_client,
                             ptls_iovec_t salt);
/**
 *
 */
int quicly_encode_transport_parameter_list(ptls_buffer_t *buf, const quicly_transport_parameters_t *params,
                                           const quicly_cid_t *original_dcid, const quicly_cid_t *initial_scid,
                                           const quicly_cid_t *retry_scid, const void *stateless_reset_token, size_t expand_by);
/**
 * Decodes the Transport Parameters.
 * For the four optional output parameters (`original_dcid`, `initial_scid`, `retry_scid`, `stateless_reset_token`), this function
 * returns an error if NULL were supplied as the arguments and the corresponding Transport Parameters were received.
 * If corresponding Transport Parameters were not found for any of the non-null connection ID slots, an error is returned.
 * Stateless reset is an optional feature of QUIC, and therefore no error is returned when the vector for storing the token is
 * provided and the corresponding Transport Parameter is missing. In that case, the provided vector remains unmodified. The caller
 * pre-fills the vector with an unpredictable value (i.e. random), then calls this function to set the stateless reset token to the
 * value supplied by peer.
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_decode_transport_parameter_list(quicly_transport_parameters_t *params, quicly_cid_t *original_dcid,
                                                      quicly_cid_t *initial_scid, quicly_cid_t *retry_scid,
                                                      void *stateless_reset_token, const uint8_t *src, const uint8_t *end);
/**
 * Initiates a new connection.
 * @param new_cid the CID to be used for the connection. path_id is ignored.
 * @param appdata initial value to be set to `*quicly_get_data(conn)`
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_connect(quicly_conn_t **conn, quicly_context_t *ctx, const char *server_name, struct sockaddr *dest_addr,
                              struct sockaddr *src_addr, const quicly_cid_plaintext_t *new_cid, ptls_iovec_t address_token,
                              ptls_handshake_properties_t *handshake_properties,
                              const quicly_transport_parameters_t *resumed_transport_params, void *appdata);
/**
 * accepts a new connection
 * @param new_cid        The CID to be used for the connection. When an error is being returned, the application can reuse the CID
 *                       provided to the function.
 * @param address_token  An validated address validation token, if any.  Applications MUST validate the address validation token
 *                       before calling this function, dropping the ones that failed to validate.  When a token is supplied,
 *                       `quicly_accept` will consult the values being supplied assuming that the remote peer's address has been
 *                       validated.
 * @param appdata        initial value to be set to `*quicly_get_data(conn)`
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_accept(quicly_conn_t **conn, quicly_context_t *ctx, struct sockaddr *dest_addr, struct sockaddr *src_addr,
                             quicly_decoded_packet_t *packet, quicly_address_token_plaintext_t *address_token,
                             const quicly_cid_plaintext_t *new_cid, ptls_handshake_properties_t *handshake_properties,
                             void *appdata);
/**
 *
 */
ptls_t *quicly_get_tls(quicly_conn_t *conn);
/**
 * Resumes an async TLS handshake, and returns a pointer to the QUIC connection or NULL if the corresponding QUIC connection has
 * been discarded. See `quicly_async_handshake_t`.
 */
quicly_conn_t *quicly_resume_handshake(ptls_t *tls);
/**
 *
 */
quicly_stream_id_t quicly_get_ingress_max_streams(quicly_conn_t *conn, int uni);
/**
 * Iterates through each stream. When the callback returns a non-zero value, bails out from the iteration, returning the returned
 * value.
 */
int64_t quicly_foreach_stream(quicly_conn_t *conn, void *thunk, int64_t (*cb)(void *thunk, quicly_stream_t *stream));
/**
 *
 */
quicly_stream_t *quicly_get_stream(quicly_conn_t *conn, quicly_stream_id_t stream_id);
/**
 *
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_open_stream(quicly_conn_t *conn, quicly_stream_t **stream, int unidirectional);
/**
 * This function returns a stream that is already open, or if the given ID refers to a stream that can be opened by the peer but is
 * yet-to-be opened, the functions opens that stream and returns it. Otherwise, `*stream` is set to NULL.
 * This function can be used when implementing application protocols that send references to other streams on a stream (e.g.,
 * PRIORITY_UPDATE frame of HTTP/3), however note that the peer might complain if the endpoint sends a frame that refers to a peer-
 * initiated stream for which the peer has not yet sent anything.
 * Invocation of this function might open not only the stream that is referred to by the `stream_id` but also other streams.
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_get_or_open_stream(quicly_conn_t *conn, uint64_t stream_id, quicly_stream_t **stream);
/**
 *
 */
void quicly_reset_stream(quicly_stream_t *stream, quicly_error_t err);
/**
 *
 */
void quicly_request_stop(quicly_stream_t *stream, quicly_error_t err);
/**
 *
 */
static int quicly_stop_requested(quicly_stream_t *stream);
/**
 *
 */
int quicly_stream_sync_sendbuf(quicly_stream_t *stream, int activate);
/**
 *
 */
void quicly_stream_sync_recvbuf(quicly_stream_t *stream, size_t shift_amount);
/**
 *
 */
static uint32_t quicly_stream_get_receive_window(quicly_stream_t *stream);
/**
 *
 */
static void quicly_stream_set_receive_window(quicly_stream_t *stream, uint32_t window);
/**
 *
 */
static int quicly_stream_is_client_initiated(quicly_stream_id_t stream_id);
/**
 *
 */
static int quicly_stream_is_unidirectional(quicly_stream_id_t stream_id);
/**
 *
 */
static int quicly_stream_has_send_side(int is_client, quicly_stream_id_t stream_id);
/**
 *
 */
static int quicly_stream_has_receive_side(int is_client, quicly_stream_id_t stream_id);
/**
 *
 */
static int quicly_stream_is_self_initiated(quicly_stream_t *stream);
/**
 * Sends QUIC DATAGRAM frames. Some of the frames being provided may get dropped.
 * Notes:
 * * At the moment, emission of QUIC packets carrying DATAGRAM frames is not congestion controlled.
 * * While the API is designed to look like synchronous, application still has to call `quicly_send` for the time being.
 */
void quicly_send_datagram_frames(quicly_conn_t *conn, ptls_iovec_t *datagrams, size_t num_datagrams);
/**
 * Sets CC to the specified type. Returns a boolean indicating if the operation was successful.
 */
int quicly_set_cc(quicly_conn_t *conn, quicly_cc_type_t *cc);
/**
 *
 */
void quicly_amend_ptls_context(ptls_context_t *ptls);
/**
 * Encrypts an address token by serializing the plaintext structure and appending an authentication tag.
 *
 * @param random_bytes  PRNG
 * @param aead          the AEAD context to be used for decrypting the token
 * @param buf           buffer to where the token being built is appended
 * @param start_off     Specifies the start offset of the token. When `start_off < buf->off`, the bytes in between will be
 *                      considered as part of the token and will be covered by the AEAD. Applications can use this location to embed
 *                      the identifier of the AEAD key being used.
 * @param plaintext     the token to be encrypted
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_encrypt_address_token(void (*random_bytes)(void *, size_t), ptls_aead_context_t *aead, ptls_buffer_t *buf,
                                            size_t start_off, const quicly_address_token_plaintext_t *plaintext);
/**
 * Decrypts an address token.
 * If decryption succeeds, returns zero. If the token is unusable due to decryption failure, returns PTLS_DECODE_ERROR. If the token
 * is unusable and the connection should be reset, returns QUICLY_ERROR_INVALID_TOKEN.
 */
quicly_error_t quicly_decrypt_address_token(ptls_aead_context_t *aead, quicly_address_token_plaintext_t *plaintext, const void *src,
                                            size_t len, size_t prefix_len, const char **err_desc);
/**
 * Builds authentication data for TLS session ticket. 0-RTT can be accepted only when the auth_data of the original connection and
 * the new connection are identical.
 */
int quicly_build_session_ticket_auth_data(ptls_buffer_t *auth_data, const quicly_context_t *ctx);
/**
 *
 */
static void quicly_byte_to_hex(char *dst, uint8_t v);
/**
 *
 */
socklen_t quicly_get_socklen(struct sockaddr *sa);
/**
 * Builds a safe string. Supplied buffer MUST be 4x + 1 bytes bigger than the input.
 */
char *quicly_escape_unsafe_string(char *dst, const void *bytes, size_t len);
/**
 *
 */
char *quicly_hexdump(const uint8_t *bytes, size_t len, size_t indent);
/**
 *
 */
void quicly_stream_noop_on_destroy(quicly_stream_t *stream, quicly_error_t err);
/**
 *
 */
void quicly_stream_noop_on_send_shift(quicly_stream_t *stream, size_t delta);
/**
 *
 */
void quicly_stream_noop_on_send_emit(quicly_stream_t *stream, size_t off, void *dst, size_t *len, int *wrote_all);
/**
 *
 */
void quicly_stream_noop_on_send_stop(quicly_stream_t *stream, quicly_error_t err);
/**
 *
 */
void quicly_stream_noop_on_receive(quicly_stream_t *stream, size_t off, const void *src, size_t len);
/**
 *
 */
void quicly_stream_noop_on_receive_reset(quicly_stream_t *stream, quicly_error_t err);

extern const quicly_stream_callbacks_t quicly_stream_noop_callbacks;

#define QUICLY_LOG_CONN(_name, _conn, _block)                                                                                      \
    do {                                                                                                                           \
        PTLS_LOG_DEFINE_POINT(quicly, _name, logpoint);                                                                            \
        uint32_t active = ptls_log_point_maybe_active(&logpoint);                                                                  \
        if (PTLS_LIKELY(active == 0))                                                                                              \
            break;                                                                                                                 \
        quicly_conn_t *_c = (_conn);                                                                                               \
        ptls_t *_tls = quicly_get_tls(_c);                                                                                         \
        ptls_log_conn_state_t *conn_state = ptls_get_log_state(_tls);                                                              \
        active &= ptls_log_conn_maybe_active(conn_state, ptls_log_getsni_ptls(_tls));                                              \
        if (PTLS_LIKELY(active == 0))                                                                                              \
            break;                                                                                                                 \
        PTLS_LOG__DO_LOG(quicly, _name, conn_state, ptls_log_getsni_ptls(_tls), _c->stash.now == 0, {                              \
            if (_c->stash.now != 0)                                                                                                \
                PTLS_LOG_ELEMENT_SIGNED(time, _c->stash.now);                                                                      \
            PTLS_LOG_ELEMENT_PTR(conn, _c);                                                                                        \
            if (conn_state->conn_id != 0) {                                                                                        \
                PTLS_LOG_ELEMENT_UNSIGNED(conn_id, conn_state->conn_id);                                                           \
            }                                                                                                                      \
            do {                                                                                                                   \
                _block                                                                                                             \
            } while (0);                                                                                                           \
        });                                                                                                                        \
    } while (0)

/* inline definitions */

inline int quicly_is_supported_version(uint32_t version)
{
    switch (version) {
    case QUICLY_PROTOCOL_VERSION_1:
    case QUICLY_PROTOCOL_VERSION_DRAFT29:
    case QUICLY_PROTOCOL_VERSION_DRAFT27:
        return 1;
    default:
        return 0;
    }
}

inline quicly_state_t quicly_get_state(quicly_conn_t *conn)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return c->state;
}

inline uint32_t quicly_num_streams(quicly_conn_t *conn)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return c->local.bidi.num_streams + c->local.uni.num_streams + c->remote.bidi.num_streams + c->remote.uni.num_streams;
}

inline quicly_context_t *quicly_get_context(quicly_conn_t *conn)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return c->ctx;
}

inline const quicly_cid_plaintext_t *quicly_get_master_id(quicly_conn_t *conn)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return &c->local.cid_set.plaintext;
}

inline const quicly_cid_t *quicly_get_original_dcid(quicly_conn_t *conn)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return &c->original_dcid;
}

inline const quicly_cid_t *quicly_get_remote_cid(quicly_conn_t *conn)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return &c->remote.cid_set.cids[0].cid;
}

inline const quicly_transport_parameters_t *quicly_get_remote_transport_parameters(quicly_conn_t *conn)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return &c->remote.transport_params;
}

inline int quicly_is_client(quicly_conn_t *conn)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return (c->local.bidi.next_stream_id & 1) == 0;
}

inline quicly_stream_id_t quicly_get_local_next_stream_id(quicly_conn_t *conn, int uni)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return uni ? c->local.uni.next_stream_id : c->local.bidi.next_stream_id;
}

inline quicly_stream_id_t quicly_get_remote_next_stream_id(quicly_conn_t *conn, int uni)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return uni ? c->remote.uni.next_stream_id : c->remote.bidi.next_stream_id;
}

inline uint32_t quicly_get_protocol_version(quicly_conn_t *conn)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return c->version;
}

inline void **quicly_get_data(quicly_conn_t *conn)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return &c->data;
}

inline quicly_tracer_t *quicly_get_tracer(quicly_conn_t *conn)
{
    struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *c = (struct _st_quicly_conn_public_t *)conn;
    return &c->tracer;
}

inline int quicly_stop_requested(quicly_stream_t *stream)
{
    return stream->_send_aux.stop_sending.sender_state != QUICLY_SENDER_STATE_NONE;
}

inline uint32_t quicly_stream_get_receive_window(quicly_stream_t *stream)
{
    return stream->_recv_aux.window;
}

inline void quicly_stream_set_receive_window(quicly_stream_t *stream, uint32_t window)
{
    stream->_recv_aux.window = window;
}

inline int quicly_stream_is_client_initiated(quicly_stream_id_t stream_id)
{
    if (stream_id < 0)
        return (stream_id & 1) != 0;
    return (stream_id & 1) == 0;
}

inline int quicly_stream_is_unidirectional(quicly_stream_id_t stream_id)
{
    if (stream_id < 0)
        return 0;
    return (stream_id & 2) != 0;
}

inline int quicly_stream_has_send_side(int is_client, quicly_stream_id_t stream_id)
{
    if (!quicly_stream_is_unidirectional(stream_id))
        return 1;
    return is_client == quicly_stream_is_client_initiated(stream_id);
}

inline int quicly_stream_has_receive_side(int is_client, quicly_stream_id_t stream_id)
{
    if (!quicly_stream_is_unidirectional(stream_id))
        return 1;
    return is_client != quicly_stream_is_client_initiated(stream_id);
}

inline int quicly_stream_is_self_initiated(quicly_stream_t *stream)
{
    return quicly_stream_is_client_initiated(stream->stream_id) == quicly_is_client(stream->conn);
}

inline void quicly_byte_to_hex(char *dst, uint8_t v)
{
    dst[0] = "0123456789abcdef"[v >> 4];
    dst[1] = "0123456789abcdef"[v & 0xf];
}

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif

Coverage Report

Created: 2026-06-15 06:24