// Copyright 2013-2016 The rust-url developers.

//

// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or

// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license

// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your

// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed

// except according to those terms.

//! URLs use special characters to indicate the parts of the request.

//! For example, a `?` question mark marks the end of a path and the start of a query string.

//! In order for that character to exist inside a path, it needs to be encoded differently.

//!

//! Percent encoding replaces reserved characters with the `%` escape character

//! followed by a byte value as two hexadecimal digits.

//! For example, an ASCII space is replaced with `%20`.

//!

//! When encoding, the set of characters that can (and should, for readability) be left alone

//! depends on the context.

//! The `?` question mark mentioned above is not a separator when used literally

//! inside of a query string, and therefore does not need to be encoded.

//! The [`AsciiSet`] parameter of [`percent_encode`] and [`utf8_percent_encode`]

//! lets callers configure this.

//!

//! This crate deliberately does not provide many different sets.

//! Users should consider in what context the encoded string will be used,

//! read relevant specifications, and define their own set.

//! This is done by using the `add` method of an existing set.

//!

//! # Examples

//!

//! ```

//! use percent_encoding::{utf8_percent_encode, AsciiSet, CONTROLS};

//!

//! /// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#fragment-percent-encode-set

//! const FRAGMENT: &AsciiSet = &CONTROLS.add(b' ').add(b'"').add(b'<').add(b'>').add(b'`');

//!

//! assert_eq!(utf8_percent_encode("foo <bar>", FRAGMENT).to_string(), "foo%20%3Cbar%3E");

//! ```

#![no_std]

// For forwards compatibility

#[cfg(feature = "std")]

extern crate std as _;

#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]

extern crate alloc;

#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]

use alloc::{

    borrow::{Cow, ToOwned},

    string::String,

    vec::Vec,

};

use core::{fmt, mem, slice, str};

/// Represents a set of characters or bytes in the ASCII range.

///

/// This is used in [`percent_encode`] and [`utf8_percent_encode`].

/// This is similar to [percent-encode sets](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#percent-encoded-bytes).

///

/// Use the `add` method of an existing set to define a new set. For example:

///

/// ```

/// use percent_encoding::{AsciiSet, CONTROLS};

///

/// /// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#fragment-percent-encode-set

/// const FRAGMENT: &AsciiSet = &CONTROLS.add(b' ').add(b'"').add(b'<').add(b'>').add(b'`');

/// ```

pub struct AsciiSet {

    mask: [Chunk; ASCII_RANGE_LEN / BITS_PER_CHUNK],

}

type Chunk = u32;

const ASCII_RANGE_LEN: usize = 0x80;

const BITS_PER_CHUNK: usize = 8 * mem::size_of::<Chunk>();

impl AsciiSet {

    /// Called with UTF-8 bytes rather than code points.

    /// Not used for non-ASCII bytes.

    const fn contains(&self, byte: u8) -> bool {

        let chunk = self.mask[byte as usize / BITS_PER_CHUNK];

        let mask = 1 << (byte as usize % BITS_PER_CHUNK);

        (chunk & mask) != 0

    }

    fn should_percent_encode(&self, byte: u8) -> bool {

        !byte.is_ascii() || self.contains(byte)

    }

    pub const fn add(&self, byte: u8) -> Self {

        let mut mask = self.mask;

        mask[byte as usize / BITS_PER_CHUNK] |= 1 << (byte as usize % BITS_PER_CHUNK);

        AsciiSet { mask }

    }

    pub const fn remove(&self, byte: u8) -> Self {

        let mut mask = self.mask;

        mask[byte as usize / BITS_PER_CHUNK] &= !(1 << (byte as usize % BITS_PER_CHUNK));

        AsciiSet { mask }

    }

}

/// The set of 0x00 to 0x1F (C0 controls), and 0x7F (DEL).

///

/// Note that this includes the newline and tab characters, but not the space 0x20.

///

/// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#c0-control-percent-encode-set>

pub const CONTROLS: &AsciiSet = &AsciiSet {

    mask: [

        !0_u32, // C0: 0x00 to 0x1F (32 bits set)

        0,

        0,

        1 << (0x7F_u32 % 32), // DEL: 0x7F (one bit set)

    ],

};

macro_rules! static_assert {

    ($( $bool: expr, )+) => {

        fn _static_assert() {

            $(

                let _ = mem::transmute::<[u8; $bool as usize], u8>;

            )+

        }

    }

}

static_assert! {

    CONTROLS.contains(0x00),

    CONTROLS.contains(0x1F),

    !CONTROLS.contains(0x20),

    !CONTROLS.contains(0x7E),

    CONTROLS.contains(0x7F),

}

/// Everything that is not an ASCII letter or digit.

///

/// This is probably more eager than necessary in any context.

pub const NON_ALPHANUMERIC: &AsciiSet = &CONTROLS

    .add(b' ')

    .add(b'!')

    .add(b'"')

    .add(b'#')

    .add(b'$')

    .add(b'%')

    .add(b'&')

    .add(b'\'')

    .add(b'(')

    .add(b')')

    .add(b'*')

    .add(b'+')

    .add(b',')

    .add(b'-')

    .add(b'.')

    .add(b'/')

    .add(b':')

    .add(b';')

    .add(b'<')

    .add(b'=')

    .add(b'>')

    .add(b'?')

    .add(b'@')

    .add(b'[')

    .add(b'\\')

    .add(b']')

    .add(b'^')

    .add(b'_')

    .add(b'`')

    .add(b'{')

    .add(b'|')

    .add(b'}')

    .add(b'~');

/// Return the percent-encoding of the given byte.

///

/// This is unconditional, unlike `percent_encode()` which has an `AsciiSet` parameter.

///

/// # Examples

///

/// ```

/// use percent_encoding::percent_encode_byte;

///

/// assert_eq!("foo bar".bytes().map(percent_encode_byte).collect::<String>(),

///            "%66%6F%6F%20%62%61%72");

/// ```

#[inline]

pub fn percent_encode_byte(byte: u8) -> &'static str {

    static ENC_TABLE: &[u8; 768] = b"\

      %00%01%02%03%04%05%06%07%08%09%0A%0B%0C%0D%0E%0F\

      %10%11%12%13%14%15%16%17%18%19%1A%1B%1C%1D%1E%1F\

      %20%21%22%23%24%25%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2C%2D%2E%2F\

      %30%31%32%33%34%35%36%37%38%39%3A%3B%3C%3D%3E%3F\

      %40%41%42%43%44%45%46%47%48%49%4A%4B%4C%4D%4E%4F\

      %50%51%52%53%54%55%56%57%58%59%5A%5B%5C%5D%5E%5F\

      %60%61%62%63%64%65%66%67%68%69%6A%6B%6C%6D%6E%6F\

      %70%71%72%73%74%75%76%77%78%79%7A%7B%7C%7D%7E%7F\

      %80%81%82%83%84%85%86%87%88%89%8A%8B%8C%8D%8E%8F\

      %90%91%92%93%94%95%96%97%98%99%9A%9B%9C%9D%9E%9F\

      %A0%A1%A2%A3%A4%A5%A6%A7%A8%A9%AA%AB%AC%AD%AE%AF\

      %B0%B1%B2%B3%B4%B5%B6%B7%B8%B9%BA%BB%BC%BD%BE%BF\

      %C0%C1%C2%C3%C4%C5%C6%C7%C8%C9%CA%CB%CC%CD%CE%CF\

      %D0%D1%D2%D3%D4%D5%D6%D7%D8%D9%DA%DB%DC%DD%DE%DF\

      %E0%E1%E2%E3%E4%E5%E6%E7%E8%E9%EA%EB%EC%ED%EE%EF\

      %F0%F1%F2%F3%F4%F5%F6%F7%F8%F9%FA%FB%FC%FD%FE%FF\

      ";

    let index = usize::from(byte) * 3;

    // SAFETY: ENC_TABLE is ascii-only, so any subset if it should be

    // ascii-only too, which is valid utf8.

    unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(&ENC_TABLE[index..index + 3]) }

}

Unexecuted instantiation: percent_encoding::percent_encode_byte

Unexecuted instantiation: percent_encoding::percent_encode_byte

/// Percent-encode the given bytes with the given set.

///

/// Non-ASCII bytes and bytes in `ascii_set` are encoded.

///

/// The return type:

///

/// * Implements `Iterator<Item = &str>` and therefore has a `.collect::<String>()` method,

/// * Implements `Display` and therefore has a `.to_string()` method,

/// * Implements `Into<Cow<str>>` borrowing `input` when none of its bytes are encoded.

///

/// # Examples

///

/// ```

/// use percent_encoding::{percent_encode, NON_ALPHANUMERIC};

///

/// assert_eq!(percent_encode(b"foo bar?", NON_ALPHANUMERIC).to_string(), "foo%20bar%3F");

/// ```

#[inline]

pub fn percent_encode<'a>(input: &'a [u8], ascii_set: &'static AsciiSet) -> PercentEncode<'a> {

    PercentEncode {

        bytes: input,

        ascii_set,

    }

}

Unexecuted instantiation: percent_encoding::percent_encode

Unexecuted instantiation: percent_encoding::percent_encode

Unexecuted instantiation: percent_encoding::percent_encode

/// Percent-encode the UTF-8 encoding of the given string.

///

/// See [`percent_encode`] regarding the return type.

///

/// # Examples

///

/// ```

/// use percent_encoding::{utf8_percent_encode, NON_ALPHANUMERIC};

///

/// assert_eq!(utf8_percent_encode("foo bar?", NON_ALPHANUMERIC).to_string(), "foo%20bar%3F");

/// ```

#[inline]

pub fn utf8_percent_encode<'a>(input: &'a str, ascii_set: &'static AsciiSet) -> PercentEncode<'a> {

    percent_encode(input.as_bytes(), ascii_set)

}

Unexecuted instantiation: percent_encoding::utf8_percent_encode

Unexecuted instantiation: percent_encoding::utf8_percent_encode

/// The return type of [`percent_encode`] and [`utf8_percent_encode`].

#[derive(Clone)]

pub struct PercentEncode<'a> {

    bytes: &'a [u8],

    ascii_set: &'static AsciiSet,

}

impl<'a> Iterator for PercentEncode<'a> {

    type Item = &'a str;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a str> {

        if let Some((&first_byte, remaining)) = self.bytes.split_first() {

            if self.ascii_set.should_percent_encode(first_byte) {

                self.bytes = remaining;

                Some(percent_encode_byte(first_byte))

            } else {

                // The unsafe blocks here are appropriate because the bytes are

                // confirmed as a subset of UTF-8 in should_percent_encode.

                for (i, &byte) in remaining.iter().enumerate() {

                    if self.ascii_set.should_percent_encode(byte) {

                        // 1 for first_byte + i for previous iterations of this loop

                        let (unchanged_slice, remaining) = self.bytes.split_at(1 + i);

                        self.bytes = remaining;

                        return Some(unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(unchanged_slice) });

                    }

                }

                let unchanged_slice = self.bytes;

                self.bytes = &[][..];

                Some(unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(unchanged_slice) })

            }

        } else {

            None

        }

    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {

        if self.bytes.is_empty() {

            (0, Some(0))

        } else {

            (1, Some(self.bytes.len()))

        }

    }

}

impl<'a> fmt::Display for PercentEncode<'a> {

    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {

        for c in (*self).clone() {

            formatter.write_str(c)?

        }

        Ok(())

    }

}

#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]

impl<'a> From<PercentEncode<'a>> for Cow<'a, str> {

    fn from(mut iter: PercentEncode<'a>) -> Self {

        match iter.next() {

            None => "".into(),

            Some(first) => match iter.next() {

                None => first.into(),

                Some(second) => {

                    let mut string = first.to_owned();

                    string.push_str(second);

                    string.extend(iter);

                    string.into()

                }

            },

        }

    }

}

/// Percent-decode the given string.

///

/// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#string-percent-decode>

///

/// See [`percent_decode`] regarding the return type.

#[inline]

pub fn percent_decode_str(input: &str) -> PercentDecode<'_> {

    percent_decode(input.as_bytes())

}

/// Percent-decode the given bytes.

///

/// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#percent-decode>

///

/// Any sequence of `%` followed by two hexadecimal digits is decoded.

/// The return type:

///

/// * Implements `Into<Cow<u8>>` borrowing `input` when it contains no percent-encoded sequence,

/// * Implements `Iterator<Item = u8>` and therefore has a `.collect::<Vec<u8>>()` method,

/// * Has `decode_utf8()` and `decode_utf8_lossy()` methods.

///

/// # Examples

///

/// ```

/// use percent_encoding::percent_decode;

///

/// assert_eq!(percent_decode(b"foo%20bar%3f").decode_utf8().unwrap(), "foo bar?");

/// ```

#[inline]

pub fn percent_decode(input: &[u8]) -> PercentDecode<'_> {

    PercentDecode {

        bytes: input.iter(),

    }

}

Unexecuted instantiation: percent_encoding::percent_decode

Unexecuted instantiation: percent_encoding::percent_decode

Unexecuted instantiation: percent_encoding::percent_decode

Unexecuted instantiation: percent_encoding::percent_decode

/// The return type of [`percent_decode`].

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]

pub struct PercentDecode<'a> {

    bytes: slice::Iter<'a, u8>,

}

fn after_percent_sign(iter: &mut slice::Iter<'_, u8>) -> Option<u8> {

    let mut cloned_iter = iter.clone();

    let h = char::from(*cloned_iter.next()?).to_digit(16)?;

    let l = char::from(*cloned_iter.next()?).to_digit(16)?;

    *iter = cloned_iter;

    Some(h as u8 * 0x10 + l as u8)

}

impl<'a> Iterator for PercentDecode<'a> {

    type Item = u8;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {

        self.bytes.next().map(|&byte| {

            if byte == b'%' {

                after_percent_sign(&mut self.bytes).unwrap_or(byte)

            } else {

                byte

            }

        })

    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {

        let bytes = self.bytes.len();

        ((bytes + 2) / 3, Some(bytes))

    }

}

#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]

impl<'a> From<PercentDecode<'a>> for Cow<'a, [u8]> {

    fn from(iter: PercentDecode<'a>) -> Self {

        match iter.if_any() {

            Some(vec) => Cow::Owned(vec),

            None => Cow::Borrowed(iter.bytes.as_slice()),

        }

    }

}

impl<'a> PercentDecode<'a> {

    /// If the percent-decoding is different from the input, return it as a new bytes vector.

    #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]

    fn if_any(&self) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {

        let mut bytes_iter = self.bytes.clone();

        while bytes_iter.any(|&b| b == b'%') {

            if let Some(decoded_byte) = after_percent_sign(&mut bytes_iter) {

                let initial_bytes = self.bytes.as_slice();

                let unchanged_bytes_len = initial_bytes.len() - bytes_iter.len() - 3;

                let mut decoded = initial_bytes[..unchanged_bytes_len].to_owned();

                decoded.push(decoded_byte);

                decoded.extend(PercentDecode { bytes: bytes_iter });

                return Some(decoded);

            }

        }

        // Nothing to decode

        None

    }

    /// Decode the result of percent-decoding as UTF-8.

    ///

    /// This is return `Err` when the percent-decoded bytes are not well-formed in UTF-8.

    #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]

    pub fn decode_utf8(self) -> Result<Cow<'a, str>, str::Utf8Error> {

        match self.clone().into() {

            Cow::Borrowed(bytes) => match str::from_utf8(bytes) {

                Ok(s) => Ok(s.into()),

                Err(e) => Err(e),

            },

            Cow::Owned(bytes) => match String::from_utf8(bytes) {

                Ok(s) => Ok(s.into()),

                Err(e) => Err(e.utf8_error()),

            },

        }

    }

    /// Decode the result of percent-decoding as UTF-8, lossily.

    ///

    /// Invalid UTF-8 percent-encoded byte sequences will be replaced � U+FFFD,

    /// the replacement character.

    #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]

    pub fn decode_utf8_lossy(self) -> Cow<'a, str> {

        decode_utf8_lossy(self.clone().into())

    }

}

#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]

fn decode_utf8_lossy(input: Cow<'_, [u8]>) -> Cow<'_, str> {

    // Note: This function is duplicated in `form_urlencoded/src/query_encoding.rs`.

    match input {

        Cow::Borrowed(bytes) => String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes),

        Cow::Owned(bytes) => {

            match String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes) {

                Cow::Borrowed(utf8) => {

                    // If from_utf8_lossy returns a Cow::Borrowed, then we can

                    // be sure our original bytes were valid UTF-8. This is because

                    // if the bytes were invalid UTF-8 from_utf8_lossy would have

                    // to allocate a new owned string to back the Cow so it could

                    // replace invalid bytes with a placeholder.

                    // First we do a debug_assert to confirm our description above.

                    let raw_utf8: *const [u8] = utf8.as_bytes();

                    debug_assert!(raw_utf8 == &*bytes as *const [u8]);

                    // Given we know the original input bytes are valid UTF-8,

                    // and we have ownership of those bytes, we re-use them and

                    // return a Cow::Owned here.

                    Cow::Owned(unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(bytes) })

                }

                Cow::Owned(s) => Cow::Owned(s),

            }

        }

    }

}