URLName.java
/*
* Copyright (c) 1997, 2023 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*
* This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
* terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0, which is available at
* http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
*
* This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
* Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the
* Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License,
* version 2 with the GNU Classpath Exception, which is available at
* https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0 WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
*/
package jakarta.mail;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.BitSet;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Objects;
/**
* The name of a URL. This class represents a URL name and also
* provides the basic parsing functionality to parse most internet
* standard URL schemes. <p>
*
* Note that this class differs from <code>java.net.URL</code>
* in that this class just represents the name of a URL, it does
* not model the connection to a URL.
*
* @author Christopher Cotton
* @author Bill Shannon
*/
public class URLName {
/**
* The full version of the URL
*/
protected String fullURL;
/**
* The protocol to use (ftp, http, nntp, imap, pop3 ... etc.) .
*/
private String protocol;
/**
* The username to use when connecting
*/
private String username;
/**
* The password to use when connecting.
*/
private String password;
/**
* The host name to which to connect.
*/
private String host;
/**
* The host's IP address, used in equals and hashCode.
* Computed on demand.
*/
private InetAddress hostAddress;
private boolean hostAddressKnown = false;
/**
* The protocol port to connect to.
*/
private int port = -1;
/**
* The specified file name on that host.
*/
private String file;
/**
* # reference.
*/
private String ref;
/**
* Our hash code.
*/
private int hashCode = 0;
/**
* A way to turn off encoding, just in case...
*/
private static boolean doEncode = true;
static {
try {
doEncode = !Boolean.getBoolean("mail.URLName.dontencode");
} catch (Exception ex) {
// ignore any errors
}
}
/**
* Creates a URLName object from the specified protocol,
* host, port number, file, username, and password. Specifying a port
* number of -1 indicates that the URL should use the default port for
* the protocol.
*
* @param protocol the protocol
* @param host the host name
* @param port the port number
* @param file the file
* @param username the user name
* @param password the password
*/
public URLName(
String protocol,
String host,
int port,
String file,
String username,
String password
) {
this.protocol = protocol;
this.host = host;
this.port = port;
int refStart;
if (file != null && (refStart = file.indexOf('#')) != -1) {
this.file = file.substring(0, refStart);
this.ref = file.substring(refStart + 1);
} else {
this.file = file;
this.ref = null;
}
this.username = doEncode ? encode(username) : username;
this.password = doEncode ? encode(password) : password;
}
/**
* Construct a URLName from a java.net.URL object.
*
* @param url the URL
*/
public URLName(URL url) {
this(url.toString());
}
/**
* Construct a URLName from the string. Parses out all the possible
* information (protocol, host, port, file, username, password).
*
* @param url the URL string
*/
public URLName(String url) {
parseString(url);
}
/**
* Constructs a string representation of this URLName.
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
if (fullURL == null) {
// add the "protocol:"
StringBuilder tempURL = new StringBuilder();
if (protocol != null) {
tempURL.append(protocol);
tempURL.append(":");
}
if (username != null || host != null) {
// add the "//"
tempURL.append("//");
// add the user:password@
// XXX - can you just have a password? without a username?
if (username != null) {
tempURL.append(username);
if (password != null) {
tempURL.append(":");
tempURL.append(password);
}
tempURL.append("@");
}
// add host
if (host != null) {
tempURL.append(host);
}
// add port (if needed)
if (port != -1) {
tempURL.append(":");
tempURL.append(port);
}
if (file != null)
tempURL.append("/");
}
// add the file
if (file != null) {
tempURL.append(file);
}
// add the ref
if (ref != null) {
tempURL.append("#");
tempURL.append(ref);
}
// create the fullURL now
fullURL = tempURL.toString();
}
return fullURL;
}
/**
* Method which does all of the work of parsing the string.
*
* @param url the URL string to parse
*/
protected void parseString(String url) {
// initialize everything in case called from subclass
// (URLName really should be a final class)
protocol = file = ref = host = username = password = null;
port = -1;
int len = url.length();
// find the protocol
// XXX - should check for only legal characters before the colon
// (legal: a-z, A-Z, 0-9, "+", ".", "-")
int protocolEnd = url.indexOf(':');
if (protocolEnd != -1)
protocol = url.substring(0, protocolEnd);
// is this an Internet standard URL that contains a host name?
if (url.regionMatches(protocolEnd + 1, "//", 0, 2)) {
// find where the file starts
String fullhost = null;
int fileStart = url.indexOf('/', protocolEnd + 3);
if (fileStart != -1) {
fullhost = url.substring(protocolEnd + 3, fileStart);
if (fileStart + 1 < len)
file = url.substring(fileStart + 1);
else
file = "";
} else
fullhost = url.substring(protocolEnd + 3);
// examine the fullhost, for username password etc.
int i = fullhost.indexOf('@');
if (i != -1) {
String fulluserpass = fullhost.substring(0, i);
fullhost = fullhost.substring(i + 1);
// get user and password
int passindex = fulluserpass.indexOf(':');
if (passindex != -1) {
username = fulluserpass.substring(0, passindex);
password = fulluserpass.substring(passindex + 1);
} else {
username = fulluserpass;
}
}
// get the port (if there)
int portindex;
if (fullhost.length() > 0 && fullhost.charAt(0) == '[') {
// an IPv6 address?
portindex = fullhost.indexOf(':', fullhost.indexOf(']'));
} else {
portindex = fullhost.indexOf(':');
}
if (portindex != -1) {
String portstring = fullhost.substring(portindex + 1);
if (portstring.length() > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.parseInt(portstring);
} catch (NumberFormatException nfex) {
port = -1;
}
}
host = fullhost.substring(0, portindex);
} else {
host = fullhost;
}
} else {
if (protocolEnd + 1 < len)
file = url.substring(protocolEnd + 1);
}
// extract the reference from the file name, if any
int refStart;
if (file != null && (refStart = file.indexOf('#')) != -1) {
ref = file.substring(refStart + 1);
file = file.substring(0, refStart);
}
}
/**
* Returns the port number of this URLName.
* Returns -1 if the port is not set.
*
* @return the port number
*/
public int getPort() {
return port;
}
/**
* Returns the protocol of this URLName.
* Returns null if this URLName has no protocol.
*
* @return the protocol
*/
public String getProtocol() {
return protocol;
}
/**
* Returns the file name of this URLName.
* Returns null if this URLName has no file name.
*
* @return the file name of this URLName
*/
public String getFile() {
return file;
}
/**
* Returns the reference of this URLName.
* Returns null if this URLName has no reference.
*
* @return the reference part of the URLName
*/
public String getRef() {
return ref;
}
/**
* Returns the host of this URLName.
* Returns null if this URLName has no host.
*
* @return the host name
*/
public String getHost() {
return host;
}
/**
* Returns the user name of this URLName.
* Returns null if this URLName has no user name.
*
* @return the user name
*/
public String getUsername() {
return doEncode ? decode(username) : username;
}
/**
* Returns the password of this URLName.
* Returns null if this URLName has no password.
*
* @return the password
*/
public String getPassword() {
return doEncode ? decode(password) : password;
}
/**
* Constructs a URL from the URLName.
*
* @return the URL
* @throws MalformedURLException if the URL is malformed
*/
public URL getURL() throws MalformedURLException {
// URL expects the file to include the separating "/"
String f = getFile();
if (f == null)
f = "";
else
f = "/" + f;
return new URL(getProtocol(), getHost(), getPort(), f);
}
/**
* Compares two URLNames. The result is true if and only if the
* argument is not null and is a URLName object that represents the
* same URLName as this object. Two URLName objects are equal if
* they have the same protocol and the same host,
* the same port number on the host, the same username,
* and the same file on the host. The fields (host, username,
* file) are also considered the same if they are both
* null. <p>
*
* Hosts are considered equal if the names are equal (case independent)
* or if host name lookups for them both succeed and they both reference
* the same IP address. <p>
*
* Note that URLName has no knowledge of default port numbers for
* particular protocols, so "imap://host" and "imap://host:143"
* would not compare as equal. <p>
*
* Note also that the password field is not included in the comparison,
* nor is any reference field appended to the filename.
*/
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (!(obj instanceof URLName))
return false;
URLName u2 = (URLName) obj;
// compare protocols
if (!(Objects.equals(protocol, u2.protocol)))
return false;
// compare hosts
InetAddress a1 = getHostAddress(), a2 = u2.getHostAddress();
// if we have internet address for both, and they're not the same, fail
if (a1 != null && a2 != null) {
if (!a1.equals(a2))
return false;
// else, if we have host names for both, and they're not the same, fail
} else if (host != null && u2.host != null) {
if (!host.equalsIgnoreCase(u2.host))
return false;
// else, if not both null
} else if (host != u2.host) {
return false;
}
// at this point, hosts match
// compare usernames
if (!(Objects.equals(username, u2.username)))
return false;
// Forget about password since it doesn't
// really denote a different store.
// compare files
String f1 = file == null ? "" : file;
String f2 = u2.file == null ? "" : u2.file;
if (!f1.equals(f2))
return false;
// compare ports
if (port != u2.port)
return false;
// all comparisons succeeded, they're equal
return true;
}
/**
* Compute the hash code for this URLName.
*/
@Override
public int hashCode() {
if (hashCode != 0)
return hashCode;
if (protocol != null)
hashCode += protocol.hashCode();
InetAddress addr = getHostAddress();
if (addr != null)
hashCode += addr.hashCode();
else if (host != null)
hashCode += host.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH).hashCode();
if (username != null)
hashCode += username.hashCode();
if (file != null)
hashCode += file.hashCode();
hashCode += port;
return hashCode;
}
/**
* Get the IP address of our host. Look up the
* name the first time and remember that we've done
* so, whether the lookup fails or not.
*/
private synchronized InetAddress getHostAddress() {
if (hostAddressKnown)
return hostAddress;
if (host == null)
return null;
try {
hostAddress = InetAddress.getByName(host);
} catch (UnknownHostException ex) {
hostAddress = null;
}
hostAddressKnown = true;
return hostAddress;
}
/**
* The class contains a utility method for converting a
* <code>String</code> into a MIME format called
* "<code>x-www-form-urlencoded</code>" format.
* <p>
* To convert a <code>String</code>, each character is examined in turn:
* <ul>
* <li>The ASCII characters '<code>a</code>' through '<code>z</code>',
* '<code>A</code>' through '<code>Z</code>', '<code>0</code>'
* through '<code>9</code>', and ".", "-",
* "*", "_" remain the same.
* <li>The space character '<code> </code>' is converted into a
* plus sign '<code>+</code>'.
* <li>All other characters are converted into the 3-character string
* "<code>%<i>xy</i></code>", where <i>xy</i> is the two-digit
* hexadecimal representation of the lower 8-bits of the character.
* </ul>
*
* @author Herb Jellinek
* @since JDK1.0
*/
static BitSet dontNeedEncoding;
static final int caseDiff = ('a' - 'A');
/* The list of characters that are not encoded have been determined by
referencing O'Reilly's "HTML: The Definitive Guide" (page 164). */
static {
dontNeedEncoding = new BitSet(256);
int i;
for (i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++) {
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
for (i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; i++) {
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
for (i = '0'; i <= '9'; i++) {
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
/* encoding a space to a + is done in the encode() method */
dontNeedEncoding.set(' ');
dontNeedEncoding.set('-');
dontNeedEncoding.set('_');
dontNeedEncoding.set('.');
dontNeedEncoding.set('*');
}
/**
* Translates a string into <code>x-www-form-urlencoded</code> format.
*
* @param s <code>String</code> to be translated.
* @return the translated <code>String</code>.
*/
static String encode(String s) {
if (s == null)
return null;
// the common case is no encoding is needed
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
int c = s.charAt(i);
if (c == ' ' || !dontNeedEncoding.get(c))
return _encode(s);
}
return s;
}
private static String _encode(String s) {
int maxBytesPerChar = 10;
StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(s.length());
ByteArrayOutputStream buf = new ByteArrayOutputStream(maxBytesPerChar);
OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(buf);
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
int c = s.charAt(i);
if (dontNeedEncoding.get(c)) {
if (c == ' ') {
c = '+';
}
out.append((char) c);
} else {
// convert to external encoding before hex conversion
try {
writer.write(c);
writer.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
buf.reset();
continue;
}
byte[] ba = buf.toByteArray();
for (int j = 0; j < ba.length; j++) {
out.append('%');
char ch = Character.forDigit((ba[j] >> 4) & 0xF, 16);
// converting to use uppercase letter as part of
// the hex value if ch is a letter.
if (Character.isLetter(ch)) {
ch -= caseDiff;
}
out.append(ch);
ch = Character.forDigit(ba[j] & 0xF, 16);
if (Character.isLetter(ch)) {
ch -= caseDiff;
}
out.append(ch);
}
buf.reset();
}
}
return out.toString();
}
/*
* The class contains a utility method for converting from
* a MIME format called "<code>x-www-form-urlencoded</code>"
* to a <code>String</code>
* <p>
* To convert to a <code>String</code>, each character is examined in turn:
* <ul>
* <li>The ASCII characters '<code>a</code>' through '<code>z</code>',
* '<code>A</code>' through '<code>Z</code>', and '<code>0</code>'
* through '<code>9</code>' remain the same.
* <li>The plus sign '<code>+</code>'is converted into a
* space character '<code> </code>'.
* <li>The remaining characters are represented by 3-character
* strings which begin with the percent sign,
* "<code>%<i>xy</i></code>", where <i>xy</i> is the two-digit
* hexadecimal representation of the lower 8-bits of the character.
* </ul>
*
* @author Mark Chamness
* @author Michael McCloskey
* @since 1.2
*/
/**
* Decodes a "x-www-form-urlencoded"
* to a <code>String</code>.
*
* @param s the <code>String</code> to decode
* @return the newly decoded <code>String</code>
*/
static String decode(String s) {
if (s == null)
return null;
if (indexOfAny(s, "+%") == -1)
return s; // the common case
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
char c = s.charAt(i);
switch (c) {
case '+':
sb.append(' ');
break;
case '%':
try {
sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(
s.substring(i + 1, i + 3), 16));
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Illegal URL encoded value: " +
s.substring(i, i + 3));
}
i += 2;
break;
default:
sb.append(c);
break;
}
}
// Undo conversion to external encoding
String result = sb.toString();
byte[] inputBytes = result.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
result = new String(inputBytes);
return result;
}
/**
* Return the first index of any of the characters in "any" in "s",
* or -1 if none are found.
*
* This should be a method on String.
*/
private static int indexOfAny(String s, String any) {
return indexOfAny(s, any, 0);
}
private static int indexOfAny(String s, String any, int start) {
try {
int len = s.length();
for (int i = start; i < len; i++) {
if (any.indexOf(s.charAt(i)) >= 0)
return i;
}
return -1;
} catch (StringIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
return -1;
}
}
/*
// Do not remove, this is needed when testing new URL cases
public static void main(String[] argv) {
String [] testURLNames = {
"protocol://userid:password@host:119/file",
"http://funny/folder/file.html",
"http://funny/folder/file.html#ref",
"http://funny/folder/file.html#",
"http://funny/#ref",
"imap://jmr:secret@labyrinth//var/mail/jmr",
"nntp://fred@labyrinth:143/save/it/now.mbox",
"imap://jmr@labyrinth/INBOX",
"imap://labryrinth",
"imap://labryrinth/",
"file:",
"file:INBOX",
"file:/home/shannon/mail/foo",
"/tmp/foo",
"//host/tmp/foo",
":/tmp/foo",
"/really/weird:/tmp/foo#bar",
""
};
URLName url =
new URLName("protocol", "host", 119, "file", "userid", "password");
System.out.println("Test URL: " + url.toString());
if (argv.length == 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < testURLNames.length; i++) {
print(testURLNames[i]);
System.out.println();
}
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < argv.length; i++) {
print(argv[i]);
System.out.println();
}
if (argv.length == 2) {
URLName u1 = new URLName(argv[0]);
URLName u2 = new URLName(argv[1]);
System.out.println("URL1 hash code: " + u1.hashCode());
System.out.println("URL2 hash code: " + u2.hashCode());
if (u1.equals(u2))
System.out.println("success, equal");
else
System.out.println("fail, not equal");
if (u2.equals(u1))
System.out.println("success, equal");
else
System.out.println("fail, not equal");
if (u1.hashCode() == u2.hashCode())
System.out.println("success, hashCodes equal");
else
System.out.println("fail, hashCodes not equal");
}
}
}
private static void print(String name) {
URLName url = new URLName(name);
System.out.println("Original URL: " + name);
System.out.println("The fullUrl : " + url.toString());
if (!name.equals(url.toString()))
System.out.println(" : NOT EQUAL!");
System.out.println("The protocol is: " + url.getProtocol());
System.out.println("The host is: " + url.getHost());
System.out.println("The port is: " + url.getPort());
System.out.println("The user is: " + url.getUsername());
System.out.println("The password is: " + url.getPassword());
System.out.println("The file is: " + url.getFile());
System.out.println("The ref is: " + url.getRef());
}
*/
}