// Copyright 2013-2026 Daniel Parker

// Distributed under the Boost license, Version 1.0.

// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

// See https://github.com/danielaparker/jsoncons for latest version

#ifndef JSONCONS_EXT_UBJSON_UBJSON_ENCODER_HPP

#define JSONCONS_EXT_UBJSON_UBJSON_ENCODER_HPP

#include <cstddef>

#include <cstdint>

#include <limits> // std::numeric_limits

#include <memory>

#include <system_error>

#include <utility> // std::move

#include <vector>

#include <jsoncons/config/compiler_support.hpp>

#include <jsoncons/config/jsoncons_config.hpp>

#include <jsoncons/utility/read_number.hpp>

#include <jsoncons/json_exception.hpp>

#include <jsoncons/json_type.hpp>

#include <jsoncons/json_visitor.hpp>

#include <jsoncons/semantic_tag.hpp>

#include <jsoncons/ser_util.hpp>

#include <jsoncons/sink.hpp>

#include <jsoncons/utility/binary.hpp>

#include <jsoncons/utility/unicode_traits.hpp>

#include <jsoncons_ext/ubjson/ubjson_error.hpp>

#include <jsoncons_ext/ubjson/ubjson_options.hpp>

#include <jsoncons_ext/ubjson/ubjson_type.hpp>

namespace jsoncons { 

namespace ubjson {

enum class ubjson_container_type {object, indefinite_length_object, array, indefinite_length_array};

template <typename Sink=jsoncons::binary_stream_sink,typename Allocator=std::allocator<char>>

class basic_ubjson_encoder final : public basic_json_visitor<char>

{

    enum class decimal_parse_state { start, integer, exp1, exp2, fraction1 };

public:

    using allocator_type = Allocator;

    using typename basic_json_visitor<char>::string_view_type;

    using sink_type = Sink;

private:

    struct stack_item

    {

        ubjson_container_type type_;

        std::size_t length_{0};

        std::size_t count_{0};

        stack_item(ubjson_container_type type, std::size_t length = 0) noexcept

           : type_(type), length_(length)

        {

        }

        ~stack_item() = default;

        std::size_t length() const

        {

            return length_;

        }

        std::size_t count() const

        {

            return count_;

        }

        bool is_object() const

        {

            return type_ == ubjson_container_type::object || type_ == ubjson_container_type::indefinite_length_object;

        }

        bool is_indefinite_length() const

        {

            return type_ == ubjson_container_type::indefinite_length_array || type_ == ubjson_container_type::indefinite_length_object;

        }

    };

    Sink sink_;

    int max_nesting_depth_;

    allocator_type alloc_;

    std::vector<stack_item> stack_;

    int nesting_depth_{0};

public:

    // Noncopyable and nonmoveable

    basic_ubjson_encoder(const basic_ubjson_encoder&) = delete;

    basic_ubjson_encoder(basic_ubjson_encoder&&) = delete;

    basic_ubjson_encoder(Sink&& sink, 

                         const Allocator& alloc = Allocator())

       : basic_ubjson_encoder(std::forward<Sink>(sink), ubjson_encode_options(), alloc)

    {

    }

    explicit basic_ubjson_encoder(Sink&& sink, 

                                  const ubjson_encode_options& options, 

                                  const Allocator& alloc = Allocator())

       : sink_(std::forward<Sink>(sink)),

         max_nesting_depth_(options.max_nesting_depth()),

         alloc_(alloc)

    {

    }

    ~basic_ubjson_encoder() noexcept

    {

        JSONCONS_TRY

        {

            sink_.flush();

        }

        JSONCONS_CATCH(...)

        {

        }

    }

    basic_ubjson_encoder& operator=(const basic_ubjson_encoder&) = delete;

    basic_ubjson_encoder& operator=(basic_ubjson_encoder&&) = delete;

    void reset()

    {

        stack_.clear();

        nesting_depth_ = 0;

    }

    void reset(Sink&& sink)

    {

        sink_ = std::move(sink);

        reset();

    }

private:

    // Implementing methods

    void visit_flush() override

    {

        sink_.flush();

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_begin_object(semantic_tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override

    {

        if (JSONCONS_UNLIKELY(++nesting_depth_ > max_nesting_depth_))

        {

            ec = ubjson_errc::max_nesting_depth_exceeded;

            JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

        } 

        stack_.emplace_back(ubjson_container_type::indefinite_length_object);

        sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::start_object_marker);

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_begin_object(std::size_t length, semantic_tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override

    {

        if (JSONCONS_UNLIKELY(++nesting_depth_ > max_nesting_depth_))

        {

            ec = ubjson_errc::max_nesting_depth_exceeded;

            JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

        } 

        stack_.emplace_back(ubjson_container_type::object, length);

        sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::start_object_marker);

        sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::count_marker);

        put_length(length);

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_end_object(const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override

    {

        JSONCONS_ASSERT(!stack_.empty());

        --nesting_depth_;

        if (stack_.back().is_indefinite_length())

        {

            sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::end_object_marker);

        }

        else

        {

            if (stack_.back().count() < stack_.back().length())

            {

                ec = ubjson_errc::too_few_items;

                JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

            }

            if (stack_.back().count() > stack_.back().length())

            {

                ec = ubjson_errc::too_many_items;

                JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

            }

        }

        stack_.pop_back();

        end_value();

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_begin_array(semantic_tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override

    {

        if (JSONCONS_UNLIKELY(++nesting_depth_ > max_nesting_depth_))

        {

            ec = ubjson_errc::max_nesting_depth_exceeded;

            JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

        } 

        stack_.emplace_back(ubjson_container_type::indefinite_length_array);

        sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::start_array_marker);

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_begin_array(std::size_t length, semantic_tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override

    {

        if (JSONCONS_UNLIKELY(++nesting_depth_ > max_nesting_depth_))

        {

            ec = ubjson_errc::max_nesting_depth_exceeded;

            JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

        } 

        stack_.emplace_back(ubjson_container_type::array, length);

        sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::start_array_marker);

        sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::count_marker);

        put_length(length);

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_end_array(const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override

    {

        JSONCONS_ASSERT(!stack_.empty());

        --nesting_depth_;

        if (stack_.back().is_indefinite_length())

        {

            sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::end_array_marker);

        }

        else

        {

            if (stack_.back().count() < stack_.back().length())

            {

                ec = ubjson_errc::too_few_items;

                JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

            }

            if (stack_.back().count() > stack_.back().length())

            {

                ec = ubjson_errc::too_many_items;

                JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

            }

        }

        stack_.pop_back();

        end_value();

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_key(const string_view_type& name, const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override

    {

        auto sink = unicode_traits::validate(name.data(), name.size());

        if (sink.ec != unicode_traits::conv_errc())

        {

            ec = ubjson_errc::invalid_utf8_text_string;

            JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

        }

        put_length(name.length());

        for (auto c : name)

        {

            sink_.push_back(c);

        }

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_null(semantic_tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code&) override

    {

        // nil

        binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::null_type), std::back_inserter(sink_));

        end_value();

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_string(const string_view_type& sv, semantic_tag tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override

    {

        switch (tag)

        {

            case semantic_tag::bigint:

            case semantic_tag::bigdec:

            {

                sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::high_precision_number_type);

                break;

            }

            default:

            {

                sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::string_type);

                break;

            }

        }

        auto sink = unicode_traits::validate(sv.data(), sv.size());

        if (sink.ec != unicode_traits::conv_errc())

        {

            ec = ubjson_errc::invalid_utf8_text_string;

            JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

        }

        put_length(sv.length());

        for (auto c : sv)

        {

            sink_.push_back(c);

        }

        end_value();

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    void put_length(std::size_t length)

    {

        if (length <= (std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max)())

        {

            sink_.push_back(ubjson_type::uint8_type);

            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(length), std::back_inserter(sink_));

        }

        else if (length <= (std::size_t)(std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max)())

        {

            sink_.push_back(ubjson_type::int16_type);

            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint16_t>(length), std::back_inserter(sink_));

        }

        else if (length <= (std::size_t)(std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max)())

        {

            sink_.push_back(ubjson_type::int32_type);

            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint32_t>(length),std::back_inserter(sink_));

        }

        else if (length <= (std::size_t)(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max)())

        {

            sink_.push_back(ubjson_type::int64_type);

            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint64_t>(length),std::back_inserter(sink_));

        }

        else

        {

            JSONCONS_THROW(ser_error(ubjson_errc::too_many_items));

        }

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_byte_string(const byte_string_view& b, 

                              semantic_tag, 

                              const ser_context&,

                              std::error_code&) override

    {

        const size_t length = b.size();

        sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::start_array_marker);

        sink_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::type_marker));

        sink_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::uint8_type));

        sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::count_marker);

        put_length(length);

        for (auto c : b)

        {

            sink_.push_back(c);

        }

        end_value();

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_double(double val, 

                         semantic_tag,

                         const ser_context&,

                         std::error_code&) override

    {

        float valf = (float)val;

        if ((double)valf == val)

        {

            // float 32

            sink_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::float32_type));

            binary::native_to_big(valf,std::back_inserter(sink_));

        }

        else

        {

            // float 64

            sink_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::float64_type));

            binary::native_to_big(val,std::back_inserter(sink_));

        }

        // write double

        end_value();

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_int64(int64_t val, semantic_tag, const ser_context&, 

        std::error_code&) override

    {

        if (val >= 0)

        {

            if (val <= (std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max)())

            {

                // uint 8 stores a 8-bit unsigned integer

                sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::uint8_type);

                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(val),std::back_inserter(sink_));

            }

            else if (val <= (std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max)())

            {

                // uint 16 stores a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer

                sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::int16_type);

                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<int16_t>(val),std::back_inserter(sink_));

            }

            else if (val <= (std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max)())

            {

                // uint 32 stores a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer

                sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::int32_type);

                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<int32_t>(val),std::back_inserter(sink_));

            }

            else if (val <= (std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max)())

            {

                // int 64 stores a 64-bit big-endian signed integer

                sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::int64_type);

                binary::native_to_big(val,std::back_inserter(sink_));

            }

            else

            {

                // big integer

            }

        }

        else

        {

            if (val >= (std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::lowest)())

            {

                // int 8 stores a 8-bit signed integer

                sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::int8_type);

                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<int8_t>(val),std::back_inserter(sink_));

            }

            else if (val >= (std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::lowest)())

            {

                // int 16 stores a 16-bit big-endian signed integer

                sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::int16_type);

                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<int16_t>(val),std::back_inserter(sink_));

            }

            else if (val >= (std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::lowest)())

            {

                // int 32 stores a 32-bit big-endian signed integer

                sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::int32_type);

                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<int32_t>(val),std::back_inserter(sink_));

            }

            else if (val >= (std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::lowest)())

            {

                // int 64 stores a 64-bit big-endian signed integer

                sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::int64_type);

                binary::native_to_big(val,std::back_inserter(sink_));

            }

        }

        end_value();

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_uint64(uint64_t val, 

                      semantic_tag, 

                      const ser_context&,

                      std::error_code&) override

    {

        if (val <= (std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max)())

        {

            sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::uint8_type);

            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(val),std::back_inserter(sink_));

        }

        else if (val <= static_cast<uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max)()))

        {

            sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::int16_type);

            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<int16_t>(val),std::back_inserter(sink_));

        }

        else if (val <= static_cast<uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max)()))

        {

            sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::int32_type);

            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<int32_t>(val),std::back_inserter(sink_));

        }

        else if (val <= static_cast<uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max)()))

        {

            sink_.push_back(jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::int64_type);

            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<int64_t>(val),std::back_inserter(sink_));

        }

        end_value();

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN_TYPE visit_bool(bool val, semantic_tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code&) override

    {

        // true and false

        sink_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(val ? jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::true_type : jsoncons::ubjson::ubjson_type::false_type));

        end_value();

        JSONCONS_VISITOR_RETURN;

    }

    void end_value()

    {

        if (!stack_.empty())

        {

            ++stack_.back().count_;

        }

    }

};

using ubjson_stream_encoder = basic_ubjson_encoder<jsoncons::binary_stream_sink>;

using ubjson_bytes_encoder = basic_ubjson_encoder<jsoncons::bytes_sink<std::vector<uint8_t>>>;

} // namespace ubjson

} // namespace jsoncons

#endif // JSONCONS_EXT_UBJSON_UBJSON_ENCODER_HPP