Coverage Report

Created: 2026-07-30 06:27

next uncovered line (L), next uncovered region (R), next uncovered branch (B)
/work/vvenc/source/Lib/EncoderLib/BinEncoder.cpp
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Count
Source
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/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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The copyright in this software is being made available under the Clear BSD
3
License, included below. No patent rights, trademark rights and/or 
4
other Intellectual Property Rights other than the copyrights concerning 
5
the Software are granted under this license.
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The Clear BSD License
8
9
Copyright (c) 2019-2026, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. & The VVenC Authors.
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All rights reserved.
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
13
are permitted (subject to the limitations in the disclaimer below) provided that
14
the following conditions are met:
15
16
     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
17
     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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19
     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
20
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
21
     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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     * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
24
     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
25
     software without specific prior written permission.
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27
NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED LICENSES TO ANY PARTY'S PATENT RIGHTS ARE GRANTED BY
28
THIS LICENSE. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
29
CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
30
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
31
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
32
CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
33
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
34
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
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BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
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IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
38
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
42
43
44
45
#include "BinEncoder.h"
46
#include "CommonLib/Rom.h"
47
#include "CommonLib/dtrace_next.h"
48
49
//! \ingroup EncoderLib
50
//! \{
51
52
namespace vvenc {
53
54
BinCounter::BinCounter()
55
4.86k
  : m_CtxBinsCodedBuffer( Ctx::NumberOfContexts )
56
4.86k
  , m_NumBinsCtx        ( m_CtxBinsCodedBuffer.data() )
57
4.86k
  , m_NumBinsEP         ( 0 )
58
4.86k
  , m_NumBinsTrm        ( 0 )
59
4.86k
{}
60
61
62
void BinCounter::reset()
63
1.21k
{
64
449k
  for( std::size_t k = 0; k < m_CtxBinsCodedBuffer.size(); k++ )
65
448k
  {
66
448k
    m_NumBinsCtx[k] = 0;
67
448k
  }
68
1.21k
  m_NumBinsEP       = 0;
69
1.21k
  m_NumBinsTrm      = 0;
70
1.21k
}
71
72
73
uint32_t BinCounter::getAll() const
74
1.21k
{
75
1.21k
  uint32_t  count = m_NumBinsEP + m_NumBinsTrm;
76
449k
  for( std::size_t k = 0; k < m_CtxBinsCodedBuffer.size(); k++ )
77
448k
  {
78
448k
    count += m_NumBinsCtx[k];
79
448k
  }
80
1.21k
  return count;
81
1.21k
}
82
83
84
85
BinEncoderBase::BinEncoderBase( const BinProbModel* dummy )
86
4.86k
  : BinEncIf          ( dummy )
87
4.86k
  , m_Bitstream       ( 0 )
88
4.86k
  , m_Low             ( 0 )
89
4.86k
  , m_Range           ( 0 )
90
4.86k
  , m_bufferedByte    ( 0 )
91
4.86k
  , m_numBufferedBytes( 0 )
92
4.86k
  , m_bitsLeft        ( 0 )
93
4.86k
{}
94
95
void BinEncoderBase::init( OutputBitstream* bitstream )
96
3.82k
{
97
3.82k
  m_Bitstream = bitstream;
98
3.82k
}
99
100
void BinEncoderBase::uninit()
101
0
{
102
0
  m_Bitstream = 0;
103
0
}
104
105
void BinEncoderBase::start()
106
1.21k
{
107
1.21k
  m_Low               = 0;
108
1.21k
  m_Range             = 510;
109
1.21k
  m_bufferedByte      = 0xff;
110
1.21k
  m_numBufferedBytes  = 0;
111
1.21k
  m_bitsLeft          = 23;
112
1.21k
  BinCounter::reset();
113
1.21k
  m_BinStore. reset();
114
1.21k
}
115
116
void BinEncoderBase::finish()
117
1.21k
{
118
1.21k
  if( m_Low >> ( 32 - m_bitsLeft ) )
119
7
  {
120
7
    m_Bitstream->write( m_bufferedByte + 1, 8 );
121
8
    while( m_numBufferedBytes > 1 )
122
1
    {
123
1
      m_Bitstream->write( 0x00, 8 );
124
1
      m_numBufferedBytes--;
125
1
    }
126
7
    m_Low -= 1 << ( 32 - m_bitsLeft );
127
7
  }
128
1.20k
  else
129
1.20k
  {
130
1.20k
    if( m_numBufferedBytes > 0 )
131
1.20k
    {
132
1.20k
      m_Bitstream->write( m_bufferedByte, 8 );
133
1.20k
    }
134
1.22k
    while( m_numBufferedBytes > 1 )
135
15
    {
136
15
      m_Bitstream->write( 0xff, 8 );
137
15
      m_numBufferedBytes--;
138
15
    }
139
1.20k
  }
140
1.21k
  m_Bitstream->write( m_Low >> 8, 24 - m_bitsLeft );
141
1.21k
}
142
143
void BinEncoderBase::restart()
144
0
{
145
0
  m_Low               = 0;
146
0
  m_Range             = 510;
147
0
  m_bufferedByte      = 0xff;
148
0
  m_numBufferedBytes  = 0;
149
0
  m_bitsLeft          = 23;
150
0
}
151
152
void BinEncoderBase::reset( int qp, int initId )
153
1.21k
{
154
1.21k
  Ctx::init( qp, initId );
155
1.21k
  start();
156
1.21k
}
157
158
void BinEncoderBase::resetBits()
159
0
{
160
0
  m_Low               = 0;
161
0
  m_bufferedByte      = 0xff;
162
0
  m_numBufferedBytes  = 0;
163
0
  m_bitsLeft          = 23;
164
0
  BinCounter::reset();
165
0
}
166
167
void BinEncoderBase::encodeBinEP( unsigned bin )
168
453
{
169
453
  DTRACE( g_trace_ctx, D_CABAC, "%d" "  " "%d" "  EP=%d \n", DTRACE_GET_COUNTER( g_trace_ctx, D_CABAC ), m_Range, bin );
170
171
453
  BinCounter::addEP();
172
453
  m_Low <<= 1;
173
453
  if( bin )
174
20
  {
175
20
    m_Low += m_Range;
176
20
  }
177
453
  m_bitsLeft--;
178
453
  if( m_bitsLeft < 12 )
179
22
  {
180
22
    writeOut();
181
22
  }
182
453
}
183
184
void BinEncoderBase::encodeBinsEP( unsigned bins, unsigned numBins )
185
16.1k
{
186
82.7k
  for(int i = 0; i < numBins; i++)
187
66.5k
  {
188
66.5k
    DTRACE( g_trace_ctx, D_CABAC, "%d" "  " "%d" "  EP=%d \n", DTRACE_GET_COUNTER( g_trace_ctx, D_CABAC ), m_Range, ( bins >> ( numBins - 1 - i ) ) & 1 );
189
66.5k
  }
190
191
16.1k
  BinCounter::addEP( numBins );
192
16.1k
  if( m_Range == 256 )
193
1.88k
  {
194
1.88k
    encodeAlignedBinsEP( bins, numBins );
195
1.88k
    return;
196
1.88k
  }
197
16.5k
  while( numBins > 8 )
198
2.26k
  {
199
2.26k
    numBins          -= 8;
200
2.26k
    unsigned pattern  = bins >> numBins;
201
2.26k
    m_Low           <<= 8;
202
2.26k
    m_Low            += m_Range * pattern;
203
2.26k
    bins             -= pattern << numBins;
204
2.26k
    m_bitsLeft       -= 8;
205
2.26k
    if( m_bitsLeft < 12 )
206
2.26k
    {
207
2.26k
      writeOut();
208
2.26k
    }
209
2.26k
  }
210
14.2k
  m_Low     <<= numBins;
211
14.2k
  m_Low      += m_Range * bins;
212
14.2k
  m_bitsLeft -= numBins;
213
14.2k
  if( m_bitsLeft < 12 )
214
4.47k
  {
215
4.47k
    writeOut();
216
4.47k
  }
217
14.2k
}
218
219
void BinEncoderBase::encodeRemAbsEP(unsigned bins, unsigned goRicePar, unsigned cutoff, int maxLog2TrDynamicRange)
220
2.43k
{
221
2.43k
  const unsigned threshold = cutoff << goRicePar;
222
2.43k
  if (bins < threshold)
223
0
  {
224
0
    const unsigned bitMask = (1 << goRicePar) - 1;
225
0
    const unsigned length = (bins >> goRicePar) + 1;
226
0
    encodeBinsEP((1 << length) - 2, length);
227
0
    encodeBinsEP(bins & bitMask, goRicePar);
228
0
  }
229
2.43k
  else 
230
2.43k
  {
231
2.43k
    const unsigned  maxPrefixLength = 32 - cutoff - maxLog2TrDynamicRange;
232
2.43k
    unsigned        prefixLength = 0;
233
2.43k
    unsigned        codeValue = (bins >> goRicePar) - cutoff;
234
2.43k
    unsigned        suffixLength;
235
2.43k
    if (codeValue >= ((1 << maxPrefixLength) - 1))
236
67
    {
237
67
      prefixLength = maxPrefixLength;
238
67
      suffixLength = maxLog2TrDynamicRange;
239
67
    }
240
2.36k
    else
241
2.36k
    {
242
17.5k
      while (codeValue > ((2 << prefixLength) - 2))
243
15.1k
      {
244
15.1k
        prefixLength++;
245
15.1k
      }
246
2.36k
      suffixLength = prefixLength + goRicePar + 1; //+1 for the separator bit
247
2.36k
    }
248
2.43k
    const unsigned totalPrefixLength = prefixLength + cutoff;
249
2.43k
    const unsigned bitMask = (1 << goRicePar) - 1;
250
2.43k
    const unsigned prefix = (1 << totalPrefixLength) - 1;
251
2.43k
    const unsigned suffix = ((codeValue - ((1 << prefixLength) - 1)) << goRicePar) | (bins & bitMask);
252
2.43k
    encodeBinsEP(prefix, totalPrefixLength); //prefix
253
2.43k
    encodeBinsEP(suffix, suffixLength); //separator, suffix, and rParam bits
254
2.43k
  }
255
2.43k
}
256
257
void BinEncoderBase::encodeBinTrm( unsigned bin )
258
1.21k
{
259
1.21k
  BinCounter::addTrm();
260
1.21k
  m_Range -= 2;
261
1.21k
  if( bin )
262
1.21k
  {
263
1.21k
    m_Low      += m_Range;
264
1.21k
    m_Low     <<= 7;
265
1.21k
    m_Range     = 2 << 7;
266
1.21k
    m_bitsLeft -= 7;
267
1.21k
  }
268
0
  else if( m_Range >= 256 )
269
0
  {
270
0
    return;
271
0
  }
272
0
  else
273
0
  {
274
0
    m_Low     <<= 1;
275
0
    m_Range   <<= 1;
276
0
    m_bitsLeft--;
277
0
  }
278
1.21k
  if( m_bitsLeft < 12 )
279
1.04k
  {
280
1.04k
    writeOut();
281
1.04k
  }
282
1.21k
}
283
284
285
void BinEncoderBase::align()
286
0
{
287
0
  m_Range = 256;
288
0
}
289
290
291
void BinEncoderBase::encodeAlignedBinsEP( unsigned bins, unsigned numBins )
292
1.88k
{
293
1.88k
  unsigned remBins = numBins;
294
4.71k
  while( remBins > 0 )
295
2.82k
  {
296
    //The process of encoding an EP bin is the same as that of coding a normal
297
    //bin where the symbol ranges for 1 and 0 are both half the range:
298
    //
299
    //  low = (low + range/2) << 1       (to encode a 1)
300
    //  low =  low            << 1       (to encode a 0)
301
    //
302
    //  i.e.
303
    //  low = (low + (bin * range/2)) << 1
304
    //
305
    //  which is equivalent to:
306
    //
307
    //  low = (low << 1) + (bin * range)
308
    //
309
    //  this can be generalised for multiple bins, producing the following expression:
310
    //
311
2.82k
    unsigned binsToCode = std::min<unsigned>( remBins, 8); //code bytes if able to take advantage of the system's byte-write function
312
2.82k
    unsigned binMask    = ( 1 << binsToCode ) - 1;
313
2.82k
    unsigned newBins    = ( bins >> ( remBins - binsToCode ) ) & binMask;
314
2.82k
    m_Low               = ( m_Low << binsToCode ) + ( newBins << 8 ); //range is known to be 256
315
2.82k
    remBins            -= binsToCode;
316
2.82k
    m_bitsLeft         -= binsToCode;
317
2.82k
    if( m_bitsLeft < 12 )
318
1.79k
    {
319
1.79k
      writeOut();
320
1.79k
    }
321
2.82k
  }
322
1.88k
}
323
324
void BinEncoderBase::writeOut()
325
28.8k
{
326
28.8k
  unsigned leadByte = m_Low >> ( 24 - m_bitsLeft );
327
28.8k
  m_bitsLeft       += 8;
328
28.8k
  m_Low            &= 0xffffffffu >> m_bitsLeft;
329
28.8k
  if( leadByte == 0xff )
330
1.74k
  {
331
1.74k
    m_numBufferedBytes++;
332
1.74k
  }
333
27.0k
  else
334
27.0k
  {
335
27.0k
    if( m_numBufferedBytes > 0 )
336
25.8k
    {
337
25.8k
      unsigned carry  = leadByte >> 8;
338
25.8k
      unsigned byte   = m_bufferedByte + carry;
339
25.8k
      m_bufferedByte  = leadByte & 0xff;
340
25.8k
      m_Bitstream->write( byte, 8 );
341
25.8k
      byte            = ( 0xff + carry ) & 0xff;
342
27.5k
      while( m_numBufferedBytes > 1 )
343
1.72k
      {
344
1.72k
        m_Bitstream->write( byte, 8 );
345
1.72k
        m_numBufferedBytes--;
346
1.72k
      }
347
25.8k
    }
348
1.21k
    else
349
1.21k
    {
350
1.21k
      m_numBufferedBytes  = 1;
351
1.21k
      m_bufferedByte      = leadByte;
352
1.21k
    }
353
27.0k
  }
354
28.8k
}
355
356
357
358
BinEncoder::BinEncoder()
359
4.86k
  : BinEncoderBase( static_cast<const BinProbModel*>    ( nullptr ) )
360
4.86k
  , m_Ctx         ( static_cast<CtxStore&>( *this   ) )
361
4.86k
{}
362
363
void BinEncoder::encodeBin( unsigned bin, unsigned ctxId )
364
317k
{
365
317k
  BinCounter::addCtx( ctxId );
366
317k
  BinProbModel& rcProbModel = m_Ctx[ctxId];
367
317k
  uint32_t      LPS         = rcProbModel.getLPS( m_Range );
368
369
//  DTRACE( g_trace_ctx, D_CABAC, "%d" " %d " "%d" "  " "[%d:%d]" "  " "%2d(MPS=%d)"  "  " "  -  " "%d" "\n", DTRACE_GET_COUNTER( g_trace_ctx, D_CABAC ), ctxId, m_Range, m_Range - LPS, LPS, ( unsigned int ) ( rcProbModel.state() ), bin == rcProbModel.mps(), bin );
370
317k
  DTRACE( g_trace_ctx, D_CABAC, " %d " "%d" "  " "[%d:%d]" "  " "%2d(MPS=%d)"  "  " "  -  " "%d" "\n", DTRACE_GET_COUNTER( g_trace_ctx, D_CABAC ), m_Range, m_Range - LPS, LPS, (unsigned int)( rcProbModel.state() ), bin == rcProbModel.mps(), bin );
371
372
317k
  m_Range   -=  LPS;
373
317k
  if( bin != rcProbModel.mps() )
374
40.9k
  {
375
40.9k
    int numBits   = rcProbModel.getRenormBitsLPS( LPS );
376
40.9k
    m_bitsLeft   -= numBits;
377
40.9k
    m_Low        += m_Range;
378
40.9k
    m_Low         = m_Low << numBits;
379
40.9k
    m_Range       = LPS   << numBits;
380
40.9k
    if( m_bitsLeft < 12 )
381
9.27k
    {
382
9.27k
      writeOut();
383
9.27k
    }
384
40.9k
  }
385
276k
  else
386
276k
  {
387
276k
    if( m_Range < 256 )
388
85.4k
    {
389
      //int numBits   = rcProbModel.getRenormBitsRange();
390
85.4k
      int numBits   = 1;
391
85.4k
      m_bitsLeft   -= numBits;
392
85.4k
      m_Low       <<= numBits;
393
85.4k
      m_Range     <<= numBits;
394
85.4k
      if( m_bitsLeft < 12 )
395
9.94k
      {
396
9.94k
        writeOut();
397
9.94k
      }
398
85.4k
    }
399
276k
  }
400
317k
  rcProbModel.update( bin );
401
317k
  BinEncoderBase::m_BinStore.addBin( bin, ctxId );
402
317k
}
403
404
BinEncIf* BinEncoder::getTestBinEncoder() const
405
0
{
406
0
  BinEncIf* testBinEncoder = 0;
407
0
  if( m_BinStore.inUse() )
408
0
  {
409
0
    testBinEncoder = new BinEncoder();
410
0
  }
411
0
  return testBinEncoder;
412
0
}
413
414
415
416
417
418
BitEstimatorBase::BitEstimatorBase( const BinProbModel* dummy )
419
30.5k
  : BinEncIf      ( dummy )
420
30.5k
{
421
30.5k
  m_EstFracBits = 0;
422
30.5k
}
423
424
void BitEstimatorBase::encodeRemAbsEP(unsigned bins, unsigned goRicePar, unsigned cutoff, int maxLog2TrDynamicRange)
425
5.16M
{
426
5.16M
  const unsigned threshold = cutoff << goRicePar;
427
5.16M
  if (bins < threshold)
428
2.73M
  {
429
2.73M
    m_EstFracBits += BinProbModelBase::estFracBitsEP((bins >> goRicePar) + 1 + goRicePar);
430
2.73M
  }
431
2.43M
  else 
432
2.43M
  {
433
2.43M
    const unsigned  maxPrefixLength = 32 - cutoff - maxLog2TrDynamicRange;
434
2.43M
    unsigned        prefixLength = 0;
435
2.43M
    unsigned        codeValue = (bins >> goRicePar) - cutoff;
436
2.43M
    unsigned        suffixLength;
437
2.43M
    if (codeValue >= ((1 << maxPrefixLength) - 1))
438
402
    {
439
402
      prefixLength = maxPrefixLength;
440
402
      suffixLength = maxLog2TrDynamicRange;
441
402
    }
442
2.43M
    else
443
2.43M
    {
444
9.35M
      while (codeValue > ((2 << prefixLength) - 2))
445
6.92M
      {
446
6.92M
        prefixLength++;
447
6.92M
      }
448
2.43M
      suffixLength = prefixLength + goRicePar + 1; //+1 for the separator bit
449
2.43M
    }
450
2.43M
    m_EstFracBits += BinProbModelBase::estFracBitsEP(cutoff + prefixLength + suffixLength);
451
2.43M
  }
452
5.16M
}
453
454
void BitEstimatorBase::align()
455
0
{
456
0
  static const uint64_t add   = BinProbModelBase::estFracBitsEP() - 1;
457
0
  static const uint64_t mask  = ~add;
458
0
  m_EstFracBits += add;
459
0
  m_EstFracBits &= mask;
460
0
}
461
462
463
BitEstimator::BitEstimator()
464
30.5k
  : BitEstimatorBase  ( static_cast<const BinProbModel*>    ( nullptr) )
465
30.5k
  , m_Ctx             ( static_cast<CtxStore&>              ( *this  ) )
466
30.5k
{}
467
468
} // namespace vvenc
469
470
//! \}
471