Coverage Report

Created: 2025-12-16 08:26

next uncovered line (L), next uncovered region (R), next uncovered branch (B)
/src/libwebsockets/include/libwebsockets/lws-write.h
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/*
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 * libwebsockets - small server side websockets and web server implementation
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 *
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 * Copyright (C) 2010 - 2019 Andy Green <andy@warmcat.com>
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 *
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 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
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 * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
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 * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
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 * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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 *
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 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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 *
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 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
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 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
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 * IN THE SOFTWARE.
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 */
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/*! \defgroup sending-data Sending data
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    APIs related to writing data on a connection
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*/
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//@{
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#define LWS_WRITE_RAW LWS_WRITE_HTTP
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/*
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 * NOTE: These public enums are part of the abi.  If you want to add one,
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 * add it at where specified so existing users are unaffected.
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 */
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enum lws_write_protocol {
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  LWS_WRITE_TEXT            = 0,
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  /**< Send a ws TEXT message,the pointer must have LWS_PRE valid
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   * memory behind it.
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   *
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   * The receiver expects only valid utf-8 in the payload */
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  LWS_WRITE_BINARY          = 1,
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  /**< Send a ws BINARY message, the pointer must have LWS_PRE valid
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   * memory behind it.
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   *
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   * Any sequence of bytes is valid */
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  LWS_WRITE_CONTINUATION          = 2,
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  /**< Continue a previous ws message, the pointer must have LWS_PRE valid
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   * memory behind it */
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  LWS_WRITE_HTTP            = 3,
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  /**< Send HTTP content */
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  /* LWS_WRITE_CLOSE is handled by lws_close_reason() */
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  LWS_WRITE_PING            = 5,
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  LWS_WRITE_PONG            = 6,
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  /* Same as write_http but we know this write ends the transaction */
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  LWS_WRITE_HTTP_FINAL          = 7,
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  /* HTTP2 */
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  LWS_WRITE_HTTP_HEADERS          = 8,
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  /**< Send http headers (http2 encodes this payload and LWS_WRITE_HTTP
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   * payload differently, http 1.x links also handle this correctly. so
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   * to be compatible with both in the future,header response part should
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   * be sent using this regardless of http version expected)
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   */
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  LWS_WRITE_HTTP_HEADERS_CONTINUATION     = 9,
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  /**< Continuation of http/2 headers
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   */
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  /****** add new things just above ---^ ******/
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  /* flags */
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  LWS_WRITE_BUFLIST = 0x20,
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  /**< Don't actually write it... stick it on the output buflist and
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   *   write it as soon as possible.  Useful if you learn you have to
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   *   write something, have the data to write to hand but the timing is
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   *   unrelated as to whether the connection is writable or not, and were
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   *   otherwise going to have to allocate a temp buffer and write it
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   *   later anyway */
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  LWS_WRITE_NO_FIN = 0x40,
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  /**< This part of the message is not the end of the message */
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  LWS_WRITE_H2_STREAM_END = 0x80,
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  /**< Flag indicates this packet should go out with STREAM_END if h2
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   * STREAM_END is allowed on DATA or HEADERS.
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   */
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  LWS_WRITE_CLIENT_IGNORE_XOR_MASK = 0x80
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  /**< client packet payload goes out on wire unmunged
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   * only useful for security tests since normal servers cannot
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   * decode the content if used */
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};
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/* used with LWS_CALLBACK_CHILD_WRITE_VIA_PARENT */
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struct lws_write_passthru {
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  struct lws *wsi;
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  unsigned char *buf;
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  size_t len;
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  enum lws_write_protocol wp;
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};
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/**
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 * lws_write() - Apply protocol then write data to client
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 *
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 * \param wsi:  Websocket instance (available from user callback)
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 * \param buf:  The data to send.  For data being sent on a websocket
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 *    connection (ie, not default http), this buffer MUST have
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 *    LWS_PRE bytes valid BEFORE the pointer.
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 *    This is so the protocol header data can be added in-situ.
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 * \param len:  Count of the data bytes in the payload starting from buf
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 * \param protocol: Use LWS_WRITE_HTTP to reply to an http connection, and one
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 *    of LWS_WRITE_BINARY or LWS_WRITE_TEXT to send appropriate
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 *    data on a websockets connection.  Remember to allow the extra
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 *    bytes before and after buf if LWS_WRITE_BINARY or LWS_WRITE_TEXT
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 *    are used.
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 *
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 * This function provides the way to issue data back to the client, for any
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 * role (h1, h2, ws, raw, etc).  It can only be called from the WRITEABLE
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 * callback.
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 *
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 * IMPORTANT NOTICE!
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 *
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 * When sending with ws protocol
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 *
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 * LWS_WRITE_TEXT,
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 * LWS_WRITE_BINARY,
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 * LWS_WRITE_CONTINUATION,
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 * LWS_WRITE_PING,
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 * LWS_WRITE_PONG,
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 *
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 * or sending on http/2... the send buffer has to have LWS_PRE bytes valid
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 * BEFORE the buffer pointer you pass to lws_write().  Since you'll probably
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 * want to use http/2 before too long, it's wise to just always do this with
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 * lws_write buffers... LWS_PRE is typically 16 bytes it's not going to hurt
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 * usually.
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 *
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 * start of alloc       ptr passed to lws_write      end of allocation
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 *       |                         |                         |
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 *       v  <-- LWS_PRE bytes -->  v                         v
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 *       [----------------  allocated memory  ---------------]
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 *              (for lws use)      [====== user buffer ======]
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 *
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 * This allows us to add protocol info before the data, and send as one packet
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 * on the network without payload copying, for maximum efficiency.
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 *
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 * So for example you need this kind of code to use lws_write with a
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 * 128-byte payload
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 *
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 *   char buf[LWS_PRE + 128];
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 *
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 *   // fill your part of the buffer... for example here it's all zeros
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 *   memset(&buf[LWS_PRE], 0, 128);
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 *
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 *   if (lws_write(wsi, &buf[LWS_PRE], 128, LWS_WRITE_TEXT) < 128) {
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 *      ... the connection is dead ...
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 *      return -1;
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 *   }
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 *
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 * LWS_PRE is currently 16, which covers ws and h2 frame headers, and is
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 * compatible with 32 and 64-bit alignment requirements.
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 *
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 * (LWS_SEND_BUFFER_POST_PADDING is deprecated, it's now 0 and can be left off.)
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 *
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 * Return may be -1 is the write failed in a way indicating that the connection
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 * has ended already, in which case you can close your side, or a positive
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 * number that is at least the number of bytes requested to send (under some
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 * encapsulation scenarios, it can indicate more than you asked was sent).
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 *
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 * The recommended test of the return is less than what you asked indicates
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 * the connection has failed.
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 *
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 * Truncated Writes
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 * ================
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 *
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 * The OS may not accept everything you asked to write on the connection.
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 *
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 * Posix defines POLLOUT indication from poll() to show that the connection
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 * will accept more write data, but it doesn't specifiy how much.  It may just
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 * accept one byte of whatever you wanted to send.
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 *
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 * LWS will buffer the remainder automatically, and send it out autonomously.
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 *
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 * During that time, WRITABLE callbacks to user code will be suppressed and
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 * instead used internally.  After it completes, it will send an extra WRITEABLE
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 * callback to the user code, in case any request was missed.  So it is possible
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 * to receive unasked-for WRITEABLE callbacks, the user code should have enough
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 * state to know if it wants to write anything and just return if not.
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 *
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 * This is to handle corner cases where unexpectedly the OS refuses what we
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 * usually expect it to accept.  It's not recommended as the way to randomly
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 * send huge payloads, since it is being copied on to heap and is inefficient.
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 *
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 * Huge payloads should instead be sent in fragments that are around 2 x mtu,
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 * which is almost always directly accepted by the OS.  To simplify this for
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 * ws fragments, there is a helper lws_write_ws_flags() below that simplifies
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 * selecting the correct flags to give lws_write() for each fragment.
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 *
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 * In the case of RFC8441 ws-over-h2, you cannot send ws fragments larger than
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 * the max h2 frame size, typically 16KB, but should further restrict it to
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 * the same ~2 x mtu limit mentioned above.
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 */
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LWS_VISIBLE LWS_EXTERN int
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lws_write(struct lws *wsi, unsigned char *buf, size_t len,
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    enum lws_write_protocol protocol);
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/* helper for case where buffer may be const */
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#define lws_write_http(wsi, buf, len) \
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  lws_write(wsi, (unsigned char *)(buf), len, LWS_WRITE_HTTP)
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/**
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 * lws_write_ws_flags() - Helper for multi-frame ws message flags
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 *
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 * \param initial: the lws_write flag to use for the start fragment, eg,
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 *       LWS_WRITE_TEXT
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 * \param is_start: nonzero if this is the first fragment of the message
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 * \param is_end: nonzero if this is the last fragment of the message
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 *
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 * Returns the correct LWS_WRITE_ flag to use for each fragment of a message
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 * in turn.
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 */
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static LWS_INLINE enum lws_write_protocol
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lws_write_ws_flags(int initial, int is_start, int is_end)
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0
{
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0
  enum lws_write_protocol r;
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  if (is_start)
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    r = (enum lws_write_protocol)initial;
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  else
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    r = LWS_WRITE_CONTINUATION;
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  if (!is_end)
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    r = (enum lws_write_protocol)((int)r | (int)LWS_WRITE_NO_FIN);
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  return r;
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0
}
Unexecuted instantiation: upng-gzip.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: alloc.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: logs.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: unix-misc.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: lws_dll2.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: context.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: libwebsockets.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: lws-cache-ttl.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: heap.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: file.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: dlo.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: dlo-text.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: dlo-png.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: dlo-jpeg.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: lwsac.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: stdin.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: system.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: smd.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: close.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: vhost.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: pollfd.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: service.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: sorted-usec-list.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: wsi.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: wsi-timeout.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: adopt.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: ops-pipe.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: state.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: client.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: sort-dns.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: conmon.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: header.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: parsers.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: server.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: ops-h1.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: http2.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: hpack.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: ops-h2.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: ops-ws.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: client-ws.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: client-parser-ws.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: server-ws.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: ops-raw-skt.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: ops-raw-file.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: ops-listen.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: client-http.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: ops-netlink.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: poll.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: secure-streams.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: policy-common.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: captive-portal-detect.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: ss-raw.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: policy-json.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: fetch-policy.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: ss-h1.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: ss-h2.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: ss-ws.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: unix-caps.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: unix-init.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: unix-file.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: unix-pipe.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: unix-service.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: unix-sockets.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: unix-fds.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: tls-network.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: openssl-tls.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: openssl-x509.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: openssl-ssl.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: openssl-session.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: lws-genhash.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: tls-server.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: openssl-server.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: tls-client.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: openssl-client.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: lws-gencrypto-common.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: buflist.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: vfs.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: base64-decode.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: upng.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: jpeg.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: dlo-font-mcufont.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: sha-1.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: lejp.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: dummy-callback.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: output.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: network.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: route.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: connect.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: connect2.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: connect3.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: connect4.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: date.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: cookie.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: tls.c:lws_write_ws_flags
Unexecuted instantiation: tls-sessions.c:lws_write_ws_flags
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/**
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 * lws_raw_transaction_completed() - Helper for flushing before close
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 *
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 * \param wsi: the struct lws to operate on
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 *
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 * Returns -1 if the wsi can close now.  However if there is buffered, unsent
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 * data, the wsi is marked as to be closed when the output buffer data is
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 * drained, and it returns 0.
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 *
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 * For raw cases where the transaction completed without failure,
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 * `return lws_raw_transaction_completed(wsi)` should better be used than
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 * return -1.
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 */
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LWS_VISIBLE LWS_EXTERN int LWS_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
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lws_raw_transaction_completed(struct lws *wsi);
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///@}