/src/gdal/ogr/ogrsf_frmts/generic/ogrlayer.cpp

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/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Project:  OpenGIS Simple Features Reference Implementation
 * Purpose:  The generic portions of the OGRSFLayer class.
 * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 1999,  Les Technologies SoftMap Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2014, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 ****************************************************************************/

#include "ogrsf_frmts.h"
#include "ogr_api.h"
#include "ogr_p.h"
#include "ogr_attrind.h"
#include "ogr_swq.h"
#include "ograpispy.h"
#include "ogr_wkb.h"
#include "ogrlayer_private.h"

#include "cpl_time.h"
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>
#include <set>

/************************************************************************/
/*                              OGRLayer()                              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::OGRLayer()
    : m_poPrivate(new Private()), m_bFilterIsEnvelope(FALSE),
      m_poFilterGeom(nullptr),
      m_pPreparedFilterGeom(nullptr), m_sFilterEnvelope{},
      m_iGeomFieldFilter(0), m_poStyleTable(nullptr), m_poAttrQuery(nullptr),
      m_pszAttrQueryString(nullptr), m_poAttrIndex(nullptr), m_nRefCount(0),
      m_nFeaturesRead(0)
{
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             ~OGRLayer()                              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::~OGRLayer()

{
    if (m_poStyleTable)
    {
        delete m_poStyleTable;
        m_poStyleTable = nullptr;
    }

    if (m_poAttrIndex != nullptr)
    {
        delete m_poAttrIndex;
        m_poAttrIndex = nullptr;
    }

    if (m_poAttrQuery != nullptr)
    {
        delete m_poAttrQuery;
        m_poAttrQuery = nullptr;
    }

    CPLFree(m_pszAttrQueryString);

    if (m_poFilterGeom)
    {
        delete m_poFilterGeom;
        m_poFilterGeom = nullptr;
    }

    if (m_pPreparedFilterGeom != nullptr)
    {
        OGRDestroyPreparedGeometry(m_pPreparedFilterGeom);
        m_pPreparedFilterGeom = nullptr;
    }

    if (m_poSharedArrowArrayStreamPrivateData != nullptr)
    {
        m_poSharedArrowArrayStreamPrivateData->m_poLayer = nullptr;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             Reference()                              */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRLayer::Reference()

{
    return ++m_nRefCount;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_Reference()                           */
/************************************************************************/

int OGR_L_Reference(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_Reference", 0);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->Reference();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            Dereference()                             */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRLayer::Dereference()

{
    return --m_nRefCount;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_Dereference()                          */
/************************************************************************/

int OGR_L_Dereference(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_Dereference", 0);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->Dereference();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetRefCount()                             */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRLayer::GetRefCount() const

{
    return m_nRefCount;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_GetRefCount()                          */
/************************************************************************/

int OGR_L_GetRefCount(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetRefCount", 0);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetRefCount();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         GetFeatureCount()                            */
/************************************************************************/

GIntBig OGRLayer::GetFeatureCount(int bForce)

{
    if (!bForce)
        return -1;

    GIntBig nFeatureCount = 0;
    for (auto &&poFeature : *this)
    {
        CPL_IGNORE_RET_VAL(poFeature.get());
        nFeatureCount++;
    }
    ResetReading();

    return nFeatureCount;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGR_L_GetFeatureCount()                         */
/************************************************************************/

GIntBig OGR_L_GetFeatureCount(OGRLayerH hLayer, int bForce)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetFeatureCount", 0);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetFeatureCount(hLayer, bForce);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetFeatureCount(bForce);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetExtent()                               */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Fetch the extent of this layer.

 Returns the extent (MBR) of the data in the layer.  If bForce is FALSE,
 and it would be expensive to establish the extent then OGRERR_FAILURE
 will be returned indicating that the extent isn't know.  If bForce is
 TRUE then some implementations will actually scan the entire layer once
 to compute the MBR of all the features in the layer.

 Depending on the drivers, the returned extent may or may not take the
 spatial filter into account.  So it is safer to call GetExtent() without
 setting a spatial filter.

 Layers without any geometry may return OGRERR_FAILURE just indicating that
 no meaningful extents could be collected.

 Note that some implementations of this method may alter the read cursor
 of the layer.

 This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_GetExtent().

 @param psExtent the structure in which the extent value will be returned.
 @param bForce Flag indicating whether the extent should be computed even
 if it is expensive.

 @return OGRERR_NONE on success, OGRERR_FAILURE if extent not known.
*/

OGRErr OGRLayer::GetExtent(OGREnvelope *psExtent, bool bForce)
{
    return GetExtent(0, psExtent, bForce);
}

/**
 \brief Fetch the extent of this layer, on the specified geometry field.

 Returns the extent (MBR) of the data in the layer.  If bForce is FALSE,
 and it would be expensive to establish the extent then OGRERR_FAILURE
 will be returned indicating that the extent isn't know.  If bForce is
 TRUE then some implementations will actually scan the entire layer once
 to compute the MBR of all the features in the layer.

 Depending on the drivers, the returned extent may or may not take the
 spatial filter into account.  So it is safer to call GetExtent() without
 setting a spatial filter.

 Layers without any geometry may return OGRERR_FAILURE just indicating that
 no meaningful extents could be collected.

 Note that some implementations of this method may alter the read cursor
 of the layer.

 This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_GetExtentEx().

 @param iGeomField the index of the geometry field on which to compute the extent.
 @param psExtent the structure in which the extent value will be returned.
 @param bForce Flag indicating whether the extent should be computed even
 if it is expensive.

 @return OGRERR_NONE on success, OGRERR_FAILURE if extent not known.

*/

OGRErr OGRLayer::GetExtent(int iGeomField, OGREnvelope *psExtent, bool bForce)
{
    psExtent->MinX = 0.0;
    psExtent->MaxX = 0.0;
    psExtent->MinY = 0.0;
    psExtent->MaxY = 0.0;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If this layer has a none geometry type, then we can             */
    /*      reasonably assume there are not extents available.              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (iGeomField < 0 || iGeomField >= GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() ||
        GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomField)->GetType() == wkbNone)
    {
        if (iGeomField != 0)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Invalid geometry field index : %d", iGeomField);
        }
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    return IGetExtent(iGeomField, psExtent, bForce);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            IGetExtent()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Fetch the extent of this layer, on the specified geometry field.

 Virtual method implemented by drivers since 3.11. In previous versions,
 GetExtent() itself was the virtual method.

 Driver implementations, when wanting to call the base method, must take
 care of calling OGRLayer::IGetExtent() (and note the public method without
 the leading I).

 @param iGeomField 0-based index of the geometry field to consider.
 @param psExtent the computed extent of the layer.
 @param bForce if TRUE, the extent will be computed even if all the
        layer features have to be fetched.
 @return OGRERR_NONE on success or an error code in case of failure.
 @since GDAL 3.11
*/

OGRErr OGRLayer::IGetExtent(int iGeomField, OGREnvelope *psExtent, bool bForce)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If not forced, we should avoid having to scan all the           */
    /*      features and just return a failure.                             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (!bForce)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      OK, we hate to do this, but go ahead and read through all       */
    /*      the features to collect geometries and build extents.           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGREnvelope oEnv;
    bool bExtentSet = false;

    for (auto &&poFeature : *this)
    {
        OGRGeometry *poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(iGeomField);
        if (poGeom == nullptr || poGeom->IsEmpty())
        {
            /* Do nothing */
        }
        else if (!bExtentSet)
        {
            poGeom->getEnvelope(psExtent);
            if (!(std::isnan(psExtent->MinX) || std::isnan(psExtent->MinY) ||
                  std::isnan(psExtent->MaxX) || std::isnan(psExtent->MaxY)))
            {
                bExtentSet = true;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            poGeom->getEnvelope(&oEnv);
            if (oEnv.MinX < psExtent->MinX)
                psExtent->MinX = oEnv.MinX;
            if (oEnv.MinY < psExtent->MinY)
                psExtent->MinY = oEnv.MinY;
            if (oEnv.MaxX > psExtent->MaxX)
                psExtent->MaxX = oEnv.MaxX;
            if (oEnv.MaxY > psExtent->MaxY)
                psExtent->MaxY = oEnv.MaxY;
        }
    }
    ResetReading();

    return bExtentSet ? OGRERR_NONE : OGRERR_FAILURE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_GetExtent()                           */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Fetch the extent of this layer.

 Returns the extent (MBR) of the data in the layer.  If bForce is FALSE,
 and it would be expensive to establish the extent then OGRERR_FAILURE
 will be returned indicating that the extent isn't know.  If bForce is
 TRUE then some implementations will actually scan the entire layer once
 to compute the MBR of all the features in the layer.

 Depending on the drivers, the returned extent may or may not take the
 spatial filter into account.  So it is safer to call OGR_L_GetExtent() without
 setting a spatial filter.

 Layers without any geometry may return OGRERR_FAILURE just indicating that
 no meaningful extents could be collected.

 Note that some implementations of this method may alter the read cursor
 of the layer.

 This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::GetExtent().

 @param hLayer handle to the layer from which to get extent.
 @param psExtent the structure in which the extent value will be returned.
 @param bForce Flag indicating whether the extent should be computed even
 if it is expensive.

 @return OGRERR_NONE on success, OGRERR_FAILURE if extent not known.

*/

OGRErr OGR_L_GetExtent(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGREnvelope *psExtent, int bForce)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetExtent", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetExtent(hLayer, bForce);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetExtent(0, psExtent,
                                                   bForce != FALSE);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_GetExtentEx()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Fetch the extent of this layer, on the specified geometry field.

 Returns the extent (MBR) of the data in the layer.  If bForce is FALSE,
 and it would be expensive to establish the extent then OGRERR_FAILURE
 will be returned indicating that the extent isn't know.  If bForce is
 TRUE then some implementations will actually scan the entire layer once
 to compute the MBR of all the features in the layer.

 Depending on the drivers, the returned extent may or may not take the
 spatial filter into account.  So it is safer to call OGR_L_GetExtent() without
 setting a spatial filter.

 Layers without any geometry may return OGRERR_FAILURE just indicating that
 no meaningful extents could be collected.

 Note that some implementations of this method may alter the read cursor
 of the layer.

 This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::GetExtent().

 @param hLayer handle to the layer from which to get extent.
 @param iGeomField the index of the geometry field on which to compute the extent.
 @param psExtent the structure in which the extent value will be returned.
 @param bForce Flag indicating whether the extent should be computed even
 if it is expensive.

 @return OGRERR_NONE on success, OGRERR_FAILURE if extent not known.

*/
OGRErr OGR_L_GetExtentEx(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                         OGREnvelope *psExtent, int bForce)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetExtentEx", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetExtentEx(hLayer, iGeomField, bForce);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetExtent(iGeomField, psExtent,
                                                   bForce != FALSE);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetExtent3D()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Fetch the 3D extent of this layer, on the specified geometry field.

 Returns the 3D extent (MBR) of the data in the layer.  If bForce is FALSE,
 and it would be expensive to establish the extent then OGRERR_FAILURE
 will be returned indicating that the extent isn't know.  If bForce is
 TRUE then some implementations will actually scan the entire layer once
 to compute the MBR of all the features in the layer.

 (Contrarty to GetExtent() 2D), the returned extent will always take into
 account the attribute and spatial filters that may be installed.

 Layers without any geometry may return OGRERR_FAILURE just indicating that
 no meaningful extents could be collected.

 For layers that have no 3D geometries, the psExtent3D->MinZ and psExtent3D->MaxZ
 fields will be respectively set to +Infinity and -Infinity.

 Note that some implementations of this method may alter the read cursor
 of the layer.

 This function is the same as the C function OGR_L_GetExtent3D().

 @param iGeomField 0-based index of the geometry field to consider.
 @param psExtent3D the computed 3D extent of the layer.
 @param bForce if TRUE, the extent will be computed even if all the
        layer features have to be fetched.
 @return OGRERR_NONE on success or an error code in case of failure.
 @since GDAL 3.9
*/

OGRErr OGRLayer::GetExtent3D(int iGeomField, OGREnvelope3D *psExtent3D,
                             bool bForce)

{
    psExtent3D->MinX = 0.0;
    psExtent3D->MaxX = 0.0;
    psExtent3D->MinY = 0.0;
    psExtent3D->MaxY = 0.0;
    psExtent3D->MinZ = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    psExtent3D->MaxZ = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If this layer has a none geometry type, then we can             */
    /*      reasonably assume there are not extents available.              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (iGeomField < 0 || iGeomField >= GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() ||
        GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomField)->GetType() == wkbNone)
    {
        if (iGeomField != 0)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Invalid geometry field index : %d", iGeomField);
        }
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    return IGetExtent3D(iGeomField, psExtent3D, bForce);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           IGetExtent3D()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Fetch the 3D extent of this layer, on the specified geometry field.

 See GetExtent3D() documentation.

 Virtual method implemented by drivers since 3.11. In previous versions,
 GetExtent3D() itself was the virtual method.

 Driver implementations, when wanting to call the base method, must take
 care of calling OGRLayer::IGetExtent3D() (and note the public method without
 the leading I).

 @param iGeomField 0-based index of the geometry field to consider.
 @param psExtent3D the computed 3D extent of the layer.
 @param bForce if TRUE, the extent will be computed even if all the
        layer features have to be fetched.
 @return OGRERR_NONE on success or an error code in case of failure.
 @since GDAL 3.11
*/

OGRErr OGRLayer::IGetExtent3D(int iGeomField, OGREnvelope3D *psExtent3D,
                              bool bForce)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If not forced, we should avoid having to scan all the           */
    /*      features and just return a failure.                             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (!bForce)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      OK, we hate to do this, but go ahead and read through all       */
    /*      the features to collect geometries and build extents.           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGREnvelope3D oEnv;
    bool bExtentSet = false;

    for (auto &&poFeature : *this)
    {
        OGRGeometry *poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(iGeomField);
        if (poGeom == nullptr || poGeom->IsEmpty())
        {
            /* Do nothing */
        }
        else if (!bExtentSet)
        {
            poGeom->getEnvelope(psExtent3D);
            // This is required because getEnvelope initializes Z to 0 for 2D geometries
            if (!poGeom->Is3D())
            {
                psExtent3D->MinZ = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
                psExtent3D->MaxZ = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
            }
            bExtentSet = true;
        }
        else
        {
            poGeom->getEnvelope(&oEnv);
            // This is required because getEnvelope initializes Z to 0 for 2D geometries
            if (!poGeom->Is3D())
            {
                oEnv.MinZ = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
                oEnv.MaxZ = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
            }
            // Merge handles infinity correctly
            psExtent3D->Merge(oEnv);
        }
    }
    ResetReading();

    return bExtentSet ? OGRERR_NONE : OGRERR_FAILURE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_GetExtent3D()                         */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Fetch the 3D extent of this layer, on the specified geometry field.

 Returns the 3D extent (MBR) of the data in the layer.  If bForce is FALSE,
 and it would be expensive to establish the extent then OGRERR_FAILURE
 will be returned indicating that the extent isn't know.  If bForce is
 TRUE then some implementations will actually scan the entire layer once
 to compute the MBR of all the features in the layer.

 (Contrarty to GetExtent() 2D), the returned extent will always take into
 account the attribute and spatial filters that may be installed.

 Layers without any geometry may return OGRERR_FAILURE just indicating that
 no meaningful extents could be collected.

 For layers that have no 3D geometries, the psExtent3D->MinZ and psExtent3D->MaxZ
 fields will be respectively set to +Infinity and -Infinity.

 Note that some implementations of this method may alter the read cursor
 of the layer.

 This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::GetExtent3D().

 @param hLayer the layer to consider.
 @param iGeomField 0-based index of the geometry field to consider.
 @param psExtent3D the computed 3D extent of the layer.
 @param bForce if TRUE, the extent will be computed even if all the
        layer features have to be fetched.
 @return OGRERR_NONE on success or an error code in case of failure.
 @since GDAL 3.9
*/

OGRErr OGR_L_GetExtent3D(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                         OGREnvelope3D *psExtent3D, int bForce)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetExtent3D", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetExtent3D(hLayer, iGeomField, bForce);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetExtent3D(iGeomField, psExtent3D,
                                                     bForce != FALSE);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         SetAttributeFilter()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::SetAttributeFilter(const char *pszQuery)

{
    CPLFree(m_pszAttrQueryString);
    m_pszAttrQueryString = (pszQuery) ? CPLStrdup(pszQuery) : nullptr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Are we just clearing any existing query?                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (pszQuery == nullptr || strlen(pszQuery) == 0)
    {
        if (m_poAttrQuery)
        {
            delete m_poAttrQuery;
            m_poAttrQuery = nullptr;
            ResetReading();
        }
        return OGRERR_NONE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Or are we installing a new query?                               */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGRErr eErr;

    if (!m_poAttrQuery)
        m_poAttrQuery = new OGRFeatureQuery();

    eErr = m_poAttrQuery->Compile(this, pszQuery);
    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
    {
        delete m_poAttrQuery;
        m_poAttrQuery = nullptr;
    }

    ResetReading();

    return eErr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        ContainGeomSpecialField()                     */
/************************************************************************/

static int ContainGeomSpecialField(swq_expr_node *expr, int nLayerFieldCount)
{
    if (expr->eNodeType == SNT_COLUMN)
    {
        if (expr->table_index == 0 && expr->field_index != -1)
        {
            int nSpecialFieldIdx = expr->field_index - nLayerFieldCount;
            return nSpecialFieldIdx == SPF_OGR_GEOMETRY ||
                   nSpecialFieldIdx == SPF_OGR_GEOM_WKT ||
                   nSpecialFieldIdx == SPF_OGR_GEOM_AREA;
        }
    }
    else if (expr->eNodeType == SNT_OPERATION)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < expr->nSubExprCount; i++)
        {
            if (ContainGeomSpecialField(expr->papoSubExpr[i], nLayerFieldCount))
                return TRUE;
        }
    }
    return FALSE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                AttributeFilterEvaluationNeedsGeometry()              */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
int OGRLayer::AttributeFilterEvaluationNeedsGeometry()
{
    if (!m_poAttrQuery)
        return FALSE;

    swq_expr_node *expr =
        static_cast<swq_expr_node *>(m_poAttrQuery->GetSWQExpr());
    int nLayerFieldCount = GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldCount();

    return ContainGeomSpecialField(expr, nLayerFieldCount);
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGR_L_SetAttributeFilter()                      */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_SetAttributeFilter(OGRLayerH hLayer, const char *pszQuery)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetAttributeFilter",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetAttributeFilter(hLayer, pszQuery);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetAttributeFilter(pszQuery);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetFeature()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeature *OGRLayer::GetFeature(GIntBig nFID)

{
    /* Save old attribute and spatial filters */
    char *pszOldFilter =
        m_pszAttrQueryString ? CPLStrdup(m_pszAttrQueryString) : nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *poOldFilterGeom =
        (m_poFilterGeom != nullptr) ? m_poFilterGeom->clone() : nullptr;
    int iOldGeomFieldFilter = m_iGeomFieldFilter;
    /* Unset filters */
    SetAttributeFilter(nullptr);
    SetSpatialFilter(0, nullptr);

    OGRFeatureUniquePtr poFeature;
    for (auto &&poFeatureIter : *this)
    {
        if (poFeatureIter->GetFID() == nFID)
        {
            poFeature.swap(poFeatureIter);
            break;
        }
    }

    /* Restore filters */
    SetAttributeFilter(pszOldFilter);
    CPLFree(pszOldFilter);
    SetSpatialFilter(iOldGeomFieldFilter, poOldFilterGeom);
    delete poOldFilterGeom;

    return poFeature.release();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_GetFeature()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeatureH OGR_L_GetFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer, GIntBig nFeatureId)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetFeature", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetFeature(hLayer, nFeatureId);
#endif

    return OGRFeature::ToHandle(
        OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetFeature(nFeatureId));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           SetNextByIndex()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::SetNextByIndex(GIntBig nIndex)

{
    if (nIndex < 0)
        nIndex = GINTBIG_MAX;

    ResetReading();

    while (nIndex-- > 0)
    {
        auto poFeature = std::unique_ptr<OGRFeature>(GetNextFeature());
        if (poFeature == nullptr)
            return OGRERR_NON_EXISTING_FEATURE;
    }

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_SetNextByIndex()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_SetNextByIndex(OGRLayerH hLayer, GIntBig nIndex)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetNextByIndex", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetNextByIndex(hLayer, nIndex);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetNextByIndex(nIndex);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_GetNextFeature()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeatureH OGR_L_GetNextFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetNextFeature", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetNextFeature(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRFeature::ToHandle(OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetNextFeature());
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       ConvertGeomsIfNecessary()                      */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRLayer::ConvertGeomsIfNecessary(OGRFeature *poFeature)
{
    if (!m_poPrivate->m_bConvertGeomsIfNecessaryAlreadyCalled)
    {
        // One time initialization
        m_poPrivate->m_bConvertGeomsIfNecessaryAlreadyCalled = true;
        m_poPrivate->m_bSupportsCurve =
            CPL_TO_BOOL(TestCapability(OLCCurveGeometries));
        m_poPrivate->m_bSupportsM =
            CPL_TO_BOOL(TestCapability(OLCMeasuredGeometries));
        if (CPLTestBool(
                CPLGetConfigOption("OGR_APPLY_GEOM_SET_PRECISION", "FALSE")))
        {
            const auto poFeatureDefn = GetLayerDefn();
            const int nGeomFieldCount = poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
            for (int i = 0; i < nGeomFieldCount; i++)
            {
                const double dfXYResolution = poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(i)
                                                  ->GetCoordinatePrecision()
                                                  .dfXYResolution;
                if (dfXYResolution != OGRGeomCoordinatePrecision::UNKNOWN &&
                    OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
                {
                    m_poPrivate->m_bApplyGeomSetPrecision = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (!m_poPrivate->m_bSupportsCurve || !m_poPrivate->m_bSupportsM ||
        m_poPrivate->m_bApplyGeomSetPrecision)
    {
        const auto poFeatureDefn = GetLayerDefn();
        const int nGeomFieldCount = poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < nGeomFieldCount; i++)
        {
            OGRGeometry *poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(i);
            if (poGeom)
            {
                if (!m_poPrivate->m_bSupportsM &&
                    OGR_GT_HasM(poGeom->getGeometryType()))
                {
                    poGeom->setMeasured(FALSE);
                }

                if (!m_poPrivate->m_bSupportsCurve &&
                    OGR_GT_IsNonLinear(poGeom->getGeometryType()))
                {
                    OGRwkbGeometryType eTargetType =
                        OGR_GT_GetLinear(poGeom->getGeometryType());
                    poGeom = OGRGeometryFactory::forceTo(
                        poFeature->StealGeometry(i), eTargetType);
                    poFeature->SetGeomFieldDirectly(i, poGeom);
                    poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(i);
                }

                if (poGeom && m_poPrivate->m_bApplyGeomSetPrecision)
                {
                    const double dfXYResolution =
                        poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(i)
                            ->GetCoordinatePrecision()
                            .dfXYResolution;
                    if (dfXYResolution != OGRGeomCoordinatePrecision::UNKNOWN &&
                        !poGeom->hasCurveGeometry())
                    {
                        auto poNewGeom = poGeom->SetPrecision(dfXYResolution,
                                                              /* nFlags = */ 0);
                        if (poNewGeom)
                        {
                            poFeature->SetGeomFieldDirectly(i, poNewGeom);
                            // If there was potential further processing...
                            // poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(i);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             SetFeature()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::SetFeature(OGRFeature *poFeature)

{
    ConvertGeomsIfNecessary(poFeature);
    return ISetFeature(poFeature);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             ISetFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::ISetFeature(OGRFeature *)

{
    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_SetFeature()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_SetFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRFeatureH hFeat)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hFeat, "OGR_L_SetFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetFeature(hLayer, hFeat);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetFeature(
        OGRFeature::FromHandle(hFeat));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           CreateFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::CreateFeature(OGRFeature *poFeature)

{
    ConvertGeomsIfNecessary(poFeature);
    return ICreateFeature(poFeature);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ICreateFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::ICreateFeature(OGRFeature *)

{
    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_CreateFeature()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_CreateFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRFeatureH hFeat)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_CreateFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hFeat, "OGR_L_CreateFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_CreateFeature(hLayer, hFeat);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->CreateFeature(
        OGRFeature::FromHandle(hFeat));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           UpsertFeature()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::UpsertFeature(OGRFeature *poFeature)

{
    ConvertGeomsIfNecessary(poFeature);
    return IUpsertFeature(poFeature);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           IUpsertFeature()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::IUpsertFeature(OGRFeature *)
{
    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_UpsertFeature()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_UpsertFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRFeatureH hFeat)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_UpsertFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hFeat, "OGR_L_UpsertFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_UpsertFeature(hLayer, hFeat);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->UpsertFeature(
        OGRFeature::FromHandle(hFeat));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           UpdateFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::UpdateFeature(OGRFeature *poFeature, int nUpdatedFieldsCount,
                               const int *panUpdatedFieldsIdx,
                               int nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount,
                               const int *panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx,
                               bool bUpdateStyleString)

{
    ConvertGeomsIfNecessary(poFeature);
    const int nFieldCount = GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldCount();
    for (int i = 0; i < nUpdatedFieldsCount; ++i)
    {
        if (panUpdatedFieldsIdx[i] < 0 || panUpdatedFieldsIdx[i] >= nFieldCount)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Invalid panUpdatedFieldsIdx[%d] = %d", i,
                     panUpdatedFieldsIdx[i]);
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }
    const int nGeomFieldCount = GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount();
    for (int i = 0; i < nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount; ++i)
    {
        if (panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx[i] < 0 ||
            panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx[i] >= nGeomFieldCount)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Invalid panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx[%d] = %d", i,
                     panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx[i]);
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }
    return IUpdateFeature(poFeature, nUpdatedFieldsCount, panUpdatedFieldsIdx,
                          nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount, panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx,
                          bUpdateStyleString);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           IUpdateFeature()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::IUpdateFeature(OGRFeature *poFeature, int nUpdatedFieldsCount,
                                const int *panUpdatedFieldsIdx,
                                int nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount,
                                const int *panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx,
                                bool bUpdateStyleString)
{
    if (!TestCapability(OLCRandomWrite))
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;

    auto poFeatureExisting =
        std::unique_ptr<OGRFeature>(GetFeature(poFeature->GetFID()));
    if (!poFeatureExisting)
        return OGRERR_NON_EXISTING_FEATURE;

    for (int i = 0; i < nUpdatedFieldsCount; ++i)
    {
        poFeatureExisting->SetField(
            panUpdatedFieldsIdx[i],
            poFeature->GetRawFieldRef(panUpdatedFieldsIdx[i]));
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount; ++i)
    {
        poFeatureExisting->SetGeomFieldDirectly(
            panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx[i],
            poFeature->StealGeometry(panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx[i]));
    }
    if (bUpdateStyleString)
    {
        poFeatureExisting->SetStyleString(poFeature->GetStyleString());
    }
    return ISetFeature(poFeatureExisting.get());
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_UpdateFeature()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_UpdateFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRFeatureH hFeat,
                           int nUpdatedFieldsCount,
                           const int *panUpdatedFieldsIdx,
                           int nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount,
                           const int *panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx,
                           bool bUpdateStyleString)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_UpdateFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hFeat, "OGR_L_UpdateFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->UpdateFeature(
        OGRFeature::FromHandle(hFeat), nUpdatedFieldsCount, panUpdatedFieldsIdx,
        nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount, panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx, bUpdateStyleString);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            CreateField()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::CreateField(const OGRFieldDefn *poField, int bApproxOK)

{
    (void)poField;
    (void)bApproxOK;

    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "CreateField() not supported by this layer.\n");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_CreateField()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_CreateField(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRFieldDefnH hField, int bApproxOK)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_CreateField", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hField, "OGR_L_CreateField", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_CreateField(hLayer, hField, bApproxOK);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->CreateField(
        OGRFieldDefn::FromHandle(hField), bApproxOK);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            DeleteField()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::DeleteField(int iField)

{
    (void)iField;

    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "DeleteField() not supported by this layer.\n");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_DeleteField()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_DeleteField(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iField)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_DeleteField", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_DeleteField(hLayer, iField);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->DeleteField(iField);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ReorderFields()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::ReorderFields(int *panMap)

{
    (void)panMap;

    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "ReorderFields() not supported by this layer.\n");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_ReorderFields()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_ReorderFields(OGRLayerH hLayer, int *panMap)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_ReorderFields", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_ReorderFields(hLayer, panMap);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->ReorderFields(panMap);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            ReorderField()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::ReorderField(int iOldFieldPos, int iNewFieldPos)

{
    OGRErr eErr;

    int nFieldCount = GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldCount();

    if (iOldFieldPos < 0 || iOldFieldPos >= nFieldCount)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, "Invalid field index");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }
    if (iNewFieldPos < 0 || iNewFieldPos >= nFieldCount)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, "Invalid field index");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }
    if (iNewFieldPos == iOldFieldPos)
        return OGRERR_NONE;

    int *panMap = static_cast<int *>(CPLMalloc(sizeof(int) * nFieldCount));
    if (iOldFieldPos < iNewFieldPos)
    {
        /* "0","1","2","3","4" (1,3) -> "0","2","3","1","4" */
        int i = 0;  // Used after for.
        for (; i < iOldFieldPos; i++)
            panMap[i] = i;
        for (; i < iNewFieldPos; i++)
            panMap[i] = i + 1;
        panMap[iNewFieldPos] = iOldFieldPos;
        for (i = iNewFieldPos + 1; i < nFieldCount; i++)
            panMap[i] = i;
    }
    else
    {
        /* "0","1","2","3","4" (3,1) -> "0","3","1","2","4" */
        for (int i = 0; i < iNewFieldPos; i++)
            panMap[i] = i;
        panMap[iNewFieldPos] = iOldFieldPos;
        int i = iNewFieldPos + 1;  // Used after for.
        for (; i <= iOldFieldPos; i++)
            panMap[i] = i - 1;
        for (; i < nFieldCount; i++)
            panMap[i] = i;
    }

    eErr = ReorderFields(panMap);

    CPLFree(panMap);

    return eErr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_ReorderField()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_ReorderField(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iOldFieldPos, int iNewFieldPos)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_ReorderField", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_ReorderField(hLayer, iOldFieldPos, iNewFieldPos);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->ReorderField(iOldFieldPos,
                                                      iNewFieldPos);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           AlterFieldDefn()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::AlterFieldDefn(int /* iField*/,
                                OGRFieldDefn * /*poNewFieldDefn*/,
                                int /* nFlags */)

{
    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "AlterFieldDefn() not supported by this layer.\n");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_AlterFieldDefn()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_AlterFieldDefn(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iField,
                            OGRFieldDefnH hNewFieldDefn, int nFlags)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_AlterFieldDefn", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hNewFieldDefn, "OGR_L_AlterFieldDefn",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_AlterFieldDefn(hLayer, iField, hNewFieldDefn, nFlags);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->AlterFieldDefn(
        iField, OGRFieldDefn::FromHandle(hNewFieldDefn), nFlags);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        AlterGeomFieldDefn()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr
OGRLayer::AlterGeomFieldDefn(int /* iGeomField*/,
                             const OGRGeomFieldDefn * /*poNewGeomFieldDefn*/,
                             int /* nFlags */)

{
    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "AlterGeomFieldDefn() not supported by this layer.\n");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGR_L_AlterGeomFieldDefn()                      */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_AlterGeomFieldDefn(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                                OGRGeomFieldDefnH hNewGeomFieldDefn, int nFlags)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_AlterGeomFieldDefn",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hNewGeomFieldDefn, "OGR_L_AlterGeomFieldDefn",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->AlterGeomFieldDefn(
        iGeomField,
        const_cast<const OGRGeomFieldDefn *>(
            OGRGeomFieldDefn::FromHandle(hNewGeomFieldDefn)),
        nFlags);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         CreateGeomField()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::CreateGeomField(const OGRGeomFieldDefn *poField, int bApproxOK)

{
    (void)poField;
    (void)bApproxOK;

    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "CreateGeomField() not supported by this layer.\n");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_CreateGeomField()                       */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_CreateGeomField(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRGeomFieldDefnH hField,
                             int bApproxOK)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_CreateGeomField", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hField, "OGR_L_CreateGeomField", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_CreateGeomField(hLayer, hField, bApproxOK);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->CreateGeomField(
        OGRGeomFieldDefn::FromHandle(hField), bApproxOK);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          StartTransaction()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::StartTransaction()

{
    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_StartTransaction()                       */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_StartTransaction(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_StartTransaction", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_StartTransaction(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->StartTransaction();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         CommitTransaction()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::CommitTransaction()

{
    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_CommitTransaction()                      */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_CommitTransaction(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_CommitTransaction", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_CommitTransaction(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->CommitTransaction();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        RollbackTransaction()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::RollbackTransaction()

{
    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     OGR_L_RollbackTransaction()                      */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_RollbackTransaction(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_RollbackTransaction",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_RollbackTransaction(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->RollbackTransaction();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_GetLayerDefn()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeatureDefnH OGR_L_GetLayerDefn(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetLayerDefn", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetLayerDefn(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRFeatureDefn::ToHandle(
        OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetLayerDefn());
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_FindFieldIndex()                       */
/************************************************************************/

int OGR_L_FindFieldIndex(OGRLayerH hLayer, const char *pszFieldName,
                         int bExactMatch)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_FindFieldIndex", -1);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_FindFieldIndex(hLayer, pszFieldName, bExactMatch);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->FindFieldIndex(pszFieldName,
                                                        bExactMatch);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           FindFieldIndex()                           */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRLayer::FindFieldIndex(const char *pszFieldName,
                             CPL_UNUSED int bExactMatch)
{
    return GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldIndex(pszFieldName);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           GetSpatialRef()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRSpatialReference *OGRLayer::GetSpatialRef()
{
    if (GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() > 0)
        return const_cast<OGRSpatialReference *>(
            GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldDefn(0)->GetSpatialRef());
    else
        return nullptr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_GetSpatialRef()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRSpatialReferenceH OGR_L_GetSpatialRef(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetSpatialRef", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetSpatialRef(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRSpatialReference::ToHandle(
        OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetSpatialRef());
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_TestCapability()                        */
/************************************************************************/

int OGR_L_TestCapability(OGRLayerH hLayer, const char *pszCap)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_TestCapability", 0);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pszCap, "OGR_L_TestCapability", 0);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_TestCapability(hLayer, pszCap);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->TestCapability(pszCap);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          GetSpatialFilter()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeometry *OGRLayer::GetSpatialFilter()

{
    return m_poFilterGeom;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_GetSpatialFilter()                       */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeometryH OGR_L_GetSpatialFilter(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetSpatialFilter", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetSpatialFilter(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRGeometry::ToHandle(
        OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetSpatialFilter());
}

/************************************************************************/
/*             ValidateGeometryFieldIndexForSetSpatialFilter()          */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
bool OGRLayer::ValidateGeometryFieldIndexForSetSpatialFilter(
    int iGeomField, const OGRGeometry *poGeomIn, bool bIsSelectLayer)
{
    if (iGeomField == 0 && poGeomIn == nullptr &&
        GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() == 0)
    {
        // Setting a null spatial filter on geometry field idx 0
        // when there are no geometry field can't harm, and is accepted silently
        // for backward compatibility with existing practice.
    }
    else if (iGeomField < 0 ||
             iGeomField >= GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount())
    {
        if (iGeomField == 0)
        {
            CPLError(
                CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                bIsSelectLayer
                    ? "Cannot set spatial filter: no geometry field selected."
                    : "Cannot set spatial filter: no geometry field present in "
                      "layer.");
        }
        else
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Cannot set spatial filter on non-existing geometry field "
                     "of index %d.",
                     iGeomField);
        }
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SetSpatialFilter()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Set a new spatial filter.

 This method set the geometry to be used as a spatial filter when
 fetching features via the GetNextFeature() method.  Only features that
 geometrically intersect the filter geometry will be returned.

 Currently this test is may be inaccurately implemented, but it is
 guaranteed that all features whose envelope (as returned by
 OGRGeometry::getEnvelope()) overlaps the envelope of the spatial filter
 will be returned.  This can result in more shapes being returned that
 should strictly be the case.

 Starting with GDAL 2.3, features with null or empty geometries will never
 be considered as matching a spatial filter.

 This method makes an internal copy of the passed geometry.  The
 passed geometry remains the responsibility of the caller, and may
 be safely destroyed.

 For the time being the passed filter geometry should be in the same
 SRS as the layer (as returned by OGRLayer::GetSpatialRef()).  In the
 future this may be generalized.

 This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_SetSpatialFilter().

 @param poFilter the geometry to use as a filtering region.  NULL may
 be passed indicating that the current spatial filter should be cleared,
 but no new one instituted.
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter(const OGRGeometry *poFilter)

{
    return SetSpatialFilter(0, poFilter);
}

/**
 \brief Set a new spatial filter.

 This method set the geometry to be used as a spatial filter when
 fetching features via the GetNextFeature() method.  Only features that
 geometrically intersect the filter geometry will be returned.

 Currently this test is may be inaccurately implemented, but it is
 guaranteed that all features who's envelope (as returned by
 OGRGeometry::getEnvelope()) overlaps the envelope of the spatial filter
 will be returned.  This can result in more shapes being returned that
 should strictly be the case.

 This method makes an internal copy of the passed geometry.  The
 passed geometry remains the responsibility of the caller, and may
 be safely destroyed.

 For the time being the passed filter geometry should be in the same
 SRS as the geometry field definition it corresponds to (as returned by
 GetLayerDefn()->OGRFeatureDefn::GetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomField)->GetSpatialRef()).  In the
 future this may be generalized.

 Note that only the last spatial filter set is applied, even if several
 successive calls are done with different iGeomField values.

 This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterEx().

 @param iGeomField index of the geometry field on which the spatial filter
 operates.
 @param poFilter the geometry to use as a filtering region.  NULL may
 be passed indicating that the current spatial filter should be cleared,
 but no new one instituted.

 @since GDAL 1.11
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter(int iGeomField, const OGRGeometry *poFilter)

{
    if (iGeomField == 0)
    {
        if (poFilter &&
            !ValidateGeometryFieldIndexForSetSpatialFilter(0, poFilter))
        {
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (!ValidateGeometryFieldIndexForSetSpatialFilter(iGeomField,
                                                           poFilter))
        {
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }

    return ISetSpatialFilter(iGeomField, poFilter);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         ISetSpatialFilter()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Set a new spatial filter.

 Virtual method implemented by drivers since 3.11. In previous versions,
 SetSpatialFilter() / SetSpatialFilterRect() itself was the virtual method.

 Driver implementations, when wanting to call the base method, must take
 care of calling OGRLayer::ISetSpatialFilter() (and note the public method without
 the leading I).

 @param iGeomField index of the geometry field on which the spatial filter
 operates.
 @param poFilter the geometry to use as a filtering region.  NULL may
 be passed indicating that the current spatial filter should be cleared,
 but no new one instituted.

 @since GDAL 3.11
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::ISetSpatialFilter(int iGeomField, const OGRGeometry *poFilter)

{
    m_iGeomFieldFilter = iGeomField;
    if (InstallFilter(poFilter))
        ResetReading();
    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_SetSpatialFilter()                       */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Set a new spatial filter.

 This function set the geometry to be used as a spatial filter when
 fetching features via the OGR_L_GetNextFeature() function.  Only
 features that geometrically intersect the filter geometry will be
 returned.

 Currently this test is may be inaccurately implemented, but it is
 guaranteed that all features whose envelope (as returned by
 OGR_G_GetEnvelope()) overlaps the envelope of the spatial filter
 will be returned.  This can result in more shapes being returned that
 should strictly be the case.

 Starting with GDAL 2.3, features with null or empty geometries will never
 be considered as matching a spatial filter.

 This function makes an internal copy of the passed geometry.  The
 passed geometry remains the responsibility of the caller, and may
 be safely destroyed.

 For the time being the passed filter geometry should be in the same
 SRS as the layer (as returned by OGR_L_GetSpatialRef()).  In the
 future this may be generalized.

 This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter.

 @param hLayer handle to the layer on which to set the spatial filter.
 @param hGeom handle to the geometry to use as a filtering region.  NULL may
 be passed indicating that the current spatial filter should be cleared,
 but no new one instituted.

 */

void OGR_L_SetSpatialFilter(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRGeometryH hGeom)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetSpatialFilter");

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetSpatialFilter(hLayer, hGeom);
#endif

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetSpatialFilter(
        OGRGeometry::FromHandle(hGeom));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterEx()                      */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Set a new spatial filter.

 This function set the geometry to be used as a spatial filter when
 fetching features via the OGR_L_GetNextFeature() function.  Only
 features that geometrically intersect the filter geometry will be
 returned.

 Currently this test is may be inaccurately implemented, but it is
 guaranteed that all features who's envelope (as returned by
 OGR_G_GetEnvelope()) overlaps the envelope of the spatial filter
 will be returned.  This can result in more shapes being returned that
 should strictly be the case.

 This function makes an internal copy of the passed geometry.  The
 passed geometry remains the responsibility of the caller, and may
 be safely destroyed.

 For the time being the passed filter geometry should be in the same
 SRS as the geometry field definition it corresponds to (as returned by
 GetLayerDefn()->OGRFeatureDefn::GetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomField)->GetSpatialRef()).  In the
 future this may be generalized.

 Note that only the last spatial filter set is applied, even if several
 successive calls are done with different iGeomField values.

 This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter.

 @param hLayer handle to the layer on which to set the spatial filter.
 @param iGeomField index of the geometry field on which the spatial filter
 operates.
 @param hGeom handle to the geometry to use as a filtering region.  NULL may
 be passed indicating that the current spatial filter should be cleared,
 but no new one instituted.

 @since GDAL 1.11

 */

void OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterEx(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                              OGRGeometryH hGeom)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterEx");

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetSpatialFilterEx(hLayer, iGeomField, hGeom);
#endif

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetSpatialFilter(
        iGeomField, OGRGeometry::FromHandle(hGeom));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        SetSpatialFilterRect()                        */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Set a new rectangular spatial filter.

 This method set rectangle to be used as a spatial filter when
 fetching features via the GetNextFeature() method.  Only features that
 geometrically intersect the given rectangle will be returned.

 The x/y values should be in the same coordinate system as the layer as
 a whole (as returned by OGRLayer::GetSpatialRef()).   Internally this
 method is normally implemented as creating a 5 vertex closed rectangular
 polygon and passing it to OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter().  It exists as
 a convenience.

 The only way to clear a spatial filter set with this method is to
 call OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter(NULL).

 This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRect().

 @param dfMinX the minimum X coordinate for the rectangular region.
 @param dfMinY the minimum Y coordinate for the rectangular region.
 @param dfMaxX the maximum X coordinate for the rectangular region.
 @param dfMaxY the maximum Y coordinate for the rectangular region.

 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilterRect(double dfMinX, double dfMinY,
                                      double dfMaxX, double dfMaxY)

{
    return SetSpatialFilterRect(0, dfMinX, dfMinY, dfMaxX, dfMaxY);
}

/**
 \brief Set a new rectangular spatial filter.

 This method set rectangle to be used as a spatial filter when
 fetching features via the GetNextFeature() method.  Only features that
 geometrically intersect the given rectangle will be returned.

 The x/y values should be in the same coordinate system as as the geometry
 field definition it corresponds to (as returned by
 GetLayerDefn()->OGRFeatureDefn::GetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomField)->GetSpatialRef()). Internally this
 method is normally implemented as creating a 5 vertex closed rectangular
 polygon and passing it to OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter().  It exists as
 a convenience.

 The only way to clear a spatial filter set with this method is to
 call OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter(NULL).

 This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRectEx().

 @param iGeomField index of the geometry field on which the spatial filter
 operates.
 @param dfMinX the minimum X coordinate for the rectangular region.
 @param dfMinY the minimum Y coordinate for the rectangular region.
 @param dfMaxX the maximum X coordinate for the rectangular region.
 @param dfMaxY the maximum Y coordinate for the rectangular region.

 @since GDAL 1.11
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilterRect(int iGeomField, double dfMinX,
                                      double dfMinY, double dfMaxX,
                                      double dfMaxY)

{
    auto poRing = std::make_unique<OGRLinearRing>();
    OGRPolygon oPoly;

    poRing->addPoint(dfMinX, dfMinY);
    poRing->addPoint(dfMinX, dfMaxY);
    poRing->addPoint(dfMaxX, dfMaxY);
    poRing->addPoint(dfMaxX, dfMinY);
    poRing->addPoint(dfMinX, dfMinY);

    oPoly.addRing(std::move(poRing));

    return SetSpatialFilter(iGeomField, &oPoly);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRect()                     */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Set a new rectangular spatial filter.

 This method set rectangle to be used as a spatial filter when
 fetching features via the OGR_L_GetNextFeature() method.  Only features that
 geometrically intersect the given rectangle will be returned.

 The x/y values should be in the same coordinate system as the layer as
 a whole (as returned by OGRLayer::GetSpatialRef()).   Internally this
 method is normally implemented as creating a 5 vertex closed rectangular
 polygon and passing it to OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter().  It exists as
 a convenience.

 The only way to clear a spatial filter set with this method is to
 call OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter(NULL).

 This method is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilterRect().

 @param hLayer handle to the layer on which to set the spatial filter.
 @param dfMinX the minimum X coordinate for the rectangular region.
 @param dfMinY the minimum Y coordinate for the rectangular region.
 @param dfMaxX the maximum X coordinate for the rectangular region.
 @param dfMaxY the maximum Y coordinate for the rectangular region.

 */

void OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRect(OGRLayerH hLayer, double dfMinX, double dfMinY,
                                double dfMaxX, double dfMaxY)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRect");

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetSpatialFilterRect(hLayer, dfMinX, dfMinY, dfMaxX,
                                         dfMaxY);
#endif

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetSpatialFilterRect(dfMinX, dfMinY, dfMaxX,
                                                       dfMaxY);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                    OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRectEx()                    */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 \brief Set a new rectangular spatial filter.

 This method set rectangle to be used as a spatial filter when
 fetching features via the OGR_L_GetNextFeature() method.  Only features that
 geometrically intersect the given rectangle will be returned.

 The x/y values should be in the same coordinate system as as the geometry
 field definition it corresponds to (as returned by
 GetLayerDefn()->OGRFeatureDefn::GetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomField)->GetSpatialRef()). Internally this
 method is normally implemented as creating a 5 vertex closed rectangular
 polygon and passing it to OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter().  It exists as
 a convenience.

 The only way to clear a spatial filter set with this method is to
 call OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter(NULL).

 This method is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilterRect().

 @param hLayer handle to the layer on which to set the spatial filter.
 @param iGeomField index of the geometry field on which the spatial filter
 operates.
 @param dfMinX the minimum X coordinate for the rectangular region.
 @param dfMinY the minimum Y coordinate for the rectangular region.
 @param dfMaxX the maximum X coordinate for the rectangular region.
 @param dfMaxY the maximum Y coordinate for the rectangular region.

 @since GDAL 1.11
 */

void OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRectEx(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                                  double dfMinX, double dfMinY, double dfMaxX,
                                  double dfMaxY)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRectEx");

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetSpatialFilterRectEx(hLayer, iGeomField, dfMinX, dfMinY,
                                           dfMaxX, dfMaxY);
#endif

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetSpatialFilterRect(iGeomField, dfMinX,
                                                       dfMinY, dfMaxX, dfMaxY);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           InstallFilter()                            */
/*                                                                      */
/*      This method is only intended to be used from within             */
/*      drivers, normally from the SetSpatialFilter() method.           */
/*      It installs a filter, and also tests it to see if it is         */
/*      rectangular.  If so, it this is kept track of alongside the     */
/*      filter geometry itself so we can do cheaper comparisons in      */
/*      the FilterGeometry() call.                                      */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Returns TRUE if the newly installed filter differs in some      */
/*      way from the current one.                                       */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
int OGRLayer::InstallFilter(const OGRGeometry *poFilter)

{
    if (m_poFilterGeom == poFilter)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Replace the existing filter.                                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (m_poFilterGeom != nullptr)
    {
        delete m_poFilterGeom;
        m_poFilterGeom = nullptr;
    }

    if (m_pPreparedFilterGeom != nullptr)
    {
        OGRDestroyPreparedGeometry(m_pPreparedFilterGeom);
        m_pPreparedFilterGeom = nullptr;
    }

    if (poFilter != nullptr)
        m_poFilterGeom = poFilter->clone();

    m_bFilterIsEnvelope = FALSE;

    if (m_poFilterGeom == nullptr)
        return TRUE;

    m_poFilterGeom->getEnvelope(&m_sFilterEnvelope);

    /* Compile geometry filter as a prepared geometry */
    m_pPreparedFilterGeom =
        OGRCreatePreparedGeometry(OGRGeometry::ToHandle(m_poFilterGeom));

    m_bFilterIsEnvelope = m_poFilterGeom->IsRectangle();

    return TRUE;
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                   DoesGeometryHavePointInEnvelope()                  */
/************************************************************************/

static bool DoesGeometryHavePointInEnvelope(const OGRGeometry *poGeometry,
                                            const OGREnvelope &sEnvelope)
{
    const OGRLineString *poLS = nullptr;

    switch (wkbFlatten(poGeometry->getGeometryType()))
    {
        case wkbPoint:
        {
            const auto poPoint = poGeometry->toPoint();
            const double x = poPoint->getX();
            const double y = poPoint->getY();
            return (x >= sEnvelope.MinX && y >= sEnvelope.MinY &&
                    x <= sEnvelope.MaxX && y <= sEnvelope.MaxY);
        }

        case wkbLineString:
            poLS = poGeometry->toLineString();
            break;

        case wkbPolygon:
        {
            const OGRPolygon *poPoly = poGeometry->toPolygon();
            poLS = poPoly->getExteriorRing();
            break;
        }

        case wkbMultiPoint:
        case wkbMultiLineString:
        case wkbMultiPolygon:
        case wkbGeometryCollection:
        {
            for (const auto &poSubGeom : *(poGeometry->toGeometryCollection()))
            {
                if (DoesGeometryHavePointInEnvelope(poSubGeom, sEnvelope))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        default:
            return false;
    }

    if (poLS != nullptr)
    {
        const int nNumPoints = poLS->getNumPoints();
        for (int i = 0; i < nNumPoints; i++)
        {
            const double x = poLS->getX(i);
            const double y = poLS->getY(i);
            if (x >= sEnvelope.MinX && y >= sEnvelope.MinY &&
                x <= sEnvelope.MaxX && y <= sEnvelope.MaxY)
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    return false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           FilterGeometry()                           */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Compare the passed in geometry to the currently installed       */
/*      filter.  Optimize for case where filter is just an              */
/*      envelope.                                                       */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
int OGRLayer::FilterGeometry(const OGRGeometry *poGeometry)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      In trivial cases of new filter or target geometry, we accept    */
    /*      an intersection.  No geometry is taken to mean "the whole       */
    /*      world".                                                         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (m_poFilterGeom == nullptr)
        return TRUE;

    if (poGeometry == nullptr || poGeometry->IsEmpty())
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Compute the target geometry envelope, and if there is no        */
    /*      intersection between the envelopes we are sure not to have      */
    /*      any intersection.                                               */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGREnvelope sGeomEnv;

    poGeometry->getEnvelope(&sGeomEnv);

    if (sGeomEnv.MaxX < m_sFilterEnvelope.MinX ||
        sGeomEnv.MaxY < m_sFilterEnvelope.MinY ||
        m_sFilterEnvelope.MaxX < sGeomEnv.MinX ||
        m_sFilterEnvelope.MaxY < sGeomEnv.MinY)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If the filter geometry is its own envelope and if the           */
    /*      envelope of the geometry is inside the filter geometry,         */
    /*      the geometry itself is inside the filter geometry               */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (m_bFilterIsEnvelope && sGeomEnv.MinX >= m_sFilterEnvelope.MinX &&
        sGeomEnv.MinY >= m_sFilterEnvelope.MinY &&
        sGeomEnv.MaxX <= m_sFilterEnvelope.MaxX &&
        sGeomEnv.MaxY <= m_sFilterEnvelope.MaxY)
    {
        return TRUE;
    }
    else
    {
        // If the filter geometry is its own envelope and if the geometry has
        // at least one point inside the filter geometry, the geometry itself
        // intersects the filter geometry.
        if (m_bFilterIsEnvelope)
        {
            if (DoesGeometryHavePointInEnvelope(poGeometry, m_sFilterEnvelope))
                return true;
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Fallback to full intersect test (using GEOS) if we still */
        /*      don't know for sure. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        if (OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
        {
            // CPLDebug("OGRLayer", "GEOS intersection");
            if (m_pPreparedFilterGeom != nullptr)
                return OGRPreparedGeometryIntersects(
                    m_pPreparedFilterGeom,
                    OGRGeometry::ToHandle(
                        const_cast<OGRGeometry *>(poGeometry)));
            else
                return m_poFilterGeom->Intersects(poGeometry);
        }
        else
            return TRUE;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         FilterWKBGeometry()                          */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRLayer::FilterWKBGeometry(const GByte *pabyWKB, size_t nWKBSize,
                                 bool bEnvelopeAlreadySet,
                                 OGREnvelope &sEnvelope) const
{
    OGRPreparedGeometry *pPreparedFilterGeom = m_pPreparedFilterGeom;
    bool bRet = FilterWKBGeometry(
        pabyWKB, nWKBSize, bEnvelopeAlreadySet, sEnvelope, m_poFilterGeom,
        m_bFilterIsEnvelope, m_sFilterEnvelope, pPreparedFilterGeom);
    const_cast<OGRLayer *>(this)->m_pPreparedFilterGeom = pPreparedFilterGeom;
    return bRet;
}

/* static */
bool OGRLayer::FilterWKBGeometry(const GByte *pabyWKB, size_t nWKBSize,
                                 bool bEnvelopeAlreadySet,
                                 OGREnvelope &sEnvelope,
                                 const OGRGeometry *poFilterGeom,
                                 bool bFilterIsEnvelope,
                                 const OGREnvelope &sFilterEnvelope,
                                 OGRPreparedGeometry *&pPreparedFilterGeom)
{
    if (!poFilterGeom)
        return true;

    if ((bEnvelopeAlreadySet ||
         OGRWKBGetBoundingBox(pabyWKB, nWKBSize, sEnvelope)) &&
        sFilterEnvelope.Intersects(sEnvelope))
    {
        if (bFilterIsEnvelope && sFilterEnvelope.Contains(sEnvelope))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            if (bFilterIsEnvelope &&
                OGRWKBIntersectsPessimistic(pabyWKB, nWKBSize, sFilterEnvelope))
            {
                return true;
            }
            else if (OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
            {
                OGRGeometry *poGeom = nullptr;
                int ret = FALSE;
                if (OGRGeometryFactory::createFromWkb(pabyWKB, nullptr, &poGeom,
                                                      nWKBSize) == OGRERR_NONE)
                {
                    if (!pPreparedFilterGeom)
                    {
                        pPreparedFilterGeom =
                            OGRCreatePreparedGeometry(OGRGeometry::ToHandle(
                                const_cast<OGRGeometry *>(poFilterGeom)));
                    }
                    if (pPreparedFilterGeom)
                        ret = OGRPreparedGeometryIntersects(
                            pPreparedFilterGeom,
                            OGRGeometry::ToHandle(
                                const_cast<OGRGeometry *>(poGeom)));
                    else
                        ret = poFilterGeom->Intersects(poGeom);
                }
                delete poGeom;
                return CPL_TO_BOOL(ret);
            }
            else
            {
                // Assume intersection
                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    return false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          PrepareStartTransaction()                   */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRLayer::PrepareStartTransaction()
{
    m_apoFieldDefnChanges.clear();
    m_apoGeomFieldDefnChanges.clear();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          FinishRollbackTransaction()                 */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRLayer::FinishRollbackTransaction(const std::string &osSavepointName)
{

    // Deleted fields can be safely removed from the storage after being restored.
    std::vector<int> toBeRemoved;

    bool bSavepointFound = false;

    // Loop through all changed fields and reset them to their previous state.
    for (int i = static_cast<int>(m_apoFieldDefnChanges.size()) - 1; i >= 0;
         i--)
    {
        auto &oFieldChange = m_apoFieldDefnChanges[i];

        if (!osSavepointName.empty())
        {
            if (oFieldChange.osSavepointName == osSavepointName)
            {
                bSavepointFound = true;
            }
            else if (bSavepointFound)
            {
                continue;
            }
        }

        CPLAssert(oFieldChange.poFieldDefn);
        const char *pszName = oFieldChange.poFieldDefn->GetNameRef();
        const int iField = oFieldChange.iField;
        if (iField >= 0)
        {
            switch (oFieldChange.eChangeType)
            {
                case FieldChangeType::DELETE_FIELD:
                {
                    // Transfer ownership of the field to the layer
                    whileUnsealing(GetLayerDefn())
                        ->AddFieldDefn(std::move(oFieldChange.poFieldDefn));

                    // Now move the field to the right place
                    // from the last position to its original position
                    const int iFieldCount = GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldCount();
                    CPLAssert(iFieldCount > 0);
                    CPLAssert(iFieldCount > iField);
                    std::vector<int> anOrder(iFieldCount);
                    for (int j = 0; j < iField; j++)
                    {
                        anOrder[j] = j;
                    }
                    for (int j = iField + 1; j < iFieldCount; j++)
                    {
                        anOrder[j] = j - 1;
                    }
                    anOrder[iField] = iFieldCount - 1;
                    if (OGRERR_NONE == whileUnsealing(GetLayerDefn())
                                           ->ReorderFieldDefns(anOrder.data()))
                    {
                        toBeRemoved.push_back(i);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                                 "Failed to restore deleted field %s", pszName);
                    }
                    break;
                }
                case FieldChangeType::ALTER_FIELD:
                {
                    OGRFieldDefn *poFieldDefn =
                        GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldDefn(iField);
                    if (poFieldDefn)
                    {
                        *poFieldDefn = *oFieldChange.poFieldDefn;
                        toBeRemoved.push_back(i);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                                 "Failed to restore altered field %s", pszName);
                    }
                    break;
                }
                case FieldChangeType::ADD_FIELD:
                {
                    std::unique_ptr<OGRFieldDefn> poFieldDef =
                        GetLayerDefn()->StealFieldDefn(iField);
                    if (poFieldDef)
                    {
                        oFieldChange.poFieldDefn = std::move(poFieldDef);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                                 "Failed to delete added field %s", pszName);
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Failed to restore field %s (field not found at index %d)",
                     pszName, iField);
        }
    }

    // Remove from the storage the deleted fields that have been restored
    for (const auto &i : toBeRemoved)
    {
        m_apoFieldDefnChanges.erase(m_apoFieldDefnChanges.begin() + i);
    }

    /**********************************************************************/
    /* Reset geometry fields to their previous state.                    */
    /**********************************************************************/

    bSavepointFound = false;

    // Loop through all changed geometry fields and reset them to their previous state.
    for (int i = static_cast<int>(m_apoGeomFieldDefnChanges.size()) - 1; i >= 0;
         i--)
    {
        auto &oGeomFieldChange = m_apoGeomFieldDefnChanges[i];

        if (!osSavepointName.empty())
        {
            if (oGeomFieldChange.osSavepointName == osSavepointName)
            {
                bSavepointFound = true;
            }
            else if (bSavepointFound)
            {
                continue;
            }
        }
        const char *pszName = oGeomFieldChange.poFieldDefn->GetNameRef();
        const int iGeomField = oGeomFieldChange.iField;
        if (iGeomField >= 0)
        {
            switch (oGeomFieldChange.eChangeType)
            {
                case FieldChangeType::DELETE_FIELD:
                case FieldChangeType::ALTER_FIELD:
                {
                    // Currently not handled by OGR for geometry fields
                    break;
                }
                case FieldChangeType::ADD_FIELD:
                {
                    std::unique_ptr<OGRGeomFieldDefn> poGeomFieldDef =
                        GetLayerDefn()->StealGeomFieldDefn(
                            oGeomFieldChange.iField);
                    if (poGeomFieldDef)
                    {
                        oGeomFieldChange.poFieldDefn =
                            std::move(poGeomFieldDef);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                                 "Failed to delete added geometry field %s",
                                 pszName);
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Failed to restore geometry field %s (field not found at "
                     "index %d)",
                     pszName, oGeomFieldChange.iField);
        }
    }
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_ResetReading()                         */
/************************************************************************/

void OGR_L_ResetReading(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_ResetReading");

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_ResetReading(hLayer);
#endif

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->ResetReading();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       InitializeIndexSupport()                       */
/*                                                                      */
/*      This is only intended to be called by driver layer              */
/*      implementations but we don't make it protected so that the      */
/*      datasources can do it too if that is more appropriate.          */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
OGRErr
OGRLayer::InitializeIndexSupport([[maybe_unused]] const char *pszFilename)

{
#ifdef HAVE_MITAB
    OGRErr eErr;

    if (m_poAttrIndex != nullptr)
        return OGRERR_NONE;

    m_poAttrIndex = OGRCreateDefaultLayerIndex();

    eErr = m_poAttrIndex->Initialize(pszFilename, this);
    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
    {
        delete m_poAttrIndex;
        m_poAttrIndex = nullptr;
    }

    return eErr;
#else
    return OGRERR_FAILURE;
#endif
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                             SyncToDisk()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::SyncToDisk()

{
    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_SyncToDisk()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_SyncToDisk(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_SyncToDisk", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SyncToDisk(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SyncToDisk();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           DeleteFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::DeleteFeature(CPL_UNUSED GIntBig nFID)
{
    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_DeleteFeature()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_DeleteFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer, GIntBig nFID)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_DeleteFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_DeleteFeature(hLayer, nFID);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->DeleteFeature(nFID);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          GetFeaturesRead()                           */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
GIntBig OGRLayer::GetFeaturesRead()

{
    return m_nFeaturesRead;
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_GetFeaturesRead()                        */
/************************************************************************/

GIntBig OGR_L_GetFeaturesRead(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetFeaturesRead", 0);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetFeaturesRead();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetFIDColumn                             */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGRLayer::GetFIDColumn()

{
    return "";
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_GetFIDColumn()                         */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGR_L_GetFIDColumn(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetFIDColumn", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetFIDColumn(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetFIDColumn();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         GetGeometryColumn()                          */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGRLayer::GetGeometryColumn()

{
    if (GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() > 0)
        return GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldDefn(0)->GetNameRef();
    else
        return "";
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGR_L_GetGeometryColumn()                       */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGR_L_GetGeometryColumn(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetGeometryColumn", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetGeometryColumn(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetGeometryColumn();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetStyleTable()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRStyleTable *OGRLayer::GetStyleTable()
{
    return m_poStyleTable;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         SetStyleTableDirectly()                      */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRLayer::SetStyleTableDirectly(OGRStyleTable *poStyleTable)
{
    if (m_poStyleTable)
        delete m_poStyleTable;
    m_poStyleTable = poStyleTable;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            SetStyleTable()                           */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRLayer::SetStyleTable(OGRStyleTable *poStyleTable)
{
    if (m_poStyleTable)
        delete m_poStyleTable;
    if (poStyleTable)
        m_poStyleTable = poStyleTable->Clone();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_GetStyleTable()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRStyleTableH OGR_L_GetStyleTable(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetStyleTable", nullptr);

    return reinterpret_cast<OGRStyleTableH>(
        OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetStyleTable());
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_SetStyleTableDirectly()                */
/************************************************************************/

void OGR_L_SetStyleTableDirectly(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRStyleTableH hStyleTable)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetStyleTableDirectly");

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetStyleTableDirectly(
        reinterpret_cast<OGRStyleTable *>(hStyleTable));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_SetStyleTable()                        */
/************************************************************************/

void OGR_L_SetStyleTable(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRStyleTableH hStyleTable)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetStyleTable");
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hStyleTable, "OGR_L_SetStyleTable");

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetStyleTable(
        reinterpret_cast<OGRStyleTable *>(hStyleTable));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               GetName()                              */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGRLayer::GetName()

{
    return GetLayerDefn()->GetName();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGR_L_GetName()                            */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGR_L_GetName(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetName", "");

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetName(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetName();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetGeomType()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRwkbGeometryType OGRLayer::GetGeomType()
{
    OGRFeatureDefn *poLayerDefn = GetLayerDefn();
    if (poLayerDefn == nullptr)
    {
        CPLDebug("OGR", "GetLayerType() returns NULL !");
        return wkbUnknown;
    }
    return poLayerDefn->GetGeomType();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_GetGeomType()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRwkbGeometryType OGR_L_GetGeomType(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetGeomType", wkbUnknown);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetGeomType(hLayer);
#endif

    OGRwkbGeometryType eType = OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetGeomType();
    if (OGR_GT_IsNonLinear(eType) && !OGRGetNonLinearGeometriesEnabledFlag())
    {
        eType = OGR_GT_GetLinear(eType);
    }
    return eType;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SetIgnoredFields()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::SetIgnoredFields(CSLConstList papszFields)
{
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefn = GetLayerDefn();

    // first set everything as *not* ignored
    for (int iField = 0; iField < poDefn->GetFieldCount(); iField++)
    {
        poDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField)->SetIgnored(FALSE);
    }
    for (int iField = 0; iField < poDefn->GetGeomFieldCount(); iField++)
    {
        poDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(iField)->SetIgnored(FALSE);
    }
    poDefn->SetStyleIgnored(FALSE);

    // ignore some fields
    for (const char *pszFieldName : cpl::Iterate(papszFields))
    {
        // check special fields
        if (EQUAL(pszFieldName, "OGR_GEOMETRY"))
            poDefn->SetGeometryIgnored(TRUE);
        else if (EQUAL(pszFieldName, "OGR_STYLE"))
            poDefn->SetStyleIgnored(TRUE);
        else
        {
            // check ordinary fields
            int iField = poDefn->GetFieldIndex(pszFieldName);
            if (iField == -1)
            {
                // check geometry field
                iField = poDefn->GetGeomFieldIndex(pszFieldName);
                if (iField == -1)
                {
                    return OGRERR_FAILURE;
                }
                else
                    poDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(iField)->SetIgnored(TRUE);
            }
            else
                poDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField)->SetIgnored(TRUE);
        }
    }

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_SetIgnoredFields()                       */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_SetIgnoredFields(OGRLayerH hLayer, const char **papszFields)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetIgnoredFields", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetIgnoredFields(hLayer, papszFields);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetIgnoredFields(papszFields);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             Rename()                                 */
/************************************************************************/

/** Rename layer.
 *
 * This operation is implemented only by layers that expose the OLCRename
 * capability, and drivers that expose the GDAL_DCAP_RENAME_LAYERS capability
 *
 * This operation will fail if a layer with the new name already exists.
 *
 * On success, GetDescription() and GetLayerDefn()->GetName() will return
 * pszNewName.
 *
 * Renaming the layer may interrupt current feature iteration.
 *
 * @param pszNewName New layer name. Must not be NULL.
 * @return OGRERR_NONE in case of success
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.5
 */
OGRErr OGRLayer::Rename(CPL_UNUSED const char *pszNewName)
{
    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "Rename() not supported by this layer.");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGR_L_Rename()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/** Rename layer.
 *
 * This operation is implemented only by layers that expose the OLCRename
 * capability, and drivers that expose the GDAL_DCAP_RENAME_LAYERS capability
 *
 * This operation will fail if a layer with the new name already exists.
 *
 * On success, GetDescription() and GetLayerDefn()->GetName() will return
 * pszNewName.
 *
 * Renaming the layer may interrupt current feature iteration.
 *
 * @param hLayer     Layer to rename.
 * @param pszNewName New layer name. Must not be NULL.
 * @return OGRERR_NONE in case of success
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.5
 */
OGRErr OGR_L_Rename(OGRLayerH hLayer, const char *pszNewName)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_Rename", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pszNewName, "OGR_L_Rename", OGRERR_FAILURE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->Rename(pszNewName);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*         helper functions for layer overlay methods                   */
/************************************************************************/

static OGRErr clone_spatial_filter(OGRLayer *pLayer, OGRGeometry **ppGeometry)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRGeometry *g = pLayer->GetSpatialFilter();
    *ppGeometry = g ? g->clone() : nullptr;
    return ret;
}

static OGRErr create_field_map(OGRFeatureDefn *poDefn, int **map)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    int n = poDefn->GetFieldCount();
    if (n > 0)
    {
        *map = static_cast<int *>(VSI_MALLOC_VERBOSE(sizeof(int) * n));
        if (!(*map))
            return OGRERR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            (*map)[i] = -1;
    }
    return ret;
}

static OGRErr set_result_schema(OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                                OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput,
                                OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnMethod, int *mapInput,
                                int *mapMethod, bool combined,
                                const char *const *papszOptions)
{
    if (!CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "ADD_FIELDS", "YES")))
        return OGRERR_NONE;

    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();
    const char *pszInputPrefix =
        CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "INPUT_PREFIX");
    const char *pszMethodPrefix =
        CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "METHOD_PREFIX");
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    if (poDefnResult->GetFieldCount() > 0)
    {
        // the user has defined the schema of the output layer
        if (mapInput)
        {
            for (int iField = 0; iField < poDefnInput->GetFieldCount();
                 iField++)
            {
                CPLString osName(
                    poDefnInput->GetFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
                if (pszInputPrefix != nullptr)
                    osName = pszInputPrefix + osName;
                mapInput[iField] = poDefnResult->GetFieldIndex(osName);
            }
        }
        if (!mapMethod)
            return ret;
        // cppcheck-suppress nullPointer
        for (int iField = 0; iField < poDefnMethod->GetFieldCount(); iField++)
        {
            // cppcheck-suppress nullPointer
            CPLString osName(poDefnMethod->GetFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
            if (pszMethodPrefix != nullptr)
                osName = pszMethodPrefix + osName;
            mapMethod[iField] = poDefnResult->GetFieldIndex(osName);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // use schema from the input layer or from input and method layers
        const int nFieldsInput = poDefnInput->GetFieldCount();

        // If no prefix is specified and we have input+method layers, make
        // sure we will generate unique field names
        std::set<std::string> oSetInputFieldNames;
        std::set<std::string> oSetMethodFieldNames;
        if (poDefnMethod != nullptr && pszInputPrefix == nullptr &&
            pszMethodPrefix == nullptr)
        {
            for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldsInput; iField++)
            {
                oSetInputFieldNames.insert(
                    poDefnInput->GetFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
            }
            const int nFieldsMethod = poDefnMethod->GetFieldCount();
            for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldsMethod; iField++)
            {
                oSetMethodFieldNames.insert(
                    poDefnMethod->GetFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
            }
        }

        const bool bAddInputFields = CPLTestBool(
            CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "ADD_INPUT_FIELDS", "YES"));
        if (bAddInputFields)
        {
            for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldsInput; iField++)
            {
                OGRFieldDefn oFieldDefn(poDefnInput->GetFieldDefn(iField));
                if (pszInputPrefix != nullptr)
                    oFieldDefn.SetName(CPLSPrintf("%s%s", pszInputPrefix,
                                                  oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()));
                else if (!oSetMethodFieldNames.empty() &&
                         oSetMethodFieldNames.find(oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()) !=
                             oSetMethodFieldNames.end())
                {
                    // Field of same name present in method layer
                    oFieldDefn.SetName(
                        CPLSPrintf("input_%s", oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()));
                }
                ret = pLayerResult->CreateField(&oFieldDefn);
                if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                        return ret;
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
                if (mapInput)
                    mapInput[iField] =
                        pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldCount() - 1;
            }
        }

        if (!combined)
            return ret;
        if (!mapMethod)
            return ret;
        if (!poDefnMethod)
            return ret;

        const bool bAddMethodFields = CPLTestBool(
            CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "ADD_METHOD_FIELDS", "YES"));
        if (bAddMethodFields)
        {
            const int nFieldsMethod = poDefnMethod->GetFieldCount();
            for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldsMethod; iField++)
            {
                OGRFieldDefn oFieldDefn(poDefnMethod->GetFieldDefn(iField));
                if (pszMethodPrefix != nullptr)
                    oFieldDefn.SetName(CPLSPrintf("%s%s", pszMethodPrefix,
                                                  oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()));
                else if (!oSetInputFieldNames.empty() &&
                         oSetInputFieldNames.find(oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()) !=
                             oSetInputFieldNames.end())
                {
                    // Field of same name present in method layer
                    oFieldDefn.SetName(
                        CPLSPrintf("method_%s", oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()));
                }
                ret = pLayerResult->CreateField(&oFieldDefn);
                if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                        return ret;
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
                mapMethod[iField] =
                    pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldCount() - 1;
            }
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

static OGRGeometry *set_filter_from(OGRLayer *pLayer,
                                    OGRGeometry *pGeometryExistingFilter,
                                    OGRFeature *pFeature)
{
    OGRGeometry *geom = pFeature->GetGeometryRef();
    if (!geom)
        return nullptr;
    if (pGeometryExistingFilter)
    {
        if (!geom->Intersects(pGeometryExistingFilter))
            return nullptr;
        OGRGeometry *intersection = geom->Intersection(pGeometryExistingFilter);
        if (intersection)
        {
            pLayer->SetSpatialFilter(intersection);
            delete intersection;
        }
        else
            return nullptr;
    }
    else
    {
        pLayer->SetSpatialFilter(geom);
    }
    return geom;
}

static OGRGeometry *promote_to_multi(OGRGeometry *poGeom)
{
    OGRwkbGeometryType eType = wkbFlatten(poGeom->getGeometryType());
    if (eType == wkbPoint)
        return OGRGeometryFactory::forceToMultiPoint(poGeom);
    else if (eType == wkbPolygon)
        return OGRGeometryFactory::forceToMultiPolygon(poGeom);
    else if (eType == wkbLineString)
        return OGRGeometryFactory::forceToMultiLineString(poGeom);
    else
        return poGeom;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          Intersection()                              */
/************************************************************************/
/**
 * \brief Intersection of two layers.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are common between features in the input layer and in the
 * method layer. The features in the result layer have attributes from
 * both input and method layers. The schema of the result layer can be
 * set by the user or, if it is empty, is initialized to contain all
 * fields in the input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is:
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to not use prepared
 *     geometries to pretest intersection of features of method layer
 *     with features of this layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>PRETEST_CONTAINMENT=YES/NO. Set to YES to pretest the
 *     containment of features of method layer within the features of
 *     this layer. This will speed up the method significantly in some
 *     cases. Requires that the prepared geometries are in effect.
 * </li>
 * <li>KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to skip
 *     result features with lower dimension geometry that would
 *     otherwise be added to the result layer. The default is YES, to add
 *     features with lower dimension geometry, but only if the result layer
 *     has an unknown geometry type.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_Intersection().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::Intersection(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                              char **papszOptions, GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                              void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnMethod = pLayerMethod->GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    int *mapMethod = nullptr;
    OGREnvelope sEnvelopeMethod;
    GBool bEnvelopeSet;
    double progress_max = static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));
    const bool bUsePreparedGeometries = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES", "YES"));
    const bool bPretestContainment = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PRETEST_CONTAINMENT", "NO"));
    bool bKeepLowerDimGeom = CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(
        papszOptions, "KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES", "YES"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::Intersection() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }

    // get resources
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnMethod, &mapMethod);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, poDefnMethod, mapInput,
                            mapMethod, true, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();
    bEnvelopeSet = pLayerMethod->GetExtent(&sEnvelopeMethod, 1) == OGRERR_NONE;
    if (bKeepLowerDimGeom)
    {
        // require that the result layer is of geom type unknown
        if (pLayerResult->GetGeomType() != wkbUnknown)
        {
            CPLDebug("OGR", "Resetting KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES to NO "
                            "since the result layer does not allow it.");
            bKeepLowerDimGeom = false;
        }
    }

    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // is it worth to proceed?
        if (bEnvelopeSet)
        {
            OGRGeometry *x_geom = x->GetGeometryRef();
            if (x_geom)
            {
                OGREnvelope x_env;
                x_geom->getEnvelope(&x_env);
                if (x_env.MaxX < sEnvelopeMethod.MinX ||
                    x_env.MaxY < sEnvelopeMethod.MinY ||
                    sEnvelopeMethod.MaxX < x_env.MinX ||
                    sEnvelopeMethod.MaxY < x_env.MinY)
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                continue;
            }
        }

        // set up the filter for method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRPreparedGeometryUniquePtr x_prepared_geom;
        if (bUsePreparedGeometries)
        {
            x_prepared_geom.reset(
                OGRCreatePreparedGeometry(OGRGeometry::ToHandle(x_geom)));
            if (!x_prepared_geom)
            {
                goto done;
            }
        }

        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
                continue;
            OGRGeometryUniquePtr z_geom;

            if (x_prepared_geom)
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                if (bPretestContainment &&
                    OGRPreparedGeometryContains(x_prepared_geom.get(),
                                                OGRGeometry::ToHandle(y_geom)))
                {
                    if (CPLGetLastErrorType() == CE_None)
                        z_geom.reset(y_geom->clone());
                }
                else if (!(OGRPreparedGeometryIntersects(
                             x_prepared_geom.get(),
                             OGRGeometry::ToHandle(y_geom))))
                {
                    if (CPLGetLastErrorType() == CE_None)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (!z_geom)
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                z_geom.reset(x_geom->Intersection(y_geom));
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || z_geom == nullptr)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                if (z_geom->IsEmpty() ||
                    (!bKeepLowerDimGeom &&
                     (x_geom->getDimension() == y_geom->getDimension() &&
                      z_geom->getDimension() < x_geom->getDimension())))
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
            z->SetFieldsFrom(y.get(), mapMethod);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                z_geom.reset(promote_to_multi(z_geom.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(z_geom.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());

            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    if (mapMethod)
        VSIFree(mapMethod);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_Intersection()                           */
/************************************************************************/
/**
 * \brief Intersection of two layers.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are common between features in the input layer and in the
 * method layer. The features in the result layer have attributes from
 * both input and method layers. The schema of the result layer can be
 * set by the user or, if it is empty, is initialized to contain all
 * fields in the input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to not use prepared
 *     geometries to pretest intersection of features of method layer
 *     with features of this layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>PRETEST_CONTAINMENT=YES/NO. Set to YES to pretest the
 *     containment of features of method layer within the features of
 *     this layer. This will speed up the method significantly in some
 *     cases. Requires that the prepared geometries are in effect.
 * </li>
 * <li>KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to skip
 *     result features with lower dimension geometry that would
 *     otherwise be added to the result layer. The default is YES, to add
 *     features with lower dimension geometry, but only if the result layer
 *     has an unknown geometry type.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::Intersection().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_Intersection(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                          OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                          GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_Intersection", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_Intersection",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_Intersection",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->Intersection(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
                       OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions,
                       pfnProgress, pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              Union()                                 */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Union of two layers.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are either in the input layer, in the method layer, or in
 * both. The features in the result layer have attributes from both
 * input and method layers. For features which represent areas that
 * are only in the input or in the method layer the respective
 * attributes have undefined values. The schema of the result layer
 * can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is initialized to
 * contain all fields in the input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer (even if it is undefined).
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to not use prepared
 *     geometries to pretest intersection of features of method layer
 *     with features of this layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to skip
 *     result features with lower dimension geometry that would
 *     otherwise be added to the result layer. The default is YES, to add
 *     features with lower dimension geometry, but only if the result layer
 *     has an unknown geometry type.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_Union().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::Union(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                       char **papszOptions, GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                       void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnMethod = pLayerMethod->GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryInputFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    int *mapMethod = nullptr;
    double progress_max =
        static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE)) +
        static_cast<double>(pLayerMethod->GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));
    const bool bUsePreparedGeometries = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES", "YES"));
    bool bKeepLowerDimGeom = CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(
        papszOptions, "KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES", "YES"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::Union() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }

    // get resources
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(this, &pGeometryInputFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnMethod, &mapMethod);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, poDefnMethod, mapInput,
                            mapMethod, true, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();
    if (bKeepLowerDimGeom)
    {
        // require that the result layer is of geom type unknown
        if (pLayerResult->GetGeomType() != wkbUnknown)
        {
            CPLDebug("OGR", "Resetting KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES to NO "
                            "since the result layer does not allow it.");
            bKeepLowerDimGeom = FALSE;
        }
    }

    // add features based on input layer
    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRPreparedGeometryUniquePtr x_prepared_geom;
        if (bUsePreparedGeometries)
        {
            x_prepared_geom.reset(
                OGRCreatePreparedGeometry(OGRGeometry::ToHandle(x_geom)));
            if (!x_prepared_geom)
            {
                goto done;
            }
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff(
            x_geom
                ->clone());  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
            {
                continue;
            }

            CPLErrorReset();
            if (x_prepared_geom &&
                !(OGRPreparedGeometryIntersects(x_prepared_geom.get(),
                                                OGRGeometry::ToHandle(y_geom))))
            {
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() == CE_None)
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }

            CPLErrorReset();
            OGRGeometryUniquePtr poIntersection(x_geom->Intersection(y_geom));
            if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || poIntersection == nullptr)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    continue;
                }
            }
            if (poIntersection->IsEmpty() ||
                (!bKeepLowerDimGeom &&
                 (x_geom->getDimension() == y_geom->getDimension() &&
                  poIntersection->getDimension() < x_geom->getDimension())))
            {
                // ok
            }
            else
            {
                OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
                z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
                z->SetFieldsFrom(y.get(), mapMethod);
                if (bPromoteToMulti)
                    poIntersection.reset(
                        promote_to_multi(poIntersection.release()));
                z->SetGeometryDirectly(poIntersection.release());

                if (x_geom_diff)
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff_new(
                        x_geom_diff->Difference(y_geom));
                    if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None ||
                        x_geom_diff_new == nullptr)
                    {
                        if (!bSkipFailures)
                        {
                            ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                            goto done;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            CPLErrorReset();
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        x_geom_diff.swap(x_geom_diff_new);
                    }
                }

                ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
                if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        x_prepared_geom.reset();

        if (x_geom_diff == nullptr || x_geom_diff->IsEmpty())
        {
            // ok
        }
        else
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                x_geom_diff.reset(promote_to_multi(x_geom_diff.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(x_geom_diff.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // restore filter on method layer and add features based on it
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    for (auto &&x : pLayerMethod)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on input layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(this, pGeometryInputFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff(
            x_geom
                ->clone());  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        for (auto &&y : this)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
            {
                continue;
            }

            if (x_geom_diff)
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff_new(
                    x_geom_diff->Difference(y_geom));
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None ||
                    x_geom_diff_new == nullptr)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    x_geom_diff.swap(x_geom_diff_new);
                }
            }
        }

        if (x_geom_diff == nullptr || x_geom_diff->IsEmpty())
        {
            // ok
        }
        else
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapMethod);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                x_geom_diff.reset(promote_to_multi(x_geom_diff.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(x_geom_diff.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryInputFilter);
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (pGeometryInputFilter)
        delete pGeometryInputFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    if (mapMethod)
        VSIFree(mapMethod);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGR_L_Union()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Union of two layers.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in either in the input layer, in the method layer, or in
 * both. The features in the result layer have attributes from both
 * input and method layers. For features which represent areas that
 * are only in the input or in the method layer the respective
 * attributes have undefined values. The schema of the result layer
 * can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is initialized to
 * contain all fields in the input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer (even if it is undefined).
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to not use prepared
 *     geometries to pretest intersection of features of method layer
 *     with features of this layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to skip
 *     result features with lower dimension geometry that would
 *     otherwise be added to the result layer. The default is YES, to add
 *     features with lower dimension geometry, but only if the result layer
 *     has an unknown geometry type.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::Union().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_Union(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                   OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                   GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_Union", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_Union", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_Union", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->Union(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
                OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions, pfnProgress,
                pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SymDifference()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Symmetrical difference of two layers.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in either in the input layer or in the method layer but
 * not in both. The features in the result layer have attributes from
 * both input and method layers. For features which represent areas
 * that are only in the input or in the method layer the respective
 * attributes have undefined values. The schema of the result layer
 * can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is initialized to
 * contain all fields in the input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer (even if it is undefined).
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set it to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, or LineStrings to MultiLineStrings.
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_SymDifference().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::SymDifference(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                               char **papszOptions,
                               GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnMethod = pLayerMethod->GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryInputFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    int *mapMethod = nullptr;
    double progress_max =
        static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE)) +
        static_cast<double>(pLayerMethod->GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::SymDifference() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }

    // get resources
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(this, &pGeometryInputFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnMethod, &mapMethod);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, poDefnMethod, mapInput,
                            mapMethod, true, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();

    // add features based on input layer
    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom(
            x_geom
                ->clone());  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
            {
                continue;
            }
            if (geom)
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom_new(geom->Difference(y_geom));
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || geom_new == nullptr)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    geom.swap(geom_new);
                }
            }
            if (geom && geom->IsEmpty())
                break;
        }

        if (geom && !geom->IsEmpty())
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                geom.reset(promote_to_multi(geom.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(geom.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // restore filter on method layer and add features based on it
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    for (auto &&x : pLayerMethod)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on input layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(this, pGeometryInputFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom(
            x_geom
                ->clone());  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        for (auto &&y : this)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
                continue;
            if (geom)
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom_new(geom->Difference(y_geom));
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || geom_new == nullptr)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    geom.swap(geom_new);
                }
            }
            if (geom == nullptr || geom->IsEmpty())
                break;
        }

        if (geom && !geom->IsEmpty())
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapMethod);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                geom.reset(promote_to_multi(geom.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(geom.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryInputFilter);
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (pGeometryInputFilter)
        delete pGeometryInputFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    if (mapMethod)
        VSIFree(mapMethod);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_SymDifference()                         */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Symmetrical difference of two layers.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in either in the input layer or in the method layer but
 * not in both. The features in the result layer have attributes from
 * both input and method layers. For features which represent areas
 * that are only in the input or in the method layer the respective
 * attributes have undefined values. The schema of the result layer
 * can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is initialized to
 * contain all fields in the input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer (even if it is undefined).
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::SymDifference().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_SymDifference(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                           OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                           GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_SymDifference",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_SymDifference",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_SymDifference",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->SymDifference(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
                        OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions,
                        pfnProgress, pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            Identity()                                */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Identify the features of this layer with the ones from the
 * identity layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in the input layer. The features in the result layer have
 * attributes from both input and method layers. The schema of the
 * result layer can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is
 * initialized to contain all fields in input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer (even if it is undefined).
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to not use prepared
 *     geometries to pretest intersection of features of method layer
 *     with features of this layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to skip
 *     result features with lower dimension geometry that would
 *     otherwise be added to the result layer. The default is YES, to add
 *     features with lower dimension geometry, but only if the result layer
 *     has an unknown geometry type.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_Identity().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::Identity(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                          char **papszOptions, GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                          void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnMethod = pLayerMethod->GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    int *mapMethod = nullptr;
    double progress_max = static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));
    const bool bUsePreparedGeometries = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES", "YES"));
    bool bKeepLowerDimGeom = CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(
        papszOptions, "KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES", "YES"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::Identity() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }
    if (bKeepLowerDimGeom)
    {
        // require that the result layer is of geom type unknown
        if (pLayerResult->GetGeomType() != wkbUnknown)
        {
            CPLDebug("OGR", "Resetting KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES to NO "
                            "since the result layer does not allow it.");
            bKeepLowerDimGeom = FALSE;
        }
    }

    // get resources
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnMethod, &mapMethod);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, poDefnMethod, mapInput,
                            mapMethod, true, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();

    // split the features in input layer to the result layer
    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRPreparedGeometryUniquePtr x_prepared_geom;
        if (bUsePreparedGeometries)
        {
            x_prepared_geom.reset(
                OGRCreatePreparedGeometry(OGRGeometry::ToHandle(x_geom)));
            if (!x_prepared_geom)
            {
                goto done;
            }
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff(
            x_geom
                ->clone());  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
                continue;

            CPLErrorReset();
            if (x_prepared_geom &&
                !(OGRPreparedGeometryIntersects(x_prepared_geom.get(),
                                                OGRGeometry::ToHandle(y_geom))))
            {
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() == CE_None)
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }

            CPLErrorReset();
            OGRGeometryUniquePtr poIntersection(x_geom->Intersection(y_geom));
            if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || poIntersection == nullptr)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
            else if (poIntersection->IsEmpty() ||
                     (!bKeepLowerDimGeom &&
                      (x_geom->getDimension() == y_geom->getDimension() &&
                       poIntersection->getDimension() <
                           x_geom->getDimension())))
            {
                /* ok*/
            }
            else
            {
                OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
                z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
                z->SetFieldsFrom(y.get(), mapMethod);
                if (bPromoteToMulti)
                    poIntersection.reset(
                        promote_to_multi(poIntersection.release()));
                z->SetGeometryDirectly(poIntersection.release());
                if (x_geom_diff)
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff_new(
                        x_geom_diff->Difference(y_geom));
                    if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None ||
                        x_geom_diff_new == nullptr)
                    {
                        if (!bSkipFailures)
                        {
                            ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                            goto done;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            CPLErrorReset();
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        x_geom_diff.swap(x_geom_diff_new);
                    }
                }
                ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
                if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        x_prepared_geom.reset();

        if (x_geom_diff == nullptr || x_geom_diff->IsEmpty())
        {
            /* ok */
        }
        else
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                x_geom_diff.reset(promote_to_multi(x_geom_diff.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(x_geom_diff.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    if (mapMethod)
        VSIFree(mapMethod);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_Identity()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Identify the features of this layer with the ones from the
 * identity layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in the input layer. The features in the result layer have
 * attributes from both input and method layers. The schema of the
 * result layer can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is
 * initialized to contain all fields in input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer (even if it is undefined).
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to not use prepared
 *     geometries to pretest intersection of features of method layer
 *     with features of this layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to skip
 *     result features with lower dimension geometry that would
 *     otherwise be added to the result layer. The default is YES, to add
 *     features with lower dimension geometry, but only if the result layer
 *     has an unknown geometry type.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::Identity().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_Identity(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                      OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                      GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_Identity", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_Identity", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_Identity", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->Identity(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
                   OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions,
                   pfnProgress, pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             Update()                                 */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Update this layer with features from the update layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are either in the input layer or in the method layer. The
 * features in the result layer have areas of the features of the
 * method layer or those ares of the features of the input layer that
 * are not covered by the method layer. The features of the result
 * layer get their attributes from the input layer. The schema of the
 * result layer can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is
 * initialized to contain all fields in the input layer.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in the method layer, then
 * the attribute in the result feature the originates from the method
 * layer will get the value from the feature of the method layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_Update().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::Update(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                        char **papszOptions, GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                        void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnMethod = pLayerMethod->GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    int *mapMethod = nullptr;
    double progress_max =
        static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE)) +
        static_cast<double>(pLayerMethod->GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::Update() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }

    // get resources
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnMethod, &mapMethod);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, poDefnMethod, mapInput,
                            mapMethod, false, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();

    // add clipped features from the input layer
    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff(
            x_geom->clone());  // this will be the geometry of a result feature
        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
                continue;
            if (x_geom_diff)
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff_new(
                    x_geom_diff->Difference(y_geom));
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None ||
                    x_geom_diff_new == nullptr)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    x_geom_diff.swap(x_geom_diff_new);
                }
            }
        }

        if (x_geom_diff == nullptr || x_geom_diff->IsEmpty())
        {
            /* ok */
        }
        else
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                x_geom_diff.reset(promote_to_multi(x_geom_diff.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(x_geom_diff.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // restore the original filter and add features from the update layer
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->StealGeometry();
        if (!y_geom)
            continue;
        OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
        if (mapMethod)
            z->SetFieldsFrom(y.get(), mapMethod);
        z->SetGeometryDirectly(y_geom);
        ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
        if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    if (mapMethod)
        VSIFree(mapMethod);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_Update()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Update this layer with features from the update layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are either in the input layer or in the method layer. The
 * features in the result layer have areas of the features of the
 * method layer or those ares of the features of the input layer that
 * are not covered by the method layer. The features of the result
 * layer get their attributes from the input layer. The schema of the
 * result layer can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is
 * initialized to contain all fields in the input layer.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in the method layer, then
 * the attribute in the result feature the originates from the method
 * layer will get the value from the feature of the method layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::Update().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_Update(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                    OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                    GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_Update", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_Update", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_Update", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->Update(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
                 OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions, pfnProgress,
                 pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              Clip()                                  */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Clip off areas that are not covered by the method layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in the input layer and in the method layer. The features
 * in the result layer have the (possibly clipped) areas of features
 * in the input layer and the attributes from the same features. The
 * schema of the result layer can be set by the user or, if it is
 * empty, is initialized to contain all fields in the input layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_Clip().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::Clip(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                      char **papszOptions, GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                      void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    double progress_max = static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::Clip() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }

    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, nullptr, mapInput,
                            nullptr, false, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;

    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();
    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr
            geom;  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        // incrementally add area from y to geom
        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
                continue;
            if (!geom)
            {
                geom.reset(y_geom->clone());
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom_new(geom->Union(y_geom));
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || geom_new == nullptr)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    geom.swap(geom_new);
                }
            }
        }

        // possibly add a new feature with area x intersection sum of y
        if (geom)
        {
            CPLErrorReset();
            OGRGeometryUniquePtr poIntersection(
                x_geom->Intersection(geom.get()));
            if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || poIntersection == nullptr)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
            else if (!poIntersection->IsEmpty())
            {
                OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
                z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
                if (bPromoteToMulti)
                    poIntersection.reset(
                        promote_to_multi(poIntersection.release()));
                z->SetGeometryDirectly(poIntersection.release());
                ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
                if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGR_L_Clip()                               */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Clip off areas that are not covered by the method layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in the input layer and in the method layer. The features
 * in the result layer have the (possibly clipped) areas of features
 * in the input layer and the attributes from the same features. The
 * schema of the result layer can be set by the user or, if it is
 * empty, is initialized to contain all fields in the input layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::Clip().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_Clip(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                  OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                  GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_Clip", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_Clip", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_Clip", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->Clip(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
               OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions, pfnProgress,
               pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              Erase()                                 */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Remove areas that are covered by the method layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in the input layer but not in the method layer. The
 * features in the result layer have attributes from the input
 * layer. The schema of the result layer can be set by the user or, if
 * it is empty, is initialized to contain all fields in the input
 * layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_Erase().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::Erase(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                       char **papszOptions, GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                       void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    double progress_max = static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::Erase() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }

    // get resources
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, nullptr, mapInput,
                            nullptr, false, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();

    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on the method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom(
            x_geom
                ->clone());  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        // incrementally erase y from geom
        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
                continue;
            CPLErrorReset();
            OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom_new(geom->Difference(y_geom));
            if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || geom_new == nullptr)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                geom.swap(geom_new);
                if (geom->IsEmpty())
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // add a new feature if there is remaining area
        if (!geom->IsEmpty())
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                geom.reset(promote_to_multi(geom.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(geom.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGR_L_Erase()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Remove areas that are covered by the method layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in the input layer but not in the method layer. The
 * features in the result layer have attributes from the input
 * layer. The schema of the result layer can be set by the user or, if
 * it is empty, is initialized to contain all fields in the input
 * layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::Erase().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_Erase(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                   OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                   GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_Erase", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_Erase", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_Erase", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->Erase(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
                OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions, pfnProgress,
                pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                  OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::Private                  */
/************************************************************************/

struct OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::Private
{
    CPL_DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGN(Private)
    Private() = default;

    OGRFeatureUniquePtr m_poFeature{};
    OGRLayer *m_poLayer = nullptr;
    bool m_bError = false;
    bool m_bEOF = true;
};

/************************************************************************/
/*                OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::FeatureIterator()          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::FeatureIterator(OGRLayer *poLayer, bool bStart)
    : m_poPrivate(new OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::Private())
{
    m_poPrivate->m_poLayer = poLayer;
    if (bStart)
    {
        if (m_poPrivate->m_poLayer->m_poPrivate->m_bInFeatureIterator)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
                     "Only one feature iterator can be "
                     "active at a time");
            m_poPrivate->m_bError = true;
        }
        else
        {
            m_poPrivate->m_poLayer->ResetReading();
            m_poPrivate->m_poFeature.reset(
                m_poPrivate->m_poLayer->GetNextFeature());
            m_poPrivate->m_bEOF = m_poPrivate->m_poFeature == nullptr;
            m_poPrivate->m_poLayer->m_poPrivate->m_bInFeatureIterator = true;
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*               ~OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::FeatureIterator()          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::~FeatureIterator()
{
    if (!m_poPrivate->m_bError && m_poPrivate->m_poLayer)
        m_poPrivate->m_poLayer->m_poPrivate->m_bInFeatureIterator = false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              operator*()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeatureUniquePtr &OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::operator*()
{
    return m_poPrivate->m_poFeature;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              operator++()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::FeatureIterator &OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::operator++()
{
    m_poPrivate->m_poFeature.reset(m_poPrivate->m_poLayer->GetNextFeature());
    m_poPrivate->m_bEOF = m_poPrivate->m_poFeature == nullptr;
    return *this;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             operator!=()                             */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::operator!=(
    const OGRLayer::FeatureIterator &it) const
{
    return m_poPrivate->m_bEOF != it.m_poPrivate->m_bEOF;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                                 begin()                              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::FeatureIterator OGRLayer::begin()
{
    return {this, true};
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                                  end()                               */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::FeatureIterator OGRLayer::end()
{
    return {this, false};
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     OGRLayer::GetGeometryTypes()                     */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Get actual geometry types found in features.
 *
 * This method iterates over features to retrieve their geometry types. This
 * is mostly useful for layers that report a wkbUnknown geometry type with
 * GetGeomType() or GetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomField)->GetType().
 *
 * By default this method returns an array of nEntryCount entries with each
 * geometry type (in OGRGeometryTypeCounter::eGeomType) and the corresponding
 * number of features (in OGRGeometryTypeCounter::nCount).
 * Features without geometries are reported as eGeomType == wkbNone.
 *
 * The nFlagsGGT parameter can be a combination (with binary or operator) of the
 * following hints:
 * <ul>
 * <li>OGR_GGT_COUNT_NOT_NEEDED: to indicate that only the set of geometry types
 * matter, not the number of features per geometry type. Consequently the value
 * of OGRGeometryTypeCounter::nCount should be ignored.</li>
 * <li>OGR_GGT_STOP_IF_MIXED: to indicate that the implementation may stop
 * iterating over features as soon as 2 different geometry types (not counting
 * null geometries) are found. The value of OGRGeometryTypeCounter::nCount
 * should be ignored (zero might be systematically reported by some
 * implementations).</li> <li>OGR_GGT_GEOMCOLLECTIONZ_TINZ: to indicate that if
 * a geometry is of type wkbGeometryCollection25D and its first sub-geometry is
 * of type wkbTINZ, wkbTINZ should be reported as geometry type. This is mostly
 * useful for the ESRI Shapefile and (Open)FileGDB drivers regarding MultiPatch
 * geometries.</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * If the layer has no features, a non-NULL returned array with nEntryCount == 0
 * will be returned.
 *
 * Spatial and/or attribute filters will be taken into account.
 *
 * This method will error out on a layer without geometry fields
 * (GetGeomType() == wkbNone).
 *
 * A cancellation callback may be provided. The progress percentage it is called
 * with is not relevant. The callback should return TRUE if processing should go
 * on, or FALSE if it should be interrupted.
 *
 * @param iGeomField Geometry field index.
 * @param nFlagsGGT Hint flags. 0, or combination of OGR_GGT_COUNT_NOT_NEEDED,
 *                  OGR_GGT_STOP_IF_MIXED, OGR_GGT_GEOMCOLLECTIONZ_TINZ
 * @param[out] nEntryCountOut Number of entries in the returned array.
 * @param pfnProgress Cancellation callback. May be NULL.
 * @param pProgressData User data for the cancellation callback. May be NULL.
 * @return an array of nEntryCount that must be freed with CPLFree(),
 *         or NULL in case of error
 * @since GDAL 3.6
 */
OGRGeometryTypeCounter *
OGRLayer::GetGeometryTypes(int iGeomField, int nFlagsGGT, int &nEntryCountOut,
                           GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressData)
{
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefn = GetLayerDefn();
    const int nGeomFieldCount = poDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
    if (iGeomField < 0 || iGeomField >= nGeomFieldCount)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Invalid value for iGeomField");
        nEntryCountOut = 0;
        return nullptr;
    }

    // Ignore all fields but the geometry one of interest
    CPLStringList aosIgnoredFieldsRestore;
    CPLStringList aosIgnoredFields;
    const int nFieldCount = poDefn->GetFieldCount();
    for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
    {
        const auto poFieldDefn = poDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField);
        const char *pszName = poFieldDefn->GetNameRef();
        if (poFieldDefn->IsIgnored())
            aosIgnoredFieldsRestore.AddString(pszName);
        if (iField != iGeomField)
            aosIgnoredFields.AddString(pszName);
    }
    for (int iField = 0; iField < nGeomFieldCount; iField++)
    {
        const auto poFieldDefn = poDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(iField);
        const char *pszName = poFieldDefn->GetNameRef();
        if (poFieldDefn->IsIgnored())
            aosIgnoredFieldsRestore.AddString(pszName);
        if (iField != iGeomField)
            aosIgnoredFields.AddString(pszName);
    }
    if (poDefn->IsStyleIgnored())
        aosIgnoredFieldsRestore.AddString("OGR_STYLE");
    aosIgnoredFields.AddString("OGR_STYLE");
    SetIgnoredFields(aosIgnoredFields.List());

    // Iterate over features
    std::map<OGRwkbGeometryType, int64_t> oMapCount;
    std::set<OGRwkbGeometryType> oSetNotNull;
    const bool bGeomCollectionZTInZ =
        (nFlagsGGT & OGR_GGT_GEOMCOLLECTIONZ_TINZ) != 0;
    const bool bStopIfMixed = (nFlagsGGT & OGR_GGT_STOP_IF_MIXED) != 0;
    if (pfnProgress == GDALDummyProgress)
        pfnProgress = nullptr;
    bool bInterrupted = false;
    for (auto &&poFeature : *this)
    {
        const auto poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(iGeomField);
        if (poGeom == nullptr)
        {
            ++oMapCount[wkbNone];
        }
        else
        {
            auto eGeomType = poGeom->getGeometryType();
            if (bGeomCollectionZTInZ && eGeomType == wkbGeometryCollection25D)
            {
                const auto poGC = poGeom->toGeometryCollection();
                if (poGC->getNumGeometries() > 0)
                {
                    auto eSubGeomType =
                        poGC->getGeometryRef(0)->getGeometryType();
                    if (eSubGeomType == wkbTINZ)
                        eGeomType = wkbTINZ;
                }
            }
            ++oMapCount[eGeomType];
            if (bStopIfMixed)
            {
                oSetNotNull.insert(eGeomType);
                if (oSetNotNull.size() == 2)
                    break;
            }
        }
        if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(0.0, "", pProgressData))
        {
            bInterrupted = true;
            break;
        }
    }

    // Restore ignore fields state
    SetIgnoredFields(aosIgnoredFieldsRestore.List());

    if (bInterrupted)
    {
        nEntryCountOut = 0;
        return nullptr;
    }

    // Format result
    nEntryCountOut = static_cast<int>(oMapCount.size());
    OGRGeometryTypeCounter *pasRet = static_cast<OGRGeometryTypeCounter *>(
        CPLCalloc(1 + nEntryCountOut, sizeof(OGRGeometryTypeCounter)));
    int i = 0;
    for (const auto &oIter : oMapCount)
    {
        pasRet[i].eGeomType = oIter.first;
        pasRet[i].nCount = oIter.second;
        ++i;
    }
    return pasRet;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGR_L_GetGeometryTypes()                        */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Get actual geometry types found in features.
 *
 * See OGRLayer::GetGeometryTypes() for details.
 *
 * @param hLayer Layer.
 * @param iGeomField Geometry field index.
 * @param nFlags Hint flags. 0, or combination of OGR_GGT_COUNT_NOT_NEEDED,
 *               OGR_GGT_STOP_IF_MIXED, OGR_GGT_GEOMCOLLECTIONZ_TINZ
 * @param[out] pnEntryCount Pointer to the number of entries in the returned
 *                          array. Must not be NULL.
 * @param pfnProgress Cancellation callback. May be NULL.
 * @param pProgressData User data for the cancellation callback. May be NULL.
 * @return an array of *pnEntryCount that must be freed with CPLFree(),
 *         or NULL in case of error
 * @since GDAL 3.6
 */
OGRGeometryTypeCounter *OGR_L_GetGeometryTypes(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                                               int nFlags, int *pnEntryCount,
                                               GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                                               void *pProgressData)
{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetGeometryTypes", nullptr);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pnEntryCount, "OGR_L_GetGeometryTypes", nullptr);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetGeometryTypes(
        iGeomField, nFlags, *pnEntryCount, pfnProgress, pProgressData);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                    OGRLayer::GetSupportedSRSList()                   */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Get the list of SRS supported.
 *
 * The base implementation of this method will return an empty list. Some
 * drivers (OAPIF, WFS) may return a non-empty list.
 *
 * One of the SRS returned may be passed to SetActiveSRS() to change the
 * active SRS.
 *
 * @param iGeomField Geometry field index.
 * @return list of supported SRS.
 * @since GDAL 3.7
 */
const OGRLayer::GetSupportedSRSListRetType &
OGRLayer::GetSupportedSRSList(CPL_UNUSED int iGeomField)
{
    static OGRLayer::GetSupportedSRSListRetType empty;
    return empty;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                    OGR_L_GetSupportedSRSList()                       */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Get the list of SRS supported.
 *
 * The base implementation of this method will return an empty list. Some
 * drivers (OAPIF, WFS) may return a non-empty list.
 *
 * One of the SRS returned may be passed to SetActiveSRS() to change the
 * active SRS.
 *
 * @param hLayer Layer.
 * @param iGeomField Geometry field index.
 * @param[out] pnCount Number of values in returned array. Must not be null.
 * @return list of supported SRS, to be freed with OSRFreeSRSArray(), or
 * nullptr
 * @since GDAL 3.7
 */
OGRSpatialReferenceH *OGR_L_GetSupportedSRSList(OGRLayerH hLayer,
                                                int iGeomField, int *pnCount)
{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetSupportedSRSList", nullptr);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pnCount, "OGR_L_GetSupportedSRSList", nullptr);

    const auto &srsList =
        OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetSupportedSRSList(iGeomField);
    *pnCount = static_cast<int>(srsList.size());
    if (srsList.empty())
    {
        return nullptr;
    }
    OGRSpatialReferenceH *pahRet = static_cast<OGRSpatialReferenceH *>(
        CPLMalloc((1 + srsList.size()) * sizeof(OGRSpatialReferenceH)));
    size_t i = 0;
    for (const auto &poSRS : srsList)
    {
        poSRS->Reference();
        pahRet[i] = OGRSpatialReference::ToHandle(poSRS.get());
        ++i;
    }
    pahRet[i] = nullptr;
    return pahRet;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGRLayer::SetActiveSRS()                       */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Change the active SRS.
 *
 * The passed SRS must be in the list returned by GetSupportedSRSList()
 * (the actual pointer may be different, but should be tested as identical
 * with OGRSpatialReference::IsSame()).
 *
 * Changing the active SRS affects:
 * <ul>
 * <li>the SRS in which geometries of returned features are expressed,</li>
 * <li>the SRS in which geometries of passed features (CreateFeature(),
 * SetFeature()) are expressed,</li>
 * <li>the SRS returned by GetSpatialRef() and
 * GetGeomFieldDefn()->GetSpatialRef(),</li>
 * <li>the SRS used to interpret SetSpatialFilter() values.</li>
 * </ul>
 * This also resets feature reading and the spatial filter.
 * Note however that this does not modify the storage SRS of the features of
 * geometries. Said otherwise, this setting is volatile and has no persistent
 * effects after dataset reopening.
 *
 * @param iGeomField Geometry field index.
 * @param poSRS SRS to use
 * @return OGRERR_NONE in case of success, or OGRERR_FAILURE if
 *         the passed SRS is not in GetSupportedSRSList()
 * @since GDAL 3.7
 */
OGRErr OGRLayer::SetActiveSRS(CPL_UNUSED int iGeomField,
                              CPL_UNUSED const OGRSpatialReference *poSRS)
{
    return OGRERR_FAILURE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_SetActiveSRS()                         */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Change the active SRS.
 *
 * The passed SRS must be in the list returned by GetSupportedSRSList()
 * (the actual pointer may be different, but should be tested as identical
 * with OGRSpatialReference::IsSame()).
 *
 * Changing the active SRS affects:
 * <ul>
 * <li>the SRS in which geometries of returned features are expressed,</li>
 * <li>the SRS in which geometries of passed features (CreateFeature(),
 * SetFeature()) are expressed,</li>
 * <li>the SRS returned by GetSpatialRef() and
 * GetGeomFieldDefn()->GetSpatialRef(),</li>
 * <li>the SRS used to interpret SetSpatialFilter() values.</li>
 * </ul>
 * This also resets feature reading and the spatial filter.
 * Note however that this does not modify the storage SRS of the features of
 * geometries. Said otherwise, this setting is volatile and has no persistent
 * effects after dataset reopening.
 *
 * @param hLayer Layer.
 * @param iGeomField Geometry field index.
 * @param hSRS SRS to use
 * @return OGRERR_NONE in case of success, OGRERR_FAILURE if
 *         the passed SRS is not in GetSupportedSRSList().
 * @since GDAL 3.7
 */
OGRErr OGR_L_SetActiveSRS(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                          OGRSpatialReferenceH hSRS)
{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetActiveSRS", OGRERR_FAILURE);
    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetActiveSRS(
        iGeomField, OGRSpatialReference::FromHandle(hSRS));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetDataset()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/** Return the dataset associated with this layer.
 *
 * As of GDAL 3.9, GetDataset() is implemented on all in-tree drivers that
 * have CreateLayer() capability. It may not be implemented in read-only
 * drivers or out-of-tree drivers.
 *
 * It is currently only used by the GetRecordBatchSchema()
 * method to retrieve the field domain associated with a field, to fill the
 * dictionary field of a struct ArrowSchema.
 * It is also used by CreateFieldFromArrowSchema() to determine which field
 * types and subtypes are supported by the layer, by inspecting the driver
 * metadata, and potentially use fallback types when needed.
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_GetDataset().
 *
 * @return dataset, or nullptr when unknown.
 * @since GDAL 3.6
 */
GDALDataset *OGRLayer::GetDataset()
{
    return nullptr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_GetDataset()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/** Return the dataset associated with this layer.
 *
 * As of GDAL 3.9, GetDataset() is implemented on all in-tree drivers that
 * have CreateLayer() capability. It may not be implemented in read-only
 * drivers or out-of-tree drivers.
 *
 * It is currently only used by the GetRecordBatchSchema()
 * method to retrieve the field domain associated with a field, to fill the
 * dictionary field of a struct ArrowSchema.
 * It is also used by CreateFieldFromArrowSchema() to determine which field
 * types and subtypes are supported by the layer, by inspecting the driver
 * metadata, and potentially use fallback types when needed.
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::GetDataset().
 *
 * @return dataset, or nullptr when unknown.
 * @since GDAL 3.9
 */
GDALDatasetH OGR_L_GetDataset(OGRLayerH hLayer)
{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetDataset", nullptr);
    return GDALDataset::ToHandle(OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetDataset());
}

Coverage Report

Created: 2025-08-28 06:57