// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format

// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.

//

// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style

// license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at

// https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd

// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)

//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by

//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.

//

// Defines Message, the abstract interface implemented by non-lite

// protocol message objects.  Although it's possible to implement this

// interface manually, most users will use the protocol compiler to

// generate implementations.

//

// Example usage:

//

// Say you have a message defined as:

//

//   message Foo {

//     optional string text = 1;

//     repeated int32 numbers = 2;

//   }

//

// Then, if you used the protocol compiler to generate a class from the above

// definition, you could use it like so:

//

//   std::string data;  // Will store a serialized version of the message.

//

//   {

//     // Create a message and serialize it.

//     Foo foo;

//     foo.set_text("Hello World!");

//     foo.add_numbers(1);

//     foo.add_numbers(5);

//     foo.add_numbers(42);

//

//     foo.SerializeToString(&data);

//   }

//

//   {

//     // Parse the serialized message and check that it contains the

//     // correct data.

//     Foo foo;

//     foo.ParseFromString(data);

//

//     assert(foo.text() == "Hello World!");

//     assert(foo.numbers_size() == 3);

//     assert(foo.numbers(0) == 1);

//     assert(foo.numbers(1) == 5);

//     assert(foo.numbers(2) == 42);

//   }

//

//   {

//     // Same as the last block, but do it dynamically via the Message

//     // reflection interface.

//     Message* foo = new Foo;

//     const Descriptor* descriptor = foo->GetDescriptor();

//

//     // Get the descriptors for the fields we're interested in and verify

//     // their types.

//     const FieldDescriptor* text_field = descriptor->FindFieldByName("text");

//     assert(text_field != nullptr);

//     assert(text_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING);

//     assert(text_field->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL);

//     const FieldDescriptor* numbers_field = descriptor->

//                                            FindFieldByName("numbers");

//     assert(numbers_field != nullptr);

//     assert(numbers_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32);

//     assert(numbers_field->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED);

//

//     // Parse the message.

//     foo->ParseFromString(data);

//

//     // Use the reflection interface to examine the contents.

//     const Reflection* reflection = foo->GetReflection();

//     assert(reflection->GetString(*foo, text_field) == "Hello World!");

//     assert(reflection->FieldSize(*foo, numbers_field) == 3);

//     assert(reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(*foo, numbers_field, 0) == 1);

//     assert(reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(*foo, numbers_field, 1) == 5);

//     assert(reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(*foo, numbers_field, 2) == 42);

//

//     delete foo;

//   }

#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_H__

#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_H__

#include <cstddef>

#include <cstdint>

#include <memory>

#include <string>

#include <type_traits>

#include <vector>

#include "absl/base/attributes.h"

#include "absl/base/call_once.h"

#include "absl/base/macros.h"

#include "absl/log/absl_check.h"

#include "absl/memory/memory.h"

#include "absl/strings/cord.h"

#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"

#include "absl/types/optional.h"

#include "google/protobuf/arena.h"

#include "google/protobuf/descriptor.h"

#include "google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h"

#include "google/protobuf/generated_message_tctable_decl.h"

#include "google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h"

#include "google/protobuf/map.h"  // TODO: cleanup

#include "google/protobuf/message_lite.h"

#include "google/protobuf/port.h"

#include "google/protobuf/reflection.h"

// Must be included last.

#include "google/protobuf/port_def.inc"

#ifdef SWIG

#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"

#endif

namespace google {

namespace protobuf {

// Defined in this file.

class Message;

class Reflection;

class MessageFactory;

// Defined in other files.

class AssignDescriptorsHelper;

class DynamicMessageFactory;

class GeneratedMessageReflectionTestHelper;

class MapKey;

class MapValueConstRef;

class MapValueRef;

class MapIterator;

class MapReflectionTester;

class TextFormat;

namespace internal {

struct FuzzPeer;

struct DescriptorTable;

template <bool is_oneof>

struct DynamicFieldInfoHelper;

class MapFieldBase;

class MessageUtil;

class ReflectionVisit;

class SwapFieldHelper;

class CachedSize;

struct TailCallTableInfo;

namespace field_layout {

enum TransformValidation : uint16_t;

}  // namespace field_layout

namespace v2 {

class V2TableGenTester;

}  // namespace v2

}  // namespace internal

class UnknownFieldSet;  // unknown_field_set.h

namespace io {

class EpsCopyOutputStream;   // coded_stream.h

class ZeroCopyInputStream;   // zero_copy_stream.h

class ZeroCopyOutputStream;  // zero_copy_stream.h

class CodedInputStream;      // coded_stream.h

class CodedOutputStream;     // coded_stream.h

}  // namespace io

namespace python {

class MapReflectionFriend;  // scalar_map_container.h

class MessageReflectionFriend;

}  // namespace python

namespace expr {

class CelMapReflectionFriend;  // field_backed_map_impl.cc

class SudoMapReflectionFriend;

}

namespace internal {

class MapFieldPrinterHelper;  // text_format.cc

PROTOBUF_EXPORT std::string StringifyMessage(

    const Message& message);  // text_format.cc

}  // namespace internal

PROTOBUF_EXPORT std::string ShortFormat(

    const Message& message);  // text_format.cc

PROTOBUF_EXPORT std::string Utf8Format(

    const Message& message);  // text_format.cc

namespace util {

class MessageDifferencer;

}

namespace internal {

class ReflectionAccessor;      // message.cc

class ReflectionOps;           // reflection_ops.h

class MapKeySorter;            // wire_format.cc

class WireFormat;              // wire_format.h

class MapFieldReflectionTest;  // map_test.cc

}  // namespace internal

template <typename T>

class RepeatedField;  // repeated_field.h

template <typename T>

class RepeatedPtrField;  // repeated_field.h

// A container to hold message metadata.

struct Metadata {

  const Descriptor* descriptor;

  const Reflection* reflection;

};

namespace internal {

template <class To>

inline To* GetPointerAtOffset(void* message, uint32_t offset) {

  return reinterpret_cast<To*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(message) + offset);

}

template <class To>

const To* GetConstPointerAtOffset(const void* message, uint32_t offset) {

  return reinterpret_cast<const To*>(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(message) +

                                     offset);

}

template <class To>

const To& GetConstRefAtOffset(const Message& message, uint32_t offset) {

  return *GetConstPointerAtOffset<To>(&message, offset);

}

bool CreateUnknownEnumValues(const FieldDescriptor* field);

// Returns true if "message" is a descendant of "root".

PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool IsDescendant(Message& root, const Message& message);

inline void MaybePoisonAfterClear(Message* root);

}  // namespace internal

// Abstract interface for protocol messages.

//

// See also MessageLite, which contains most every-day operations.  Message

// adds descriptors and reflection on top of that.

//

// The methods of this class that are virtual but not pure-virtual have

// default implementations based on reflection.  Message classes which are

// optimized for speed will want to override these with faster implementations,

// but classes optimized for code size may be happy with keeping them.  See

// the optimize_for option in descriptor.proto.

//

// Users must not derive from this class. Only the protocol compiler and

// the internal library are allowed to create subclasses.

class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Message : public MessageLite {

 public:

  Message(const Message&) = delete;

  Message& operator=(const Message&) = delete;

  // Basic Operations ------------------------------------------------

  // Construct a new instance of the same type.  Ownership is passed to the

  // caller.  (This is also defined in MessageLite, but is defined again here

  // for return-type covariance.)

  Message* New() const { return New(nullptr); }

  // Construct a new instance on the arena. Ownership is passed to the caller

  // if arena is a nullptr.

  Message* New(Arena* arena) const {

    return static_cast<Message*>(MessageLite::New(arena));

  }

  // Make this message into a copy of the given message.  The given message

  // must have the same descriptor, but need not necessarily be the same class.

  // By default this is just implemented as "Clear(); MergeFrom(from);".

  void CopyFrom(const Message& from);

  // Merge the fields from the given message into this message.  Singular

  // fields will be overwritten, if specified in from, except for embedded

  // messages which will be merged.  Repeated fields will be concatenated.

  // The given message must be of the same type as this message (i.e. the

  // exact same class).

  void MergeFrom(const Message& from);

  // Verifies that IsInitialized() returns true.  ABSL_CHECK-fails otherwise,

  // with a nice error message.

  void CheckInitialized() const;

  // Slowly build a list of all required fields that are not set.

  // This is much, much slower than IsInitialized() as it is implemented

  // purely via reflection.  Generally, you should not call this unless you

  // have already determined that an error exists by calling IsInitialized().

  void FindInitializationErrors(std::vector<std::string>* errors) const;

  // Like FindInitializationErrors, but joins all the strings, delimited by

  // commas, and returns them.

  std::string InitializationErrorString() const;

  // Clears all unknown fields from this message and all embedded messages.

  // Normally, if unknown tag numbers are encountered when parsing a message,

  // the tag and value are stored in the message's UnknownFieldSet and

  // then written back out when the message is serialized.  This allows servers

  // which simply route messages to other servers to pass through messages

  // that have new field definitions which they don't yet know about.  However,

  // this behavior can have security implications.  To avoid it, call this

  // method after parsing.

  //

  // See Reflection::GetUnknownFields() for more on unknown fields.

  void DiscardUnknownFields();

  // Computes (an estimate of) the total number of bytes currently used for

  // storing the message in memory.

  //

  // SpaceUsed() is noticeably slower than ByteSize(), as it is implemented

  // using reflection (rather than the generated code implementation for

  // ByteSize()). Like ByteSize(), its CPU time is linear in the number of

  // fields defined for the proto.

  //

  // Note: The precise value of this method should never be depended on, and can

  // change substantially due to internal details.  In debug builds, this will

  // include a random fuzz factor to prevent these dependencies.

  size_t SpaceUsedLong() const;

  [[deprecated("Please use SpaceUsedLong() instead")]] int SpaceUsed() const {

    return internal::ToIntSize(SpaceUsedLong());

  }

  // Debugging & Testing----------------------------------------------

  // Generates a human-readable form of this message for debugging purposes.

  // Note that the format and content of a debug string is not guaranteed, may

  // change without notice, and should not be depended on. Code that does

  // anything except display a string to assist in debugging should use

  // TextFormat instead.

  std::string DebugString() const;

  // Like DebugString(), but with less whitespace.

  std::string ShortDebugString() const;

  // Like DebugString(), but do not escape UTF-8 byte sequences.

  std::string Utf8DebugString() const;

  // Convenience function useful in GDB.  Prints DebugString() to stdout.

  void PrintDebugString() const;

  // Implementation of the `AbslStringify` interface. This adds something

  // similar to either `ShortDebugString()` or `DebugString()` to the sink.

  // Do not rely on exact format.

  template <typename Sink>

  friend void AbslStringify(Sink& sink, const google::protobuf::Message& message) {

    sink.Append(internal::StringifyMessage(message));

  }

  // Reflection-based methods ----------------------------------------

  // These methods are pure-virtual in MessageLite, but Message provides

  // reflection-based default implementations.

#if !defined(PROTOBUF_CUSTOM_VTABLE)

  void Clear() override;

  size_t ByteSizeLong() const override;

  uint8_t* _InternalSerialize(uint8_t* target,

                              io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const override;

#endif  // !PROTOBUF_CUSTOM_VTABLE

  // Introspection ---------------------------------------------------

  // Get a non-owning pointer to a Descriptor for this message's type.  This

  // describes what fields the message contains, the types of those fields, etc.

  // This object remains property of the Message.

  const Descriptor* GetDescriptor() const { return GetMetadata().descriptor; }

  // Get a non-owning pointer to the Reflection interface for this Message,

  // which can be used to read and modify the fields of the Message dynamically

  // (in other words, without knowing the message type at compile time).  This

  // object remains property of the Message.

  const Reflection* GetReflection() const { return GetMetadata().reflection; }

 protected:

#if !defined(PROTOBUF_CUSTOM_VTABLE)

  constexpr Message() {}

#endif  // PROTOBUF_CUSTOM_VTABLE

  using MessageLite::MessageLite;

  // Get a struct containing the metadata for the Message, which is used in turn

  // to implement GetDescriptor() and GetReflection() above.

  Metadata GetMetadata() const;

  static Metadata GetMetadataImpl(const internal::ClassDataFull& data);

  // For CODE_SIZE types

  static bool IsInitializedImpl(const MessageLite&);

  size_t ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(

      size_t total_size, const internal::CachedSize* cached_size) const;

  size_t MaybeComputeUnknownFieldsSize(

      size_t total_size, const internal::CachedSize* cached_size) const;

  // Reflection based version for reflection based types.

  static absl::string_view GetTypeNameImpl(const internal::ClassData* data);

  static void MergeImpl(MessageLite& to, const MessageLite& from);

  void ClearImpl();

  static size_t ByteSizeLongImpl(const MessageLite& msg);

  static uint8_t* _InternalSerializeImpl(const MessageLite& msg,

                                         uint8_t* target,

                                         io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream);

  static const internal::TcParseTableBase* GetTcParseTableImpl(

      const MessageLite& msg);

  static size_t SpaceUsedLongImpl(const MessageLite& msg_lite);

  static const internal::DescriptorMethods kDescriptorMethods;

};

namespace internal {

// Creates and returns an allocation for a split message.

void* CreateSplitMessageGeneric(Arena* arena, const void* default_split,

                                size_t size, const void* message,

                                const void* default_message);

// Forward-declare interfaces used to implement RepeatedFieldRef.

// These are protobuf internals that users shouldn't care about.

class RepeatedFieldAccessor;

}  // namespace internal

// This interface contains methods that can be used to dynamically access

// and modify the fields of a protocol message.  Their semantics are

// similar to the accessors the protocol compiler generates.

//

// To get the Reflection for a given Message, call Message::GetReflection().

//

// This interface is separate from Message only for efficiency reasons;

// the vast majority of implementations of Message will share the same

// implementation of Reflection (GeneratedMessageReflection,

// defined in generated_message.h), and all Messages of a particular class

// should share the same Reflection object (though you should not rely on

// the latter fact).

//

// There are several ways that these methods can be used incorrectly.  For

// example, any of the following conditions will lead to undefined

// results (probably assertion failures):

// - The FieldDescriptor is not a field of this message type.

// - The method called is not appropriate for the field's type.  For

//   each field type in FieldDescriptor::TYPE_*, there is only one

//   Get*() method, one Set*() method, and one Add*() method that is

//   valid for that type.  It should be obvious which (except maybe

//   for TYPE_BYTES, which are represented using strings in C++).

// - A Get*() or Set*() method for singular fields is called on a repeated

//   field.

// - GetRepeated*(), SetRepeated*(), or Add*() is called on a non-repeated

//   field.

// - The Message object passed to any method is not of the right type for

//   this Reflection object (i.e. message.GetReflection() != reflection).

//

// You might wonder why there is not any abstract representation for a field

// of arbitrary type.  E.g., why isn't there just a "GetField()" method that

// returns "const Field&", where "Field" is some class with accessors like

// "GetInt32Value()".  The problem is that someone would have to deal with

// allocating these Field objects.  For generated message classes, having to

// allocate space for an additional object to wrap every field would at least

// double the message's memory footprint, probably worse.  Allocating the

// objects on-demand, on the other hand, would be expensive and prone to

// memory leaks.  So, instead we ended up with this flat interface.

class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Reflection final {

 public:

  Reflection(const Reflection&) = delete;

  Reflection& operator=(const Reflection&) = delete;

  ~Reflection();

  // Get the UnknownFieldSet for the message.  This contains fields which

  // were seen when the Message was parsed but were not recognized according

  // to the Message's definition.

  const UnknownFieldSet& GetUnknownFields(const Message& message) const;

  // Get a mutable pointer to the UnknownFieldSet for the message.  This

  // contains fields which were seen when the Message was parsed but were not

  // recognized according to the Message's definition.

  UnknownFieldSet* MutableUnknownFields(Message* message) const;

  // Estimate the amount of memory used by the message object.

  size_t SpaceUsedLong(const Message& message) const;

  [[deprecated("Please use SpaceUsedLong() instead")]] int SpaceUsed(

      const Message& message) const {

    return internal::ToIntSize(SpaceUsedLong(message));

  }

  // Returns true if the given message is a default message instance.

  bool IsDefaultInstance(const Message& message) const {

    ABSL_DCHECK_EQ(message.GetReflection(), this);

    return schema_.IsDefaultInstance(message);

  }

  // Check if the given non-repeated field is set.

  bool HasField(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // Get the number of elements of a repeated field.

  int FieldSize(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // Clear the value of a field, so that HasField() returns false or

  // FieldSize() returns zero.

  void ClearField(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // Check if the oneof is set. Returns true if any field in oneof

  // is set, false otherwise.

  bool HasOneof(const Message& message,

                const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const;

  void ClearOneof(Message* message,

                  const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const;

  // Returns the field descriptor if the oneof is set. nullptr otherwise.

  const FieldDescriptor* GetOneofFieldDescriptor(

      const Message& message, const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const;

  // Removes the last element of a repeated field.

  // We don't provide a way to remove any element other than the last

  // because it invites inefficient use, such as O(n^2) filtering loops

  // that should have been O(n).  If you want to remove an element other

  // than the last, the best way to do it is to re-arrange the elements

  // (using Swap()) so that the one you want removed is at the end, then

  // call RemoveLast().

  void RemoveLast(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // Removes the last element of a repeated message field, and returns the

  // pointer to the caller.  Caller takes ownership of the returned pointer.

  PROTOBUF_NODISCARD Message* ReleaseLast(Message* message,

                                          const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // Similar to ReleaseLast() without internal safety and ownershp checks. This

  // method should only be used when the objects are on the same arena or paired

  // with a call to `UnsafeArenaAddAllocatedMessage`.

  Message* UnsafeArenaReleaseLast(Message* message,

                                  const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // Swap the complete contents of two messages.

  void Swap(Message* message1, Message* message2) const;

  // Swap fields listed in fields vector of two messages.

  void SwapFields(Message* message1, Message* message2,

                  const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields) const;

  // Swap two elements of a repeated field.

  void SwapElements(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field, int index1,

                    int index2) const;

  // Swap without internal safety and ownership checks. This method should only

  // be used when the objects are on the same arena.

  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Message* lhs, Message* rhs) const;

  // SwapFields without internal safety and ownership checks. This method should

  // only be used when the objects are on the same arena.

  void UnsafeArenaSwapFields(

      Message* lhs, Message* rhs,

      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields) const;

  // List all fields of the message which are currently set, except for unknown

  // fields, but including extension known to the parser (i.e. compiled in).

  // Singular fields will only be listed if HasField(field) would return true

  // and repeated fields will only be listed if FieldSize(field) would return

  // non-zero.  Fields (both normal fields and extension fields) will be listed

  // ordered by field number.

  // Use Reflection::GetUnknownFields() or message.unknown_fields() to also get

  // access to fields/extensions unknown to the parser.

  void ListFields(const Message& message,

                  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const;

  // Singular field getters ------------------------------------------

  // These get the value of a non-repeated field.  They return the default

  // value for fields that aren't set.

  int32_t GetInt32(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  int64_t GetInt64(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  uint32_t GetUInt32(const Message& message,

                     const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  uint64_t GetUInt64(const Message& message,

                     const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  float GetFloat(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  double GetDouble(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  bool GetBool(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  std::string GetString(const Message& message,

                        const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  const EnumValueDescriptor* GetEnum(const Message& message,

                                     const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // GetEnumValue() returns an enum field's value as an integer rather than

  // an EnumValueDescriptor*. If the integer value does not correspond to a

  // known value descriptor, a new value descriptor is created. (Such a value

  // will only be present when the new unknown-enum-value semantics are enabled

  // for a message.)

  int GetEnumValue(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // See MutableMessage() for the meaning of the "factory" parameter.

  const Message& GetMessage(const Message& message,

                            const FieldDescriptor* field,

                            MessageFactory* factory = nullptr) const;

  // Get a string value without copying, if possible.

  //

  // GetString() necessarily returns a copy of the string.  This can be

  // inefficient when the std::string is already stored in a std::string object

  // in the underlying message.  GetStringReference() will return a reference to

  // the underlying std::string in this case.  Otherwise, it will copy the

  // string into *scratch and return that.

  //

  // Note:  It is perfectly reasonable and useful to write code like:

  //     str = reflection->GetStringReference(message, field, &str);

  //   This line would ensure that only one copy of the string is made

  //   regardless of the field's underlying representation.  When initializing

  //   a newly-constructed string, though, it's just as fast and more

  //   readable to use code like:

  //     std::string str = reflection->GetString(message, field);

  const std::string& GetStringReference(const Message& message,

                                        const FieldDescriptor* field,

                                        std::string* scratch) const;

  // Returns a Cord containing the value of the string field.  If the

  // underlying field is stored as a cord (e.g. it has the [ctype=CORD]

  // option), this involves no copies (just reference counting).  If the

  // underlying representation is not a Cord, a copy will have to be made.

  absl::Cord GetCord(const Message& message,

                     const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // Enables GetStringView() and GetRepeatedStringView() APIs to return

  // absl::string_view even though the underlying implementation doesn't have

  // contiguous bytes; e.g. absl::Cord.

  class ScratchSpace {

   public:

    ScratchSpace() = default;

    ScratchSpace(const ScratchSpace&) = delete;

    ScratchSpace& operator=(const ScratchSpace&) = delete;

   private:

    friend class Reflection;

    absl::string_view CopyFromCord(const absl::Cord& cord) {

      if (absl::optional<absl::string_view> flat = cord.TryFlat()) {

        return *flat;

      }

      if (!buffer_) {

        buffer_ = absl::make_unique<std::string>();

      }

      absl::CopyCordToString(cord, buffer_.get());

      return *buffer_;

    }

    std::unique_ptr<std::string> buffer_;

  };

  // Returns a view into the contents of a string field. "scratch" is used to

  // flatten bytes if it is non-contiguous. The lifetime of absl::string_view is

  // either tied to "message" (contiguous) or "scratch" (otherwise).

  absl::string_view GetStringView(

      const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

      ScratchSpace& scratch ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_LIFETIME_BOUND) const;

  // Singular field mutators -----------------------------------------

  // These mutate the value of a non-repeated field.

  void SetInt32(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                int32_t value) const;

  void SetInt64(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                int64_t value) const;

  void SetUInt32(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                 uint32_t value) const;

  void SetUInt64(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                 uint64_t value) const;

  void SetFloat(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                float value) const;

  void SetDouble(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                 double value) const;

  void SetBool(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

               bool value) const;

  void SetString(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                 std::string value) const;

  // Set a string field to a Cord value.  If the underlying field is

  // represented using a Cord already, this involves no copies  (just

  // reference counting).  Otherwise, a copy must be made.

  void SetString(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                 const absl::Cord& value) const;

  void SetEnum(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

               const EnumValueDescriptor* value) const;

  // Set an enum field's value with an integer rather than EnumValueDescriptor.

  // For proto3 this is just setting the enum field to the value specified, for

  // proto2 it's more complicated. If value is a known enum value the field is

  // set as usual. If the value is unknown then it is added to the unknown field

  // set. Note this matches the behavior of parsing unknown enum values.

  // If multiple calls with unknown values happen than they are all added to the

  // unknown field set in order of the calls.

  void SetEnumValue(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                    int value) const;

  // Get a mutable pointer to a field with a message type.  If a MessageFactory

  // is provided, it will be used to construct instances of the sub-message;

  // otherwise, the default factory is used.  If the field is an extension that

  // does not live in the same pool as the containing message's descriptor (e.g.

  // it lives in an overlay pool), then a MessageFactory must be provided.

  // If you have no idea what that meant, then you probably don't need to worry

  // about it (don't provide a MessageFactory).  WARNING:  If the

  // FieldDescriptor is for a compiled-in extension, then

  // factory->GetPrototype(field->message_type()) MUST return an instance of

  // the compiled-in class for this type, NOT DynamicMessage.

  Message* MutableMessage(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                          MessageFactory* factory = nullptr) const;

  // Replaces the message specified by 'field' with the already-allocated object

  // sub_message, passing ownership to the message.  If the field contained a

  // message, that message is deleted.  If sub_message is nullptr, the field is

  // cleared.

  void SetAllocatedMessage(Message* message, Message* sub_message,

                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // Similar to `SetAllocatedMessage`, but omits all internal safety and

  // ownership checks.  This method should only be used when the objects are on

  // the same arena or paired with a call to `UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage`.

  void UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(Message* message, Message* sub_message,

                                      const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // Releases the message specified by 'field' and returns the pointer,

  // ReleaseMessage() will return the message the message object if it exists.

  // Otherwise, it may or may not return nullptr.  In any case, if the return

  // value is non-null, the caller takes ownership of the pointer.

  // If the field existed (HasField() is true), then the returned pointer will

  // be the same as the pointer returned by MutableMessage().

  // This function has the same effect as ClearField().

  PROTOBUF_NODISCARD Message* ReleaseMessage(

      Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

      MessageFactory* factory = nullptr) const;

  // Similar to `ReleaseMessage`, but omits all internal safety and ownership

  // checks.  This method should only be used when the objects are on the same

  // arena or paired with a call to `UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage`.

  Message* UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(Message* message,

                                     const FieldDescriptor* field,

                                     MessageFactory* factory = nullptr) const;

  // Repeated field getters ------------------------------------------

  // These get the value of one element of a repeated field.

  int32_t GetRepeatedInt32(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                           int index) const;

  int64_t GetRepeatedInt64(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                           int index) const;

  uint32_t GetRepeatedUInt32(const Message& message,

                             const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) const;

  uint64_t GetRepeatedUInt64(const Message& message,

                             const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) const;

  float GetRepeatedFloat(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                         int index) const;

  double GetRepeatedDouble(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                           int index) const;

  bool GetRepeatedBool(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                       int index) const;

  std::string GetRepeatedString(const Message& message,

                                const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) const;

  const EnumValueDescriptor* GetRepeatedEnum(const Message& message,

                                             const FieldDescriptor* field,

                                             int index) const;

  // GetRepeatedEnumValue() returns an enum field's value as an integer rather

  // than an EnumValueDescriptor*. If the integer value does not correspond to a

  // known value descriptor, a new value descriptor is created. (Such a value

  // will only be present when the new unknown-enum-value semantics are enabled

  // for a message.)

  int GetRepeatedEnumValue(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                           int index) const;

  const Message& GetRepeatedMessage(const Message& message,

                                    const FieldDescriptor* field,

                                    int index) const;

  // See GetStringReference(), above.

  const std::string& GetRepeatedStringReference(const Message& message,

                                                const FieldDescriptor* field,

                                                int index,

                                                std::string* scratch) const;

  // See GetStringView(), above.

  absl::string_view GetRepeatedStringView(

      const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,

      ScratchSpace& scratch ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_LIFETIME_BOUND) const;

  // Repeated field mutators -----------------------------------------

  // These mutate the value of one element of a repeated field.

  void SetRepeatedInt32(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                        int index, int32_t value) const;

  void SetRepeatedInt64(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                        int index, int64_t value) const;

  void SetRepeatedUInt32(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                         int index, uint32_t value) const;

  void SetRepeatedUInt64(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                         int index, uint64_t value) const;

  void SetRepeatedFloat(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                        int index, float value) const;

  void SetRepeatedDouble(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                         int index, double value) const;

  void SetRepeatedBool(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                       int index, bool value) const;

  void SetRepeatedString(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                         int index, std::string value) const;

  void SetRepeatedEnum(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                       int index, const EnumValueDescriptor* value) const;

  // Set an enum field's value with an integer rather than EnumValueDescriptor.

  // For proto3 this is just setting the enum field to the value specified, for

  // proto2 it's more complicated. If value is a known enum value the field is

  // set as usual. If the value is unknown then it is added to the unknown field

  // set. Note this matches the behavior of parsing unknown enum values.

  // If multiple calls with unknown values happen than they are all added to the

  // unknown field set in order of the calls.

  void SetRepeatedEnumValue(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                            int index, int value) const;

  // Get a mutable pointer to an element of a repeated field with a message

  // type.

  Message* MutableRepeatedMessage(Message* message,

                                  const FieldDescriptor* field,

                                  int index) const;

  // Repeated field adders -------------------------------------------

  // These add an element to a repeated field.

  void AddInt32(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                int32_t value) const;

  void AddInt64(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                int64_t value) const;

  void AddUInt32(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                 uint32_t value) const;

  void AddUInt64(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                 uint64_t value) const;

  void AddFloat(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                float value) const;

  void AddDouble(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                 double value) const;

  void AddBool(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

               bool value) const;

  void AddString(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                 std::string value) const;

  void AddEnum(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

               const EnumValueDescriptor* value) const;

  // Add an integer value to a repeated enum field rather than

  // EnumValueDescriptor. For proto3 this is just setting the enum field to the

  // value specified, for proto2 it's more complicated. If value is a known enum

  // value the field is set as usual. If the value is unknown then it is added

  // to the unknown field set. Note this matches the behavior of parsing unknown

  // enum values. If multiple calls with unknown values happen than they are all

  // added to the unknown field set in order of the calls.

  void AddEnumValue(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                    int value) const;

  // See MutableMessage() for comments on the "factory" parameter.

  Message* AddMessage(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                      MessageFactory* factory = nullptr) const;

  // Appends an already-allocated object 'new_entry' to the repeated field

  // specified by 'field' passing ownership to the message.

  void AddAllocatedMessage(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                           Message* new_entry) const;

  // Similar to AddAllocatedMessage() without internal safety and ownership

  // checks. This method should only be used when the objects are on the same

  // arena or paired with a call to `UnsafeArenaReleaseLast`.

  void UnsafeArenaAddAllocatedMessage(Message* message,

                                      const FieldDescriptor* field,

                                      Message* new_entry) const;

  // Get a RepeatedFieldRef object that can be used to read the underlying

  // repeated field. The type parameter T must be set according to the

  // field's cpp type. The following table shows the mapping from cpp type

  // to acceptable T.

  //

  //   field->cpp_type()      T

  //   CPPTYPE_INT32        int32_t

  //   CPPTYPE_UINT32       uint32_t

  //   CPPTYPE_INT64        int64_t

  //   CPPTYPE_UINT64       uint64_t

  //   CPPTYPE_DOUBLE       double

  //   CPPTYPE_FLOAT        float

  //   CPPTYPE_BOOL         bool

  //   CPPTYPE_ENUM         generated enum type or int32_t

  //   CPPTYPE_STRING       std::string

  //   CPPTYPE_MESSAGE      generated message type or google::protobuf::Message

  //

  // A RepeatedFieldRef object can be copied and the resulted object will point

  // to the same repeated field in the same message. The object can be used as

  // long as the message is not destroyed.

  //

  // Note that to use this method users need to include the header file

  // "reflection.h" (which defines the RepeatedFieldRef class templates).

  template <typename T>

  RepeatedFieldRef<T> GetRepeatedFieldRef(const Message& message,

                                          const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // Like GetRepeatedFieldRef() but return an object that can also be used

  // manipulate the underlying repeated field.

  template <typename T>

  MutableRepeatedFieldRef<T> GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef(

      Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // DEPRECATED. Please use Get(Mutable)RepeatedFieldRef() for repeated field

  // access. The following repeated field accessors will be removed in the

  // future.

  //

  // Repeated field accessors  -------------------------------------------------

  // The methods above, e.g. GetRepeatedInt32(msg, fd, index), provide singular

  // access to the data in a RepeatedField.  The methods below provide aggregate

  // access by exposing the RepeatedField object itself with the Message.

  // Applying these templates to inappropriate types will lead to an undefined

  // reference at link time (e.g. GetRepeatedField<***double>), or possibly a

  // template matching error at compile time (e.g. GetRepeatedPtrField<File>).

  //

  // Usage example: my_doubs = refl->GetRepeatedField<double>(msg, fd);

  // DEPRECATED. Please use GetRepeatedFieldRef().

  //

  // for T = Cord and all protobuf scalar types except enums.

  template <typename T>

  [[deprecated(

      "Please use GetRepeatedFieldRef() instead")]] const RepeatedField<T>&

  GetRepeatedField(const Message& msg, const FieldDescriptor* d) const {

    return GetRepeatedFieldInternal<T>(msg, d);

  }

  // DEPRECATED. Please use GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef().

  //

  // for T = Cord and all protobuf scalar types except enums.

  template <typename T>

  [[deprecated(

      "Please use GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef() instead")]] RepeatedField<T>*

  MutableRepeatedField(Message* msg, const FieldDescriptor* d) const {

    return MutableRepeatedFieldInternal<T>(msg, d);

  }

  // DEPRECATED. Please use GetRepeatedFieldRef().

  //

  // for T = std::string, google::protobuf::internal::StringPieceField

  //         google::protobuf::Message & descendants.

  template <typename T>

  [[deprecated(

      "Please use GetRepeatedFieldRef() instead")]] const RepeatedPtrField<T>&

  GetRepeatedPtrField(const Message& msg, const FieldDescriptor* d) const {

    return GetRepeatedPtrFieldInternal<T>(msg, d);

  }

  // DEPRECATED. Please use GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef().

  //

  // for T = std::string, google::protobuf::internal::StringPieceField

  //         google::protobuf::Message & descendants.

  template <typename T>

  [[deprecated(

      "Please use GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef() instead")]] RepeatedPtrField<T>*

  MutableRepeatedPtrField(Message* msg, const FieldDescriptor* d) const {

    return MutableRepeatedPtrFieldInternal<T>(msg, d);

  }

  // Extensions ----------------------------------------------------------------

  // Try to find an extension of this message type by fully-qualified field

  // name.  Returns nullptr if no extension is known for this name or number.

  const FieldDescriptor* FindKnownExtensionByName(absl::string_view name) const;

  // Try to find an extension of this message type by field number.

  // Returns nullptr if no extension is known for this name or number.

  const FieldDescriptor* FindKnownExtensionByNumber(int number) const;

  // Returns the MessageFactory associated with this message.  This can be

  // useful for determining if a message is a generated message or not, for

  // example:

  //   if (message->GetReflection()->GetMessageFactory() ==

  //       google::protobuf::MessageFactory::generated_factory()) {

  //     // This is a generated message.

  //   }

  // It can also be used to create more messages of this type, though

  // Message::New() is an easier way to accomplish this.

  MessageFactory* GetMessageFactory() const;

 private:

  template <typename T>

  const RepeatedField<T>& GetRepeatedFieldInternal(

      const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  template <typename T>

  RepeatedField<T>* MutableRepeatedFieldInternal(

      Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  template <typename T>

  const RepeatedPtrField<T>& GetRepeatedPtrFieldInternal(

      const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  template <typename T>

  RepeatedPtrField<T>* MutableRepeatedPtrFieldInternal(

      Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // Obtain a pointer to a Repeated Field Structure and do some type checking:

  //   on field->cpp_type(),

  //   on field->field_option().ctype() (if ctype >= 0)

  //   of field->message_type() (if message_type != nullptr).

  // We use 2 routine rather than 4 (const vs mutable) x (scalar vs pointer).

  void* MutableRawRepeatedField(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                                FieldDescriptor::CppType cpptype, int ctype,

                                const Descriptor* desc) const;

  const void* GetRawRepeatedField(const Message& message,

                                  const FieldDescriptor* field,

                                  FieldDescriptor::CppType cpptype, int ctype,

                                  const Descriptor* desc) const;

  // The following methods are used to implement (Mutable)RepeatedFieldRef.

  // A Ref object will store a raw pointer to the repeated field data (obtained

  // from RepeatedFieldData()) and a pointer to a Accessor (obtained from

  // RepeatedFieldAccessor) which will be used to access the raw data.

  // Returns a raw pointer to the repeated field

  //

  // "cpp_type" and "message_type" are deduced from the type parameter T passed

  // to Get(Mutable)RepeatedFieldRef. If T is a generated message type,

  // "message_type" should be set to its descriptor. Otherwise "message_type"

  // should be set to nullptr. Implementations of this method should check

  // whether "cpp_type"/"message_type" is consistent with the actual type of the

  // field.

  const void* RepeatedFieldData(const Message& message,

                                const FieldDescriptor* field,

                                FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type,

                                const Descriptor* message_type) const;

  void* RepeatedFieldData(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,

                          FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type,

                          const Descriptor* message_type) const;

  // The returned pointer should point to a singleton instance which implements

  // the RepeatedFieldAccessor interface.

  const internal::RepeatedFieldAccessor* RepeatedFieldAccessor(

      const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  // Returns true if the message field is backed by a LazyField.

  //

  // A message field may be backed by a LazyField without the user annotation

  // ([lazy = true]). While the user-annotated LazyField is lazily verified on

  // first touch (i.e. failure on access rather than parsing if the LazyField is

  // not initialized), the inferred LazyField is eagerly verified to avoid lazy

  // parsing error at the cost of lower efficiency. When reflecting a message

  // field, use this API instead of checking field->options().lazy().

  bool IsLazyField(const FieldDescriptor* field) const {

    return IsLazilyVerifiedLazyField(field) ||

           IsEagerlyVerifiedLazyField(field);

  }

  // Returns true if the field is lazy extension. It is meant to allow python

  // reparse lazy field until b/157559327 is fixed.

  bool IsLazyExtension(const Message& message,

                       const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  bool IsLazilyVerifiedLazyField(const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  bool IsEagerlyVerifiedLazyField(const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  internal::field_layout::TransformValidation GetLazyStyle(

      const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

  bool IsSplit(const FieldDescriptor* field) const {

    return schema_.IsSplit(field);

  }

  // Walks the message tree from "root" and poisons (under ASAN) the memory to

  // force subsequent accesses to fail. Always calls Clear beforehand to clear

  // strings, etc.

  void MaybePoisonAfterClear(Message& root) const;

  friend class FastReflectionBase;

  friend class FastReflectionMessageMutator;

  friend class internal::ReflectionVisit;

  friend bool internal::IsDescendant(Message& root, const Message& message);

  friend void internal::MaybePoisonAfterClear(Message* root);

  const Descriptor* const descriptor_;

  const internal::ReflectionSchema schema_;

  const DescriptorPool* const descriptor_pool_;

  MessageFactory* const message_factory_;

  // Last non weak field index. This is an optimization when most weak fields

  // are at the end of the containing message. If a message proto doesn't

  // contain weak fields, then this field equals descriptor_->field_count().

  int last_non_weak_field_index_;

  // The table-driven parser table.

  // This table is generated on demand for Message types that did not override

  // _InternalParse. It uses the reflection information to do so.

  mutable absl::once_flag tcparse_table_once_;

  using TcParseTableBase = internal::TcParseTableBase;

  mutable const TcParseTableBase* tcparse_table_ = nullptr;

  const TcParseTableBase* GetTcParseTable() const {

    absl::call_once(tcparse_table_once_,

                    [&] { tcparse_table_ = CreateTcParseTable(); });

    return tcparse_table_;

  }

  const TcParseTableBase* CreateTcParseTable() const;

  void PopulateTcParseFastEntries(

      const internal::TailCallTableInfo& table_info,

      TcParseTableBase::FastFieldEntry* fast_entries) const;

  void PopulateTcParseEntries(internal::TailCallTableInfo& table_info,

                              TcParseTableBase::FieldEntry* entries) const;

  void PopulateTcParseFieldAux(const internal::TailCallTableInfo& table_info,

                               TcParseTableBase::FieldAux* field_aux) const;

  template <typename T, typename Enable>

  friend class RepeatedFieldRef;

  template <typename T, typename Enable>

  friend class MutableRepeatedFieldRef;

  friend class Message;

  friend class MessageLayoutInspector;

  friend class AssignDescriptorsHelper;

  friend class DynamicMessageFactory;

  friend class GeneratedMessageReflectionTestHelper;

  friend class python::MapReflectionFriend;

  friend class python::MessageReflectionFriend;

  friend class util::MessageDifferencer;

#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_CEL_MAP_REFLECTION_FRIEND

  friend class expr::CelMapReflectionFriend;

  friend class internal::MapFieldReflectionTest;

  friend class internal::MapKeySorter;

  friend class internal::MessageUtil;

  friend class internal::WireFormat;

  friend class internal::ReflectionOps;

  friend class internal::SwapFieldHelper;

  template <bool is_oneof>

  friend struct internal::DynamicFieldInfoHelper;

  friend struct internal::FuzzPeer;

  // Needed for implementing text format for map.

  friend class internal::MapFieldPrinterHelper;

  Reflection(const Descriptor* descriptor,

             const internal::ReflectionSchema& schema,

             const DescriptorPool* pool, MessageFactory* factory);

  // Special version for specialized implementations of string.  We can't

  // call MutableRawRepeatedField directly here because we don't have access to

  // FieldOptions::* which are defined in descriptor.pb.h.  Including that