/src/open5gs/lib/ipfw/ipfw2.c

Source
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Luigi Rizzo
 * Copyright (c) 1996 Alex Nash, Paul Traina, Poul-Henning Kamp
 * Copyright (c) 1994 Ugen J.S.Antsilevich
 *
 * Idea and grammar partially left from:
 * Copyright (c) 1993 Daniel Boulet
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source forms, with and without modification,
 * are permitted provided that this entire comment appears intact.
 *
 * Redistribution in binary form may occur without any restrictions.
 * Obviously, it would be nice if you gave credit where credit is due
 * but requiring it would be too onerous.
 *
 * This software is provided ``AS IS'' without any warranties of any kind.
 *
 * NEW command line interface for IP firewall facility
 *
 * $FreeBSD: head/sbin/ipfw/ipfw2.c 273253 2014-10-18 15:18:31Z melifaro $
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/sockio.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>

#include "ipfw2.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <time.h> /* ctime */
#include <timeconv.h> /* _long_to_time */
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stddef.h> /* offsetof */

#include <net/ethernet.h>
#include <net/if.h>   /* only IFNAMSIZ */
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h> /* only n_short, n_long */
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <netinet/ip_fw.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

struct cmdline_opts co; /* global options */

struct format_opts {
  int bcwidth;
  int pcwidth;
  int show_counters;
  uint32_t set_mask;  /* enabled sets mask */
  uint32_t flags;   /* request flags */
  uint32_t first;   /* first rule to request */
  uint32_t last;    /* last rule to request */
  uint32_t dcnt;    /* number of dynamic states */
  ipfw_obj_ctlv *tstate;  /* table state data */
};

int resvd_set_number = RESVD_SET;

int ipfw_socket = -1;

#if 1 /* modifed by acetcom */
/*
 * errx() is overridden so that a malformed rule cannot exit() the daemon.
 *
 * Logging alone, however, lets the parser fall through and build a rule out
 * of data that was never populated -- an unresolvable address leaves the
 * address word zeroed and a "0.0.0.0/32" filter is installed, a bad prefix
 * length leaves the mask zeroed and the filter widens to "any" -- while
 * ogs_ipfw_compile_rule() still reports success to its caller.
 *
 * Record the failure so that ogs_ipfw_compile_rule() can reject the rule.
 * The flag is cleared immediately before compile_rule() and read immediately
 * after it returns; rules are compiled on the NF event loop.
 */
int ogs_ipfw_parse_error = 0;

#define errx(eval, ...) \
    do { \
        ogs_ipfw_parse_error = 1; \
        ogs_log_message(OGS_LOG_ERROR, 0, __VA_ARGS__); \
    } while (0)
#endif

#define CHECK_LENGTH(v, len) do {       \
  if ((v) < (len))         \
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "Rule too long");    \
  } while (0)
/*
 * Check if we have enough space in cmd buffer. Note that since
 * first 8? u32 words are reserved by reserved header, full cmd
 * buffer can't be used, so we need to protect from buffer overrun
 * only. At the beginnig, cblen is less than actual buffer size by
 * size of ipfw_insn_u32 instruction + 1 u32 work. This eliminates need
 * for checking small instructions fitting in given range.
 * We also (ab)use the fact that ipfw_insn is always the first field
 * for any custom instruction.
 */
#define CHECK_CMDLEN  CHECK_LENGTH(cblen, F_LEN((ipfw_insn *)cmd))

#define GET_UINT_ARG(arg, min, max, tok, s_x) do {     \
  if (!av[0])             \
    errx(EX_USAGE, "%s: missing argument", match_value(s_x, tok)); \
  if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {       \
    arg = IP_FW_TARG;         \
    break;              \
  }               \
                  \
  {               \
  long _xval;             \
  char *end;              \
                  \
  _xval = strtol(*av, &end, 10);          \
                  \
  if (!isdigit(**av) || *end != '\0' || (_xval == 0 && errno == EINVAL)) \
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "%s: invalid argument: %s",    \
        match_value(s_x, tok), *av);      \
                  \
  if (errno == ERANGE || _xval < min || _xval > max)   \
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "%s: argument is out of range (%u..%u): %s", \
        match_value(s_x, tok), min, max, *av);    \
                  \
  if (_xval == IP_FW_TARG)         \
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "%s: illegal argument value: %s",  \
        match_value(s_x, tok), *av);      \
  arg = _xval;              \
  }               \
} while (0)

static struct _s_x f_tcpflags[] = {
  { "syn", TH_SYN },
  { "fin", TH_FIN },
  { "ack", TH_ACK },
  { "psh", TH_PUSH },
  { "rst", TH_RST },
  { "urg", TH_URG },
  { "tcp flag", 0 },
  { NULL, 0 }
};

static struct _s_x f_tcpopts[] = {
  { "mss",  IP_FW_TCPOPT_MSS },
  { "maxseg", IP_FW_TCPOPT_MSS },
  { "window", IP_FW_TCPOPT_WINDOW },
  { "sack", IP_FW_TCPOPT_SACK },
  { "ts",   IP_FW_TCPOPT_TS },
  { "timestamp",  IP_FW_TCPOPT_TS },
  { "cc",   IP_FW_TCPOPT_CC },
  { "tcp option", 0 },
  { NULL, 0 }
};

/*
 * IP options span the range 0 to 255 so we need to remap them
 * (though in fact only the low 5 bits are significant).
 */
static struct _s_x f_ipopts[] = {
  { "ssrr", IP_FW_IPOPT_SSRR},
  { "lsrr", IP_FW_IPOPT_LSRR},
  { "rr",   IP_FW_IPOPT_RR},
  { "ts",   IP_FW_IPOPT_TS},
  { "ip option",  0 },
  { NULL, 0 }
};

static struct _s_x f_iptos[] = {
  { "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY},
  { "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT},
  { "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY},
  { "mincost",  IPTOS_MINCOST},
  { "congestion", IPTOS_ECN_CE},
  { "ecntransport", IPTOS_ECN_ECT0},
  { "ip tos option", 0},
  { NULL, 0 }
};

struct _s_x f_ipdscp[] = {
  { "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 >> 2 }, /* 001010 */
  { "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 >> 2 }, /* 001100 */
  { "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 >> 2 }, /* 001110 */
  { "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 >> 2 }, /* 010010 */
  { "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 >> 2 }, /* 010100 */
  { "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 >> 2 }, /* 010110 */
  { "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 >> 2 }, /* 011010 */
  { "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 >> 2 }, /* 011100 */
  { "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 >> 2 }, /* 011110 */
  { "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 >> 2 }, /* 100010 */
  { "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 >> 2 }, /* 100100 */
  { "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 >> 2 }, /* 100110 */
  { "be", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 >> 2 },  /* 000000 */
  { "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF >> 2 }, /* 101110 */
  { "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 >> 2 }, /* 000000 */
  { "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 >> 2 }, /* 001000 */
  { "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 >> 2 }, /* 010000 */
  { "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 >> 2 }, /* 011000 */
  { "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 >> 2 }, /* 100000 */
  { "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 >> 2 }, /* 101000 */
  { "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 >> 2 }, /* 110000 */
  { "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 >> 2 }, /* 100000 */
  { NULL, 0 }
};

static struct _s_x limit_masks[] = {
  {"all",   DYN_SRC_ADDR|DYN_SRC_PORT|DYN_DST_ADDR|DYN_DST_PORT},
  {"src-addr",  DYN_SRC_ADDR},
  {"src-port",  DYN_SRC_PORT},
  {"dst-addr",  DYN_DST_ADDR},
  {"dst-port",  DYN_DST_PORT},
  {NULL,    0}
};

/*
 * we use IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE as a fake protocol id to call the print routines
 * This is only used in this code.
 */
#define IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE 0x1000
static struct _s_x ether_types[] = {
    /*
     * Note, we cannot use "-:&/" in the names because they are field
     * separators in the type specifications. Also, we use s = NULL as
     * end-delimiter, because a type of 0 can be legal.
     */
  { "ip",   0x0800 },
  { "ipv4", 0x0800 },
  { "ipv6", 0x86dd },
  { "arp",  0x0806 },
  { "rarp", 0x8035 },
  { "vlan", 0x8100 },
  { "loop", 0x9000 },
  { "trail",  0x1000 },
  { "at",   0x809b },
  { "atalk",  0x809b },
  { "aarp", 0x80f3 },
  { "pppoe_disc", 0x8863 },
  { "pppoe_sess", 0x8864 },
  { "ipx_8022", 0x00E0 },
  { "ipx_8023", 0x0000 },
  { "ipx_ii", 0x8137 },
  { "ipx_snap", 0x8137 },
  { "ipx",  0x8137 },
  { "ns",   0x0600 },
  { NULL,   0 }
};


static struct _s_x rule_actions[] = {
  { "accept",   TOK_ACCEPT },
  { "pass",   TOK_ACCEPT },
  { "allow",    TOK_ACCEPT },
  { "permit",   TOK_ACCEPT },
  { "count",    TOK_COUNT },
  { "pipe",   TOK_PIPE },
  { "queue",    TOK_QUEUE },
  { "divert",   TOK_DIVERT },
  { "tee",    TOK_TEE },
  { "netgraph",   TOK_NETGRAPH },
  { "ngtee",    TOK_NGTEE },
  { "fwd",    TOK_FORWARD },
  { "forward",    TOK_FORWARD },
  { "skipto",   TOK_SKIPTO },
  { "deny",   TOK_DENY },
  { "drop",   TOK_DENY },
  { "reject",   TOK_REJECT },
  { "reset6",   TOK_RESET6 },
  { "reset",    TOK_RESET },
  { "unreach6",   TOK_UNREACH6 },
  { "unreach",    TOK_UNREACH },
  { "check-state",  TOK_CHECKSTATE },
  { "//",     TOK_COMMENT },
  { "nat",    TOK_NAT },
  { "reass",    TOK_REASS },
  { "setfib",   TOK_SETFIB },
  { "setdscp",    TOK_SETDSCP },
  { "call",   TOK_CALL },
  { "return",   TOK_RETURN },
  { NULL, 0 } /* terminator */
};

static struct _s_x rule_action_params[] = {
  { "altq",   TOK_ALTQ },
  { "log",    TOK_LOG },
  { "tag",    TOK_TAG },
  { "untag",    TOK_UNTAG },
  { NULL, 0 } /* terminator */
};

/*
 * The 'lookup' instruction accepts one of the following arguments.
 * -1 is a terminator for the list.
 * Arguments are passed as v[1] in O_DST_LOOKUP options.
 */
static int lookup_key[] = {
  TOK_DSTIP, TOK_SRCIP, TOK_DSTPORT, TOK_SRCPORT,
  TOK_UID, TOK_JAIL, TOK_DSCP, -1 };

static struct _s_x rule_options[] = {
  { "tagged",   TOK_TAGGED },
  { "uid",    TOK_UID },
  { "gid",    TOK_GID },
  { "jail",   TOK_JAIL },
  { "in",     TOK_IN },
  { "limit",    TOK_LIMIT },
  { "keep-state",   TOK_KEEPSTATE },
  { "bridged",    TOK_LAYER2 },
  { "layer2",   TOK_LAYER2 },
  { "out",    TOK_OUT },
  { "diverted",   TOK_DIVERTED },
  { "diverted-loopback",  TOK_DIVERTEDLOOPBACK },
  { "diverted-output",  TOK_DIVERTEDOUTPUT },
  { "xmit",   TOK_XMIT },
  { "recv",   TOK_RECV },
  { "via",    TOK_VIA },
  { "fragment",   TOK_FRAG },
  { "frag",   TOK_FRAG },
  { "fib",    TOK_FIB },
  { "ipoptions",    TOK_IPOPTS },
  { "ipopts",   TOK_IPOPTS },
  { "iplen",    TOK_IPLEN },
  { "ipid",   TOK_IPID },
  { "ipprecedence", TOK_IPPRECEDENCE },
  { "dscp",   TOK_DSCP },
  { "iptos",    TOK_IPTOS },
  { "ipttl",    TOK_IPTTL },
  { "ipversion",    TOK_IPVER },
  { "ipver",    TOK_IPVER },
  { "estab",    TOK_ESTAB },
  { "established",  TOK_ESTAB },
  { "setup",    TOK_SETUP },
  { "sockarg",    TOK_SOCKARG },
  { "tcpdatalen",   TOK_TCPDATALEN },
  { "tcpflags",   TOK_TCPFLAGS },
  { "tcpflgs",    TOK_TCPFLAGS },
  { "tcpoptions",   TOK_TCPOPTS },
  { "tcpopts",    TOK_TCPOPTS },
  { "tcpseq",   TOK_TCPSEQ },
  { "tcpack",   TOK_TCPACK },
  { "tcpwin",   TOK_TCPWIN },
  { "icmptype",   TOK_ICMPTYPES },
  { "icmptypes",    TOK_ICMPTYPES },
  { "dst-ip",   TOK_DSTIP },
  { "src-ip",   TOK_SRCIP },
  { "dst-port",   TOK_DSTPORT },
  { "src-port",   TOK_SRCPORT },
  { "proto",    TOK_PROTO },
  { "MAC",    TOK_MAC },
  { "mac",    TOK_MAC },
  { "mac-type",   TOK_MACTYPE },
  { "verrevpath",   TOK_VERREVPATH },
  { "versrcreach",  TOK_VERSRCREACH },
  { "antispoof",    TOK_ANTISPOOF },
  { "ipsec",    TOK_IPSEC },
  { "icmp6type",    TOK_ICMP6TYPES },
  { "icmp6types",   TOK_ICMP6TYPES },
  { "ext6hdr",    TOK_EXT6HDR},
  { "flow-id",    TOK_FLOWID},
  { "ipv6",   TOK_IPV6},
  { "ip6",    TOK_IPV6},
  { "ipv4",   TOK_IPV4},
  { "ip4",    TOK_IPV4},
  { "dst-ipv6",   TOK_DSTIP6},
  { "dst-ip6",    TOK_DSTIP6},
  { "src-ipv6",   TOK_SRCIP6},
  { "src-ip6",    TOK_SRCIP6},
  { "lookup",   TOK_LOOKUP},
  { "flow",   TOK_FLOW},
  { "//",     TOK_COMMENT },

  { "not",    TOK_NOT },    /* pseudo option */
  { "!", /* escape ? */ TOK_NOT },    /* pseudo option */
  { "or",     TOK_OR },   /* pseudo option */
  { "|", /* escape */ TOK_OR },   /* pseudo option */
  { "{",      TOK_STARTBRACE }, /* pseudo option */
  { "(",      TOK_STARTBRACE }, /* pseudo option */
  { "}",      TOK_ENDBRACE },   /* pseudo option */
  { ")",      TOK_ENDBRACE },   /* pseudo option */
  { NULL, 0 } /* terminator */
};

void bprint_uint_arg(struct buf_pr *bp, const char *str, uint32_t arg);
static int ipfw_get_config(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    ipfw_cfg_lheader **pcfg, size_t *psize);
static int ipfw_show_config(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    ipfw_cfg_lheader *cfg, size_t sz, int ac, char **av);
static void ipfw_list_tifaces(void);

/*
 * Simple string buffer API.
 * Used to simplify buffer passing between function and for
 * transparent overrun handling.
 */

/*
 * Allocates new buffer of given size @sz.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success.
 */
int
bp_alloc(struct buf_pr *b, size_t size)
{
  memset(b, 0, sizeof(struct buf_pr));

  if ((b->buf = calloc(1, size)) == NULL)
    return (ENOMEM);

  b->ptr = b->buf;
  b->size = size;
  b->avail = b->size;

  return (0);
}

void
bp_free(struct buf_pr *b)
{

  free(b->buf);
}

/*
 * Flushes buffer so new writer start from beginning.
 */
void
bp_flush(struct buf_pr *b)
{

  b->ptr = b->buf;
  b->avail = b->size;
}

/*
 * Print message specified by @format and args.
 * Automatically manage buffer space and transparently handle
 * buffer overruns.
 *
 * Returns number of bytes that should have been printed.
 */
int
bprintf(struct buf_pr *b, char *format, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  int i;

  va_start(args, format);

  i = vsnprintf(b->ptr, b->avail, format, args);
  va_end(args);

  if (i > b->avail || i < 0) {
    /* Overflow or print error */
    b->avail = 0;
  } else {
    b->ptr += i;
    b->avail -= i;
  } 

  b->needed += i;

  return (i);
}

/*
 * Special values printer for tablearg-aware opcodes.
 */
void
bprint_uint_arg(struct buf_pr *bp, const char *str, uint32_t arg)
{

  if (str != NULL)
    bprintf(bp, "%s", str);
  if (arg == IP_FW_TARG)
    bprintf(bp, "tablearg");
  else
    bprintf(bp, "%u", arg);
}

/*
 * Helper routine to print a possibly unaligned uint64_t on
 * various platform. If width > 0, print the value with
 * the desired width, followed by a space;
 * otherwise, return the required width.
 */
int
pr_u64(struct buf_pr *b, uint64_t *pd, int width)
{
#ifdef TCC
#define U64_FMT "I64"
#else
#define U64_FMT "llu"
#endif
  uint64_t u;
  unsigned long long d;

  bcopy (pd, &u, sizeof(u));
  d = u;
  return (width > 0) ?
    bprintf(b, "%*" U64_FMT " ", width, d) :
    snprintf(NULL, 0, "%" U64_FMT, d) ;
#undef U64_FMT
}


void *
safe_calloc(size_t number, size_t size)
{
  void *ret = calloc(number, size);

  if (ret == NULL)
    err(EX_OSERR, "calloc");
  return ret;
}

void *
safe_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
  void *ret = realloc(ptr, size);

  if (ret == NULL)
    err(EX_OSERR, "realloc");
  return ret;
}

/*
 * Compare things like interface or table names.
 */
int
stringnum_cmp(const char *a, const char *b)
{
  int la, lb;

  la = strlen(a);
  lb = strlen(b);

  if (la > lb)
    return (1);
  else if (la < lb)
    return (-01);

  return (strcmp(a, b));
}


/*
 * conditionally runs the command.
 * Selected options or negative -> getsockopt
 */
int
do_cmd(int optname, void *optval, uintptr_t optlen)
{
  int i;

  if (co.test_only)
    return 0;

  if (ipfw_socket == -1)
    ipfw_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
  if (ipfw_socket < 0)
    err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "socket");

  if (optname == IP_FW_GET || optname == IP_DUMMYNET_GET ||
      optname == IP_FW_ADD || optname == IP_FW3 ||
      optname == IP_FW_NAT_GET_CONFIG ||
      optname < 0 ||
      optname == IP_FW_NAT_GET_LOG) {
    if (optname < 0)
      optname = -optname;
    i = getsockopt(ipfw_socket, IPPROTO_IP, optname, optval,
      (socklen_t *)optlen);
  } else {
    i = setsockopt(ipfw_socket, IPPROTO_IP, optname, optval, optlen);
  }
  return i;
}

/*
 * do_set3 - pass ipfw control cmd to kernel
 * @optname: option name
 * @optval: pointer to option data
 * @optlen: option length
 *
 * Assumes op3 header is already embedded.
 * Calls setsockopt() with IP_FW3 as kernel-visible opcode.
 * Returns 0 on success or errno otherwise.
 */
int
do_set3(int optname, ip_fw3_opheader *op3, uintptr_t optlen)
{

  if (co.test_only)
    return (0);

  if (ipfw_socket == -1)
    ipfw_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
  if (ipfw_socket < 0)
    err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "socket");

  op3->opcode = optname;

  return (setsockopt(ipfw_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW3, op3, optlen));
}

/*
 * do_get3 - pass ipfw control cmd to kernel
 * @optname: option name
 * @optval: pointer to option data
 * @optlen: pointer to option length
 *
 * Assumes op3 header is already embedded.
 * Calls getsockopt() with IP_FW3 as kernel-visible opcode.
 * Returns 0 on success or errno otherwise.
 */
int
do_get3(int optname, ip_fw3_opheader *op3, size_t *optlen)
{
  int error;

  if (co.test_only)
    return (0);

  if (ipfw_socket == -1)
    ipfw_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
  if (ipfw_socket < 0)
    err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "socket");

  op3->opcode = optname;

  error = getsockopt(ipfw_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW3, op3,
      (socklen_t *)optlen);

  return (error);
}

/**
 * match_token takes a table and a string, returns the value associated
 * with the string (-1 in case of failure).
 */
int
match_token(struct _s_x *table, char *string)
{
  struct _s_x *pt;
  uint i = strlen(string);

  for (pt = table ; i && pt->s != NULL ; pt++)
    if (strlen(pt->s) == i && !bcmp(string, pt->s, i))
      return pt->x;
  return (-1);
}

/**
 * match_token takes a table and a string, returns the value associated
 * with the string for the best match.
 *
 * Returns:
 * value from @table for matched records
 * -1 for non-matched records
 * -2 if more than one records match @string.
 */
int
match_token_relaxed(struct _s_x *table, char *string)
{
  struct _s_x *pt, *m = NULL;
  int i, c;

  i = strlen(string);
  c = 0;

  for (pt = table ; i != 0 && pt->s != NULL ; pt++) {
    if (strncmp(pt->s, string, i) != 0)
      continue;
    m = pt;
    c++;
  }

  if (c == 1)
    return (m->x);

  return (c > 0 ? -2: -1);
}

/**
 * match_value takes a table and a value, returns the string associated
 * with the value (NULL in case of failure).
 */
char const *
match_value(struct _s_x *p, int value)
{
  for (; p->s != NULL; p++)
    if (p->x == value)
      return p->s;
  return NULL;
}

size_t
concat_tokens(char *buf, size_t bufsize, struct _s_x *table, char *delimiter)
{
  struct _s_x *pt;
  int l;
  size_t sz;

  for (sz = 0, pt = table ; pt->s != NULL; pt++) {
    l = snprintf(buf + sz, bufsize - sz, "%s%s",
        (sz == 0) ? "" : delimiter, pt->s);
    sz += l;
    bufsize += l;
    if (sz > bufsize)
      return (bufsize);
  }

  return (sz);
}

/*
 * helper function to process a set of flags and set bits in the
 * appropriate masks.
 */
int
fill_flags(struct _s_x *flags, char *p, char **e, uint32_t *set,
    uint32_t *clear)
{
  char *q;  /* points to the separator */
  int val;
  uint32_t *which;  /* mask we are working on */

  while (p && *p) {
    if (*p == '!') {
      p++;
      which = clear;
    } else
      which = set;
    q = strchr(p, ',');
    if (q)
      *q++ = '\0';
    val = match_token(flags, p);
    if (val <= 0) {
      if (e != NULL)
        *e = p;
      return (-1);
    }
    *which |= (uint32_t)val;
    p = q;
  }
  return (0);
}

void
print_flags_buffer(char *buf, size_t sz, struct _s_x *list, uint32_t set)
{
  char const *comma = "";
  int i, l;

  for (i = 0; list[i].x != 0; i++) {
    if ((set & list[i].x) == 0)
      continue;
    
    set &= ~list[i].x;
    l = snprintf(buf, sz, "%s%s", comma, list[i].s);
    if (l >= sz)
      return;
    comma = ",";
    buf += l;
    sz -=l;
  }
}

/*
 * _substrcmp takes two strings and returns 1 if they do not match,
 * and 0 if they match exactly or the first string is a sub-string
 * of the second.  A warning is printed to stderr in the case that the
 * first string is a sub-string of the second.
 *
 * This function will be removed in the future through the usual
 * deprecation process.
 */
int
_substrcmp(const char *str1, const char* str2)
{
  /* Clang scan-build SA: Argument with nonnull attribute passed null. */
  if ((!str1) || (!str2)) return(1);

  if (strncmp(str1, str2, strlen(str1)) != 0)
    return 1;

  if (strlen(str1) != strlen(str2))
    warnx("DEPRECATED: '%s' matched '%s' as a sub-string",
        str1, str2);
  return 0;
}

/*
 * _substrcmp2 takes three strings and returns 1 if the first two do not match,
 * and 0 if they match exactly or the second string is a sub-string
 * of the first.  A warning is printed to stderr in the case that the
 * first string does not match the third.
 *
 * This function exists to warn about the bizarre construction
 * strncmp(str, "by", 2) which is used to allow people to use a shortcut
 * for "bytes".  The problem is that in addition to accepting "by",
 * "byt", "byte", and "bytes", it also excepts "by_rabid_dogs" and any
 * other string beginning with "by".
 *
 * This function will be removed in the future through the usual
 * deprecation process.
 */
int
_substrcmp2(const char *str1, const char* str2, const char* str3)
{

  if (strncmp(str1, str2, strlen(str2)) != 0)
    return 1;

  if (strcmp(str1, str3) != 0)
    warnx("DEPRECATED: '%s' matched '%s'",
        str1, str3);
  return 0;
}

/*
 * prints one port, symbolic or numeric
 */
static void
print_port(struct buf_pr *bp, int proto, uint16_t port)
{

  if (proto == IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE) {
    char const *s;

    if (co.do_resolv && (s = match_value(ether_types, port)) )
      bprintf(bp, "%s", s);
    else
      bprintf(bp, "0x%04x", port);
  } else {
    struct servent *se = NULL;
    if (co.do_resolv) {
      struct protoent *pe = getprotobynumber(proto);

      se = getservbyport(htons(port), pe ? pe->p_name : NULL);
    }
    if (se)
      bprintf(bp, "%s", se->s_name);
    else
      bprintf(bp, "%d", port);
  }
}

static struct _s_x _port_name[] = {
  {"dst-port",  O_IP_DSTPORT},
  {"src-port",  O_IP_SRCPORT},
  {"ipid",  O_IPID},
  {"iplen", O_IPLEN},
  {"ipttl", O_IPTTL},
  {"mac-type",  O_MAC_TYPE},
  {"tcpdatalen",  O_TCPDATALEN},
  {"tcpwin",  O_TCPWIN},
  {"tagged",  O_TAGGED},
  {NULL,    0}
};

/*
 * Print the values in a list 16-bit items of the types above.
 * XXX todo: add support for mask.
 */
static void
print_newports(struct buf_pr *bp, ipfw_insn_u16 *cmd, int proto, int opcode)
{
  uint16_t *p = cmd->ports;
  int i;
  char const *sep;

  if (opcode != 0) {
    sep = match_value(_port_name, opcode);
    if (sep == NULL)
      sep = "???";
    bprintf(bp, " %s", sep);
  }
  sep = " ";
  for (i = F_LEN((ipfw_insn *)cmd) - 1; i > 0; i--, p += 2) {
    bprintf(bp, "%s", sep);
    print_port(bp, proto, p[0]);
    if (p[0] != p[1]) {
      bprintf(bp, "-");
      print_port(bp, proto, p[1]);
    }
    sep = ",";
  }
}

/*
 * Like strtol, but also translates service names into port numbers
 * for some protocols.
 * In particular:
 *  proto == -1 disables the protocol check;
 *  proto == IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE looks up an internal table
 *  proto == <some value in /etc/protocols> matches the values there.
 * Returns *end == s in case the parameter is not found.
 */
static int
strtoport(char *s, char **end, int base, int proto)
{
  char *p, *buf;
  char *s1;
  int i;

  *end = s;   /* default - not found */
  if (*s == '\0')
    return 0; /* not found */

  if (isdigit(*s))
    return strtol(s, end, base);

  /*
   * find separator. '\\' escapes the next char.
   */
  for (s1 = s; *s1 && (isalnum(*s1) || *s1 == '\\') ; s1++)
    if (*s1 == '\\' && s1[1] != '\0')
      s1++;

  buf = safe_calloc(s1 - s + 1, 1);

  /*
   * copy into a buffer skipping backslashes
   */
  for (p = s, i = 0; p != s1 ; p++)
    if (*p != '\\')
      buf[i++] = *p;
  buf[i++] = '\0';

  if (proto == IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE) {
    i = match_token(ether_types, buf);
    free(buf);
    if (i != -1) { /* found */
      *end = s1;
      return i;
    }
  } else {
    struct protoent *pe = NULL;
    struct servent *se;

    if (proto != 0)
      pe = getprotobynumber(proto);
    setservent(1);
    se = getservbyname(buf, pe ? pe->p_name : NULL);
    free(buf);
    if (se != NULL) {
      *end = s1;
      return ntohs(se->s_port);
    }
  }
  return 0; /* not found */
}

/*
 * Fill the body of the command with the list of port ranges.
 */
static int
fill_newports(ipfw_insn_u16 *cmd, char *av, int proto, int cblen)
{
  uint16_t a, b, *p = cmd->ports;
  int i = 0;
  char *s = av;

  while (*s) {
    a = strtoport(av, &s, 0, proto);
    if (s == av)      /* empty or invalid argument */
      return (0);

    CHECK_LENGTH(cblen, i + 2);

    switch (*s) {
    case '-':     /* a range */
      av = s + 1;
      b = strtoport(av, &s, 0, proto);
      /* Reject expressions like '1-abc' or '1-2-3'. */
      if (s == av || (*s != ',' && *s != '\0'))
        return (0);
      p[0] = a;
      p[1] = b;
      break;
    case ',':     /* comma separated list */
    case '\0':
      p[0] = p[1] = a;
      break;
    default:
      warnx("port list: invalid separator <%c> in <%s>",
        *s, av);
      return (0);
    }

    i++;
    p += 2;
    av = s + 1;
  }
  if (i > 0) {
    if (i + 1 > F_LEN_MASK)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "too many ports/ranges\n");
    cmd->o.len |= i + 1;  /* leave F_NOT and F_OR untouched */
  }
  return (i);
}

/*
 * Fill the body of the command with the list of DiffServ codepoints.
 */
static void
fill_dscp(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen)
{
  uint32_t *low, *high;
  char *s = av, *a;
  int code;

  cmd->opcode = O_DSCP;
  cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32) + 1;

  CHECK_CMDLEN;

  low = (uint32_t *)(cmd + 1);
  high = low + 1;

  *low = 0;
  *high = 0;

  while (s != NULL) {
    a = strchr(s, ',');

    if (a != NULL)
      *a++ = '\0';

    if (isalpha(*s)) {
      if ((code = match_token(f_ipdscp, s)) == -1)
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Unknown DSCP code");
    } else {
      code = strtoul(s, NULL, 10);
      if (code < 0 || code > 63)
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid DSCP value");
    }

    if (code > 32)
      *high |= 1 << (code - 32);
    else
      *low |= 1 << code;

    s = a;
  }
}

static struct _s_x icmpcodes[] = {
      { "net",      ICMP_UNREACH_NET },
      { "host",     ICMP_UNREACH_HOST },
      { "protocol",   ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL },
      { "port",     ICMP_UNREACH_PORT },
      { "needfrag",   ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG },
      { "srcfail",    ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL },
      { "net-unknown",    ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN },
      { "host-unknown",   ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN },
      { "isolated",   ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED },
      { "net-prohib",   ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB },
      { "host-prohib",    ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB },
      { "tosnet",   ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET },
      { "toshost",    ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST },
      { "filter-prohib",  ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB },
      { "host-precedence",  ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PRECEDENCE },
      { "precedence-cutoff",  ICMP_UNREACH_PRECEDENCE_CUTOFF },
      { NULL, 0 }
};

static void
fill_reject_code(u_short *codep, char *str)
{
  int val;
  char *s;

  val = strtoul(str, &s, 0);
  if (s == str || *s != '\0' || val >= 0x100)
    val = match_token(icmpcodes, str);
  if (val < 0)
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "unknown ICMP unreachable code ``%s''", str);
  *codep = val;
  return;
}

static void
print_reject_code(struct buf_pr *bp, uint16_t code)
{
  char const *s;

  if ((s = match_value(icmpcodes, code)) != NULL)
    bprintf(bp, "unreach %s", s);
  else
    bprintf(bp, "unreach %u", code);
}

/*
 * Returns the number of bits set (from left) in a contiguous bitmask,
 * or -1 if the mask is not contiguous.
 * XXX this needs a proper fix.
 * This effectively works on masks in big-endian (network) format.
 * when compiled on little endian architectures.
 *
 * First bit is bit 7 of the first byte -- note, for MAC addresses,
 * the first bit on the wire is bit 0 of the first byte.
 * len is the max length in bits.
 */
int
contigmask(uint8_t *p, int len)
{
  int i, n;

  for (i=0; i<len ; i++)
    if ( (p[i/8] & (1 << (7 - (i%8)))) == 0) /* first bit unset */
      break;
  for (n=i+1; n < len; n++)
    if ( (p[n/8] & (1 << (7 - (n%8)))) != 0)
      return -1; /* mask not contiguous */
  return i;
}

/*
 * print flags set/clear in the two bitmasks passed as parameters.
 * There is a specialized check for f_tcpflags.
 */
static void
print_flags(struct buf_pr *bp, char const *name, ipfw_insn *cmd,
    struct _s_x *list)
{
  char const *comma = "";
  int i;
  uint8_t set = cmd->arg1 & 0xff;
  uint8_t clear = (cmd->arg1 >> 8) & 0xff;

  if (list == f_tcpflags && set == TH_SYN && clear == TH_ACK) {
    bprintf(bp, " setup");
    return;
  }

  bprintf(bp, " %s ", name);
  for (i=0; list[i].x != 0; i++) {
    if (set & list[i].x) {
      set &= ~list[i].x;
      bprintf(bp, "%s%s", comma, list[i].s);
      comma = ",";
    }
    if (clear & list[i].x) {
      clear &= ~list[i].x;
      bprintf(bp, "%s!%s", comma, list[i].s);
      comma = ",";
    }
  }
}


/*
 * Print the ip address contained in a command.
 */
static void
print_ip(struct buf_pr *bp, struct format_opts *fo, ipfw_insn_ip *cmd,
    char const *s)
{
  struct hostent *he = NULL;
  struct in_addr *ia;
  uint32_t len = F_LEN((ipfw_insn *)cmd);
  uint32_t *a = ((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd)->d;
  char *t;

  if (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST_LOOKUP && len > F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32)) {
    uint32_t d = a[1];
    const char *arg = "<invalid>";

    if (d < sizeof(lookup_key)/sizeof(lookup_key[0]))
      arg = match_value(rule_options, lookup_key[d]);
    t = table_search_ctlv(fo->tstate, ((ipfw_insn *)cmd)->arg1);
    bprintf(bp, "%s lookup %s %s", cmd->o.len & F_NOT ? " not": "",
      arg, t);
    return;
  }
  bprintf(bp, "%s%s ", cmd->o.len & F_NOT ? " not": "", s);

  if (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC_ME || cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST_ME) {
    bprintf(bp, "me");
    return;
  }
  if (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC_LOOKUP ||
      cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST_LOOKUP) {
    t = table_search_ctlv(fo->tstate, ((ipfw_insn *)cmd)->arg1);
    bprintf(bp, "table(%s", t);
    if (len == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32))
      bprintf(bp, ",%u", *a);
    bprintf(bp, ")");
    return;
  }
  if (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC_SET || cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST_SET) {
    uint32_t x, *map = (uint32_t *)&(cmd->mask);
    int i, j;
    char comma = '{';

    x = cmd->o.arg1 - 1;
    x = htonl( ~x );
    cmd->addr.s_addr = htonl(cmd->addr.s_addr);
    bprintf(bp, "%s/%d", inet_ntoa(cmd->addr),
      contigmask((uint8_t *)&x, 32));
    x = cmd->addr.s_addr = htonl(cmd->addr.s_addr);
    x &= 0xff; /* base */
    /*
     * Print bits and ranges.
     * Locate first bit set (i), then locate first bit unset (j).
     * If we have 3+ consecutive bits set, then print them as a
     * range, otherwise only print the initial bit and rescan.
     */
    for (i=0; i < cmd->o.arg1; i++)
      if (map[i/32] & (1<<(i & 31))) {
        for (j=i+1; j < cmd->o.arg1; j++)
          if (!(map[ j/32] & (1<<(j & 31))))
            break;
        bprintf(bp, "%c%d", comma, i+x);
        if (j>i+2) { /* range has at least 3 elements */
          bprintf(bp, "-%d", j-1+x);
          i = j-1;
        }
        comma = ',';
      }
    bprintf(bp, "}");
    return;
  }
  /*
   * len == 2 indicates a single IP, whereas lists of 1 or more
   * addr/mask pairs have len = (2n+1). We convert len to n so we
   * use that to count the number of entries.
   */
    for (len = len / 2; len > 0; len--, a += 2) {
  int mb =  /* mask length */
      (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC || cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST) ?
    32 : contigmask((uint8_t *)&(a[1]), 32);
  if (mb == 32 && co.do_resolv)
    he = gethostbyaddr((char *)&(a[0]), sizeof(u_long), AF_INET);
  if (he != NULL)   /* resolved to name */
    bprintf(bp, "%s", he->h_name);
  else if (mb == 0) /* any */
    bprintf(bp, "any");
  else {   /* numeric IP followed by some kind of mask */
    ia = (struct in_addr *)&a[0];
    bprintf(bp, "%s", inet_ntoa(*ia));
    if (mb < 0)
      bprintf(bp, ":%s", inet_ntoa(*ia ) );
    else if (mb < 32)
      bprintf(bp, "/%d", mb);
  }
  if (len > 1)
    bprintf(bp, ",");
    }
}

/*
 * prints a MAC address/mask pair
 */
static void
print_mac(struct buf_pr *bp, uint8_t *addr, uint8_t *mask)
{
  int l = contigmask(mask, 48);

  if (l == 0)
    bprintf(bp, " any");
  else {
    bprintf(bp, " %02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
        addr[0], addr[1], addr[2], addr[3], addr[4], addr[5]);
    if (l == -1)
      bprintf(bp, "&%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
          mask[0], mask[1], mask[2],
          mask[3], mask[4], mask[5]);
    else if (l < 48)
      bprintf(bp, "/%d", l);
  }
}

static void
fill_icmptypes(ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd, char *av)
{
  uint8_t type;

  cmd->d[0] = 0;
  while (*av) {
    if (*av == ',')
      av++;

    type = strtoul(av, &av, 0);

    if (*av != ',' && *av != '\0')
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ICMP type");

    if (type > 31)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "ICMP type out of range");

    cmd->d[0] |= 1 << type;
  }
  cmd->o.opcode = O_ICMPTYPE;
  cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
}

static void
print_icmptypes(struct buf_pr *bp, ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd)
{
  int i;
  char sep= ' ';

  bprintf(bp, " icmptypes");
  for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
    if ( (cmd->d[0] & (1 << (i))) == 0)
      continue;
    bprintf(bp, "%c%d", sep, i);
    sep = ',';
  }
}

static void
print_dscp(struct buf_pr *bp, ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd)
{
  int i, c;
  uint32_t *v;
  char sep= ' ';
  const char *code;

  bprintf(bp, " dscp");
  i = 0;
  c = 0;
  v = cmd->d;
  while (i < 64) {
    if (*v & (1 << i)) {
      if ((code = match_value(f_ipdscp, i)) != NULL)
        bprintf(bp, "%c%s", sep, code);
      else
        bprintf(bp, "%c%d", sep, i);
      sep = ',';
    }

    if ((++i % 32) == 0)
      v++;
  }
}

/*
 * show_ipfw() prints the body of an ipfw rule.
 * Because the standard rule has at least proto src_ip dst_ip, we use
 * a helper function to produce these entries if not provided explicitly.
 * The first argument is the list of fields we have, the second is
 * the list of fields we want to be printed.
 *
 * Special cases if we have provided a MAC header:
 *   + if the rule does not contain IP addresses/ports, do not print them;
 *   + if the rule does not contain an IP proto, print "all" instead of "ip";
 *
 * Once we have 'have_options', IP header fields are printed as options.
 */
#define HAVE_PROTO  0x0001
#define HAVE_SRCIP  0x0002
#define HAVE_DSTIP  0x0004
#define HAVE_PROTO4 0x0008
#define HAVE_PROTO6 0x0010
#define HAVE_IP   0x0100
#define HAVE_OPTIONS  0x8000

static void
show_prerequisites(struct buf_pr *bp, int *flags, int want, int cmd)
{
  (void)cmd;  /* UNUSED */
  if (co.comment_only)
    return;
  if ( (*flags & HAVE_IP) == HAVE_IP)
    *flags |= HAVE_OPTIONS;

  if ( !(*flags & HAVE_OPTIONS)) {
    if ( !(*flags & HAVE_PROTO) && (want & HAVE_PROTO)) {
      if ( (*flags & HAVE_PROTO4))
        bprintf(bp, " ip4");
      else if ( (*flags & HAVE_PROTO6))
        bprintf(bp, " ip6");
      else
        bprintf(bp, " ip");
    }
    if ( !(*flags & HAVE_SRCIP) && (want & HAVE_SRCIP))
      bprintf(bp, " from any");
    if ( !(*flags & HAVE_DSTIP) && (want & HAVE_DSTIP))
      bprintf(bp, " to any");
  }
  *flags |= want;
}

static void
show_static_rule(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    struct buf_pr *bp, struct ip_fw_rule *rule, struct ip_fw_bcounter *cntr)
{
  static int twidth = 0;
  int l;
  ipfw_insn *cmd, *tagptr = NULL;
  const char *comment = NULL; /* ptr to comment if we have one */
  int proto = 0;    /* default */
  int flags = 0;  /* prerequisites */
  ipfw_insn_log *logptr = NULL; /* set if we find an O_LOG */
  ipfw_insn_altq *altqptr = NULL; /* set if we find an O_ALTQ */
  int or_block = 0; /* we are in an or block */
  uint32_t uval;

  if ((fo->set_mask & (1 << rule->set)) == 0) {
    /* disabled mask */
    if (!co->show_sets)
      return;
    else
      bprintf(bp, "# DISABLED ");
  }
  bprintf(bp, "%05u ", rule->rulenum);

  /* Print counters if enabled */
  if (fo->pcwidth > 0 || fo->bcwidth > 0) {
    pr_u64(bp, &cntr->pcnt, fo->pcwidth);
    pr_u64(bp, &cntr->bcnt, fo->bcwidth);
  }

  if (co->do_time == 2)
    bprintf(bp, "%10u ", cntr->timestamp);
  else if (co->do_time == 1) {
    char timestr[30];
    time_t t = (time_t)0;

    if (twidth == 0) {
      strcpy(timestr, ctime(&t));
      *strchr(timestr, '\n') = '\0';
      twidth = strlen(timestr);
    }
    if (cntr->timestamp > 0) {
      t = _long_to_time(cntr->timestamp);

      strcpy(timestr, ctime(&t));
      *strchr(timestr, '\n') = '\0';
      bprintf(bp, "%s ", timestr);
    } else {
      bprintf(bp, "%*s", twidth, " ");
    }
  }

  if (co->show_sets)
    bprintf(bp, "set %d ", rule->set);

  /*
   * print the optional "match probability"
   */
  if (rule->cmd_len > 0) {
    cmd = rule->cmd ;
    if (cmd->opcode == O_PROB) {
      ipfw_insn_u32 *p = (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd;
      double d = 1.0 * p->d[0];

      d = (d / 0x7fffffff);
      bprintf(bp, "prob %f ", d);
    }
  }

  /*
   * first print actions
   */
  for (l = rule->cmd_len - rule->act_ofs, cmd = ACTION_PTR(rule);
      l > 0 ; l -= F_LEN(cmd), cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) {
    switch(cmd->opcode) {
    case O_CHECK_STATE:
      bprintf(bp, "check-state");
      /* avoid printing anything else */
      flags = HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_SRCIP |
        HAVE_DSTIP | HAVE_IP;
      break;

    case O_ACCEPT:
      bprintf(bp, "allow");
      break;

    case O_COUNT:
      bprintf(bp, "count");
      break;

    case O_DENY:
      bprintf(bp, "deny");
      break;

    case O_REJECT:
      if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP_REJECT_RST)
        bprintf(bp, "reset");
      else if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP_UNREACH_HOST)
        bprintf(bp, "reject");
      else
        print_reject_code(bp, cmd->arg1);
      break;

    case O_UNREACH6:
      if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP6_UNREACH_RST)
        bprintf(bp, "reset6");
      else
        print_unreach6_code(cmd->arg1);
      break;

    case O_SKIPTO:
      bprint_uint_arg(bp, "skipto ", cmd->arg1);
      break;

    case O_PIPE:
      bprint_uint_arg(bp, "pipe ", cmd->arg1);
      break;

    case O_QUEUE:
      bprint_uint_arg(bp, "queue ", cmd->arg1);
      break;

    case O_DIVERT:
      bprint_uint_arg(bp, "divert ", cmd->arg1);
      break;

    case O_TEE:
      bprint_uint_arg(bp, "tee ", cmd->arg1);
      break;

    case O_NETGRAPH:
      bprint_uint_arg(bp, "netgraph ", cmd->arg1);
      break;

    case O_NGTEE:
      bprint_uint_arg(bp, "ngtee ", cmd->arg1);
      break;

    case O_FORWARD_IP:
        {
      ipfw_insn_sa *s = (ipfw_insn_sa *)cmd;

      if (s->sa.sin_addr.s_addr == INADDR_ANY) {
        bprintf(bp, "fwd tablearg");
      } else {
        bprintf(bp, "fwd %s",inet_ntoa(s->sa.sin_addr));
      }
      if (s->sa.sin_port)
        bprintf(bp, ",%d", s->sa.sin_port);
        }
      break;

    case O_FORWARD_IP6:
        {
      char buf[4 + INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + 1];
      ipfw_insn_sa6 *s = (ipfw_insn_sa6 *)cmd;

      bprintf(bp, "fwd %s", inet_ntop(AF_INET6,
          &s->sa.sin6_addr, buf, sizeof(buf)));
      if (s->sa.sin6_port)
        bprintf(bp, ",%d", s->sa.sin6_port);
        }
      break;

    case O_LOG: /* O_LOG is printed last */
      logptr = (ipfw_insn_log *)cmd;
      break;

    case O_ALTQ: /* O_ALTQ is printed after O_LOG */
      altqptr = (ipfw_insn_altq *)cmd;
      break;

    case O_TAG:
      tagptr = cmd;
      break;

    case O_NAT:
      if (cmd->arg1 != 0)
        bprint_uint_arg(bp, "nat ", cmd->arg1);
      else
        bprintf(bp, "nat global");
      break;

    case O_SETFIB:
      bprint_uint_arg(bp, "setfib ", cmd->arg1 & 0x7FFF);
      break;

    case O_SETDSCP:
        {
      const char *code;

      if (cmd->arg1 == IP_FW_TARG) {
        bprint_uint_arg(bp, "setdscp ", cmd->arg1);
        break;
      }
      uval = cmd->arg1 & 0x3F;
      if ((code = match_value(f_ipdscp, uval)) != NULL)
        bprintf(bp, "setdscp %s", code);
      else
        bprint_uint_arg(bp, "setdscp ", uval);
        }
      break;

    case O_REASS:
      bprintf(bp, "reass");
      break;

    case O_CALLRETURN:
      if (cmd->len & F_NOT)
        bprintf(bp, "return");
      else
        bprint_uint_arg(bp, "call ", cmd->arg1);
      break;

    default:
      bprintf(bp, "** unrecognized action %d len %d ",
        cmd->opcode, cmd->len);
    }
  }
  if (logptr) {
    if (logptr->max_log > 0)
      bprintf(bp, " log logamount %d", logptr->max_log);
    else
      bprintf(bp, " log");
  }
#ifndef NO_ALTQ
  if (altqptr) {
    print_altq_cmd(bp, altqptr);
  }
#endif
  if (tagptr) {
    if (tagptr->len & F_NOT)
      bprint_uint_arg(bp, " untag ", tagptr->arg1);
    else
      bprint_uint_arg(bp, " tag ", tagptr->arg1);
  }

  /*
   * then print the body.
   */
  for (l = rule->act_ofs, cmd = rule->cmd;
      l > 0 ; l -= F_LEN(cmd) , cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) {
    if ((cmd->len & F_OR) || (cmd->len & F_NOT))
      continue;
    if (cmd->opcode == O_IP4) {
      flags |= HAVE_PROTO4;
      break;
    } else if (cmd->opcode == O_IP6) {
      flags |= HAVE_PROTO6;
      break;
    }
  }
  if (rule->flags & IPFW_RULE_NOOPT) { /* empty rules before options */
    if (!co->do_compact) {
      show_prerequisites(bp, &flags, HAVE_PROTO, 0);
      bprintf(bp, " from any to any");
    }
    flags |= HAVE_IP | HAVE_OPTIONS | HAVE_PROTO |
       HAVE_SRCIP | HAVE_DSTIP;
  }

  if (co->comment_only)
    comment = "...";

  for (l = rule->act_ofs, cmd = rule->cmd;
      l > 0 ; l -= F_LEN(cmd) , cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) {
    /* useful alias */
    ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd32 = (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd;

    if (co->comment_only) {
      if (cmd->opcode != O_NOP)
        continue;
      bprintf(bp, " // %s\n", (char *)(cmd + 1));
      return;
    }

    show_prerequisites(bp, &flags, 0, cmd->opcode);

    switch(cmd->opcode) {
    case O_PROB:
      break; /* done already */

    case O_PROBE_STATE:
      break; /* no need to print anything here */

    case O_IP_SRC:
    case O_IP_SRC_LOOKUP:
    case O_IP_SRC_MASK:
    case O_IP_SRC_ME:
    case O_IP_SRC_SET:
      show_prerequisites(bp, &flags, HAVE_PROTO, 0);
      if (!(flags & HAVE_SRCIP))
        bprintf(bp, " from");
      if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
        bprintf(bp, " {");
      print_ip(bp, fo, (ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd,
        (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? " src-ip" : "");
      flags |= HAVE_SRCIP;
      break;

    case O_IP_DST:
    case O_IP_DST_LOOKUP:
    case O_IP_DST_MASK:
    case O_IP_DST_ME:
    case O_IP_DST_SET:
      show_prerequisites(bp, &flags, HAVE_PROTO|HAVE_SRCIP, 0);
      if (!(flags & HAVE_DSTIP))
        bprintf(bp, " to");
      if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
        bprintf(bp, " {");
      print_ip(bp, fo, (ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd,
        (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? " dst-ip" : "");
      flags |= HAVE_DSTIP;
      break;

    case O_IP6_SRC:
    case O_IP6_SRC_MASK:
    case O_IP6_SRC_ME:
      show_prerequisites(bp, &flags, HAVE_PROTO, 0);
      if (!(flags & HAVE_SRCIP))
        bprintf(bp, " from");
      if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
        bprintf(bp, " {");
      print_ip6(bp, (ipfw_insn_ip6 *)cmd,
          (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? " src-ip6" : "");
      flags |= HAVE_SRCIP | HAVE_PROTO;
      break;

    case O_IP6_DST:
    case O_IP6_DST_MASK:
    case O_IP6_DST_ME:
      show_prerequisites(bp, &flags, HAVE_PROTO|HAVE_SRCIP, 0);
      if (!(flags & HAVE_DSTIP))
        bprintf(bp, " to");
      if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
        bprintf(bp, " {");
      print_ip6(bp, (ipfw_insn_ip6 *)cmd,
          (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? " dst-ip6" : "");
      flags |= HAVE_DSTIP;
      break;

    case O_FLOW6ID:
      print_flow6id(bp, (ipfw_insn_u32 *) cmd );
      flags |= HAVE_OPTIONS;
      break;

    case O_IP_DSTPORT:
      show_prerequisites(bp, &flags,
        HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_SRCIP |
        HAVE_DSTIP | HAVE_IP, 0);
    case O_IP_SRCPORT:
      if (flags & HAVE_DSTIP)
        flags |= HAVE_IP;
      show_prerequisites(bp, &flags,
        HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_SRCIP, 0);
      if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
        bprintf(bp, " {");
      if (cmd->len & F_NOT)
        bprintf(bp, " not");
      print_newports(bp, (ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, proto,
        (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? cmd->opcode : 0);
      break;

    case O_PROTO: {
      struct protoent *pe = NULL;

      if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
        bprintf(bp, " {");
      if (cmd->len & F_NOT)
        bprintf(bp, " not");
      proto = cmd->arg1;
      pe = getprotobynumber(cmd->arg1);
      if ((flags & (HAVE_PROTO4 | HAVE_PROTO6)) &&
          !(flags & HAVE_PROTO))
        show_prerequisites(bp, &flags,
            HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_IP | HAVE_SRCIP |
            HAVE_DSTIP | HAVE_OPTIONS, 0);
      if (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS)
        bprintf(bp, " proto");
      if (pe)
        bprintf(bp, " %s", pe->p_name);
      else
        bprintf(bp, " %u", cmd->arg1);
      }
      flags |= HAVE_PROTO;
      break;

    default: /*options ... */
      if (!(cmd->len & (F_OR|F_NOT)))
        if (((cmd->opcode == O_IP6) &&
            (flags & HAVE_PROTO6)) ||
            ((cmd->opcode == O_IP4) &&
            (flags & HAVE_PROTO4)))
          break;
      show_prerequisites(bp, &flags, HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_SRCIP |
            HAVE_DSTIP | HAVE_IP | HAVE_OPTIONS, 0);
      if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
        bprintf(bp, " {");
      if (cmd->len & F_NOT && cmd->opcode != O_IN)
        bprintf(bp, " not");
      switch(cmd->opcode) {
      case O_MACADDR2: {
        ipfw_insn_mac *m = (ipfw_insn_mac *)cmd;

        bprintf(bp, " MAC");
        print_mac(bp, m->addr, m->mask);
        print_mac(bp, m->addr + 6, m->mask + 6);
        }
        break;

      case O_MAC_TYPE:
        print_newports(bp, (ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd,
            IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE, cmd->opcode);
        break;


      case O_FRAG:
        bprintf(bp, " frag");
        break;

      case O_FIB:
        bprintf(bp, " fib %u", cmd->arg1 );
        break;
      case O_SOCKARG:
        bprintf(bp, " sockarg");
        break;

      case O_IN:
        bprintf(bp, cmd->len & F_NOT ? " out" : " in");
        break;

      case O_DIVERTED:
        switch (cmd->arg1) {
        case 3:
          bprintf(bp, " diverted");
          break;
        case 1:
          bprintf(bp, " diverted-loopback");
          break;
        case 2:
          bprintf(bp, " diverted-output");
          break;
        default:
          bprintf(bp, " diverted-?<%u>", cmd->arg1);
          break;
        }
        break;

      case O_LAYER2:
        bprintf(bp, " layer2");
        break;
      case O_XMIT:
      case O_RECV:
      case O_VIA:
          {
        char const *s, *t;
        ipfw_insn_if *cmdif = (ipfw_insn_if *)cmd;

        if (cmd->opcode == O_XMIT)
          s = "xmit";
        else if (cmd->opcode == O_RECV)
          s = "recv";
        else /* if (cmd->opcode == O_VIA) */
          s = "via";
        if (cmdif->name[0] == '\0')
          bprintf(bp, " %s %s", s,
              inet_ntoa(cmdif->p.ip));
        else if (cmdif->name[0] == '\1') {
          /* interface table */
          t = table_search_ctlv(fo->tstate,
              cmdif->p.kidx);
          bprintf(bp, " %s table(%s)", s, t);
        } else
          bprintf(bp, " %s %s", s, cmdif->name);

        break;
          }
      case O_IP_FLOW_LOOKUP:
          {
        char *t;

        t = table_search_ctlv(fo->tstate, cmd->arg1);
        bprintf(bp, " flow table(%s", t);
        if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32))
          bprintf(bp, ",%u",
              ((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd)->d[0]);
        bprintf(bp, ")");
        break;
          }
      case O_IPID:
        if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
            bprintf(bp, " ipid %u", cmd->arg1 );
        else
            print_newports(bp, (ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, 0,
          O_IPID);
        break;

      case O_IPTTL:
        if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
            bprintf(bp, " ipttl %u", cmd->arg1 );
        else
            print_newports(bp, (ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, 0,
          O_IPTTL);
        break;

      case O_IPVER:
        bprintf(bp, " ipver %u", cmd->arg1 );
        break;

      case O_IPPRECEDENCE:
        bprintf(bp, " ipprecedence %u", cmd->arg1 >> 5);
        break;

      case O_DSCP:
        print_dscp(bp, (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd);
        break;

      case O_IPLEN:
        if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
            bprintf(bp, " iplen %u", cmd->arg1 );
        else
            print_newports(bp, (ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, 0,
          O_IPLEN);
        break;

      case O_IPOPT:
        print_flags(bp, "ipoptions", cmd, f_ipopts);
        break;

      case O_IPTOS:
        print_flags(bp, "iptos", cmd, f_iptos);
        break;

      case O_ICMPTYPE:
        print_icmptypes(bp, (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd);
        break;

      case O_ESTAB:
        bprintf(bp, " established");
        break;

      case O_TCPDATALEN:
        if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
            bprintf(bp, " tcpdatalen %u", cmd->arg1 );
        else
            print_newports(bp, (ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, 0,
          O_TCPDATALEN);
        break;

      case O_TCPFLAGS:
        print_flags(bp, "tcpflags", cmd, f_tcpflags);
        break;

      case O_TCPOPTS:
        print_flags(bp, "tcpoptions", cmd, f_tcpopts);
        break;

      case O_TCPWIN:
        if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
            bprintf(bp, " tcpwin %u", cmd->arg1);
        else
            print_newports(bp, (ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, 0,
          O_TCPWIN);
        break;

      case O_TCPACK:
        bprintf(bp, " tcpack %d", ntohl(cmd32->d[0]));
        break;

      case O_TCPSEQ:
        bprintf(bp, " tcpseq %d", ntohl(cmd32->d[0]));
        break;

      case O_UID:
          {
        struct passwd *pwd = getpwuid(cmd32->d[0]);

        if (pwd)
          bprintf(bp, " uid %s", pwd->pw_name);
        else
          bprintf(bp, " uid %u", cmd32->d[0]);
          }
        break;

      case O_GID:
          {
        struct group *grp = getgrgid(cmd32->d[0]);

        if (grp)
          bprintf(bp, " gid %s", grp->gr_name);
        else
          bprintf(bp, " gid %u", cmd32->d[0]);
          }
        break;

      case O_JAIL:
        bprintf(bp, " jail %d", cmd32->d[0]);
        break;

      case O_VERREVPATH:
        bprintf(bp, " verrevpath");
        break;

      case O_VERSRCREACH:
        bprintf(bp, " versrcreach");
        break;

      case O_ANTISPOOF:
        bprintf(bp, " antispoof");
        break;

      case O_IPSEC:
        bprintf(bp, " ipsec");
        break;

      case O_NOP:
        comment = (char *)(cmd + 1);
        break;

      case O_KEEP_STATE:
        bprintf(bp, " keep-state");
        break;

      case O_LIMIT: {
        struct _s_x *p = limit_masks;
        ipfw_insn_limit *c = (ipfw_insn_limit *)cmd;
        uint8_t x = c->limit_mask;
        char const *comma = " ";

        bprintf(bp, " limit");
        for (; p->x != 0 ; p++)
          if ((x & p->x) == p->x) {
            x &= ~p->x;
            bprintf(bp, "%s%s", comma,p->s);
            comma = ",";
          }
        bprint_uint_arg(bp, " ", c->conn_limit);
        break;
      }

      case O_IP6:
        bprintf(bp, " ip6");
        break;

      case O_IP4:
        bprintf(bp, " ip4");
        break;

      case O_ICMP6TYPE:
        print_icmp6types(bp, (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd);
        break;

      case O_EXT_HDR:
        print_ext6hdr(bp, (ipfw_insn *)cmd);
        break;

      case O_TAGGED:
        if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
          bprint_uint_arg(bp, " tagged ",
              cmd->arg1);
        else
          print_newports(bp, (ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd,
              0, O_TAGGED);
        break;

      default:
        bprintf(bp, " [opcode %d len %d]",
            cmd->opcode, cmd->len);
      }
    }
    if (cmd->len & F_OR) {
      bprintf(bp, " or");
      or_block = 1;
    } else if (or_block) {
      bprintf(bp, " }");
      or_block = 0;
    }
  }
  show_prerequisites(bp, &flags, HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_SRCIP | HAVE_DSTIP
                | HAVE_IP, 0);
  if (comment)
    bprintf(bp, " // %s", comment);
  bprintf(bp, "\n");
}

static void
show_dyn_state(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    struct buf_pr *bp, ipfw_dyn_rule *d)
{
  struct protoent *pe;
  struct in_addr a;
  uint16_t rulenum;
  char buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];

  if (!co->do_expired) {
    if (!d->expire && !(d->dyn_type == O_LIMIT_PARENT))
      return;
  }
  bcopy(&d->rule, &rulenum, sizeof(rulenum));
  bprintf(bp, "%05d", rulenum);
  if (fo->pcwidth > 0 || fo->bcwidth > 0) {
    bprintf(bp, " ");
    pr_u64(bp, &d->pcnt, fo->pcwidth);
    pr_u64(bp, &d->bcnt, fo->bcwidth);
    bprintf(bp, "(%ds)", d->expire);
  }
  switch (d->dyn_type) {
  case O_LIMIT_PARENT:
    bprintf(bp, " PARENT %d", d->count);
    break;
  case O_LIMIT:
    bprintf(bp, " LIMIT");
    break;
  case O_KEEP_STATE: /* bidir, no mask */
    bprintf(bp, " STATE");
    break;
  }

  if ((pe = getprotobynumber(d->id.proto)) != NULL)
    bprintf(bp, " %s", pe->p_name);
  else
    bprintf(bp, " proto %u", d->id.proto);

  if (d->id.addr_type == 4) {
    a.s_addr = htonl(d->id.src_ip);
    bprintf(bp, " %s %d", inet_ntoa(a), d->id.src_port);

    a.s_addr = htonl(d->id.dst_ip);
    bprintf(bp, " <-> %s %d", inet_ntoa(a), d->id.dst_port);
  } else if (d->id.addr_type == 6) {
    bprintf(bp, " %s %d", inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &d->id.src_ip6, buf,
        sizeof(buf)), d->id.src_port);
    bprintf(bp, " <-> %s %d", inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &d->id.dst_ip6,
        buf, sizeof(buf)), d->id.dst_port);
  } else
    bprintf(bp, " UNKNOWN <-> UNKNOWN\n");
}

static int
do_range_cmd(int cmd, ipfw_range_tlv *rt)
{
  ipfw_range_header rh;
  size_t sz;

  memset(&rh, 0, sizeof(rh));
  memcpy(&rh.range, rt, sizeof(*rt));
  rh.range.head.length = sizeof(*rt);
  rh.range.head.type = IPFW_TLV_RANGE;
  sz = sizeof(rh);

  if (do_get3(cmd, &rh.opheader, &sz) != 0)
    return (-1);
  /* Save number of matched objects */
  rt->new_set = rh.range.new_set;
  return (0);
}

/*
 * This one handles all set-related commands
 *  ipfw set { show | enable | disable }
 *  ipfw set swap X Y
 *  ipfw set move X to Y
 *  ipfw set move rule X to Y
 */
void
ipfw_sets_handler(char *av[])
{
  uint32_t masks[2];
  int i;
  uint8_t cmd, rulenum;
  ipfw_range_tlv rt;
  char *msg;
  size_t size;

  av++;
  memset(&rt, 0, sizeof(rt));

  if (av[0] == NULL)
    errx(EX_USAGE, "set needs command");
  if (_substrcmp(*av, "show") == 0) {
    struct format_opts fo;
    ipfw_cfg_lheader *cfg;

    memset(&fo, 0, sizeof(fo));
    if (ipfw_get_config(&co, &fo, &cfg, &size) != 0)
      err(EX_OSERR, "requesting config failed");

    for (i = 0, msg = "disable"; i < RESVD_SET; i++)
      if ((cfg->set_mask & (1<<i)) == 0) {
        printf("%s %d", msg, i);
        msg = "";
      }
    msg = (cfg->set_mask != (uint32_t)-1) ? " enable" : "enable";
    for (i = 0; i < RESVD_SET; i++)
      if ((cfg->set_mask & (1<<i)) != 0) {
        printf("%s %d", msg, i);
        msg = "";
      }
    printf("\n");
    free(cfg);
  } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "swap") == 0) {
    av++;
    if ( av[0] == NULL || av[1] == NULL )
      errx(EX_USAGE, "set swap needs 2 set numbers\n");
    rt.set = atoi(av[0]);
    rt.new_set = atoi(av[1]);
    if (!isdigit(*(av[0])) || rt.set > RESVD_SET)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid set number %s\n", av[0]);
    if (!isdigit(*(av[1])) || rt.new_set > RESVD_SET)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid set number %s\n", av[1]);
    i = do_range_cmd(IP_FW_SET_SWAP, &rt);
  } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "move") == 0) {
    av++;
    if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "rule") == 0) {
      rt.flags = IPFW_RCFLAG_RANGE; /* move rules to new set */
      cmd = IP_FW_XMOVE;
      av++;
    } else
      cmd = IP_FW_SET_MOVE; /* Move set to new one */
    if (av[0] == NULL || av[1] == NULL || av[2] == NULL ||
        av[3] != NULL ||  _substrcmp(av[1], "to") != 0)
      errx(EX_USAGE, "syntax: set move [rule] X to Y\n");
    rulenum = atoi(av[0]);
    rt.new_set = atoi(av[2]);
    if (cmd == IP_FW_XMOVE) {
      rt.start_rule = rulenum;
      rt.end_rule = rulenum;
    } else
      rt.set = rulenum;
    rt.new_set = atoi(av[2]);
    if (!isdigit(*(av[0])) || (cmd == 3 && rt.set > RESVD_SET) ||
      (cmd == 2 && rt.start_rule == IPFW_DEFAULT_RULE) )
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid source number %s\n", av[0]);
    if (!isdigit(*(av[2])) || rt.new_set > RESVD_SET)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid dest. set %s\n", av[1]);
    i = do_range_cmd(cmd, &rt);
  } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "disable") == 0 ||
       _substrcmp(*av, "enable") == 0 ) {
    int which = _substrcmp(*av, "enable") == 0 ? 1 : 0;

    av++;
    masks[0] = masks[1] = 0;

    while (av[0]) {
      if (isdigit(**av)) {
        i = atoi(*av);
        if (i < 0 || i > RESVD_SET)
          errx(EX_DATAERR,
              "invalid set number %d\n", i);
        masks[which] |= (1<<i);
      } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "disable") == 0)
        which = 0;
      else if (_substrcmp(*av, "enable") == 0)
        which = 1;
      else
        errx(EX_DATAERR,
          "invalid set command %s\n", *av);
      av++;
    }
    if ( (masks[0] & masks[1]) != 0 )
      errx(EX_DATAERR,
          "cannot enable and disable the same set\n");

    rt.set = masks[0];
    rt.new_set = masks[1];
    i = do_range_cmd(IP_FW_SET_ENABLE, &rt);
    if (i)
      warn("set enable/disable: setsockopt(IP_FW_SET_ENABLE)");
  } else
    errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid set command %s\n", *av);
}

void
ipfw_sysctl_handler(char *av[], int which)
{
  av++;

  if (av[0] == NULL) {
    warnx("missing keyword to enable/disable\n");
  } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "firewall") == 0) {
    sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.enable", NULL, 0,
        &which, sizeof(which));
    sysctlbyname("net.inet6.ip6.fw.enable", NULL, 0,
        &which, sizeof(which));
  } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "one_pass") == 0) {
    sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass", NULL, 0,
        &which, sizeof(which));
  } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "debug") == 0) {
    sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.debug", NULL, 0,
        &which, sizeof(which));
  } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "verbose") == 0) {
    sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.verbose", NULL, 0,
        &which, sizeof(which));
  } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "dyn_keepalive") == 0) {
    sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_keepalive", NULL, 0,
        &which, sizeof(which));
#ifndef NO_ALTQ
  } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "altq") == 0) {
    altq_set_enabled(which);
#endif
  } else {
    warnx("unrecognize enable/disable keyword: %s\n", *av);
  }
}

typedef void state_cb(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    void *arg, void *state);

static void
prepare_format_dyn(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    void *arg, void *_state)
{
  ipfw_dyn_rule *d;
  int width;
  uint8_t set;

  d = (ipfw_dyn_rule *)_state;
  /* Count _ALL_ states */
  fo->dcnt++;

  if (fo->show_counters == 0)
    return;

  if (co->use_set) {
    /* skip states from another set */
    bcopy((char *)&d->rule + sizeof(uint16_t), &set,
        sizeof(uint8_t));
    if (set != co->use_set - 1)
      return;
  }

  width = pr_u64(NULL, &d->pcnt, 0);
  if (width > fo->pcwidth)
    fo->pcwidth = width;

  width = pr_u64(NULL, &d->bcnt, 0);
  if (width > fo->bcwidth)
    fo->bcwidth = width;
}

static int
foreach_state(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    caddr_t base, size_t sz, state_cb dyn_bc, void *dyn_arg)
{
  int ttype;
  state_cb *fptr;
  void *farg;
  ipfw_obj_tlv *tlv;
  ipfw_obj_ctlv *ctlv;

  fptr = NULL;
  ttype = 0;

  while (sz > 0) {
    ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)base;
    switch (ctlv->head.type) {
    case IPFW_TLV_DYNSTATE_LIST:
      base += sizeof(*ctlv);
      sz -= sizeof(*ctlv);
      ttype = IPFW_TLV_DYN_ENT;
      fptr = dyn_bc;
      farg = dyn_arg;
      break;
    default:
      return (sz);
    }

    while (sz > 0) {
      tlv = (ipfw_obj_tlv *)base;
      if (tlv->type != ttype)
        break;

      fptr(co, fo, farg, tlv + 1);
      sz -= tlv->length;
      base += tlv->length;
    }
  }

  return (sz);
}

static void
prepare_format_opts(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    ipfw_obj_tlv *rtlv, int rcnt, caddr_t dynbase, size_t dynsz)
{
  int bcwidth, pcwidth, width;
  int n;
  struct ip_fw_bcounter *cntr;
  struct ip_fw_rule *r;

  bcwidth = 0;
  pcwidth = 0;
  if (fo->show_counters != 0) {
    for (n = 0; n < rcnt; n++,
        rtlv = (ipfw_obj_tlv *)((caddr_t)rtlv + rtlv->length)) {
      cntr = (struct ip_fw_bcounter *)(rtlv + 1);
      r = (struct ip_fw_rule *)((caddr_t)cntr + cntr->size);
      /* skip rules from another set */
      if (co->use_set && r->set != co->use_set - 1)
        continue;

      /* packet counter */
      width = pr_u64(NULL, &cntr->pcnt, 0);
      if (width > pcwidth)
        pcwidth = width;

      /* byte counter */
      width = pr_u64(NULL, &cntr->bcnt, 0);
      if (width > bcwidth)
        bcwidth = width;
    }
  }
  fo->bcwidth = bcwidth;
  fo->pcwidth = pcwidth;

  fo->dcnt = 0;
  if (co->do_dynamic && dynsz > 0)
    foreach_state(co, fo, dynbase, dynsz, prepare_format_dyn, NULL);
}

static int
list_static_range(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    struct buf_pr *bp, ipfw_obj_tlv *rtlv, int rcnt)
{
  int n, seen;
  struct ip_fw_rule *r;
  struct ip_fw_bcounter *cntr;
  int c = 0;

  for (n = seen = 0; n < rcnt; n++,
      rtlv = (ipfw_obj_tlv *)((caddr_t)rtlv + rtlv->length)) {

    if (fo->show_counters != 0) {
      cntr = (struct ip_fw_bcounter *)(rtlv + 1);
      r = (struct ip_fw_rule *)((caddr_t)cntr + cntr->size);
    } else {
      cntr = NULL;
      r = (struct ip_fw_rule *)(rtlv + 1);
    }
    if (r->rulenum > fo->last)
      break;
    if (co->use_set && r->set != co->use_set - 1)
      continue;
    if (r->rulenum >= fo->first && r->rulenum <= fo->last) {
      show_static_rule(co, fo, bp, r, cntr);
      printf("%s", bp->buf);
      c += rtlv->length;
      bp_flush(bp);
      seen++;
    }
  }

  return (seen);
}

static void
list_dyn_state(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    void *_arg, void *_state)
{
  uint16_t rulenum;
  uint8_t set;
  ipfw_dyn_rule *d;
  struct buf_pr *bp;

  d = (ipfw_dyn_rule *)_state;
  bp = (struct buf_pr *)_arg;

  bcopy(&d->rule, &rulenum, sizeof(rulenum));
  if (rulenum > fo->last)
    return;
  if (co->use_set) {
    bcopy((char *)&d->rule + sizeof(uint16_t),
          &set, sizeof(uint8_t));
    if (set != co->use_set - 1)
      return;
  }
  if (rulenum >= fo->first) {
    show_dyn_state(co, fo, bp, d);
    printf("%s\n", bp->buf);
    bp_flush(bp);
  }
}

static int
list_dyn_range(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    struct buf_pr *bp, caddr_t base, size_t sz)
{

  sz = foreach_state(co, fo, base, sz, list_dyn_state, bp);
  return (sz);
}

void
ipfw_list(int ac, char *av[], int show_counters)
{
  /* Clang scan-build SA: Uninitialized argument value: false-positive report for the variable
   * sz being uninitialized if ipfw_get_config() doesn't fill in sz and returns an error.
   * ipfw_get_config() only returns success if sz is filled in. The SA is incorrectly creating
   * a path where ipfw_get_config() doesn't fill in sz on an error but the SA is using
   * error=0 (success) below to pass an unitialized sz to ipfw_show_config().
   * Initialize sz=0 to make the SA happy. */
  ipfw_cfg_lheader *cfg;
  struct format_opts sfo;
  size_t sz = 0;
  int error;
  int lac;
  char **lav;
  uint32_t rnum;
  char *endptr;

  if (co.test_only) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Testing only, list disabled\n");
    return;
  }
  if (co.do_pipe) {
    dummynet_list(ac, av, show_counters);
    return;
  }

  ac--;
  av++;
  memset(&sfo, 0, sizeof(sfo));

  /* Determine rule range to request */
  if (ac > 0) {
    for (lac = ac, lav = av; lac != 0; lac--) {
      rnum = strtoul(*lav++, &endptr, 10);
      if (sfo.first == 0 || rnum < sfo.first)
        sfo.first = rnum;

      if (*endptr == '-')
        rnum = strtoul(endptr + 1, &endptr, 10);
      if (sfo.last == 0 || rnum > sfo.last)
        sfo.last = rnum;
    }
  }

  /* get configuraion from kernel */
  cfg = NULL;
  sfo.show_counters = show_counters;
  sfo.flags = IPFW_CFG_GET_STATIC;
  if (co.do_dynamic != 0)
    sfo.flags |= IPFW_CFG_GET_STATES;
  if (sfo.show_counters != 0)
    sfo.flags |= IPFW_CFG_GET_COUNTERS;
  if (ipfw_get_config(&co, &sfo, &cfg, &sz) != 0)
    err(EX_OSERR, "retrieving config failed");

  error = ipfw_show_config(&co, &sfo, cfg, sz, ac, av);

  free(cfg);

  if (error != EX_OK)
    exit(error);
}

static int
ipfw_show_config(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    ipfw_cfg_lheader *cfg, size_t sz, int ac, char *av[])
{
  caddr_t dynbase;
  size_t dynsz;
  int rcnt;
  int exitval = EX_OK;
  int lac;
  char **lav;
  char *endptr;
  size_t readsz;
  struct buf_pr bp;
  ipfw_obj_ctlv *ctlv, *tstate;
  ipfw_obj_tlv *rbase;

  /* Clang scan-build SA: NULL pointer dereference */
  if (!cfg) {
    ogs_error("!cfg");
    return(EX_DATAERR);
  }

  /*
   * Handle tablenames TLV first, if any
   */
  tstate = NULL;
  rbase = NULL;
  dynbase = NULL;
  dynsz = 0;
  readsz = sizeof(*cfg);
  rcnt = 0;

  fo->set_mask = cfg->set_mask;

  ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)(cfg + 1);

  if (cfg->flags & IPFW_CFG_GET_STATIC) {
    /* We've requested static rules */
    if (ctlv->head.type == IPFW_TLV_TBLNAME_LIST) {
      fo->tstate = ctlv;
      readsz += ctlv->head.length;
      ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)((caddr_t)ctlv +
          ctlv->head.length);
    }

    if (ctlv->head.type == IPFW_TLV_RULE_LIST) {
      rbase = (ipfw_obj_tlv *)(ctlv + 1);
      rcnt = ctlv->count;
      readsz += ctlv->head.length;
      ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)((caddr_t)ctlv +
          ctlv->head.length);
    }
  }

  if ((cfg->flags & IPFW_CFG_GET_STATES) && (readsz != sz))  {
    /* We may have some dynamic states */
    dynsz = sz - readsz;
    /* Skip empty header */
    if (dynsz != sizeof(ipfw_obj_ctlv))
      dynbase = (caddr_t)ctlv;
    else
      dynsz = 0;
  }

  prepare_format_opts(co, fo, rbase, rcnt, dynbase, dynsz);
  bp_alloc(&bp, 4096);

  /* if no rule numbers were specified, list all rules */
  if (ac == 0) {
    fo->first = 0;
    fo->last = IPFW_DEFAULT_RULE;
    list_static_range(co, fo, &bp, rbase, rcnt);

    if (co->do_dynamic && dynsz > 0) {
      printf("## Dynamic rules (%d %zu):\n", fo->dcnt, dynsz);
      list_dyn_range(co, fo, &bp, dynbase, dynsz);
    }

    bp_free(&bp);
    return (EX_OK);
  }

  /* display specific rules requested on command line */
  for (lac = ac, lav = av; lac != 0; lac--) {
    /* convert command line rule # */
    fo->last = fo->first = strtoul(*lav++, &endptr, 10);
    if (*endptr == '-')
      fo->last = strtoul(endptr + 1, &endptr, 10);
    if (*endptr) {
      exitval = EX_USAGE;
      warnx("invalid rule number: %s", *(lav - 1));
      continue;
    }

    if (list_static_range(co, fo, &bp, rbase, rcnt) == 0) {
      /* give precedence to other error(s) */
      if (exitval == EX_OK)
        exitval = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
      if (fo->first == fo->last)
        warnx("rule %u does not exist", fo->first);
      else
        warnx("no rules in range %u-%u",
            fo->first, fo->last);
    }
  }

  if (co->do_dynamic && dynsz > 0) {
    printf("## Dynamic rules:\n");
    for (lac = ac, lav = av; lac != 0; lac--) {
      fo->last = fo->first = strtoul(*lav++, &endptr, 10);
      if (*endptr == '-')
        fo->last = strtoul(endptr+1, &endptr, 10);
      if (*endptr)
        /* already warned */
        continue;
      list_dyn_range(co, fo, &bp, dynbase, dynsz);
    }
  }

  bp_free(&bp);
  return (exitval);
}


/*
 * Retrieves current ipfw configuration of given type
 * and stores its pointer to @pcfg.
 *
 * Caller is responsible for freeing @pcfg.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success.
 */

static int
ipfw_get_config(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    ipfw_cfg_lheader **pcfg, size_t *psize)
{
  ipfw_cfg_lheader *cfg;
  size_t sz;
  int i;


  if (co->test_only != 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Testing only, list disabled\n");
    return (0);
  }

  /* Start with some data size */
  sz = 4096;
  cfg = NULL;

  for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
    if (cfg != NULL)
      free(cfg);
    if ((cfg = calloc(1, sz)) == NULL)
      return (ENOMEM);

    cfg->flags = fo->flags;
    cfg->start_rule = fo->first;
    cfg->end_rule = fo->last;

    if (do_get3(IP_FW_XGET, &cfg->opheader, &sz) != 0) {
      if (errno != ENOMEM) {
        free(cfg);
        return (errno);
      }

      /* Buffer size is not enough. Try to increase */
      sz = sz * 2;
      if (sz < cfg->size)
        sz = cfg->size;
      continue;
    }

    *pcfg = cfg;
    *psize = sz;
    return (0);
  }

  free(cfg);
  return (ENOMEM);
}

static int
lookup_host (char *host, struct in_addr *ipaddr)
{
  struct hostent *he;

  if (!inet_aton(host, ipaddr)) {
    if ((he = gethostbyname(host)) == NULL)
      return(-1);
    *ipaddr = *(struct in_addr *)he->h_addr_list[0];
  }
  return(0);
}

struct tidx {
  ipfw_obj_ntlv *idx;
  uint32_t count;
  uint32_t size;
  uint16_t counter;
  uint8_t set;
};

static uint16_t
pack_table(struct tidx *tstate, char *name)
{
  int i;
  ipfw_obj_ntlv *ntlv;

  if (table_check_name(name) != 0)
    return (0);

  for (i = 0; i < tstate->count; i++) {
    if (strcmp(tstate->idx[i].name, name) != 0)
      continue;
    if (tstate->idx[i].set != tstate->set)
      continue;

    return (tstate->idx[i].idx);
  }

  if (tstate->count + 1 > tstate->size) {
    tstate->size += 4;
    tstate->idx = realloc(tstate->idx, tstate->size *
        sizeof(ipfw_obj_ntlv));
    if (tstate->idx == NULL)
      return (0);
  }

  ntlv = &tstate->idx[i];
  memset(ntlv, 0, sizeof(ipfw_obj_ntlv));
  strlcpy(ntlv->name, name, sizeof(ntlv->name));
  ntlv->head.type = IPFW_TLV_TBL_NAME;
  ntlv->head.length = sizeof(ipfw_obj_ntlv);
  ntlv->set = tstate->set;
  ntlv->idx = ++tstate->counter;
  tstate->count++;

  return (ntlv->idx);
}

static void
fill_table(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, uint8_t opcode, struct tidx *tstate)
{
  uint32_t *d = ((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd)->d;
  uint16_t uidx;
  char *p;

  if ((p = strchr(av + 6, ')')) == NULL)
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "forgotten parenthesis: '%s'", av);
  *p = '\0';
  p = strchr(av + 6, ',');
  if (p)
    *p++ = '\0';

  if ((uidx = pack_table(tstate, av + 6)) == 0)
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid table name: %s", av + 6);

  cmd->opcode = opcode;
  cmd->arg1 = uidx;
  if (p) {
    cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
    d[0] = strtoul(p, NULL, 0);
  } else
    cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn);
}


/*
 * fills the addr and mask fields in the instruction as appropriate from av.
 * Update length as appropriate.
 * The following formats are allowed:
 *  me  returns O_IP_*_ME
 *  1.2.3.4   single IP address
 *  1.2.3.4:5.6.7.8 address:mask
 *  1.2.3.4/24  address/mask
 *  1.2.3.4/26{1,6,5,4,23}  set of addresses in a subnet
 * We can have multiple comma-separated address/mask entries.
 */
static void
fill_ip(ipfw_insn_ip *cmd, char *av, int cblen, struct tidx *tstate)
{
  int len = 0;
  uint32_t *d = ((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd)->d;

  cmd->o.len &= ~F_LEN_MASK; /* zero len */

  if (_substrcmp(av, "any") == 0)
    return;

  if (_substrcmp(av, "me") == 0) {
    cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn);
    return;
  }

  if (strncmp(av, "table(", 6) == 0) {
    fill_table(&cmd->o, av, O_IP_DST_LOOKUP, tstate);
    return;
  }

    while (av) {
  /*
   * After the address we can have '/' or ':' indicating a mask,
   * ',' indicating another address follows, '{' indicating a
   * set of addresses of unspecified size.
   */
  char *t = NULL, *p = strpbrk(av, "/:,{");
  int masklen;
  char md, nd = '\0';

  CHECK_LENGTH(cblen, F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn) + 2 + len);

  if (p) {
    md = *p;
    *p++ = '\0';
    if ((t = strpbrk(p, ",{")) != NULL) {
      nd = *t;
      *t = '\0';
    }
  } else
    md = '\0';

  if (lookup_host(av, (struct in_addr *)&d[0]) != 0)
    errx(EX_NOHOST, "hostname ``%s'' unknown", av);
  switch (md) {
  case ':':
    if (!inet_aton(p, (struct in_addr *)&d[1]))
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad netmask ``%s''", p);
    break;
  case '/':
    masklen = atoi(p);
    if (masklen == 0)
      d[1] = htonl(0); /* mask */
    else if (masklen > 32)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad width ``%s''", p);
    else
      d[1] = htonl((uint32_t)(~0) << (32 - masklen));
    break;
  case '{': /* no mask, assume /24 and put back the '{' */
    /* Clang scan-build SA: Result of operation is garbage: The SA is whining that the result of the << is
     * undefined because the left operand (~0) is negative. Fix by casting to unsigned. Why is this
     * the only place the SA reports this issue? Same code a few lines above... */
    d[1] = htonl((uint32_t)(~0) << (32 - 24));
    *(--p) = md;
    break;

  case ',': /* single address plus continuation */
    *(--p) = md;
    /* FALLTHROUGH */
  case 0:   /* initialization value */
  default:
    d[1] = htonl(~0);  /* force /32 */
    break;
  }
  d[0] &= d[1];   /* mask base address with mask */
  if (t)
    *t = nd;
  /* find next separator */
  if (p)
    p = strpbrk(p, ",{");
  if (p && *p == '{') {
    /*
     * We have a set of addresses. They are stored as follows:
     *   arg1 is the set size (powers of 2, 2..256)
     *   addr is the base address IN HOST FORMAT
     *   mask.. is an array of arg1 bits (rounded up to
     *    the next multiple of 32) with bits set
     *    for each host in the map.
     */
    uint32_t *map = (uint32_t *)&cmd->mask;
    int low, high;
    int i = contigmask((uint8_t *)&(d[1]), 32);

    if (len > 0)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "address set cannot be in a list");
    if (i < 24 || i > 31)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid set with mask %d\n", i);
    cmd->o.arg1 = 1<<(32-i);  /* map length   */
    d[0] = ntohl(d[0]);    /* base addr in host format */
    cmd->o.opcode = O_IP_DST_SET; /* default */
    cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32) + (cmd->o.arg1+31)/32;
    for (i = 0; i < (cmd->o.arg1+31)/32 ; i++)
      map[i] = 0; /* clear map */

    av = p + 1;
    low = d[0] & 0xff;
    high = low + cmd->o.arg1 - 1;
    /*
     * Here, i stores the previous value when we specify a range
     * of addresses within a mask, e.g. 45-63. i = -1 means we
     * have no previous value.
     */
    i = -1; /* previous value in a range */
    while (isdigit(*av)) {
      char *s;
      int a = strtol(av, &s, 0);

      if (s == av) { /* no parameter */
          if (*av != '}')
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "set not closed\n");
          if (i != -1)
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "incomplete range %d-", i);
          break;
      }
      if (a < low || a > high)
          errx(EX_DATAERR, "addr %d out of range [%d-%d]\n",
        a, low, high);
      a -= low;
      if (i == -1) /* no previous in range */
          i = a;
      else {   /* check that range is valid */
          if (i > a)
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid range %d-%d",
          i+low, a+low);
          if (*s == '-')
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "double '-' in range");
      }
      for (; i <= a; i++)
          map[i/32] |= 1<<(i & 31);
      i = -1;
      if (*s == '-')
          i = a;
      else if (*s == '}')
          break;
      av = s+1;
    }
    return;
  }
  av = p;
  if (av)      /* then *av must be a ',' */
    av++;

  /* Check this entry */
  if (d[1] == 0) { /* "any", specified as x.x.x.x/0 */
    /*
     * 'any' turns the entire list into a NOP.
     * 'not any' never matches, so it is removed from the
     * list unless it is the only item, in which case we
     * report an error.
     */
    if (cmd->o.len & F_NOT) { /* "not any" never matches */
      if (av == NULL && len == 0) /* only this entry */
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "not any never matches");
    }
    /* else do nothing and skip this entry */
    return;
  }
  /* A single IP can be stored in an optimized format */
  if (d[1] == (uint32_t)~0 && av == NULL && len == 0) {
    cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
    return;
  }
  len += 2; /* two words... */
  d += 2;
    } /* end while */
    if (len + 1 > F_LEN_MASK)
  errx(EX_DATAERR, "address list too long");
    cmd->o.len |= len+1;
}


/* n2mask sets n bits of the mask */
void
n2mask(struct in6_addr *mask, int n)
{
  static int  minimask[9] =
      { 0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfc, 0xfe, 0xff };
  u_char    *p;

  memset(mask, 0, sizeof(struct in6_addr));
  p = (u_char *) mask;
  for (; n > 0; p++, n -= 8) {
    if (n >= 8)
      *p = 0xff;
    else
      *p = minimask[n];
  }
  return;
}

static void
fill_flags_cmd(ipfw_insn *cmd, enum ipfw_opcodes opcode,
  struct _s_x *flags, char *p)
{
  char *e;
  uint32_t set = 0, clear = 0;

  if (fill_flags(flags, p, &e, &set, &clear) != 0)
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid flag %s", e);

  cmd->opcode = opcode;
  cmd->len =  (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | 1;
  cmd->arg1 = (set & 0xff) | ( (clear & 0xff) << 8);
}


void
ipfw_delete(char *av[])
{
  int i;
  int exitval = EX_OK;
  int do_set = 0;
  ipfw_range_tlv rt;

  av++;
  NEED1("missing rule specification");
  memset(&rt, 0, sizeof(rt));
  if ( *av && _substrcmp(*av, "set") == 0) {
    /* Do not allow using the following syntax:
     *  ipfw set N delete set M
     */
    if (co.use_set)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid syntax");
    do_set = 1; /* delete set */
    av++;
  }

  /* Rule number */
  while (*av && isdigit(**av)) {
    i = atoi(*av); av++;
    if (co.do_nat) {
      exitval = do_cmd(IP_FW_NAT_DEL, &i, sizeof i);
      if (exitval) {
        exitval = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
        warn("rule %u not available", i);
      }
    } else if (co.do_pipe) {
      exitval = ipfw_delete_pipe(co.do_pipe, i);
    } else {
      if (do_set != 0) {
        rt.set = i & 31;
        rt.flags = IPFW_RCFLAG_SET;
      } else {
        rt.start_rule = i & 0xffff;
        rt.end_rule = i & 0xffff;
        if (rt.start_rule == 0 && rt.end_rule == 0)
          rt.flags |= IPFW_RCFLAG_ALL;
        else
          rt.flags |= IPFW_RCFLAG_RANGE;
        if (co.use_set != 0) {
          rt.set = co.use_set - 1;
          rt.flags |= IPFW_RCFLAG_SET;
        }
      }
      i = do_range_cmd(IP_FW_XDEL, &rt);
      if (i != 0) {
        exitval = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
        warn("rule %u: setsockopt(IP_FW_XDEL)",
            rt.start_rule);
      } else if (rt.new_set == 0) {
        exitval = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
        if (rt.start_rule != rt.end_rule)
          warnx("no rules rules in %u-%u range",
              rt.start_rule, rt.end_rule);
        else
          warnx("rule %u not found",
              rt.start_rule);
      }
    }
  }
  if (exitval != EX_OK)
    exit(exitval);
}


/*
 * fill the interface structure. We do not check the name as we can
 * create interfaces dynamically, so checking them at insert time
 * makes relatively little sense.
 * Interface names containing '*', '?', or '[' are assumed to be shell
 * patterns which match interfaces.
 */
static void
fill_iface(ipfw_insn_if *cmd, char *arg, int cblen, struct tidx *tstate)
{
  char *p;
  uint16_t uidx;

  cmd->name[0] = '\0';
  cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_if);

  CHECK_CMDLEN;

  /* Parse the interface or address */
  if (strcmp(arg, "any") == 0)
    cmd->o.len = 0;   /* effectively ignore this command */
  else if (strncmp(arg, "table(", 6) == 0) {
    if ((p = strchr(arg + 6, ')')) == NULL)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "forgotten parenthesis: '%s'", arg);
    *p = '\0';
    p = strchr(arg + 6, ',');
    if (p)
      *p++ = '\0';
    if ((uidx = pack_table(tstate, arg + 6)) == 0)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid table name: %s", arg + 6);

    cmd->name[0] = '\1'; /* Special value indicating table */
    cmd->p.kidx = uidx;
  } else if (!isdigit(*arg)) {
    strlcpy(cmd->name, arg, sizeof(cmd->name));
    cmd->p.glob = strpbrk(arg, "*?[") != NULL ? 1 : 0;
  } else if (!inet_aton(arg, &cmd->p.ip))
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad ip address ``%s''", arg);
}

static void
get_mac_addr_mask(const char *p, uint8_t *addr, uint8_t *mask)
{
  int i;
  size_t l;
  char *ap, *ptr, *optr;
  struct ether_addr *mac;
  const char *macset = "0123456789abcdefABCDEF:";

  if (strcmp(p, "any") == 0) {
    for (i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; i++)
      addr[i] = mask[i] = 0;
    return;
  }

  optr = ptr = strdup(p);
  if ((ap = strsep(&ptr, "&/")) != NULL && *ap != 0) {
    l = strlen(ap);
    if (strspn(ap, macset) != l || (mac = ether_aton(ap)) == NULL) {
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect MAC address");
      free(optr);
      return;
    }
    bcopy(mac, addr, ETHER_ADDR_LEN);
  } else {
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect MAC address");
    free(optr);
    return;
  }

  if (ptr != NULL) { /* we have mask? */
    if (p[ptr - optr - 1] == '/') { /* mask len */
      long ml = strtol(ptr, &ap, 10);
      if (*ap != 0 || ml > ETHER_ADDR_LEN * 8 || ml < 0) {
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect mask length");
        free(optr);
        return;
      }
      for (i = 0; ml > 0 && i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; ml -= 8, i++)
        mask[i] = (ml >= 8) ? 0xff: (~0) << (8 - ml);
    } else { /* mask */
      l = strlen(ptr);
      if (strspn(ptr, macset) != l ||
          (mac = ether_aton(ptr)) == NULL) {
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect mask");
        free(optr);
        return;
      }
      bcopy(mac, mask, ETHER_ADDR_LEN);
    }
  } else { /* default mask: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff */
    for (i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; i++)
      mask[i] = 0xff;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; i++)
    addr[i] &= mask[i];

  free(optr);
}

/*
 * helper function, updates the pointer to cmd with the length
 * of the current command, and also cleans up the first word of
 * the new command in case it has been clobbered before.
 */
static ipfw_insn *
next_cmd(ipfw_insn *cmd, int *len)
{
  *len -= F_LEN(cmd);
  CHECK_LENGTH(*len, 0);
  cmd += F_LEN(cmd);
  bzero(cmd, sizeof(*cmd));
  return cmd;
}

/*
 * Takes arguments and copies them into a comment
 */
static void
fill_comment(ipfw_insn *cmd, char **av, int cblen)
{
  int i, l;
  char *p = (char *)(cmd + 1);

  cmd->opcode = O_NOP;
  cmd->len =  (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR));

  /* Compute length of comment string. */
  for (i = 0, l = 0; av[i] != NULL; i++)
    l += strlen(av[i]) + 1;
  if (l == 0)
    return;
  if (l > 84)
    errx(EX_DATAERR,
        "comment too long (max 80 chars)");
  l = 1 + (l+3)/4;
  cmd->len =  (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | l;
  CHECK_CMDLEN;

  for (i = 0; av[i] != NULL; i++) {
    strcpy(p, av[i]);
    p += strlen(av[i]);
    *p++ = ' ';
  }
  *(--p) = '\0';
}

/*
 * A function to fill simple commands of size 1.
 * Existing flags are preserved.
 */
static void
fill_cmd(ipfw_insn *cmd, enum ipfw_opcodes opcode, int flags, uint16_t arg)
{
  cmd->opcode = opcode;
  cmd->len =  ((cmd->len | flags) & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | 1;
  cmd->arg1 = arg;
}

/*
 * Fetch and add the MAC address and type, with masks. This generates one or
 * two microinstructions, and returns the pointer to the last one.
 */
static ipfw_insn *
add_mac(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av[], int cblen)
{
  ipfw_insn_mac *mac;

  if ( ( av[0] == NULL ) || ( av[1] == NULL ) )
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "MAC dst src");

  cmd->opcode = O_MACADDR2;
  cmd->len = (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_mac);
  CHECK_CMDLEN;

  mac = (ipfw_insn_mac *)cmd;
  get_mac_addr_mask(av[0], mac->addr, mac->mask); /* dst */
  get_mac_addr_mask(av[1], &(mac->addr[ETHER_ADDR_LEN]),
      &(mac->mask[ETHER_ADDR_LEN])); /* src */
  return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_mactype(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen)
{
  if (!av)
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "missing MAC type");
  if (strcmp(av, "any") != 0) { /* we have a non-null type */
    fill_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, av, IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE,
        cblen);
    cmd->opcode = O_MAC_TYPE;
    return cmd;
  } else
    return NULL;
}

/* Not static: ogs_ipfw_compile_rule() resolves the protocol name here so
 * that the same table is used on both sides. */
int
ipfw_proto_by_name(const char *name)
{
  struct protoent *pe;

  ogs_assert(name);

  pe = getprotobyname(name);
  if (pe)
    return pe->p_proto;

    /*
     * /etc/protocols lookup failed. Warn so the operator knows the
     * environment is degraded, then try the built-in fallback.
     * Protocol names follow lowercase 3GPP IPFilterRule convention
     * (TS 29.212 / TS 29.514).
     */
    ogs_error("getprotobyname('%s') failed; falling back to built-in table. "
            "Check /etc/protocols (install netbase or iana-etc)", name);

  /*
   * SDF filters commonly use protocol names such as udp/tcp.
   * Do not make rule compilation depend entirely on /etc/protocols
   * or NSS, and never abort SMF on a lookup failure.
   */
  if (strcmp(name, "tcp") == 0)
    return IPPROTO_TCP;
  if (strcmp(name, "udp") == 0)
    return IPPROTO_UDP;
  if (strcmp(name, "icmp") == 0)
    return IPPROTO_ICMP;
#ifdef IPPROTO_ICMPV6
  if (strcmp(name, "icmp6") == 0 ||
      strcmp(name, "ipv6-icmp") == 0)
    return IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
#endif
#ifdef IPPROTO_SCTP
  if (strcmp(name, "sctp") == 0)
    return IPPROTO_SCTP;
#endif

  return -1;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_proto0(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char *protop)
{
  char *ep;
  int proto;

  proto = strtol(av, &ep, 10);
  if (*ep != '\0' || proto <= 0) {
    proto = ipfw_proto_by_name(av);
    if (proto < 0) {
      ogs_ipfw_parse_error = 1;
      ogs_error("Unknown protocol '%s' in flow description "
          "(getprotobyname() failed; "
          "check /etc/protocols)", av);
      return NULL;
    }
  }

  fill_cmd(cmd, O_PROTO, 0, proto);
  *protop = proto;
  return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_proto(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char *protop)
{
  u_char proto = IPPROTO_IP;

  if (_substrcmp(av, "all") == 0 || strcmp(av, "ip") == 0)
    ; /* do not set O_IP4 nor O_IP6 */
  else if (strcmp(av, "ip4") == 0)
    /* explicit "just IPv4" rule */
    fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP4, 0, 0);
  else if (strcmp(av, "ip6") == 0) {
    /* explicit "just IPv6" rule */
    proto = IPPROTO_IPV6;
    fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP6, 0, 0);
  } else
    return add_proto0(cmd, av, protop);

  *protop = proto;
  return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_proto_compat(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char *protop)
{
  u_char proto = IPPROTO_IP;

  if (_substrcmp(av, "all") == 0 || strcmp(av, "ip") == 0)
    ; /* do not set O_IP4 nor O_IP6 */
  else if (strcmp(av, "ipv4") == 0 || strcmp(av, "ip4") == 0)
    /* explicit "just IPv4" rule */
    fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP4, 0, 0);
  else if (strcmp(av, "ipv6") == 0 || strcmp(av, "ip6") == 0) {
    /* explicit "just IPv6" rule */
    proto = IPPROTO_IPV6;
    fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP6, 0, 0);
  } else
    return add_proto0(cmd, av, protop);

  *protop = proto;
  return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_srcip(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen, struct tidx *tstate)
{
  fill_ip((ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd, av, cblen, tstate);
  if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_SET)      /* set */
    cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_SET;
  else if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_LOOKUP)    /* table */
    cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_LOOKUP;
  else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn))    /* me */
    cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_ME;
  else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32))  /* one IP */
    cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC;
  else              /* addr/mask */
    cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_MASK;
  return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_dstip(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen, struct tidx *tstate)
{
  fill_ip((ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd, av, cblen, tstate);
  if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_SET)      /* set */
    ;
  else if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_LOOKUP)    /* table */
    ;
  else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn))    /* me */
    cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST_ME;
  else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32))  /* one IP */
    cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST;
  else              /* addr/mask */
    cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST_MASK;
  return cmd;
}

static struct _s_x f_reserved_keywords[] = {
  { "altq", TOK_OR },
  { "//",   TOK_OR },
  { "diverted", TOK_OR },
  { "dst-port", TOK_OR },
  { "src-port", TOK_OR },
  { "established",  TOK_OR },
  { "keep-state", TOK_OR },
  { "frag", TOK_OR },
  { "icmptypes",  TOK_OR },
  { "in",   TOK_OR },
  { "out",  TOK_OR },
  { "ip6",  TOK_OR },
  { "any",  TOK_OR },
  { "to",   TOK_OR },
  { "via",  TOK_OR },
  { "{",    TOK_OR },
  { NULL, 0 } /* terminator */
};

static ipfw_insn *
add_ports(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char proto, int opcode, int cblen)
{

  if (match_token(f_reserved_keywords, av) != -1)
    return (NULL);

  if (fill_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, av, proto, cblen)) {
    /* XXX todo: check that we have a protocol with ports */
    cmd->opcode = opcode;
    return cmd;
  }
  return NULL;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_src(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char proto, int cblen, struct tidx *tstate)
{
  struct in6_addr a;
  char *host, *ch, buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
  ipfw_insn *ret = NULL;
  int len;

  /* Copy first address in set if needed */
  if ((ch = strpbrk(av, "/,")) != NULL) {
    len = ch - av;
    strlcpy(buf, av, sizeof(buf));
    if (len < sizeof(buf))
      buf[len] = '\0';
    host = buf;
  } else
    host = av;

  if (proto == IPPROTO_IPV6  || strcmp(av, "me6") == 0 ||
      inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &a) == 1)
    ret = add_srcip6(cmd, av, cblen);
  /* XXX: should check for IPv4, not !IPv6 */
  if (ret == NULL && (proto == IPPROTO_IP || strcmp(av, "me") == 0 ||
      inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &a) != 1))
    ret = add_srcip(cmd, av, cblen, tstate);
  if (ret == NULL && strcmp(av, "any") != 0)
    ret = cmd;

  return ret;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_dst(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char proto, int cblen, struct tidx *tstate)
{
  struct in6_addr a;
  char *host, *ch, buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
  ipfw_insn *ret = NULL;
  int len;

  /* Copy first address in set if needed */
  if ((ch = strpbrk(av, "/,")) != NULL) {
    len = ch - av;
    strlcpy(buf, av, sizeof(buf));
    if (len < sizeof(buf))
      buf[len] = '\0';
    host = buf;
  } else
    host = av;

  if (proto == IPPROTO_IPV6  || strcmp(av, "me6") == 0 ||
      inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &a) == 1)
    ret = add_dstip6(cmd, av, cblen);
  /* XXX: should check for IPv4, not !IPv6 */
  if (ret == NULL && (proto == IPPROTO_IP || strcmp(av, "me") == 0 ||
      inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &a) != 1))
    ret = add_dstip(cmd, av, cblen, tstate);
  if (ret == NULL && strcmp(av, "any") != 0)
    ret = cmd;

  return ret;
}

/*
 * Parse arguments and assemble the microinstructions which make up a rule.
 * Rules are added into the 'rulebuf' and then copied in the correct order
 * into the actual rule.
 *
 * The syntax for a rule starts with the action, followed by
 * optional action parameters, and the various match patterns.
 * In the assembled microcode, the first opcode must be an O_PROBE_STATE
 * (generated if the rule includes a keep-state option), then the
 * various match patterns, log/altq actions, and the actual action.
 *
 */
void
compile_rule(char *av[], uint32_t *rbuf, int *rbufsize, struct tidx *tstate)
{
  /*
   * rules are added into the 'rulebuf' and then copied in
   * the correct order into the actual rule.
   * Some things that need to go out of order (prob, action etc.)
   * go into actbuf[].
   */
  static uint32_t actbuf[255], cmdbuf[255];
  int rblen, ablen, cblen;

  ipfw_insn *src, *dst, *cmd, *action, *prev=NULL;
  ipfw_insn *first_cmd; /* first match pattern */

  struct ip_fw_rule *rule;

  /*
   * various flags used to record that we entered some fields.
   */
  ipfw_insn *have_state = NULL; /* check-state or keep-state */
  ipfw_insn *have_log = NULL, *have_altq = NULL, *have_tag = NULL;
  size_t len;

  int i;

  int open_par = 0; /* open parenthesis ( */

  /* proto is here because it is used to fetch ports */
  u_char proto = IPPROTO_IP; /* default protocol */

  double match_prob = 1; /* match probability, default is always match */

  bzero(actbuf, sizeof(actbuf));    /* actions go here */
  bzero(cmdbuf, sizeof(cmdbuf));
  bzero(rbuf, *rbufsize);

  rule = (struct ip_fw_rule *)rbuf;
  cmd = (ipfw_insn *)cmdbuf;
  action = (ipfw_insn *)actbuf;

  rblen = *rbufsize / sizeof(uint32_t);
  rblen -= sizeof(struct ip_fw_rule) / sizeof(uint32_t);
  ablen = sizeof(actbuf) / sizeof(actbuf[0]);
  cblen = sizeof(cmdbuf) / sizeof(cmdbuf[0]);
  cblen -= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32) + 1;

#define CHECK_RBUFLEN(len)  { CHECK_LENGTH(rblen, len); rblen -= len; }
#define CHECK_ACTLEN    CHECK_LENGTH(ablen, action->len)

  av++;

  /* [rule N] -- Rule number optional */
  if (av[0] && isdigit(**av)) {
    rule->rulenum = atoi(*av);
    av++;
  }

  /* [set N]  -- set number (0..RESVD_SET), optional */
  if (av[0] && av[1] && _substrcmp(*av, "set") == 0) {
    int set = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10);
    if (set < 0 || set > RESVD_SET)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal set %s", av[1]);
    rule->set = set;
    tstate->set = set;
    av += 2;
  }

  /* [prob D] -- match probability, optional */
  if (av[0] && av[1] && _substrcmp(*av, "prob") == 0) {
    match_prob = strtod(av[1], NULL);

    if (match_prob <= 0 || match_prob > 1)
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal match prob. %s", av[1]);
    av += 2;
  }

  /* action -- mandatory */
  NEED1("missing action");
  i = match_token(rule_actions, *av);
  av++;
  action->len = 1;  /* default */
  CHECK_ACTLEN;
  switch(i) {
  case TOK_CHECKSTATE:
    have_state = action;
    action->opcode = O_CHECK_STATE;
    break;

  case TOK_ACCEPT:
    action->opcode = O_ACCEPT;
    break;

  case TOK_DENY:
    action->opcode = O_DENY;
    action->arg1 = 0;
    break;

  case TOK_REJECT:
    action->opcode = O_REJECT;
    action->arg1 = ICMP_UNREACH_HOST;
    break;

  case TOK_RESET:
    action->opcode = O_REJECT;
    action->arg1 = ICMP_REJECT_RST;
    break;

  case TOK_RESET6:
    action->opcode = O_UNREACH6;
    action->arg1 = ICMP6_UNREACH_RST;
    break;

  case TOK_UNREACH:
    action->opcode = O_REJECT;
    NEED1("missing reject code");
    fill_reject_code(&action->arg1, *av);
    av++;
    break;

  case TOK_UNREACH6:
    action->opcode = O_UNREACH6;
    NEED1("missing unreach code");
    fill_unreach6_code(&action->arg1, *av);
    av++;
    break;

  case TOK_COUNT:
    action->opcode = O_COUNT;
    break;

  case TOK_NAT:
    action->opcode = O_NAT;
    action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_nat);
    CHECK_ACTLEN;
    if (_substrcmp(*av, "global") == 0) {
      action->arg1 = 0;
      av++;
      break;
    } else
      goto chkarg;

  case TOK_QUEUE:
    action->opcode = O_QUEUE;
    goto chkarg;
  case TOK_PIPE:
    action->opcode = O_PIPE;
    goto chkarg;
  case TOK_SKIPTO:
    action->opcode = O_SKIPTO;
    goto chkarg;
  case TOK_NETGRAPH:
    action->opcode = O_NETGRAPH;
    goto chkarg;
  case TOK_NGTEE:
    action->opcode = O_NGTEE;
    goto chkarg;
  case TOK_DIVERT:
    action->opcode = O_DIVERT;
    goto chkarg;
  case TOK_TEE:
    action->opcode = O_TEE;
    goto chkarg;
  case TOK_CALL:
    action->opcode = O_CALLRETURN;
chkarg:
    if (!av[0])
      errx(EX_USAGE, "missing argument for %s", *(av - 1));
    if (isdigit(**av)) {
      action->arg1 = strtoul(*av, NULL, 10);
      if (action->arg1 <= 0 || action->arg1 >= IP_FW_TABLEARG)
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal argument for %s",
            *(av - 1));
    } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {
      action->arg1 = IP_FW_TARG;
    } else if (i == TOK_DIVERT || i == TOK_TEE) {
      struct servent *s;
      setservent(1);
      s = getservbyname(av[0], "divert");
      if (s != NULL)
        action->arg1 = ntohs(s->s_port);
      else
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal divert/tee port");
    } else
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal argument for %s", *(av - 1));
    av++;
    break;

  case TOK_FORWARD: {
    /*
     * Locate the address-port separator (':' or ',').
     * Could be one of the following:
     *  hostname:port
     *  IPv4 a.b.c.d,port
     *  IPv4 a.b.c.d:port
     *  IPv6 w:x:y::z,port
     * The ':' can only be used with hostname and IPv4 address.
     * XXX-BZ Should we also support [w:x:y::z]:port?
     */
    struct sockaddr_storage result;
    struct addrinfo *res;
    char *s, *end;
    int family;
    u_short port_number;

    NEED1("missing forward address[:port]");

    /*
     * locate the address-port separator (':' or ',')
     */
    s = strchr(*av, ',');
    if (s == NULL) {
      /* Distinguish between IPv4:port and IPv6 cases. */
      s = strchr(*av, ':');
      if (s && strchr(s+1, ':'))
        s = NULL; /* no port */
    }

    port_number = 0;
    if (s != NULL) {
      /* Terminate host portion and set s to start of port. */
      *(s++) = '\0';
      i = strtoport(s, &end, 0 /* base */, 0 /* proto */);
      if (s == end)
        errx(EX_DATAERR,
            "illegal forwarding port ``%s''", s);
      port_number = (u_short)i;
    }

    if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {
      family = PF_INET;
      ((struct sockaddr_in*)&result)->sin_addr.s_addr =
          INADDR_ANY;
    } else {
      /*
       * Resolve the host name or address to a family and a
       * network representation of the address.
       */
      if (getaddrinfo(*av, NULL, NULL, &res))
        errx(EX_DATAERR, NULL);
      /* Just use the first host in the answer. */
      family = res->ai_family;
      memcpy(&result, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
      freeaddrinfo(res);
    }

    if (family == PF_INET) {
      ipfw_insn_sa *p = (ipfw_insn_sa *)action;

      action->opcode = O_FORWARD_IP;
      action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_sa);
      CHECK_ACTLEN;

      /*
       * In the kernel we assume AF_INET and use only
       * sin_port and sin_addr. Remember to set sin_len as
       * the routing code seems to use it too.
       */
      p->sa.sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
      p->sa.sin_family = AF_INET;
      p->sa.sin_port = port_number;
      p->sa.sin_addr.s_addr =
           ((struct sockaddr_in *)&result)->sin_addr.s_addr;
    } else if (family == PF_INET6) {
      ipfw_insn_sa6 *p = (ipfw_insn_sa6 *)action;

      action->opcode = O_FORWARD_IP6;
      action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_sa6);
      CHECK_ACTLEN;

      p->sa.sin6_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
      p->sa.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
      p->sa.sin6_port = port_number;
      p->sa.sin6_flowinfo = 0;
      p->sa.sin6_scope_id = 0;
      /* No table support for v6 yet. */
      bcopy(&((struct sockaddr_in6*)&result)->sin6_addr,
          &p->sa.sin6_addr, sizeof(p->sa.sin6_addr));
    } else {
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid address family in forward action");
    }
    av++;
    break;
      }
  case TOK_COMMENT:
    /* pretend it is a 'count' rule followed by the comment */
    action->opcode = O_COUNT;
    av--;   /* go back... */
    break;

  case TOK_SETFIB:
      {
    int numfibs;
    size_t intsize = sizeof(int);

    action->opcode = O_SETFIB;
    NEED1("missing fib number");
    if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {
      action->arg1 = IP_FW_TARG;
    } else {
            action->arg1 = strtoul(*av, NULL, 10);
      if (sysctlbyname("net.fibs", &numfibs, &intsize,
          NULL, 0) == -1)
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "fibs not suported.\n");
      if (action->arg1 >= numfibs)  /* Temporary */
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "fib too large.\n");
      /* Add high-order bit to fib to make room for tablearg*/
      action->arg1 |= 0x8000;
    }
    av++;
    break;
      }

  case TOK_SETDSCP:
      {
    int code;

    action->opcode = O_SETDSCP;
    NEED1("missing DSCP code");
    if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {
      action->arg1 = IP_FW_TARG;
    } else if (isalpha(*av[0])) {
      if ((code = match_token(f_ipdscp, *av)) == -1)
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Unknown DSCP code");
      action->arg1 = code;
    } else
            action->arg1 = strtoul(*av, NULL, 10);
    /* Add high-order bit to DSCP to make room for tablearg */
    if (action->arg1 != IP_FW_TARG)
      action->arg1 |= 0x8000;
    av++;
    break;
      }

  case TOK_REASS:
    action->opcode = O_REASS;
    break;

  case TOK_RETURN:
    fill_cmd(action, O_CALLRETURN, F_NOT, 0);
    break;

  default:
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid action %s\n", av[-1]);
  }
  action = next_cmd(action, &ablen);

  /*
   * [altq queuename] -- altq tag, optional
   * [log [logamount N]]  -- log, optional
   *
   * If they exist, it go first in the cmdbuf, but then it is
   * skipped in the copy section to the end of the buffer.
   */
  while (av[0] != NULL && (i = match_token(rule_action_params, *av)) != -1) {
    av++;
    switch (i) {
    case TOK_LOG:
        {
      ipfw_insn_log *c = (ipfw_insn_log *)cmd;
      int l;

      if (have_log)
        errx(EX_DATAERR,
            "log cannot be specified more than once");
      have_log = (ipfw_insn *)c;
      cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_log);
      CHECK_CMDLEN;
      cmd->opcode = O_LOG;
      if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "logamount") == 0) {
        av++;
        NEED1("logamount requires argument");
        l = atoi(*av);
        if (l < 0)
          errx(EX_DATAERR,
              "logamount must be positive");
        c->max_log = l;
        av++;
      } else {
        len = sizeof(c->max_log);
        if (sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit",
            &c->max_log, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
          if (co.test_only) {
            c->max_log = 0;
            break;
          }
          errx(1, "sysctlbyname(\"%s\")",
              "net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit");
        }
      }
        }
      break;

#ifndef NO_ALTQ
    case TOK_ALTQ:
        {
      ipfw_insn_altq *a = (ipfw_insn_altq *)cmd;

      NEED1("missing altq queue name");
      if (have_altq)
        errx(EX_DATAERR,
            "altq cannot be specified more than once");
      have_altq = (ipfw_insn *)a;
      cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_altq);
      CHECK_CMDLEN;
      cmd->opcode = O_ALTQ;
      a->qid = altq_name_to_qid(*av);
      av++;
        }
      break;
#endif

    case TOK_TAG:
    case TOK_UNTAG: {
      uint16_t tag;

      if (have_tag)
        errx(EX_USAGE, "tag and untag cannot be "
            "specified more than once");
      GET_UINT_ARG(tag, IPFW_ARG_MIN, IPFW_ARG_MAX, i,
         rule_action_params);
      have_tag = cmd;
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_TAG, (i == TOK_TAG) ? 0: F_NOT, tag);
      av++;
      break;
    }

    default:
      abort();
    }
    cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
  }

  if (have_state)  /* must be a check-state, we are done */
    goto done;

#define OR_START(target)          \
  if (av[0] && (*av[0] == '(' || *av[0] == '{')) {   \
    if (open_par)         \
      errx(EX_USAGE, "nested \"(\" not allowed\n"); \
    prev = NULL;          \
    open_par = 1;         \
    if ( (av[0])[1] == '\0') {     \
      av++;         \
    } else           \
      (*av)++;       \
  }              \
  target:              \


#define CLOSE_PAR           \
  if (open_par) {           \
    if (av[0] && (         \
        strcmp(*av, ")") == 0 ||     \
        strcmp(*av, "}") == 0)) {     \
      prev = NULL;        \
      open_par = 0;       \
      av++;         \
    } else           \
      errx(EX_USAGE, "missing \")\"\n");  \
  }

#define NOT_BLOCK           \
  if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "not") == 0) {   \
    if (cmd->len & F_NOT)       \
      errx(EX_USAGE, "double \"not\" not allowed\n"); \
    cmd->len |= F_NOT;       \
    av++;           \
  }

#define OR_BLOCK(target)          \
  if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "or") == 0) {   \
    if (prev == NULL || open_par == 0)   \
      errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid OR block"); \
    prev->len |= F_OR;       \
    av++;         \
    goto target;          \
  }              \
  CLOSE_PAR;

  first_cmd = cmd;

#if 0
  /*
   * MAC addresses, optional.
   * If we have this, we skip the part "proto from src to dst"
   * and jump straight to the option parsing.
   */
  NOT_BLOCK;
  NEED1("missing protocol");
  if (_substrcmp(*av, "MAC") == 0 ||
      _substrcmp(*av, "mac") == 0) {
    av++;     /* the "MAC" keyword */
    add_mac(cmd, av); /* exits in case of errors */
    cmd = next_cmd(cmd);
    av += 2;    /* dst-mac and src-mac */
    NOT_BLOCK;
    NEED1("missing mac type");
    if (add_mactype(cmd, av[0]))
      cmd = next_cmd(cmd);
    av++;     /* any or mac-type */
    goto read_options;
  }
#endif

  /*
   * protocol, mandatory
   */
    OR_START(get_proto);
  NOT_BLOCK;
  NEED1("missing protocol");
  if (add_proto_compat(cmd, *av, &proto)) {
    av++;
    if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) {
      prev = cmd;
      cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
    }
  } else if (first_cmd != cmd) {
    errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid protocol ``%s''", *av);
  } else
    goto read_options;
    OR_BLOCK(get_proto);

  /*
   * "from", mandatory
   */
  if ((av[0] == NULL) || _substrcmp(*av, "from") != 0)
    errx(EX_USAGE, "missing ``from''");
  av++;

  /*
   * source IP, mandatory
   */
    OR_START(source_ip);
  NOT_BLOCK; /* optional "not" */
  NEED1("missing source address");
  if (add_src(cmd, *av, proto, cblen, tstate)) {
    av++;
    if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) { /* ! any */
      prev = cmd;
      cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
    }
  } else
    errx(EX_USAGE, "bad source address %s", *av);
    OR_BLOCK(source_ip);

  /*
   * source ports, optional
   */
  NOT_BLOCK; /* optional "not" */
  if ( av[0] != NULL ) {
    if (_substrcmp(*av, "any") == 0 ||
        add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_SRCPORT, cblen)) {
      av++;
      if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0)
        cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
    }
  }

  /*
   * "to", mandatory
   */
  if ( (av[0] == NULL) || _substrcmp(*av, "to") != 0 )
    errx(EX_USAGE, "missing ``to''");
  av++;

  /*
   * destination, mandatory
   */
    OR_START(dest_ip);
  NOT_BLOCK; /* optional "not" */
  NEED1("missing dst address");
  if (add_dst(cmd, *av, proto, cblen, tstate)) {
    av++;
    if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) { /* ! any */
      prev = cmd;
      cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
    }
  } else
    errx( EX_USAGE, "bad destination address %s", *av);
    OR_BLOCK(dest_ip);

  /*
   * dest. ports, optional
   */
  NOT_BLOCK; /* optional "not" */
  if (av[0]) {
    if (_substrcmp(*av, "any") == 0 ||
        add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_DSTPORT, cblen)) {
      av++;
      if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0)
        cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
    }
  }

read_options:
  if (av[0] && first_cmd == cmd) {
    /*
     * nothing specified so far, store in the rule to ease
     * printout later.
     */
     rule->flags |= IPFW_RULE_NOOPT;
  }
  prev = NULL;
  while ( av[0] != NULL ) {
    char *s;
    ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd32; /* alias for cmd */

    s = *av;
    cmd32 = (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd;

    if (*s == '!') { /* alternate syntax for NOT */
      if (cmd->len & F_NOT)
        errx(EX_USAGE, "double \"not\" not allowed\n");
      cmd->len = F_NOT;
      s++;
    }
    i = match_token(rule_options, s);
    av++;
    switch(i) {
    case TOK_NOT:
      if (cmd->len & F_NOT)
        errx(EX_USAGE, "double \"not\" not allowed\n");
      cmd->len = F_NOT;
      break;

    case TOK_OR:
      if (open_par == 0 || prev == NULL)
        errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid \"or\" block\n");
      prev->len |= F_OR;
      break;

    case TOK_STARTBRACE:
      if (open_par)
        errx(EX_USAGE, "+nested \"(\" not allowed\n");
      open_par = 1;
      break;

    case TOK_ENDBRACE:
      if (!open_par)
        errx(EX_USAGE, "+missing \")\"\n");
      open_par = 0;
      prev = NULL;
      break;

    case TOK_IN:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_IN, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_OUT:
      cmd->len ^= F_NOT; /* toggle F_NOT */
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_IN, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_DIVERTED:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_DIVERTED, 0, 3);
      break;

    case TOK_DIVERTEDLOOPBACK:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_DIVERTED, 0, 1);
      break;

    case TOK_DIVERTEDOUTPUT:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_DIVERTED, 0, 2);
      break;

    case TOK_FRAG:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_FRAG, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_LAYER2:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_LAYER2, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_XMIT:
    case TOK_RECV:
    case TOK_VIA:
      NEED1("recv, xmit, via require interface name"
        " or address");
      fill_iface((ipfw_insn_if *)cmd, av[0], cblen, tstate);
      av++;
      if (F_LEN(cmd) == 0) /* not a valid address */
        break;
      if (i == TOK_XMIT)
        cmd->opcode = O_XMIT;
      else if (i == TOK_RECV)
        cmd->opcode = O_RECV;
      else if (i == TOK_VIA)
        cmd->opcode = O_VIA;
      break;

    case TOK_ICMPTYPES:
      NEED1("icmptypes requires list of types");
      fill_icmptypes((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd, *av);
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_ICMP6TYPES:
      NEED1("icmptypes requires list of types");
      fill_icmp6types((ipfw_insn_icmp6 *)cmd, *av, cblen);
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_IPTTL:
      NEED1("ipttl requires TTL");
      if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
          if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_IPTTL, cblen))
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ipttl %s", *av);
      } else
          fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPTTL, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_IPID:
      NEED1("ipid requires id");
      if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
          if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_IPID, cblen))
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ipid %s", *av);
      } else
          fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPID, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_IPLEN:
      NEED1("iplen requires length");
      if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
          if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_IPLEN, cblen))
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ip len %s", *av);
      } else
          fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPLEN, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_IPVER:
      NEED1("ipver requires version");
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPVER, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_IPPRECEDENCE:
      NEED1("ipprecedence requires value");
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPPRECEDENCE, 0,
          (strtoul(*av, NULL, 0) & 7) << 5);
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_DSCP:
      NEED1("missing DSCP code");
      fill_dscp(cmd, *av, cblen);
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_IPOPTS:
      NEED1("missing argument for ipoptions");
      fill_flags_cmd(cmd, O_IPOPT, f_ipopts, *av);
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_IPTOS:
      NEED1("missing argument for iptos");
      fill_flags_cmd(cmd, O_IPTOS, f_iptos, *av);
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_UID:
      NEED1("uid requires argument");
        {
      char *end;
      uid_t uid;
      struct passwd *pwd;

      cmd->opcode = O_UID;
      uid = strtoul(*av, &end, 0);
      pwd = (*end == '\0') ? getpwuid(uid) : getpwnam(*av);
      if (pwd == NULL)
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "uid \"%s\" nonexistent", *av);
      cmd32->d[0] = pwd->pw_uid;
      cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
      av++;
        }
      break;

    case TOK_GID:
      NEED1("gid requires argument");
        {
      char *end;
      gid_t gid;
      struct group *grp;

      cmd->opcode = O_GID;
      gid = strtoul(*av, &end, 0);
      grp = (*end == '\0') ? getgrgid(gid) : getgrnam(*av);
      if (grp == NULL)
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "gid \"%s\" nonexistent", *av);
      cmd32->d[0] = grp->gr_gid;
      cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
      av++;
        }
      break;

    case TOK_JAIL:
      NEED1("jail requires argument");
        {
      char *end;
      int jid;

      cmd->opcode = O_JAIL;
      jid = (int)strtol(*av, &end, 0);
      if (jid < 0 || *end != '\0')
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "jail requires prison ID");
      cmd32->d[0] = (uint32_t)jid;
      cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
      av++;
        }
      break;

    case TOK_ESTAB:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_ESTAB, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_SETUP:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_TCPFLAGS, 0,
        (TH_SYN) | ( (TH_ACK) & 0xff) <<8 );
      break;

    case TOK_TCPDATALEN:
      NEED1("tcpdatalen requires length");
      if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
          if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_TCPDATALEN, cblen))
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid tcpdata len %s", *av);
      } else
          fill_cmd(cmd, O_TCPDATALEN, 0,
            strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_TCPOPTS:
      NEED1("missing argument for tcpoptions");
      fill_flags_cmd(cmd, O_TCPOPTS, f_tcpopts, *av);
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_TCPSEQ:
    case TOK_TCPACK:
      NEED1("tcpseq/tcpack requires argument");
      cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
      cmd->opcode = (i == TOK_TCPSEQ) ? O_TCPSEQ : O_TCPACK;
      cmd32->d[0] = htonl(strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_TCPWIN:
      NEED1("tcpwin requires length");
      if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
          if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_TCPWIN, cblen))
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid tcpwin len %s", *av);
      } else
          fill_cmd(cmd, O_TCPWIN, 0,
            strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_TCPFLAGS:
      NEED1("missing argument for tcpflags");
      cmd->opcode = O_TCPFLAGS;
      fill_flags_cmd(cmd, O_TCPFLAGS, f_tcpflags, *av);
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_KEEPSTATE:
      if (open_par)
        errx(EX_USAGE, "keep-state cannot be part "
            "of an or block");
      if (have_state)
        errx(EX_USAGE, "only one of keep-state "
          "and limit is allowed");
      have_state = cmd;
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_KEEP_STATE, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_LIMIT: {
      ipfw_insn_limit *c = (ipfw_insn_limit *)cmd;
      int val;

      if (open_par)
        errx(EX_USAGE,
            "limit cannot be part of an or block");
      if (have_state)
        errx(EX_USAGE, "only one of keep-state and "
            "limit is allowed");
      have_state = cmd;

      cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_limit);
      CHECK_CMDLEN;
      cmd->opcode = O_LIMIT;
      c->limit_mask = c->conn_limit = 0;

      while ( av[0] != NULL ) {
        if ((val = match_token(limit_masks, *av)) <= 0)
          break;
        c->limit_mask |= val;
        av++;
      }

      if (c->limit_mask == 0)
        errx(EX_USAGE, "limit: missing limit mask");

      GET_UINT_ARG(c->conn_limit, IPFW_ARG_MIN, IPFW_ARG_MAX,
          TOK_LIMIT, rule_options);

      av++;
      break;
    }

    case TOK_PROTO:
      NEED1("missing protocol");
      if (add_proto(cmd, *av, &proto)) {
        av++;
      } else
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid protocol ``%s''",
            *av);
      break;

    case TOK_SRCIP:
      NEED1("missing source IP");
      if (add_srcip(cmd, *av, cblen, tstate)) {
        av++;
      }
      break;

    case TOK_DSTIP:
      NEED1("missing destination IP");
      if (add_dstip(cmd, *av, cblen, tstate)) {
        av++;
      }
      break;

    case TOK_SRCIP6:
      NEED1("missing source IP6");
      if (add_srcip6(cmd, *av, cblen)) {
        av++;
      }
      break;

    case TOK_DSTIP6:
      NEED1("missing destination IP6");
      if (add_dstip6(cmd, *av, cblen)) {
        av++;
      }
      break;

    case TOK_SRCPORT:
      NEED1("missing source port");
      if (_substrcmp(*av, "any") == 0 ||
          add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_SRCPORT, cblen)) {
        av++;
      } else
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid source port %s", *av);
      break;

    case TOK_DSTPORT:
      NEED1("missing destination port");
      if (_substrcmp(*av, "any") == 0 ||
          add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_DSTPORT, cblen)) {
        av++;
      } else
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid destination port %s",
            *av);
      break;

    case TOK_MAC:
      if (add_mac(cmd, av, cblen))
        av += 2;
      break;

    case TOK_MACTYPE:
      NEED1("missing mac type");
      if (!add_mactype(cmd, *av, cblen))
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid mac type %s", *av);
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_VERREVPATH:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_VERREVPATH, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_VERSRCREACH:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_VERSRCREACH, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_ANTISPOOF:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_ANTISPOOF, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_IPSEC:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPSEC, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_IPV6:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP6, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_IPV4:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP4, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_EXT6HDR:
      fill_ext6hdr( cmd, *av );
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_FLOWID:
      if (proto != IPPROTO_IPV6 )
        errx( EX_USAGE, "flow-id filter is active "
            "only for ipv6 protocol\n");
      fill_flow6( (ipfw_insn_u32 *) cmd, *av, cblen);
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_COMMENT:
      fill_comment(cmd, av, cblen);
      av[0]=NULL;
      break;

    case TOK_TAGGED:
      if (av[0] && strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
        if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_TAGGED, cblen))
          errx(EX_DATAERR, "tagged: invalid tag"
              " list: %s", *av);
      }
      else {
        uint16_t tag;

        GET_UINT_ARG(tag, IPFW_ARG_MIN, IPFW_ARG_MAX,
            TOK_TAGGED, rule_options);
        fill_cmd(cmd, O_TAGGED, 0, tag);
      }
      av++;
      break;

    case TOK_FIB:
      NEED1("fib requires fib number");
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_FIB, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
      av++;
      break;
    case TOK_SOCKARG:
      fill_cmd(cmd, O_SOCKARG, 0, 0);
      break;

    case TOK_LOOKUP: {
      ipfw_insn_u32 *c = (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd;
      int j;

      if (!av[0] || !av[1])
        errx(EX_USAGE, "format: lookup argument tablenum");
      cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST_LOOKUP;
      cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn) + 2;
      i = match_token(rule_options, *av);
      for (j = 0; lookup_key[j] >= 0 ; j++) {
        if (i == lookup_key[j])
          break;
      }
      if (lookup_key[j] <= 0)
        errx(EX_USAGE, "format: cannot lookup on %s", *av);
      __PAST_END(c->d, 1) = j; // i converted to option
      av++;

      if ((j = pack_table(tstate, *av)) == 0)
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid table name: %s", *av);

      cmd->arg1 = j;
      av++;
        }
      break;
    case TOK_FLOW:
      NEED1("missing table name");
      if (strncmp(*av, "table(", 6) != 0)
        errx(EX_DATAERR,
            "enclose table name into \"table()\"");
      fill_table(cmd, *av, O_IP_FLOW_LOOKUP, tstate);
      av++;
      break;

    default:
      errx(EX_USAGE, "unrecognised option [%d] %s\n", i, s);
    }
    if (F_LEN(cmd) > 0) { /* prepare to advance */
      prev = cmd;
      cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
    }
  }

done:
  /*
   * Now copy stuff into the rule.
   * If we have a keep-state option, the first instruction
   * must be a PROBE_STATE (which is generated here).
   * If we have a LOG option, it was stored as the first command,
   * and now must be moved to the top of the action part.
   */
  dst = (ipfw_insn *)rule->cmd;

  /*
   * First thing to write into the command stream is the match probability.
   */
  if (match_prob != 1) { /* 1 means always match */
    dst->opcode = O_PROB;
    dst->len = 2;
    *((int32_t *)(dst+1)) = (int32_t)(match_prob * 0x7fffffff);
    dst += dst->len;
  }

  /*
   * generate O_PROBE_STATE if necessary
   */
  if (have_state && have_state->opcode != O_CHECK_STATE) {
    fill_cmd(dst, O_PROBE_STATE, 0, 0);
    dst = next_cmd(dst, &rblen);
  }

  /* copy all commands but O_LOG, O_KEEP_STATE, O_LIMIT, O_ALTQ, O_TAG */
  for (src = (ipfw_insn *)cmdbuf; src != cmd; src += i) {
    i = F_LEN(src);
    CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);

    switch (src->opcode) {
    case O_LOG:
    case O_KEEP_STATE:
    case O_LIMIT:
    case O_ALTQ:
    case O_TAG:
      break;
    default:
      bcopy(src, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
      dst += i;
    }
  }

  /*
   * put back the have_state command as last opcode
   */
  if (have_state && have_state->opcode != O_CHECK_STATE) {
    i = F_LEN(have_state);
    CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
    bcopy(have_state, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
    dst += i;
  }
  /*
   * start action section
   */
  rule->act_ofs = dst - rule->cmd;

  /* put back O_LOG, O_ALTQ, O_TAG if necessary */
  if (have_log) {
    i = F_LEN(have_log);
    CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
    bcopy(have_log, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
    dst += i;
  }
  if (have_altq) {
    i = F_LEN(have_altq);
    CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
    bcopy(have_altq, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
    dst += i;
  }
  if (have_tag) {
    i = F_LEN(have_tag);
    CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
    bcopy(have_tag, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
    dst += i;
  }

  /*
   * copy all other actions
   */
  for (src = (ipfw_insn *)actbuf; src != action; src += i) {
    i = F_LEN(src);
    CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
    bcopy(src, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
    dst += i;
  }

  rule->cmd_len = (uint32_t *)dst - (uint32_t *)(rule->cmd);
  *rbufsize = (char *)dst - (char *)rule;
}

/*
 * Adds one or more rules to ipfw chain.
 * Data layout:
 * Request:
 * [
 *   ip_fw3_opheader
 *   [ ipfw_obj_ctlv(IPFW_TLV_TBL_LIST) ipfw_obj_ntlv x N ] (optional *1)
 *   [ ipfw_obj_ctlv(IPFW_TLV_RULE_LIST) [ ip_fw_rule ip_fw_insn ] x N ] (*2) (*3)
 * ]
 * Reply:
 * [
 *   ip_fw3_opheader
 *   [ ipfw_obj_ctlv(IPFW_TLV_TBL_LIST) ipfw_obj_ntlv x N ] (optional)
 *   [ ipfw_obj_ctlv(IPFW_TLV_RULE_LIST) [ ip_fw_rule ip_fw_insn ] x N ]
 * ]
 *
 * Rules in reply are modified to store their actual ruleset number.
 *
 * (*1) TLVs inside IPFW_TLV_TBL_LIST needs to be sorted ascending
 * accoring to their idx field and there has to be no duplicates.
 * (*2) Numbered rules inside IPFW_TLV_RULE_LIST needs to be sorted ascending.
 * (*3) Each ip_fw structure needs to be aligned to u64 boundary.
 */
void
ipfw_add(char *av[])
{
  uint32_t rulebuf[1024];
  int rbufsize, default_off, tlen, rlen;
  size_t sz;
  struct tidx ts;
  struct ip_fw_rule *rule;
  caddr_t tbuf;
  ip_fw3_opheader *op3;
  ipfw_obj_ctlv *ctlv, *tstate;

  rbufsize = sizeof(rulebuf);
  memset(rulebuf, 0, rbufsize);
  memset(&ts, 0, sizeof(ts));

  /* Optimize case with no tables */
  default_off = sizeof(ipfw_obj_ctlv) + sizeof(ip_fw3_opheader);
  op3 = (ip_fw3_opheader *)rulebuf;
  ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)(op3 + 1);
  rule = (struct ip_fw_rule *)(ctlv + 1);
  rbufsize -= default_off;

  compile_rule(av, (uint32_t *)rule, &rbufsize, &ts);
  /* Align rule size to u64 boundary */
  rlen = roundup2(rbufsize, sizeof(uint64_t));

  tbuf = NULL;
  sz = 0;
  tstate = NULL;
  if (ts.count != 0) {
    /* Some tables. We have to alloc more data */
    tlen = ts.count * sizeof(ipfw_obj_ntlv);
    sz = default_off + sizeof(ipfw_obj_ctlv) + tlen + rlen;

    if ((tbuf = calloc(1, sz)) == NULL)
      err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "malloc() failed for IP_FW_ADD");
    op3 = (ip_fw3_opheader *)tbuf;
    /* Tables first */
    ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)(op3 + 1);
    ctlv->head.type = IPFW_TLV_TBLNAME_LIST;
    ctlv->head.length = sizeof(ipfw_obj_ctlv) + tlen;
    ctlv->count = ts.count;
    ctlv->objsize = sizeof(ipfw_obj_ntlv);
    memcpy(ctlv + 1, ts.idx, tlen);
    table_sort_ctlv(ctlv);
    tstate = ctlv;
    /* Rule next */
    ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)((caddr_t)ctlv + ctlv->head.length);
    ctlv->head.type = IPFW_TLV_RULE_LIST;
    ctlv->head.length = sizeof(ipfw_obj_ctlv) + rlen;
    ctlv->count = 1;
    memcpy(ctlv + 1, rule, rbufsize);
  } else {
    /* Simply add header */
    sz = rlen + default_off;
    memset(ctlv, 0, sizeof(*ctlv));
    ctlv->head.type = IPFW_TLV_RULE_LIST;
    ctlv->head.length = sizeof(ipfw_obj_ctlv) + rlen;
    ctlv->count = 1;
  }

  if (do_get3(IP_FW_XADD, op3, &sz) != 0)
    err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "getsockopt(%s)", "IP_FW_XADD");

  if (!co.do_quiet) {
    struct format_opts sfo;
    struct buf_pr bp;
    memset(&sfo, 0, sizeof(sfo));
    sfo.tstate = tstate;
    sfo.set_mask = (uint32_t)(-1);
    bp_alloc(&bp, 4096);
    show_static_rule(&co, &sfo, &bp, rule, NULL);
    printf("%s", bp.buf);
    bp_free(&bp);
  }

  if (tbuf != NULL)
    free(tbuf);

  if (ts.idx != NULL)
    free(ts.idx);
}

/*
 * clear the counters or the log counters.
 * optname has the following values:
 *  0 (zero both counters and logging)
 *  1 (zero logging only)
 */
void
ipfw_zero(int ac, char *av[], int optname)
{
  ipfw_range_tlv rt;
  uint32_t arg;
  int failed = EX_OK;
  char const *errstr;
  char const *name = optname ? "RESETLOG" : "ZERO";

  optname = optname ? IP_FW_XRESETLOG : IP_FW_XZERO;
  memset(&rt, 0, sizeof(rt));

  av++; ac--;

  if (ac == 0) {
    /* clear all entries */
    rt.flags = IPFW_RCFLAG_ALL;
    if (do_range_cmd(optname, &rt) < 0)
      err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "setsockopt(IP_FW_X%s)", name);
    if (!co.do_quiet)
      printf("%s.\n", optname == IP_FW_XZERO ?
          "Accounting cleared":"Logging counts reset");

    return;
  }

  while (ac) {
    /* Rule number */
    if (isdigit(**av)) {
      arg = strtonum(*av, 0, 0xffff, &errstr);
      if (errstr)
        errx(EX_DATAERR,
            "invalid rule number %s\n", *av);
      rt.start_rule = arg;
      rt.end_rule = arg;
      rt.flags |= IPFW_RCFLAG_RANGE;
      if (co.use_set != 0) {
        rt.set = co.use_set - 1;
        rt.flags |= IPFW_RCFLAG_SET;
      }
      if (do_range_cmd(optname, &rt) != 0) {
        warn("rule %u: setsockopt(IP_FW_X%s)",
            arg, name);
        failed = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
      } else if (rt.new_set == 0) {
        printf("Entry %d not found\n", arg);
        failed = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
      } else if (!co.do_quiet)
        printf("Entry %d %s.\n", arg,
            optname == IP_FW_XZERO ?
          "cleared" : "logging count reset");
    } else {
      errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid rule number ``%s''", *av);
    }
    av++; ac--;
  }
  if (failed != EX_OK)
    exit(failed);
}

void
ipfw_flush(int force)
{
  ipfw_range_tlv rt;

  if (!force && !co.do_quiet) { /* need to ask user */
    int c;

    printf("Are you sure? [yn] ");
    fflush(stdout);
    do {
      c = toupper(getc(stdin));
      while (c != '\n' && getc(stdin) != '\n')
        if (feof(stdin))
          return; /* and do not flush */
    } while (c != 'Y' && c != 'N');
    printf("\n");
    if (c == 'N') /* user said no */
      return;
  }
  if (co.do_pipe) {
    dummynet_flush();
    return;
  }
  /* `ipfw set N flush` - is the same that `ipfw delete set N` */
  memset(&rt, 0, sizeof(rt));
  if (co.use_set != 0) {
    rt.set = co.use_set - 1;
    rt.flags = IPFW_RCFLAG_SET;
  } else
    rt.flags = IPFW_RCFLAG_ALL;
  if (do_range_cmd(IP_FW_XDEL, &rt) != 0)
      err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "setsockopt(IP_FW_XDEL)");
  if (!co.do_quiet)
    printf("Flushed all %s.\n", co.do_pipe ? "pipes" : "rules");
}

static struct _s_x intcmds[] = {
      { "talist", TOK_TALIST },
      { "iflist", TOK_IFLIST },
      { "vlist",  TOK_VLIST },
      { NULL, 0 }
};

void
ipfw_internal_handler(int ac, char *av[])
{
  int tcmd;

  ac--; av++;
  NEED1("internal cmd required");

  if ((tcmd = match_token(intcmds, *av)) == -1)
    errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid internal sub-cmd: %s", *av);

  switch (tcmd) {
  case TOK_IFLIST:
    ipfw_list_tifaces();
    break;
  case TOK_TALIST:
    ipfw_list_ta(ac, av);
    break;
  case TOK_VLIST:
    ipfw_list_values(ac, av);
    break;
  }
}

static int
ipfw_get_tracked_ifaces(ipfw_obj_lheader **polh)
{
  ipfw_obj_lheader req, *olh;
  size_t sz;

  memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
  sz = sizeof(req);

  if (do_get3(IP_FW_XIFLIST, &req.opheader, &sz) != 0) {
    if (errno != ENOMEM)
      return (errno);
  }

  sz = req.size;
#ifndef __clang_analyzer__
  /* Clang scan-build SA: Memory error - use of 0 allocated: This is a code bug or a false-positive that is
   * not clear. do_get3(..., &req.opheader, &sz) calls getsockopt(..., optval=&req.opheader, optlen=&sz)
   * which fills in optval & optlen on return. However opheader does not contain a size field and
   * sz (optlen) is overwritten by the line above. req.size appears to still be 0 from the memset() at the
   * top of the function. This looks like a bug but hard to believe because this is code from/for a BSD
   * linux firewall package. */

  if ((olh = calloc(1, sz)) == NULL)
    return (ENOMEM);

  olh->size = sz;
  if (do_get3(IP_FW_XIFLIST, &olh->opheader, &sz) != 0) {
    free(olh);
    return (errno);
  }

  *polh = olh;
#endif
  return (0);
}

static int
ifinfo_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
{
  ipfw_iface_info *ia, *ib;

  ia = (ipfw_iface_info *)a;
  ib = (ipfw_iface_info *)b;

  return (stringnum_cmp(ia->ifname, ib->ifname));
}

/*
 * Retrieves table list from kernel,
 * optionally sorts it and calls requested function for each table.
 * Returns 0 on success.
 */
static void
ipfw_list_tifaces(void)
{
  ipfw_obj_lheader *olh = NULL;
  ipfw_iface_info *info;
  int i, error;

  if ((error = ipfw_get_tracked_ifaces(&olh)) != 0)
    err(EX_OSERR, "Unable to request ipfw tracked interface list");


        /* Clang scan-build SA: NULL pointer dereference: false-positive report that olh=NULL after
         * ipfw_get_tracked_ifaces()=0 (2 functions up). This is incorrect because ipfw_get_tracked_ifaces()
         * only returns 0 when it sets the olh pointer. But add an assert just in case and to stop the SA from
         * reporting this. */
        ogs_assert(olh);

  qsort(olh + 1, olh->count, olh->objsize, ifinfo_cmp);

  info = (ipfw_iface_info *)(olh + 1);
  for (i = 0; i < olh->count; i++) {
    if (info->flags & IPFW_IFFLAG_RESOLVED)
      printf("%s ifindex: %d refcount: %u changes: %u\n",
          info->ifname, info->ifindex, info->refcnt,
          info->gencnt);
    else
      printf("%s ifindex: unresolved refcount: %u changes: %u\n",
          info->ifname, info->refcnt, info->gencnt);
    info = (ipfw_iface_info *)((caddr_t)info + olh->objsize);
  }

  free(olh);
}





Coverage Report

Created: 2026-11-06 06:15