/*

 * Copyright 2024-2026 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

 *

 * Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use

 * this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy

 * in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at

 * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html

 */

#include <openssl/core_dispatch.h>

#include <openssl/core_names.h>

#include <openssl/params.h>

#include <openssl/rand.h>

#include "ml_dsa_local.h"

#include "ml_dsa_key.h"

#include "ml_dsa_matrix.h"

#include "ml_dsa_sign.h"

#include "ml_dsa_hash.h"

#define ML_DSA_MAX_LAMBDA 256 /* bit strength for ML-DSA-87 */

/*

 * @brief Initialize a Signature object by pointing all of its objects to

 * preallocated blocks. The values passed for hint, z and

 * c_tilde values are not owned/freed by the |sig| object.

 *

 * @param sig The ML_DSA_SIG to initialize.

 * @param hint A preallocated array of |k| polynomial blocks

 * @param k The number of |hint| polynomials

 * @param z A preallocated array of |l| polynomial blocks

 * @param l The number of |z| polynomials

 * @param c_tilde A preallocated buffer

 * @param c_tilde_len The size of |c_tilde|

 */

static void signature_init(ML_DSA_SIG *sig,

    POLY *hint, uint32_t k, POLY *z, uint32_t l,

    uint8_t *c_tilde, size_t c_tilde_len)

{

    vector_init(&sig->z, z, l);

    vector_init(&sig->hint, hint, k);

    sig->c_tilde = c_tilde;

    sig->c_tilde_len = c_tilde_len;

}

/*

 * FIPS 204, Algorithm 7, ML-DSA.Sign_internal()

 * @returns 1 on success and 0 on failure.

 */

static int ml_dsa_sign_internal(const ML_DSA_KEY *priv, int msg_is_mu,

    const uint8_t *encoded_msg,

    size_t encoded_msg_len,

    const uint8_t *rnd, size_t rnd_len,

    uint8_t *out_sig)

{

    int ret = 0;

    const ML_DSA_PARAMS *params = priv->params;

    EVP_MD_CTX *md_ctx = NULL;

    uint32_t k = params->k, l = params->l;

    uint32_t gamma1 = params->gamma1, gamma2 = params->gamma2;

    uint8_t *alloc = NULL, *w1_encoded;

    size_t alloc_len, w1_encoded_len;

    size_t num_polys_sig_k = 2 * k;

    size_t num_polys_k = 5 * k;

    size_t num_polys_l = 3 * l;

    size_t num_polys_k_by_l = k * l;

    POLY *polys = NULL, *p, *c_ntt;

    VECTOR s1_ntt, s2_ntt, t0_ntt, w, w1, cs1, cs2, y;

    MATRIX a_ntt;

    ML_DSA_SIG sig;

    uint8_t mu[ML_DSA_MU_BYTES], *mu_ptr = mu;

    const size_t mu_len = sizeof(mu);

    uint8_t rho_prime[ML_DSA_RHO_PRIME_BYTES];

    uint8_t c_tilde[ML_DSA_MAX_LAMBDA / 4];

    size_t c_tilde_len = params->bit_strength >> 2;

    size_t kappa;

    /*

     * Allocate a single blob for most of the variable size temporary variables.

     * Mostly used for VECTOR POLYNOMIALS (every POLY is 1K).

     */

    w1_encoded_len = k * (gamma2 == ML_DSA_GAMMA2_Q_MINUS1_DIV88 ? 192 : 128);

    alloc_len = w1_encoded_len

        + sizeof(*polys) * (1 + num_polys_k + num_polys_l + num_polys_k_by_l + num_polys_sig_k);

    alloc = OPENSSL_malloc(alloc_len);

    if (alloc == NULL)

        return 0;

    md_ctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();

    if (md_ctx == NULL)

        goto err;

    w1_encoded = alloc;

    /* Init the temp vectors to point to the allocated polys blob */

    p = (POLY *)(w1_encoded + w1_encoded_len);

    c_ntt = p++;

    matrix_init(&a_ntt, p, k, l);

    p += num_polys_k_by_l;

    vector_init(&s2_ntt, p, k);

    vector_init(&t0_ntt, s2_ntt.poly + k, k);

    vector_init(&w, t0_ntt.poly + k, k);

    vector_init(&w1, w.poly + k, k);

    vector_init(&cs2, w1.poly + k, k);

    p += num_polys_k;

    vector_init(&s1_ntt, p, l);

    vector_init(&y, p + l, l);

    vector_init(&cs1, p + 2 * l, l);

    p += num_polys_l;

    signature_init(&sig, p, k, p + k, l, c_tilde, c_tilde_len);

    /* End of the allocated blob setup */

    if (!matrix_expand_A(md_ctx, priv->shake128_md, priv->rho, &a_ntt))

        goto err;

    if (msg_is_mu) {

        if (encoded_msg_len != mu_len)

            goto err;

        mu_ptr = (uint8_t *)encoded_msg;

    } else {

        if (!shake_xof_2(md_ctx, priv->shake256_md, priv->tr, sizeof(priv->tr),

                encoded_msg, encoded_msg_len, mu_ptr, mu_len))

            goto err;

    }

    if (!shake_xof_3(md_ctx, priv->shake256_md, priv->K, sizeof(priv->K),

            rnd, rnd_len, mu_ptr, mu_len,

            rho_prime, sizeof(rho_prime)))

        goto err;

    vector_copy(&s1_ntt, &priv->s1);

    vector_ntt(&s1_ntt);

    vector_copy(&s2_ntt, &priv->s2);

    vector_ntt(&s2_ntt);

    vector_copy(&t0_ntt, &priv->t0);

    vector_ntt(&t0_ntt);

    /*

     * kappa must not exceed 2^16. But the probability of it

     * exceeding even 1000 iterations is vanishingly small.

     */

    for (kappa = 0;; kappa += l) {

        VECTOR *y_ntt = &cs1;

        VECTOR *r0 = &w1;

        VECTOR *ct0 = &w1;

        uint32_t z_max, r0_max, ct0_max, h_ones;

        vector_expand_mask(&y, rho_prime, sizeof(rho_prime), kappa,

            gamma1, md_ctx, priv->shake256_md);

        vector_copy(y_ntt, &y);

        vector_ntt(y_ntt);

        matrix_mult_vector(&a_ntt, y_ntt, &w);

        vector_ntt_inverse(&w);

        vector_high_bits(&w, gamma2, &w1);

        ossl_ml_dsa_w1_encode(&w1, gamma2, w1_encoded, w1_encoded_len);

        if (!shake_xof_2(md_ctx, priv->shake256_md, mu_ptr, mu_len,

                w1_encoded, w1_encoded_len, c_tilde, c_tilde_len))

            break;

        if (!poly_sample_in_ball_ntt(c_ntt, c_tilde, c_tilde_len,

                md_ctx, priv->shake256_md, params->tau))

            break;

        vector_mult_scalar(&s1_ntt, c_ntt, &cs1);

        vector_ntt_inverse(&cs1);

        vector_mult_scalar(&s2_ntt, c_ntt, &cs2);

        vector_ntt_inverse(&cs2);

        vector_add(&y, &cs1, &sig.z);

        /* r0 = lowbits(w - cs2) */

        vector_sub(&w, &cs2, r0);

        vector_low_bits(r0, gamma2, r0);

        /*

         * Leaking that the signature is rejected is fine as the next attempt at a

         * signature will be (indistinguishable from) independent of this one.

         */

        z_max = vector_max(&sig.z);

        r0_max = vector_max_signed(r0);

        if (value_barrier_32(constant_time_ge(z_max, gamma1 - params->beta)

                | constant_time_ge(r0_max, gamma2 - params->beta)))

            continue;

        vector_mult_scalar(&t0_ntt, c_ntt, ct0);

        vector_ntt_inverse(ct0);

        vector_make_hint(ct0, &cs2, &w, gamma2, &sig.hint);

        ct0_max = vector_max(ct0);

        h_ones = vector_count_ones(&sig.hint);

        /* Same reasoning applies to the leak as above */

        if (value_barrier_32(constant_time_ge(ct0_max, gamma2)

                | constant_time_lt(params->omega, h_ones)))

            continue;

        ret = ossl_ml_dsa_sig_encode(&sig, params, out_sig);

        break;

    }

err:

    EVP_MD_CTX_free(md_ctx);

    OPENSSL_clear_free(alloc, alloc_len);

    OPENSSL_cleanse(rho_prime, sizeof(rho_prime));

    OPENSSL_cleanse(c_tilde, sizeof(c_tilde));

    return ret;

}

/*

 * See FIPS 204, Algorithm 8, ML-DSA.Verify_internal().

 */

static int ml_dsa_verify_internal(const ML_DSA_KEY *pub, int msg_is_mu,

    const uint8_t *msg_enc, size_t msg_enc_len,

    const uint8_t *sig_enc, size_t sig_enc_len)

{

    int ret = 0;

    uint8_t *alloc = NULL, *w1_encoded;

    POLY *polys = NULL, *p, *c_ntt;

    MATRIX a_ntt;

    VECTOR az_ntt, ct1_ntt, *z_ntt, *w1, *w_approx;

    ML_DSA_SIG sig;

    const ML_DSA_PARAMS *params = pub->params;

    uint32_t k = pub->params->k;

    uint32_t l = pub->params->l;

    uint32_t gamma2 = params->gamma2;

    size_t w1_encoded_len;

    size_t num_polys_sig = k + l;

    size_t num_polys_k = 2 * k;

    size_t num_polys_l = 1 * l;

    size_t num_polys_k_by_l = k * l;

    uint8_t mu[ML_DSA_MU_BYTES], *mu_ptr = mu;

    const size_t mu_len = sizeof(mu);

    uint8_t c_tilde[ML_DSA_MAX_LAMBDA / 4];

    uint8_t c_tilde_sig[ML_DSA_MAX_LAMBDA / 4];

    EVP_MD_CTX *md_ctx = NULL;

    size_t c_tilde_len = params->bit_strength >> 2;

    uint32_t z_max;

    /* Allocate space for all the POLYNOMIALS used by temporary VECTORS */

    w1_encoded_len = k * (gamma2 == ML_DSA_GAMMA2_Q_MINUS1_DIV88 ? 192 : 128);

    alloc = OPENSSL_malloc(w1_encoded_len

        + sizeof(*polys) * (1 + num_polys_k + num_polys_l + num_polys_k_by_l + num_polys_sig));

    if (alloc == NULL)

        return 0;

    md_ctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();

    if (md_ctx == NULL)

        goto err;

    w1_encoded = alloc;

    /* Init the temp vectors to point to the allocated polys blob */

    p = (POLY *)(w1_encoded + w1_encoded_len);

    c_ntt = p++;

    matrix_init(&a_ntt, p, k, l);

    p += num_polys_k_by_l;

    signature_init(&sig, p, k, p + k, l, c_tilde_sig, c_tilde_len);

    p += num_polys_sig;

    vector_init(&az_ntt, p, k);

    vector_init(&ct1_ntt, p + k, k);

    if (!ossl_ml_dsa_sig_decode(&sig, sig_enc, sig_enc_len, pub->params)

        || !matrix_expand_A(md_ctx, pub->shake128_md, pub->rho, &a_ntt))

        goto err;

    if (msg_is_mu) {

        if (msg_enc_len != mu_len)

            goto err;

        mu_ptr = (uint8_t *)msg_enc;

    } else {

        if (!shake_xof_2(md_ctx, pub->shake256_md, pub->tr, sizeof(pub->tr),

                msg_enc, msg_enc_len, mu_ptr, mu_len))

            goto err;

    }

    /* Compute verifiers challenge c_ntt = NTT(SampleInBall(c_tilde) */

    if (!poly_sample_in_ball_ntt(c_ntt, c_tilde_sig, c_tilde_len,

            md_ctx, pub->shake256_md, params->tau))

        goto err;

    /* ct1_ntt = NTT(c) * NTT(t1 * 2^d) */

    vector_scale_power2_round_ntt(&pub->t1, &ct1_ntt);

    vector_mult_scalar(&ct1_ntt, c_ntt, &ct1_ntt);

    /* compute z_max early in order to reuse sig.z */

    z_max = vector_max(&sig.z);

    /* w_approx = NTT_inverse(A * NTT(z) - ct1_ntt) */

    z_ntt = &sig.z;

    vector_ntt(z_ntt);

    matrix_mult_vector(&a_ntt, z_ntt, &az_ntt);

    w_approx = &az_ntt;

    vector_sub(&az_ntt, &ct1_ntt, w_approx);

    vector_ntt_inverse(w_approx);

    /* compute w1_encoded */

    w1 = w_approx;

    vector_use_hint(&sig.hint, w_approx, gamma2, w1);

    ossl_ml_dsa_w1_encode(w1, gamma2, w1_encoded, w1_encoded_len);

    if (!shake_xof_3(md_ctx, pub->shake256_md, mu_ptr, mu_len,

            w1_encoded, w1_encoded_len, NULL, 0, c_tilde, c_tilde_len))

        goto err;

    ret = (z_max < (uint32_t)(params->gamma1 - params->beta))

        && memcmp(c_tilde, sig.c_tilde, c_tilde_len) == 0;

err:

    OPENSSL_free(alloc);

    EVP_MD_CTX_free(md_ctx);

    return ret;

}

/**

 * @brief Encode a message

 * See FIPS 204 Algorithm 2 Step 10 (and algorithm 3 Step 5).

 *

 * ML_DSA pure signatures are encoded as M' = 00 || ctx_len || ctx || msg

 * Where ctx is the empty string by default and ctx_len <= 255.

 *

 * Note this code could be shared with SLH_DSA

 *

 * @param msg A message to encode

 * @param msg_len The size of |msg|

 * @param ctx An optional context to add to the message encoding.

 * @param ctx_len The size of |ctx|. It must be in the range 0..255

 * @param encode Use the Pure signature encoding if this is 1, and dont encode

 *               if this value is 0.

 * @param tmp A small buffer that may be used if the message is small.

 * @param tmp_len The size of |tmp|

 * @param out_len The size of the returned encoded buffer.

 * @returns A buffer containing the encoded message. If the passed in

 * |tmp| buffer is big enough to hold the encoded message then it returns |tmp|

 * otherwise it allocates memory which must be freed by the caller. If |encode|

 * is 0 then it returns |msg|. NULL is returned if there is a failure.

 */

static uint8_t *msg_encode(const uint8_t *msg, size_t msg_len,

    const uint8_t *ctx, size_t ctx_len, int encode,

    uint8_t *tmp, size_t tmp_len, size_t *out_len)

{

    uint8_t *encoded = NULL;

    size_t encoded_len;

    if (encode == 0) {

        /* Raw message */

        *out_len = msg_len;

        return (uint8_t *)msg;

    }

    if (ctx_len > ML_DSA_MAX_CONTEXT_STRING_LEN)

        return NULL;

    /* Pure encoding */

    encoded_len = 1 + 1 + ctx_len + msg_len;

    *out_len = encoded_len;

    if (encoded_len <= tmp_len) {

        encoded = tmp;

    } else {

        encoded = OPENSSL_malloc(encoded_len);

        if (encoded == NULL)

            return NULL;

    }

    encoded[0] = 0;

    encoded[1] = (uint8_t)ctx_len;

    memcpy(&encoded[2], ctx, ctx_len);

    memcpy(&encoded[2 + ctx_len], msg, msg_len);

    return encoded;

}

/**

 * See FIPS 204 Section 5.2 Algorithm 2 ML-DSA.Sign()

 *

 * @returns 1 on success, or 0 on error.

 */

int ossl_ml_dsa_sign(const ML_DSA_KEY *priv, int msg_is_mu,

    const uint8_t *msg, size_t msg_len,

    const uint8_t *context, size_t context_len,

    const uint8_t *rand, size_t rand_len, int encode,

    unsigned char *sig, size_t *sig_len, size_t sig_size)

{

    int ret = 1;

    uint8_t m_tmp[1024], *m = m_tmp, *alloced_m = NULL;

    size_t m_len = 0;

    if (ossl_ml_dsa_key_get_priv(priv) == NULL)

        return 0;

    if (sig != NULL) {

        if (sig_size < priv->params->sig_len)

            return 0;

        if (msg_is_mu) {

            m = (uint8_t *)msg;

            m_len = msg_len;

        } else {

            m = msg_encode(msg, msg_len, context, context_len, encode,

                m_tmp, sizeof(m_tmp), &m_len);

            if (m == NULL)

                return 0;

            if (m != msg && m != m_tmp)

                alloced_m = m;

        }

        ret = ml_dsa_sign_internal(priv, msg_is_mu, m, m_len, rand, rand_len, sig);

        /* The encoded message may contain confidential message content */

        if (m != msg) {

            if (m != m_tmp)

                OPENSSL_clear_free(alloced_m, m_len);

            else

                OPENSSL_cleanse(m_tmp, sizeof(m_tmp));

        }

    }

    if (sig_len != NULL)

        *sig_len = priv->params->sig_len;

    return ret;

}

/**

 * See FIPS 203 Section 5.3 Algorithm 3 ML-DSA.Verify()

 * @returns 1 on success, or 0 on error.

 */

int ossl_ml_dsa_verify(const ML_DSA_KEY *pub, int msg_is_mu,

    const uint8_t *msg, size_t msg_len,

    const uint8_t *context, size_t context_len, int encode,

    const uint8_t *sig, size_t sig_len)

{

    uint8_t *m, *alloced_m = NULL;

    size_t m_len;

    uint8_t m_tmp[1024];

    int ret = 0;

    if (ossl_ml_dsa_key_get_pub(pub) == NULL)

        return 0;

    if (msg_is_mu) {

        m = (uint8_t *)msg;

        m_len = msg_len;

    } else {

        m = msg_encode(msg, msg_len, context, context_len, encode,

            m_tmp, sizeof(m_tmp), &m_len);

        if (m == NULL)

            return 0;

        if (m != msg && m != m_tmp)

            alloced_m = m;

    }

    ret = ml_dsa_verify_internal(pub, msg_is_mu, m, m_len, sig, sig_len);

    /* The encoded message may contain confidential message content */

    if (m != msg) {

        if (m != m_tmp)

            OPENSSL_clear_free(alloced_m, m_len);

        else

            OPENSSL_cleanse(m_tmp, sizeof(m_tmp));

    }

    return ret;

}