/src/openvswitch/lib/util.h

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Nicira, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#ifndef UTIL_H
#define UTIL_H 1

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "compiler.h"
#include "openvswitch/util.h"
#if defined(__aarch64__) && __GNUC__ >= 6
#include <arm_neon.h>
#endif

extern char *program_name;

#define __ARRAY_SIZE_NOCHECK(ARRAY) (sizeof(ARRAY) / sizeof((ARRAY)[0]))
#if __GNUC__ && !defined(__cplusplus)
/* return 0 for array types, 1 otherwise */
#define __ARRAY_CHECK(ARRAY)          \
    !__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(ARRAY), typeof(&ARRAY[0]))

/* compile-time fail if not array */
#define __ARRAY_FAIL(ARRAY) (sizeof(char[-2*!__ARRAY_CHECK(ARRAY)]))
#define __ARRAY_SIZE(ARRAY)         \
    __builtin_choose_expr(__ARRAY_CHECK(ARRAY),      \
        __ARRAY_SIZE_NOCHECK(ARRAY), __ARRAY_FAIL(ARRAY))
#elif defined(__cplusplus)
#define __ARRAY_SIZE(ARRAY) ( \
   0 * sizeof(reinterpret_cast<const ::Bad_arg_to_ARRAY_SIZE *>(ARRAY)) + \
   0 * sizeof(::Bad_arg_to_ARRAY_SIZE::check_type((ARRAY), &(ARRAY))) + \
   sizeof(ARRAY) / sizeof((ARRAY)[0]) )

struct Bad_arg_to_ARRAY_SIZE {
   class Is_pointer;
   class Is_array {};
   template <typename T>
   static Is_pointer check_type(const T *, const T * const *);
   static Is_array check_type(const void *, const void *);
};
#else
#define __ARRAY_SIZE(ARRAY) __ARRAY_SIZE_NOCHECK(ARRAY)
#endif


/* This system's cache line size, in bytes.
 * Being wrong hurts performance but not correctness. */
#if defined(__ppc64__) || defined(__powerpc64__) || \
    defined(__PPC64__) || defined(_ARCH_PPC64)
/* http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2017-March/110982.html */
#define CACHE_LINE_SIZE 128
#else
#define CACHE_LINE_SIZE 64
#endif
BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(IS_POW2(CACHE_LINE_SIZE));

/* Cacheline marking is typically done using zero-sized array.
 * However MSVC doesn't like zero-sized array in struct/union.
 * C4200: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/79wf64bc.aspx
 */
typedef uint8_t OVS_CACHE_LINE_MARKER[1];

static inline void
ovs_prefetch_range(const void *start, size_t size)
{
    const char *addr = (const char *)start;
    size_t ofs;

    for (ofs = 0; ofs < size; ofs += CACHE_LINE_SIZE) {
        OVS_PREFETCH(addr + ofs);
    }
}

#ifndef MIN
#define MIN(X, Y) ((X) < (Y) ? (X) : (Y))
#endif

#ifndef MAX
#define MAX(X, Y) ((X) > (Y) ? (X) : (Y))
#endif

/* Comparisons for ints with modular arithmetic */
#define INT_MOD_LT(a,b)     ((int) ((a)-(b)) < 0)
#define INT_MOD_LEQ(a,b)    ((int) ((a)-(b)) <= 0)
#define INT_MOD_GT(a,b)     ((int) ((a)-(b)) > 0)
#define INT_MOD_GEQ(a,b)    ((int) ((a)-(b)) >= 0)

#define INT_MOD_MIN(a, b)   ((INT_MOD_LT(a, b)) ? (a) : (b))
#define INT_MOD_MAX(a, b)   ((INT_MOD_GT(a, b)) ? (a) : (b))

#define OVS_NOT_REACHED() abort()

/* Joins two token expanding the arguments if they are macros.
 *
 * For token concatenation the circumlocution is needed for the
 * expansion. */
#define OVS_JOIN2(X, Y) X##Y
#define OVS_JOIN(X, Y) OVS_JOIN2(X, Y)

/* Use "%"PRIuSIZE to format size_t with printf(). */
#ifdef _WIN32
#define PRIdSIZE "Id"
#define PRIiSIZE "Ii"
#define PRIoSIZE "Io"
#define PRIuSIZE "Iu"
#define PRIxSIZE "Ix"
#define PRIXSIZE "IX"
#else
#define PRIdSIZE "zd"
#define PRIiSIZE "zi"
#define PRIoSIZE "zo"
#define PRIuSIZE "zu"
#define PRIxSIZE "zx"
#define PRIXSIZE "zX"
#endif

#ifndef _WIN32
typedef uint32_t HANDLE;
#endif

#ifdef  __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#define set_program_name(name) \
        ovs_set_program_name(name, OVS_PACKAGE_VERSION)

const char *get_subprogram_name(void);
    void set_subprogram_name(const char *);

unsigned int get_page_size(void);
long long int get_boot_time(void);

void ctl_timeout_setup(unsigned int secs);

void ovs_print_version(uint8_t min_ofp, uint8_t max_ofp);

void set_all_memory_locked(void);
bool memory_all_locked(void);

OVS_NO_RETURN void out_of_memory(void);

/* Allocation wrappers that abort if memory is exhausted. */
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xmalloc(size_t) MALLOC_LIKE;
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xcalloc(size_t, size_t) MALLOC_LIKE;
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xzalloc(size_t) MALLOC_LIKE;
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xrealloc(void *, size_t);
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xmemdup(const void *, size_t) MALLOC_LIKE;
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL char *xmemdup0(const char *, size_t) MALLOC_LIKE;
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL char *xstrdup(const char *) MALLOC_LIKE;
char *nullable_xstrdup(const char *) MALLOC_LIKE;
bool nullable_string_is_equal(const char *a, const char *b);
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL char *xasprintf(const char *format, ...)
    OVS_PRINTF_FORMAT(1, 2) MALLOC_LIKE;
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL char *xvasprintf(const char *format, va_list)
    OVS_PRINTF_FORMAT(1, 0) MALLOC_LIKE;
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *x2nrealloc(void *p, size_t *n, size_t s);

/* Allocation wrappers for specialized situations where coverage counters
 * cannot be used. */
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xmalloc__(size_t) MALLOC_LIKE;
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xcalloc__(size_t, size_t) MALLOC_LIKE;
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xzalloc__(size_t) MALLOC_LIKE;
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xrealloc__(void *, size_t);

OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xmalloc_cacheline(size_t) MALLOC_LIKE;
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xzalloc_cacheline(size_t) MALLOC_LIKE;
void free_cacheline(void *);

void ovs_strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size);
void ovs_strzcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size);

int string_ends_with(const char *str, const char *suffix);

OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xmalloc_pagealign(size_t) MALLOC_LIKE;
void free_pagealign(void *);
OVS_RETURNS_NONNULL void *xmalloc_size_align(size_t, size_t) MALLOC_LIKE;
void free_size_align(void *);

/* The C standards say that neither the 'dst' nor 'src' argument to
 * memcpy() may be null, even if 'n' is zero.  This wrapper tolerates
 * the null case. */
static inline void
nullable_memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, size_t n)
{
    if (n) {
        memcpy(dst, src, n);
    }
}

/* The C standards say that the 'dst' argument to memset may not be
 * null, even if 'n' is zero.  This wrapper tolerates the null case. */
static inline void
nullable_memset(void *dst, int c, size_t n)
{
    if (n) {
        memset(dst, c, n);
    }
}

/* Copy string SRC to DST, but no more bytes than the shorter of DST or SRC.
 * DST and SRC must both be char arrays, not pointers, and with GNU C, this
 * raises a compiler error if either DST or SRC is a pointer instead of an
 * array. */
#define ovs_strlcpy_arrays(DST, SRC) \
    ovs_strlcpy(DST, SRC, MIN(ARRAY_SIZE(DST), ARRAY_SIZE(SRC)))

OVS_NO_RETURN void ovs_abort(int err_no, const char *format, ...)
    OVS_PRINTF_FORMAT(2, 3);
OVS_NO_RETURN void ovs_abort_valist(int err_no, const char *format, va_list)
    OVS_PRINTF_FORMAT(2, 0);
OVS_NO_RETURN void ovs_fatal(int err_no, const char *format, ...)
    OVS_PRINTF_FORMAT(2, 3);
OVS_NO_RETURN void ovs_fatal_valist(int err_no, const char *format, va_list)
    OVS_PRINTF_FORMAT(2, 0);
void ovs_error(int err_no, const char *format, ...) OVS_PRINTF_FORMAT(2, 3);
void ovs_error_valist(int err_no, const char *format, va_list)
    OVS_PRINTF_FORMAT(2, 0);
const char *ovs_retval_to_string(int);
const char *ovs_strerror(int);
void ovs_hex_dump(FILE *, const void *, size_t, uintptr_t offset, bool ascii);

bool str_to_int(const char *, int base, int *);
bool str_to_long(const char *, int base, long *);
bool str_to_llong(const char *, int base, long long *);
bool str_to_llong_with_tail(const char *, char **, int base, long long *);
bool str_to_uint(const char *, int base, unsigned int *);
bool str_to_ullong(const char *, int base, unsigned long long *);
bool str_to_llong_range(const char *, int base, long long *, long long *);

bool ovs_scan(const char *s, const char *format, ...) OVS_SCANF_FORMAT(2, 3);
bool ovs_scan_len(const char *s, int *n, const char *format, ...);

bool str_to_double(const char *, double *);

int hexit_value(unsigned char c);
uintmax_t hexits_value(const char *s, size_t n, bool *ok);

int parse_int_string(const char *s, uint8_t *valuep, int field_width,
                     char **tail);

const char *english_list_delimiter(size_t index, size_t total);

char *get_cwd(void);
#ifndef _WIN32
char *dir_name(const char *file_name);
char *base_name(const char *file_name);
#endif
char *abs_file_name(const char *dir, const char *file_name);
bool is_file_name_absolute(const char *);

char *follow_symlinks(const char *filename);

void ignore(bool x OVS_UNUSED);

/* Bitwise tests. */

/* Returns the number of trailing 0-bits in 'n'.  Undefined if 'n' == 0. */
#if __GNUC__ >= 4
static inline int
raw_ctz(uint64_t n)
{
    /* With GCC 4.7 on 32-bit x86, if a 32-bit integer is passed as 'n', using
     * a plain __builtin_ctzll() here always generates an out-of-line function
     * call.  The test below helps it to emit a single 'bsf' instruction. */
    return (__builtin_constant_p(n <= UINT32_MAX) && n <= UINT32_MAX
            ? __builtin_ctz(n)
            : __builtin_ctzll(n));
}

static inline int
raw_clz64(uint64_t n)
{
    return __builtin_clzll(n);
}
#elif _MSC_VER
static inline int
raw_ctz(uint64_t n)
{
#ifdef _WIN64
    unsigned long r = 0;
    _BitScanForward64(&r, n);
    return r;
#else
    unsigned long low = n, high, r = 0;
    if (_BitScanForward(&r, low)) {
        return r;
    }
    high = n >> 32;
    _BitScanForward(&r, high);
    return r + 32;
#endif
}

static inline int
raw_clz64(uint64_t n)
{
#ifdef _WIN64
    unsigned long r = 0;
    _BitScanReverse64(&r, n);
    return 63 - r;
#else
    unsigned long low, high = n >> 32, r = 0;
    if (_BitScanReverse(&r, high)) {
        return 31 - r;
    }
    low = n;
    _BitScanReverse(&r, low);
    return 63 - r;
#endif
}
#else
/* Defined in util.c. */
int raw_ctz(uint64_t n);
int raw_clz64(uint64_t n);
#endif

/* Returns the number of trailing 0-bits in 'n', or 32 if 'n' is 0. */
static inline int
ctz32(uint32_t n)
{
    return n ? raw_ctz(n) : 32;
}

/* Returns the number of trailing 0-bits in 'n', or 64 if 'n' is 0. */
static inline int
ctz64(uint64_t n)
{
    return n ? raw_ctz(n) : 64;
}

/* Returns the number of leading 0-bits in 'n', or 32 if 'n' is 0. */
static inline int
clz32(uint32_t n)
{
    return n ? raw_clz64(n) - 32 : 32;
}

/* Returns the number of leading 0-bits in 'n', or 64 if 'n' is 0. */
static inline int
clz64(uint64_t n)
{
    return n ? raw_clz64(n) : 64;
}

/* Given a word 'n', calculates floor(log_2('n')).  This is equivalent
 * to finding the bit position of the most significant one bit in 'n'.  It is
 * an error to call this function with 'n' == 0. */
static inline int
log_2_floor(uint64_t n)
{
    return 63 - raw_clz64(n);
}

/* Given a word 'n', calculates ceil(log_2('n')).  It is an error to
 * call this function with 'n' == 0. */
static inline int
log_2_ceil(uint64_t n)
{
    return log_2_floor(n) + !is_pow2(n);
}

/* unsigned int count_1bits(uint64_t x):
 *
 * Returns the number of 1-bits in 'x', between 0 and 64 inclusive. */
#if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
static inline unsigned int
count_1bits(uint64_t x)
{
#if (__GNUC__ >= 4 && __POPCNT__) || (defined(__aarch64__) && __GNUC__ >= 7)
    return __builtin_popcountll(x);
#elif defined(__aarch64__) && __GNUC__ >= 6
    return vaddv_u8(vcnt_u8(vcreate_u8(x)));
#else
    /* This portable implementation is the fastest one we know of for 64
     * bits, and about 3x faster than GCC 4.7 __builtin_popcountll(). */
    const uint64_t h55 = UINT64_C(0x5555555555555555);
    const uint64_t h33 = UINT64_C(0x3333333333333333);
    const uint64_t h0F = UINT64_C(0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F);
    const uint64_t h01 = UINT64_C(0x0101010101010101);
    x -= (x >> 1) & h55;               /* Count of each 2 bits in-place. */
    x = (x & h33) + ((x >> 2) & h33);  /* Count of each 4 bits in-place. */
    x = (x + (x >> 4)) & h0F;          /* Count of each 8 bits in-place. */
    return (x * h01) >> 56;            /* Sum of all bytes. */
#endif
}
#else /* Not 64-bit. */
#if __GNUC__ >= 4 && __POPCNT__
static inline unsigned int
count_1bits_32__(uint32_t x)
{
    return __builtin_popcount(x);
}
#else
#define NEED_COUNT_1BITS_8 1
extern const uint8_t count_1bits_8[256];
static inline unsigned int
count_1bits_32__(uint32_t x)
{
    /* This portable implementation is the fastest one we know of for 32 bits,
     * and faster than GCC __builtin_popcount(). */
    return (count_1bits_8[x & 0xff] +
            count_1bits_8[(x >> 8) & 0xff] +
            count_1bits_8[(x >> 16) & 0xff] +
            count_1bits_8[x >> 24]);
}
#endif
static inline unsigned int
count_1bits(uint64_t x)
{
    return count_1bits_32__(x) + count_1bits_32__(x >> 32);
}
#endif

/* Returns the rightmost 1-bit in 'x' (e.g. 01011000 => 00001000), or 0 if 'x'
 * is 0. */
static inline uintmax_t
rightmost_1bit(uintmax_t x)
{
    return x & -x;
}

/* Returns 'x' with its rightmost 1-bit changed to a zero (e.g. 01011000 =>
 * 01010000), or 0 if 'x' is 0. */
static inline uintmax_t
zero_rightmost_1bit(uintmax_t x)
{
    return x & (x - 1);
}

/* Returns the index of the rightmost 1-bit in 'x' (e.g. 01011000 => 3), or an
 * undefined value if 'x' is 0. */
static inline int
rightmost_1bit_idx(uint64_t x)
{
    return ctz64(x);
}

/* Returns the index of the leftmost 1-bit in 'x' (e.g. 01011000 => 6), or an
 * undefined value if 'x' is 0. */
static inline uint32_t
leftmost_1bit_idx(uint64_t x)
{
    return log_2_floor(x);
}

/* Return a ovs_be32 prefix in network byte order with 'plen' highest bits set.
 * Shift with 32 is undefined behavior, but we rather use 64-bit shift than
 * compare. */
static inline ovs_be32 be32_prefix_mask(int plen)
{
    return htonl((uint64_t)UINT32_MAX << (32 - plen));
}

/* Returns true if the 1-bits in 'super' are a superset of the 1-bits in 'sub',
 * false otherwise. */
static inline bool
uint_is_superset(uintmax_t super, uintmax_t sub)
{
    return (super & sub) == sub;
}

/* Returns true if the 1-bits in 'super' are a superset of the 1-bits in 'sub',
 * false otherwise. */
static inline bool
be16_is_superset(ovs_be16 super, ovs_be16 sub)
{
    return (super & sub) == sub;
}

/* Returns true if the 1-bits in 'super' are a superset of the 1-bits in 'sub',
 * false otherwise. */
static inline bool
be32_is_superset(ovs_be32 super, ovs_be32 sub)
{
    return (super & sub) == sub;
}

/* Returns true if the 1-bits in 'super' are a superset of the 1-bits in 'sub',
 * false otherwise. */
static inline bool
be64_is_superset(ovs_be64 super, ovs_be64 sub)
{
    return (super & sub) == sub;
}

bool is_all_zeros(const void *, size_t);
bool is_all_ones(const void *, size_t);
bool is_all_byte(const void *, size_t, uint8_t byte);
void or_bytes(void *dst, const void *src, size_t n);
void bitwise_copy(const void *src, unsigned int src_len, unsigned int src_ofs,
                  void *dst, unsigned int dst_len, unsigned int dst_ofs,
                  unsigned int n_bits);
void bitwise_zero(void *dst_, unsigned int dst_len, unsigned dst_ofs,
                  unsigned int n_bits);
void bitwise_one(void *dst_, unsigned int dst_len, unsigned dst_ofs,
                 unsigned int n_bits);
bool bitwise_is_all_zeros(const void *, unsigned int len, unsigned int ofs,
                          unsigned int n_bits);
unsigned int bitwise_scan(const void *, unsigned int len,
                          bool target, unsigned int start, unsigned int end);
int bitwise_rscan(const void *, unsigned int len, bool target,
                  int start, int end);
void bitwise_put(uint64_t value,
                 void *dst, unsigned int dst_len, unsigned int dst_ofs,
                 unsigned int n_bits);
uint64_t bitwise_get(const void *src, unsigned int src_len,
                     unsigned int src_ofs, unsigned int n_bits);
bool bitwise_get_bit(const void *src, unsigned int len, unsigned int ofs);
void bitwise_put0(void *dst, unsigned int len, unsigned int ofs);
void bitwise_put1(void *dst, unsigned int len, unsigned int ofs);
void bitwise_put_bit(void *dst, unsigned int len, unsigned int ofs, bool);
void bitwise_toggle_bit(void *dst, unsigned int len, unsigned int ofs);

/* Returns non-zero if the parameters have equal value. */
static inline int
ovs_u128_equals(const ovs_u128 a, const ovs_u128 b)
{
    return (a.u64.hi == b.u64.hi) && (a.u64.lo == b.u64.lo);
}

/* Returns true if 'val' is 0. */
static inline bool
ovs_u128_is_zero(const ovs_u128 val)
{
    return !(val.u64.hi || val.u64.lo);
}

/* Returns true if 'val' is all ones. */
static inline bool
ovs_u128_is_ones(const ovs_u128 val)
{
    return ovs_u128_equals(val, OVS_U128_MAX);
}

/* Returns non-zero if the parameters have equal value. */
static inline int
ovs_be128_equals(const ovs_be128 a, const ovs_be128 b)
{
    return (a.be64.hi == b.be64.hi) && (a.be64.lo == b.be64.lo);
}

/* Returns true if 'val' is 0. */
static inline bool
ovs_be128_is_zero(const ovs_be128 val)
{
    return !(val.be64.hi || val.be64.lo);
}

static inline ovs_u128
ovs_u128_and(const ovs_u128 a, const ovs_u128 b)
{
    ovs_u128 dst;

    dst.u64.hi = a.u64.hi & b.u64.hi;
    dst.u64.lo = a.u64.lo & b.u64.lo;

    return dst;
}

static inline bool
ovs_be128_is_superset(ovs_be128 super, ovs_be128 sub)
{
    return (be64_is_superset(super.be64.hi, sub.be64.hi) &&
            be64_is_superset(super.be64.lo, sub.be64.lo));
}

static inline bool
ovs_u128_is_superset(ovs_u128 super, ovs_u128 sub)
{
    return (uint_is_superset(super.u64.hi, sub.u64.hi) &&
            uint_is_superset(super.u64.lo, sub.u64.lo));
}

void xsleep(unsigned int seconds);
void xnanosleep(uint64_t nanoseconds);
void xnanosleep_no_quiesce(uint64_t nanoseconds);
void set_timer_resolution(unsigned long nanoseconds);

bool is_stdout_a_tty(void);

#ifdef _WIN32

char *ovs_format_message(int error);
char *ovs_lasterror_to_string(void);
int ftruncate(int fd, off_t length);
#endif

#ifdef  __cplusplus
}
#endif

#ifdef __linux__
bool ovs_kernel_is_version_or_newer(int target_major, int target_minor);
#endif

#endif /* util.h */

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Created: 2025-07-01 06:51