/src/PcapPlusPlus/Packet++/header/Asn1Codec.h

Source
#pragma once

#include <string>
#include <memory>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <sstream>
#include <chrono>
#include <bitset>
#include "PointerVector.h"

/// @file

/// @namespace pcpp
/// @brief The main namespace for the PcapPlusPlus lib
namespace pcpp
{
  /// An enum for representing ASN.1 tag class
  enum class Asn1TagClass : uint8_t
  {
    /// The Universal tag class
    Universal = 0,
    /// The Application tag class
    Application = 1,
    /// The Context-Specific tag class
    ContextSpecific = 2,
    /// The Private tag class
    Private = 3,
  };

  /// An enum for representing ASN.1 Universal tag types
  enum class Asn1UniversalTagType : uint8_t
  {
    /// The reserved identifier for the End-of-Contents marker in an indefinite length encoding
    EndOfContent = 0,
    /// The universal tag type for Boolean
    Boolean = 1,
    /// The universal tag type for Integer
    Integer = 2,
    /// The universal tag type for Bit String
    BitString = 3,
    /// The universal tag type for Octet String
    OctetString = 4,
    /// The universal tag type for Null
    Null = 5,
    /// The universal tag type for Object Identifier
    ObjectIdentifier = 6,
    /// The universal tag type for Object Descriptor
    ObjectDescriptor = 7,
    /// The universal tag type for External
    External = 8,
    /// The universal tag type for Real
    Real = 9,
    /// The universal tag type for Enumerated
    Enumerated = 10,
    /// The universal tag type for Embedded-PDV
    EmbeddedPDV = 11,
    /// The universal tag type for UTF8 String
    UTF8String = 12,
    /// The universal tag type for Relative Object Identifier
    RelativeObjectIdentifier = 13,
    /// The universal tag type for Time
    Time = 14,
    /// A reserved value
    Reserved = 15,
    /// The universal tag type Sequence
    Sequence = 16,
    /// The universal tag type for Set
    Set = 17,
    /// The universal tag type for Numeric String
    NumericString = 18,
    /// The universal tag type for Printable String
    PrintableString = 19,
    /// The universal tag type for T61String
    T61String = 20,
    /// The universal tag type for Videotex String
    VideotexString = 21,
    /// The universal tag type for IA5String
    IA5String = 22,
    /// The universal tag type for UTC time
    UTCTime = 23,
    /// The universal tag type for Generalized time
    GeneralizedTime = 24,
    /// The universal tag type for GraphicString
    GraphicString = 25,
    /// The universal tag type for VisibleString
    VisibleString = 26,
    /// The universal tag type for GeneralString
    GeneralString = 27,
    /// The universal tag type for UniversalString
    UniversalString = 28,
    /// The universal tag type for CharacterString
    CharacterString = 29,
    /// The universal tag type for BMPString
    BMPString = 30,
    /// The universal tag type for Date
    Date = 31,
    /// The universal tag type for Time of Day
    TimeOfDay = 32,
    /// The universal tag type for Date-Time
    DateTime = 33,
    /// The universal tag type for Duration
    Duration = 34,
    /// The universal tag type for Object Identifier Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI)
    ObjectIdentifierIRI = 35,
    /// The universal tag type for Relative Object Identifier Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI)
    RelativeObjectIdentifierIRI = 36,
    /// A non-applicable value
    NotApplicable = 255
  };

  namespace internal
  {
    /// @enum Asn1LoadPolicy
    /// @brief Policy for when to evaluate (decode) ASN.1 record values.
    /// Determines whether the value is decoded immediately (eager) or on first access (lazy).
    enum class Asn1LoadPolicy
    {
      /// The value is evaluated on first access (lazy decoding).
      Lazy,
      /// The value is evaluated immediately on construction (eager decoding).
      Eager
    };
  }  // namespace internal

  /// @class Asn1Record
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record, as described in ITU-T Recommendation X.680:
  /// <https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.680/en>
  /// <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASN.1>
  class Asn1Record
  {
  public:
    /// A static method to decode a byte array into an Asn1Record
    /// @param data A byte array to decode
    /// @param dataLen The byte array length
    /// @param lazy Use lazy decoding, set to true by default. Lazy decoding entails delaying the decoding
    /// of the record value until it is accessed
    /// @return A smart pointer to the decoded ASN.1 record. If the byte stream is not a valid ASN.1 record
    /// an exception is thrown
    static std::unique_ptr<Asn1Record> decode(const uint8_t* data, size_t dataLen, bool lazy = true);

    /// Encode this record and convert it to a byte stream
    /// @return A vector of bytes representing the record
    std::vector<uint8_t> encode() const;

    /// @return The ASN.1 tag class
    Asn1TagClass getTagClass() const
    {
      return m_TagClass;
    }

    /// @return True if it's a constructed record, or false if it's a primitive record
    bool isConstructed() const
    {
      return m_IsConstructed;
    }

    /// @return The ASN.1 Universal tag type if the record is of class Universal, otherwise
    /// Asn1UniversalTagType#NotApplicable
    Asn1UniversalTagType getUniversalTagType() const;

    /// @return The ASN.1 tag type value
    uint8_t getTagType() const
    {
      return m_TagType;
    }

    /// @return The length of the record value
    size_t getValueLength() const
    {
      return m_ValueLength;
    }

    /// @return The total length of the record
    size_t getTotalLength() const
    {
      return m_TotalLength;
    }

    /// @return A string representation of the record
    std::string toString() const;

    /// A templated method that accepts a class derived from Asn1Record as its template argument and attempts
    /// to cast the current instance to that type
    /// @tparam Asn1RecordType The type to cast to
    /// @return A pointer to the type after casting
    template <class Asn1RecordType> Asn1RecordType* castAs()
    {
      auto result = dynamic_cast<Asn1RecordType*>(this);
      if (result == nullptr)
      {
        throw std::bad_cast();
      }
      return result;
    }

    virtual ~Asn1Record() = default;

  protected:
    Asn1TagClass m_TagClass = Asn1TagClass::Universal;
    bool m_IsConstructed = false;
    uint8_t m_TagType = 0;

    size_t m_ValueLength = 0;
    size_t m_TotalLength = 0;

    Asn1Record() = default;

    /// @brief Decodes the record value from a byte array into the mutable cache variables.
    /// This method is marked as const as it can be called on a const instance of the record for lazy decoding.
    virtual void decodeValue(uint8_t const* data) const = 0;

    /// @brief Encodes the record value into a byte array
    /// Prefer using encodeValueSafe() to ensure the value is decoded first if needed
    virtual std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValue() const = 0;

    /// @brief Encodes the record value into a byte array, ensuring that the value is decoded first if needed
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValueSafe() const
    {
      decodeValueIfNeeded();
      return encodeValue();
    }

    static std::unique_ptr<Asn1Record> decodeTagAndCreateRecord(const uint8_t* data, size_t dataLen,
                                                                uint8_t& tagLen);
    uint8_t decodeLength(const uint8_t* data, size_t dataLen);
    void decodeValueIfNeeded() const;

    uint8_t encodeTag() const;
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeLength() const;

    // note: Requires the value to be decoded first if lazy decoding is used
    virtual std::vector<std::string> toStringList() const;

    friend class Asn1ConstructedRecord;

  private:
    void setEncodedValue(uint8_t const* dataSource,
                         internal::Asn1LoadPolicy loadPolicy = internal::Asn1LoadPolicy::Lazy);

    mutable uint8_t const* m_EncodedValue = nullptr;
  };

  /// @class Asn1GenericRecord
  /// Represents a generic ASN.1 record, either of an unknown type or of a known type that doesn't
  /// have a dedicated parser yet
  class Asn1GenericRecord : public Asn1Record
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a generic record
    /// @param tagClass The record tag class
    /// @param isConstructed A flag to indicate if the record is constructed or primitive
    /// @param tagType The record tag type value
    /// @param value A byte array of the tag value
    /// @param valueLen The length of the value byte array
    Asn1GenericRecord(Asn1TagClass tagClass, bool isConstructed, uint8_t tagType, const uint8_t* value,
                      size_t valueLen);

    /// A constructor to create a generic record
    /// @param tagClass The record tag class
    /// @param isConstructed A flag to indicate if the record is constructed or primitive
    /// @param tagType The record tag type value
    /// @param value A string representing the tag value
    Asn1GenericRecord(Asn1TagClass tagClass, bool isConstructed, uint8_t tagType, const std::string& value);

    ~Asn1GenericRecord() override = default;

    /// @return A pointer to the tag value
    const uint8_t* getValue()
    {
      decodeValueIfNeeded();
      return m_Value.get();
    }

  protected:
    Asn1GenericRecord() = default;

    void decodeValue(uint8_t const* data) const override;
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValue() const override;

  private:
    mutable std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> m_Value = nullptr;

    void init(Asn1TagClass tagClass, bool isConstructed, uint8_t tagType, const uint8_t* value, size_t valueLen);
  };

  /// @class Asn1ConstructedRecord
  /// Represents a constructed ASN.1 record, which is a record that has sub-records
  class Asn1ConstructedRecord : public Asn1Record
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a constructed record
    /// @param tagClass The record tag class
    /// @param tagType The record tag type value
    /// @param subRecords A list of sub-records to assign as the record value
    explicit Asn1ConstructedRecord(Asn1TagClass tagClass, uint8_t tagType,
                                   const std::vector<Asn1Record*>& subRecords);

    /// A constructor to create a constructed record
    /// @param tagClass The record tag class
    /// @param tagType The record tag type value
    /// @param subRecords A PointerVector of sub-records to assign as the record value
    explicit Asn1ConstructedRecord(Asn1TagClass tagClass, uint8_t tagType,
                                   const PointerVector<Asn1Record>& subRecords);

    /// @return A reference to the list of sub-records. It's important to note that any modifications made to
    /// this list will directly affect the internal structure
    PointerVector<Asn1Record>& getSubRecords()
    {
      decodeValueIfNeeded();
      return m_SubRecords;
    };

  protected:
    Asn1ConstructedRecord() = default;

    void decodeValue(uint8_t const* data) const override;
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValue() const override;

    std::vector<std::string> toStringList() const override;

    template <typename Iterator> void init(Asn1TagClass tagClass, uint8_t tagType, Iterator begin, Iterator end)
    {
      m_TagType = tagType;
      m_TagClass = tagClass;
      m_IsConstructed = true;

      size_t recordValueLength = 0;
      for (Iterator recordIter = begin; recordIter != end; ++recordIter)
      {
        auto encodedRecord = (*recordIter)->encode();
        auto copyRecord = Asn1Record::decode(encodedRecord.data(), encodedRecord.size(), LazySubRecordDecoding);
        m_SubRecords.pushBack(std::move(copyRecord));
        recordValueLength += encodedRecord.size();
      }

      m_ValueLength = recordValueLength;
      m_TotalLength = recordValueLength + 1 + (m_ValueLength < 128 ? 1 : 2);
    }

  private:
    // Set to false as there are issues with lazy decoding of sub-records in some cases.
    static constexpr bool LazySubRecordDecoding = false;

    mutable PointerVector<Asn1Record> m_SubRecords;
  };

  /// @class Asn1SequenceRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type Sequence
  class Asn1SequenceRecord : public Asn1ConstructedRecord
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a record of type Sequence
    /// @param subRecords A list of sub-records to assign as the record value
    explicit Asn1SequenceRecord(const std::vector<Asn1Record*>& subRecords);

    /// A constructor to create a record of type Sequence
    /// @param subRecords A PointerVector of sub-records to assign as the record value
    explicit Asn1SequenceRecord(const PointerVector<Asn1Record>& subRecords);

  private:
    Asn1SequenceRecord() = default;
  };

  /// @class Asn1SetRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type Set
  class Asn1SetRecord : public Asn1ConstructedRecord
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a record of type Set
    /// @param subRecords A list of sub-records to assign as the record value
    explicit Asn1SetRecord(const std::vector<Asn1Record*>& subRecords);

    /// A constructor to create a record of type Set
    /// @param subRecords A PointerVector of sub-records to assign as the record value
    explicit Asn1SetRecord(const PointerVector<Asn1Record>& subRecords);

  private:
    Asn1SetRecord() = default;
  };

  /// @class Asn1PrimitiveRecord
  /// Represents a primitive ASN.1 record, meaning a record that doesn't have sub-records.
  /// This is an abstract class that cannot be instantiated
  class Asn1PrimitiveRecord : public Asn1Record
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  protected:
    Asn1PrimitiveRecord() = default;
    explicit Asn1PrimitiveRecord(Asn1UniversalTagType tagType);
  };

  /// @class Asn1IntegerRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type Integer
  class Asn1IntegerRecord : public Asn1PrimitiveRecord
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    template <typename T>
    using EnableIfUnsignedIntegral =
        std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value && std::is_unsigned<T>::value, int>;

    /// A constructor to create a record of type Integer
    /// @param value An integer to set as the record value
    explicit Asn1IntegerRecord(uint64_t value);

    /// A constructor to create a record of type Integer
    /// @param value An integer represented as a hex stream to set as the record value
    /// @throw std::invalid_argument if the value isn't a valid hex stream
    explicit Asn1IntegerRecord(const std::string& value);

    /// @return The integer value of this record
    /// @throw std::invalid_argument if the value doesn't fit the requested integer size
    template <typename T, EnableIfUnsignedIntegral<T> = 0> T getIntValue() const
    {
      decodeValueIfNeeded();
      return m_Value.getInt<T>();
    }

    /// @deprecated This method is deprecated, please use getIntValue()
    PCPP_DEPRECATED("Use getIntValue instead")
    uint32_t getValue()
    {
      return getIntValue<uint32_t>();
    }

    /// Get the integer value of this record as a hex string
    /// @param removeLeadingZeros If true, leading zeros will be removed
    /// @return A hex string representation of the record value
    std::string getValueAsString(bool removeLeadingZeros = false) const
    {
      decodeValueIfNeeded();
      return m_Value.toString(removeLeadingZeros);
    }

  protected:
    Asn1IntegerRecord() = default;

    void decodeValue(uint8_t const* data) const override;
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValue() const override;

    std::vector<std::string> toStringList() const override;

  private:
    class BigInt
    {
    public:
      BigInt() = default;

      template <typename T, EnableIfUnsignedIntegral<T> = 0>
      explicit BigInt(T value) : m_Value(initFromInt(value))
      {}

      explicit BigInt(const std::string& value);
      BigInt(const BigInt& other);

      template <typename T, EnableIfUnsignedIntegral<T> = 0> BigInt& operator=(T value)
      {
        m_Value = initFromInt(value);
        return *this;
      }
      BigInt& operator=(const std::string& value);
      size_t size() const;

      template <typename T, EnableIfUnsignedIntegral<T> = 0> T getInt() const
      {
        if (!canFit<T>())
        {
          throw std::overflow_error("Value cannot fit into requested int type");
        }

        std::stringstream sstream;
        sstream << std::hex << m_Value;

        uint64_t result;
        sstream >> result;
        return static_cast<T>(result);
      }

      template <typename T, EnableIfUnsignedIntegral<T> = 0> bool canFit() const
      {
        return sizeof(T) >= (m_Value.size() + 1) / 2;
      }

      std::string toString(bool removeLeadingZeros = false) const;
      std::vector<uint8_t> toBytes() const;

    private:
      std::string m_Value;

      static std::string initFromString(const std::string& value);

      template <typename T, EnableIfUnsignedIntegral<T> = 0> static std::string initFromInt(T value)
      {
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << std::hex << static_cast<uint64_t>(value);
        return ss.str();
      }
    };

    mutable BigInt m_Value;
  };

  /// @class Asn1EnumeratedRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type Enumerated
  class Asn1EnumeratedRecord : public Asn1IntegerRecord
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a record of type Enumerated
    /// @param value An integer to set as the record value
    explicit Asn1EnumeratedRecord(uint32_t value);

  private:
    Asn1EnumeratedRecord() = default;
  };

  /// @class Asn1StringRecord
  /// An abstract class for representing ASN.1 string records.
  /// This class is not instantiable, users should use the derived classes
  template <Asn1UniversalTagType TagType> class Asn1StringRecord : public Asn1PrimitiveRecord
  {
  public:
    /// @return The string value of this record
    std::string getValue() const
    {
      decodeValueIfNeeded();
      return m_Value;
    };

  protected:
    Asn1StringRecord() : Asn1PrimitiveRecord(TagType)
    {}

    explicit Asn1StringRecord(const std::string& value) : Asn1PrimitiveRecord(TagType), m_Value(value)
    {
      m_ValueLength = value.size();
      m_TotalLength = m_ValueLength + 2;
    }

    void decodeValue(uint8_t const* data) const override
    {
      m_Value = std::string(reinterpret_cast<char const*>(data), m_ValueLength);
    }
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValue() const override
    {
      return { m_Value.begin(), m_Value.end() };
    }

    std::vector<std::string> toStringList() const override
    {
      return { Asn1Record::toStringList().front() + ", Value: " + getValue() };
    }

    mutable std::string m_Value;
  };

  /// @class Asn1OctetStringRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type Octet String
  class Asn1OctetStringRecord : public Asn1StringRecord<Asn1UniversalTagType::OctetString>
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    using Asn1StringRecord::Asn1StringRecord;

    /// A constructor to create a record of type Octet String from a non-printable value
    /// @param value A byte array to set as the record value
    /// @param valueLength The length of the byte array
    explicit Asn1OctetStringRecord(const uint8_t* value, size_t valueLength);

    /// A constructor to create a record from a printable string value
    /// @param value A string to set as the record value
    explicit Asn1OctetStringRecord(const std::string& value) : Asn1StringRecord(value)
    {}

  protected:
    void decodeValue(uint8_t const* data) const override;
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValue() const override;

  private:
    Asn1OctetStringRecord() = default;

    mutable bool m_IsPrintable = true;
  };

  /// @class Asn1UTF8StringRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type UTF8 String
  class Asn1UTF8StringRecord : public Asn1StringRecord<Asn1UniversalTagType::UTF8String>
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a record from a printable string value
    /// @param value A string to set as the record value
    explicit Asn1UTF8StringRecord(const std::string& value) : Asn1StringRecord(value)
    {}

  private:
    Asn1UTF8StringRecord() = default;
  };

  /// @class Asn1PrintableStringRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type Printable String
  class Asn1PrintableStringRecord : public Asn1StringRecord<Asn1UniversalTagType::PrintableString>
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a record from a printable string value
    /// @param value A string to set as the record value
    explicit Asn1PrintableStringRecord(const std::string& value) : Asn1StringRecord(value)
    {}

  private:
    Asn1PrintableStringRecord() = default;
  };

  /// @class Asn1IA5StringRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type IA5 String
  class Asn1IA5StringRecord : public Asn1StringRecord<Asn1UniversalTagType::IA5String>
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a record from a printable string value
    /// @param value A string to set as the record value
    explicit Asn1IA5StringRecord(const std::string& value) : Asn1StringRecord(value)
    {}

  private:
    Asn1IA5StringRecord() = default;
  };

  /// @class Asn1BooleanRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type Boolean
  class Asn1BooleanRecord : public Asn1PrimitiveRecord
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a record of type Boolean
    /// @param value A boolean to set as the record value
    explicit Asn1BooleanRecord(bool value);

    /// @return The boolean value of this record
    bool getValue() const
    {
      decodeValueIfNeeded();
      return m_Value;
    };

  protected:
    void decodeValue(uint8_t const* data) const override;
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValue() const override;

    std::vector<std::string> toStringList() const override;

  private:
    Asn1BooleanRecord() = default;

    mutable bool m_Value = false;
  };

  /// @class Asn1NullRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type Null
  class Asn1NullRecord : public Asn1PrimitiveRecord
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a record of type Null
    Asn1NullRecord();

  protected:
    void decodeValue(uint8_t const* data) const override
    {}
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValue() const override
    {
      return {};
    }
  };

  /// @class Asn1ObjectIdentifier
  /// Represents an ASN.1 Object Identifier (OID).
  class Asn1ObjectIdentifier
  {
    friend class Asn1ObjectIdentifierRecord;

  public:
    /// Construct an OID from an encoded byte buffer
    /// @param[in] data The byte buffer of the encoded OID data
    /// @param[in] dataLen The byte buffer size
    explicit Asn1ObjectIdentifier(const uint8_t* data, size_t dataLen);

    /// Construct an OID from its string representation (e.g., "1.2.840.113549").
    /// @param[in] oidString The string representation of the OID
    /// @throws std::invalid_argument if the string is malformed or contains invalid components
    explicit Asn1ObjectIdentifier(const std::string& oidString);

    /// @return A const reference to the internal vector of components
    const std::vector<uint32_t>& getComponents() const
    {
      return m_Components;
    }

    /// Equality operator to compare two OIDs
    /// @param[in] other Another Asn1ObjectIdentifier instance
    bool operator==(const Asn1ObjectIdentifier& other) const
    {
      return m_Components == other.m_Components;
    }

    /// Inequality operator to compare two OIDs
    /// @param[in] other Another Asn1ObjectIdentifier instance
    bool operator!=(const Asn1ObjectIdentifier& other) const
    {
      return m_Components != other.m_Components;
    }

    /// Convert the OID to its string representation (e.g., "1.2.840.113549")
    /// @return A string representing the OID
    std::string toString() const;

    /// Encode the OID to a byte buffer
    /// @return A byte buffer containing the encoded OID value
    std::vector<uint8_t> toBytes() const;

    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Asn1ObjectIdentifier& oid)
    {
      return os << oid.toString();
    }

  protected:
    Asn1ObjectIdentifier() = default;

  private:
    std::vector<uint32_t> m_Components;
  };

  /// @class Asn1ObjectIdentifierRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type ObjectIdentifier
  class Asn1ObjectIdentifierRecord : public Asn1PrimitiveRecord
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a ObjectIdentifier record
    /// @param[in] value The ObjectIdentifier (OID) to set as the record value
    explicit Asn1ObjectIdentifierRecord(const Asn1ObjectIdentifier& value);

    /// @return The OID value of this record
    const Asn1ObjectIdentifier& getValue() const
    {
      decodeValueIfNeeded();
      return m_Value;
    }

  protected:
    void decodeValue(uint8_t const* data) const override;
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValue() const override;

    std::vector<std::string> toStringList() const override;

  private:
    mutable Asn1ObjectIdentifier m_Value;

    Asn1ObjectIdentifierRecord() = default;
  };

  /// @class Asn1TimeRecord
  /// An abstract class for representing ASN.1 time records (UTCTime and GeneralizedTime).
  /// This class is not instantiable, users should use either Asn1UtcTimeRecord or Asn1GeneralizedTimeRecord
  class Asn1TimeRecord : public Asn1PrimitiveRecord
  {
  public:
    /// @param[in] timezone A timezone string - should be in the format of "Z" for UTC or +=HHMM for other
    /// timezones. The default value is UTC
    /// @return The time-point value of this record
    /// @throws std::invalid_argument if timezone is not in the correct format
    std::chrono::system_clock::time_point getValue(const std::string& timezone = "Z") const
    {
      decodeValueIfNeeded();
      return adjustTimezones(m_Value, "Z", timezone);
    };

    /// @param[in] format Requested value format
    /// @param[in] timezone A timezone string - should be in the format of "Z" for UTC or +=HHMM for other
    /// timezones. The default value is UTC
    /// @param[in] includeMilliseconds Should Include milliseconds in the returned string
    /// @return The value as string
    /// @throws std::invalid_argument if timezone is not in the correct format
    std::string getValueAsString(const std::string& format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", const std::string& timezone = "Z",
                                 bool includeMilliseconds = false) const;

  protected:
    Asn1TimeRecord() = default;
    explicit Asn1TimeRecord(Asn1UniversalTagType tagType, const std::chrono::system_clock::time_point& value,
                            const std::string& timezone);

    mutable std::chrono::system_clock::time_point m_Value;

    std::vector<std::string> toStringList() const override;

    static void validateTimezone(const std::string& timezone);
    static std::chrono::system_clock::time_point adjustTimezones(const std::chrono::system_clock::time_point& value,
                                                                 const std::string& fromTimezone,
                                                                 const std::string& toTimezone);
  };

  /// @class Asn1UtcTimeRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type UTCTime
  class Asn1UtcTimeRecord : public Asn1TimeRecord
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a record of type UTC time
    /// @param[in] value A time-point to set as the record value
    /// @param[in] withSeconds Should write the ASN.1 record with second precision. The default is true
    explicit Asn1UtcTimeRecord(const std::chrono::system_clock::time_point& value, bool withSeconds = true);

  protected:
    void decodeValue(uint8_t const* data) const override;
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValue() const override;

  private:
    Asn1UtcTimeRecord() = default;
    mutable bool m_WithSeconds = true;
  };

  /// @class Asn1GeneralizedTimeRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type GeneralizedTime
  class Asn1GeneralizedTimeRecord : public Asn1TimeRecord
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a record of type generalized time
    /// @param[in] value A time-point to set as the record value
    /// @param[in] timezone The time-point's timezone - should be in the format of "Z" for UTC or +=HHMM for other
    /// timezones. If not provided it's assumed the timezone is UTC
    /// @throws std::invalid_argument if timezone is not in the correct format
    explicit Asn1GeneralizedTimeRecord(const std::chrono::system_clock::time_point& value,
                                       const std::string& timezone = "Z");

  protected:
    void decodeValue(uint8_t const* data) const override;
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValue() const override;

  private:
    Asn1GeneralizedTimeRecord() = default;
    mutable std::string m_Timezone;
  };

  /// @class Asn1BitStringRecord
  /// Represents an ASN.1 record with a value of type BitString
  class Asn1BitStringRecord : public Asn1PrimitiveRecord
  {
    friend class Asn1Record;

  public:
    /// A constructor to create a record of type BitString
    /// @param value A bit string to set as the record value
    /// @throw std::invalid_argument if the string is not a valid bit string
    explicit Asn1BitStringRecord(const std::string& value);

    /// @return The bit string value of this record
    std::string getValue()
    {
      decodeValueIfNeeded();
      return m_Value.toString();
    };

    /// @return The byte vector value of this record
    std::vector<uint8_t> getVecValue()
    {
      decodeValueIfNeeded();
      return m_Value.toBytes();
    }

  protected:
    void decodeValue(uint8_t const* data) const override;
    std::vector<uint8_t> encodeValue() const override;

    std::vector<std::string> toStringList() const override;

  private:
    class BitSet
    {
    public:
      BitSet() = default;
      explicit BitSet(const std::string& value);
      BitSet(const uint8_t* data, size_t numBits);

      BitSet& operator=(const std::string& value);

      size_t sizeInBytes() const;
      std::string toString() const;
      std::vector<uint8_t> toBytes() const;
      size_t getNumBits() const
      {
        return m_NumBits;
      }

    private:
      void initFromString(const std::string& value);

      std::vector<std::bitset<8>> m_Data;
      size_t m_NumBits = 0;
    };

    Asn1BitStringRecord() = default;

    mutable BitSet m_Value;
  };
}  // namespace pcpp

Coverage Report

Created: 2026-09-28 07:37