/src/php-src/ext/standard/proc_open.c

Source
/*
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Copyright © The PHP Group and Contributors.                          |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | This source file is subject to the Modified BSD License that is      |
   | bundled with this package in the file LICENSE, and is available      |
   | through the World Wide Web at <https://www.php.net/license/>.        |
   |                                                                      |
   | SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause                                |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Author: Wez Furlong <wez@thebrainroom.com>                           |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 */

#include "php.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include "ext/standard/basic_functions.h"
#include "ext/standard/file.h"
#include "exec.h"
#include "SAPI.h"
#include "main/php_network.h"
#include "zend_smart_str.h"
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
# include "win32/sockets.h"
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
#include <sys/wait.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_POSIX_SPAWN_FILE_ACTIONS_ADDCHDIR_NP) || defined(HAVE_POSIX_SPAWN_FILE_ACTIONS_ADDCHDIR)
/* Only defined on glibc >= 2.29, FreeBSD CURRENT, musl >= 1.1.24,
 * MacOS Catalina or later..
 * It should be possible to modify this so it is also
 * used in older systems when $cwd == NULL but care must be taken
 * as at least glibc < 2.24 has a legacy implementation known
 * to be really buggy.
 */
#include <spawn.h>
#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
#endif
#define USE_POSIX_SPAWN

/* The non-_np variant is in macOS 26 (and _np deprecated). On Apple, it has to be selected by the
 * deployment target rather than the configure check: the link check passes whenever the SDK
 * exports the symbol even if the running system is older, in which case the weakly linked
 * reference resolves to NULL at runtime. */
#if defined(__APPLE__) && MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= 260000
#define POSIX_SPAWN_FILE_ACTIONS_ADDCHDIR posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
#define POSIX_SPAWN_FILE_ACTIONS_ADDCHDIR posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np
#elif defined(HAVE_POSIX_SPAWN_FILE_ACTIONS_ADDCHDIR)
#define POSIX_SPAWN_FILE_ACTIONS_ADDCHDIR posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir
#else
#define POSIX_SPAWN_FILE_ACTIONS_ADDCHDIR posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np
#endif
#endif

/* This symbol is defined in ext/standard/config.m4.
 * Essentially, it is set if you HAVE_FORK || PHP_WIN32
 * Other platforms may modify that configure check and add suitable #ifdefs
 * around the alternate code. */
#ifdef PHP_CAN_SUPPORT_PROC_OPEN

#ifdef HAVE_OPENPTY
# ifdef HAVE_PTY_H
#  include <pty.h>
# elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
/* FreeBSD defines `openpty` in <libutil.h> */
#  include <libutil.h>
# elif defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
/* On recent NetBSD/DragonFlyBSD releases the emalloc, estrdup ... calls had been introduced in libutil */
#  if defined(__NetBSD__)
#    include <sys/termios.h>
#  else
#    include <termios.h>
#  endif
extern int openpty(int *, int *, char *, struct termios *, struct winsize *);
# elif defined(__sun)
#    include <termios.h>
# else
/* Mac OS X (and some BSDs) define `openpty` in <util.h> */
#  include <util.h>
# endif
#elif defined(__sun)
# include <fcntl.h>
# include <stropts.h>
# include <termios.h>
# define HAVE_OPENPTY 1

/* Solaris before version 11.4 and Illumos do not have any openpty implementation */
int openpty(int *master, int *slave, char *name, struct termios *termp, struct winsize *winp)
{
  int fd, sd;
  const char *slaveid;

  assert(master);
  assert(slave);

  sd = *master = *slave = -1;
  fd = open("/dev/ptmx", O_NOCTTY|O_RDWR);
  if (fd == -1) {
    return -1;
  }
  /* Checking if we can have to the pseudo terminal */
  if (grantpt(fd) != 0 || unlockpt(fd) != 0) {
    goto fail;
  }
  slaveid = ptsname(fd);
  if (!slaveid) {
    goto fail;
  }

  /* Getting the slave path and pushing pseudo terminal */
  sd = open(slaveid, O_NOCTTY|O_RDONLY);
  if (sd == -1 || ioctl(sd, I_PUSH, "ptem") == -1) {
    goto fail;
  }
  if (termp) {
    if (tcgetattr(sd, termp) < 0) {
      goto fail;
    }
  }
  if (winp) {
    if (ioctl(sd, TIOCSWINSZ, winp) == -1) {
      goto fail;
    }
  }

  *slave = sd;
  *master = fd;
  return 0;
fail:
  if (sd != -1) {
    close(sd);
  }
  if (fd != -1) {
    close(fd);
  }
  return -1;
}
#endif

#include "proc_open.h"

static int le_proc_open; /* Resource number for `proc` resources */

/* {{{ php_array_to_envp
 * Process the `environment` argument to `proc_open`
 * Convert into data structures which can be passed to underlying OS APIs like `exec` on POSIX or
 * `CreateProcessW` on Win32 */
ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_NONNULL static php_process_env php_array_to_envp(const HashTable *environment)
{
  zval *element;
  php_process_env env;
  zend_string *key, *str;
#ifndef PHP_WIN32
  char **ep;
#endif
  char *p;
  size_t sizeenv = 0;
  HashTable *env_hash; /* temporary PHP array used as helper */

  memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));

  uint32_t cnt = zend_hash_num_elements(environment);

  if (cnt == 0) {
#ifndef PHP_WIN32
    env.envarray = (char **) ecalloc(1, sizeof(char *));
#endif
    env.envp = (char *) ecalloc(4, 1);
    return env;
  }

  ALLOC_HASHTABLE(env_hash);
  zend_hash_init(env_hash, cnt, NULL, NULL, 0);

  /* first, we have to get the size of all the elements in the hash */
  ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_STR_KEY_VAL(environment, key, element) {
    str = zval_get_string(element);

    if (ZSTR_LEN(str) == 0) {
      zend_string_release_ex(str, 0);
      continue;
    }

    sizeenv += ZSTR_LEN(str) + 1;

    if (key && ZSTR_LEN(key)) {
      sizeenv += ZSTR_LEN(key) + 1;
      zend_hash_add_ptr(env_hash, key, str);
    } else {
      zend_hash_next_index_insert_ptr(env_hash, str);
    }
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();

#ifndef PHP_WIN32
  ep = env.envarray = (char **) ecalloc(cnt + 1, sizeof(char *));
#endif
  p = env.envp = (char *) ecalloc(sizeenv + 4, 1);

  ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_STR_KEY_PTR(env_hash, key, str) {
#ifndef PHP_WIN32
    *ep = p;
    ++ep;
#endif

    if (key) {
      p = zend_mempcpy(p, ZSTR_VAL(key), ZSTR_LEN(key));
      *p++ = '=';
    }

    p = zend_mempcpy(p, ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str));
    *p++ = '\0';
    zend_string_release_ex(str, 0);
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();

  assert((uint32_t)(p - env.envp) <= sizeenv);

  zend_hash_destroy(env_hash);
  FREE_HASHTABLE(env_hash);

  return env;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ _php_free_envp
 * Free the structures allocated by php_array_to_envp */
static void _php_free_envp(php_process_env env)
{
#ifndef PHP_WIN32
  if (env.envarray) {
    efree(env.envarray);
  }
#endif
  if (env.envp) {
    efree(env.envp);
  }
}
/* }}} */

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
static pid_t waitpid_cached(php_process_handle *proc, int *wait_status, int options)
{
  if (proc->has_cached_exit_wait_status) {
    *wait_status = proc->cached_exit_wait_status_value;
    return proc->child;
  }

  pid_t wait_pid = waitpid(proc->child, wait_status, options);

  /* The "exit" status is the final status of the process.
   * If we were to cache the status unconditionally,
   * we would return stale statuses in the future after the process continues. */
  if (wait_pid > 0 && WIFEXITED(*wait_status)) {
    proc->has_cached_exit_wait_status = true;
    proc->cached_exit_wait_status_value = *wait_status;
  }

  return wait_pid;
}
#endif

/* {{{ proc_open_rsrc_dtor
 * Free `proc` resource, either because all references to it were dropped or because `pclose` or
 * `proc_close` were called */
static void proc_open_rsrc_dtor(zend_resource *rsrc)
{
  php_process_handle *proc = (php_process_handle*)rsrc->ptr;
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  DWORD wstatus;
#elif defined(HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H)
  int wstatus;
  int waitpid_options = 0;
  pid_t wait_pid;
#endif

  /* Close all handles to avoid a deadlock */
  for (int i = 0; i < proc->npipes; i++) {
    if (proc->pipes[i] != NULL) {
      GC_DELREF(proc->pipes[i]);
      zend_list_close(proc->pipes[i]);
      proc->pipes[i] = NULL;
    }
  }

  /* `pclose_wait` tells us: Are we freeing this resource because `pclose` or `proc_close` were
   * called? If so, we need to wait until the child process exits, because its exit code is
   * needed as the return value of those functions.
   * But if we're freeing the resource because of GC, don't wait. */
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  if (FG(pclose_wait)) {
    WaitForSingleObject(proc->childHandle, INFINITE);
  }
  GetExitCodeProcess(proc->childHandle, &wstatus);
  if (wstatus == STILL_ACTIVE) {
    FG(pclose_ret) = -1;
  } else {
    FG(pclose_ret) = wstatus;
  }
  CloseHandle(proc->childHandle);

#elif defined(HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H)
  if (!FG(pclose_wait)) {
    waitpid_options = WNOHANG;
  }
  do {
    wait_pid = waitpid_cached(proc, &wstatus, waitpid_options);
  } while (wait_pid == -1 && errno == EINTR);

  if (wait_pid <= 0) {
    FG(pclose_ret) = -1;
  } else {
    if (WIFEXITED(wstatus)) {
      wstatus = WEXITSTATUS(wstatus);
    }
    FG(pclose_ret) = wstatus;
  }

#else
  FG(pclose_ret) = -1;
#endif

  _php_free_envp(proc->env);
  efree(proc->pipes);
  zend_string_release_ex(proc->command, false);
  efree(proc);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(proc_open) */
PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(proc_open)
{
  le_proc_open = zend_register_list_destructors_ex(proc_open_rsrc_dtor, NULL, "process",
    module_number);
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Kill a process opened by `proc_open` */
PHP_FUNCTION(proc_terminate)
{
  zval *zproc;
  php_process_handle *proc;
  zend_long sig_no = SIGTERM;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
    Z_PARAM_RESOURCE(zproc)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_LONG(sig_no)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  proc = (php_process_handle*)zend_fetch_resource(Z_RES_P(zproc), "process", le_proc_open);
  if (proc == NULL) {
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  RETURN_BOOL(TerminateProcess(proc->childHandle, 255));
#else
  RETURN_BOOL(kill(proc->child, sig_no) == 0);
#endif
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Close a process opened by `proc_open` */
PHP_FUNCTION(proc_close)
{
  zval *zproc;
  php_process_handle *proc;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_RESOURCE(zproc)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  proc = (php_process_handle*)zend_fetch_resource(Z_RES_P(zproc), "process", le_proc_open);
  if (proc == NULL) {
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  FG(pclose_wait) = 1; /* See comment in `proc_open_rsrc_dtor` */
  zend_list_close(Z_RES_P(zproc));
  FG(pclose_wait) = 0;
  RETURN_LONG(FG(pclose_ret));
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ Get information about a process opened by `proc_open` */
PHP_FUNCTION(proc_get_status)
{
  zval *zproc;
  php_process_handle *proc;
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  DWORD wstatus;
#elif defined(HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H)
  int wstatus;
  pid_t wait_pid;
#endif
  bool running = 1, signaled = 0, stopped = 0;
  int exitcode = -1, termsig = 0, stopsig = 0;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
    Z_PARAM_RESOURCE(zproc)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  proc = (php_process_handle*)zend_fetch_resource(Z_RES_P(zproc), "process", le_proc_open);
  if (proc == NULL) {
    RETURN_THROWS();
  }

  array_init(return_value);
  add_assoc_str(return_value, "command", zend_string_copy(proc->command));
  add_assoc_long(return_value, "pid", (zend_long)proc->child);

#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  GetExitCodeProcess(proc->childHandle, &wstatus);
  running = wstatus == STILL_ACTIVE;
  exitcode = running ? -1 : wstatus;

  /* The status is always available on Windows and will always read the same,
   * even if the child has already exited. This is because the result stays available
   * until the child handle is closed. Hence no caching is used on Windows. */
  add_assoc_bool(return_value, "cached", false);
#elif defined(HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H)
  wait_pid = waitpid_cached(proc, &wstatus, WNOHANG|WUNTRACED);

  if (wait_pid == proc->child) {
    if (WIFEXITED(wstatus)) {
      running = 0;
      exitcode = WEXITSTATUS(wstatus);
    }
    if (WIFSIGNALED(wstatus)) {
      running = 0;
      signaled = 1;
      termsig = WTERMSIG(wstatus);
    }
    if (WIFSTOPPED(wstatus)) {
      stopped = 1;
      stopsig = WSTOPSIG(wstatus);
    }
  } else if (wait_pid == -1) {
    /* The only error which could occur here is ECHILD, which means that the PID we were
     * looking for either does not exist or is not a child of this process */
    running = 0;
  }

  add_assoc_bool(return_value, "cached", proc->has_cached_exit_wait_status);
#endif

  add_assoc_bool(return_value, "running", running);
  add_assoc_bool(return_value, "signaled", signaled);
  add_assoc_bool(return_value, "stopped", stopped);
  add_assoc_long(return_value, "exitcode", exitcode);
  add_assoc_long(return_value, "termsig", termsig);
  add_assoc_long(return_value, "stopsig", stopsig);
}
/* }}} */

#ifdef PHP_WIN32

/* We use this to allow child processes to inherit handles
 * One static instance can be shared and used for all calls to `proc_open`, since the values are
 * never changed */
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES php_proc_open_security = {
  .nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES),
  .lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL,
  .bInheritHandle = TRUE
};

# define pipe(pair)   (CreatePipe(&pair[0], &pair[1], &php_proc_open_security, 0) ? 0 : -1)

# define COMSPEC_NT "cmd.exe"

static inline HANDLE dup_handle(HANDLE src, BOOL inherit, BOOL closeorig)
{
  HANDLE copy, self = GetCurrentProcess();

  if (!DuplicateHandle(self, src, self, &copy, 0, inherit, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS |
        (closeorig ? DUPLICATE_CLOSE_SOURCE : 0)))
    return NULL;
  return copy;
}

static inline HANDLE dup_fd_as_handle(int fd)
{
  return dup_handle((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd), TRUE, FALSE);
}

# define close_descriptor(fd) CloseHandle(fd)
#else /* !PHP_WIN32 */
# define close_descriptor(fd) close(fd)
#endif

/* Determines the type of a descriptor item. */
typedef enum _descriptor_type {
  DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STD,
  DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_PIPE,
  DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SOCKET
} descriptor_type;

/* One instance of this struct is created for each item in `$descriptorspec` argument to `proc_open`
 * They are used within `proc_open` and freed before it returns */
typedef struct _descriptorspec_item {
  int index;                       /* desired FD # in child process */
  descriptor_type type;
  php_file_descriptor_t childend;  /* FD # opened for use in child
                                    * (will be copied to `index` in child) */
  php_file_descriptor_t parentend; /* FD # opened for use in parent
                                    * (for pipes only; will be 0 otherwise) */
  int mode_flags;                  /* mode for opening FDs: r/o, r/w, binary (on Win32), etc */
} descriptorspec_item;

static zend_string *get_valid_arg_string(zval *zv, uint32_t elem_num) {
  zend_string *str = zval_try_get_string(zv);
  if (!str) {
    return NULL;
  }

  if (elem_num == 1 && ZSTR_LEN(str) == 0) {
    zend_value_error("First element must contain a non-empty program name");
    zend_string_release(str);
    return NULL;
  }

  if (zend_str_has_nul_byte(str)) {
    zend_value_error("Command array element %d contains a null byte", elem_num);
    zend_string_release(str);
    return NULL;
  }

  return str;
}

#ifdef PHP_WIN32
static void append_backslashes(smart_str *str, size_t num_bs)
{
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_bs; i++) {
    smart_str_appendc(str, '\\');
  }
}

const char *special_chars = "()!^\"<>&|%";

static bool is_special_character_present(const zend_string *arg)
{
  for (size_t i = 0; i < ZSTR_LEN(arg); ++i) {
    if (strchr(special_chars, ZSTR_VAL(arg)[i]) != NULL) {
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

/* See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/cpp/parsing-cpp-command-line-arguments and
 * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/twistylittlepassagesallalike/everyone-quotes-command-line-arguments-the-wrong-way */
static void append_win_escaped_arg(smart_str *str, zend_string *arg, bool is_cmd_argument)
{
  size_t num_bs = 0;
  bool has_special_character = false;

  if (is_cmd_argument) {
    has_special_character = is_special_character_present(arg);
    if (has_special_character) {
      /* Escape double quote with ^ if executed by cmd.exe. */
      smart_str_appendc(str, '^');
    }
  }
  smart_str_appendc(str, '"');
  for (size_t i = 0; i < ZSTR_LEN(arg); ++i) {
    char c = ZSTR_VAL(arg)[i];
    if (c == '\\') {
      num_bs++;
      continue;
    }

    if (c == '"') {
      /* Backslashes before " need to be doubled. */
      num_bs = num_bs * 2 + 1;
    }
    append_backslashes(str, num_bs);
    if (has_special_character && strchr(special_chars, c) != NULL) {
      /* Escape special chars with ^ if executed by cmd.exe. */
      smart_str_appendc(str, '^');
    }
    smart_str_appendc(str, c);
    num_bs = 0;
  }
  append_backslashes(str, num_bs * 2);
  if (has_special_character) {
    /* Escape double quote with ^ if executed by cmd.exe. */
    smart_str_appendc(str, '^');
  }
  smart_str_appendc(str, '"');
}

static bool is_executed_by_cmd(const char *prog_name, size_t prog_name_length)
{
    size_t out_len;
    WCHAR long_name[MAX_PATH];
    WCHAR full_name[MAX_PATH];
    LPWSTR file_part = NULL;

    wchar_t *prog_name_wide = php_win32_cp_conv_any_to_w(prog_name, prog_name_length, &out_len);

    if (GetLongPathNameW(prog_name_wide, long_name, MAX_PATH) == 0) {
        /* This can fail for example with ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND (short path resolution only works for existing files)
         * in which case we'll pass the path verbatim to the FullPath transformation. */
        lstrcpynW(long_name, prog_name_wide, MAX_PATH);
    }

    free(prog_name_wide);
    prog_name_wide = NULL;

    if (GetFullPathNameW(long_name, MAX_PATH, full_name, &file_part) == 0 || file_part == NULL) {
        return false;
    }

    bool uses_cmd = false;
    if (_wcsicmp(file_part, L"cmd.exe") == 0 || _wcsicmp(file_part, L"cmd") == 0) {
        uses_cmd = true;
    } else {
        const WCHAR *extension_dot = wcsrchr(file_part, L'.');
        if (extension_dot && (_wcsicmp(extension_dot, L".bat") == 0 || _wcsicmp(extension_dot, L".cmd") == 0)) {
            uses_cmd = true;
        }
    }

    return uses_cmd;
}

static zend_string *create_win_command_from_args(HashTable *args)
{
  smart_str str = {0};
  zval *arg_zv;
  bool is_prog_name = true;
  bool is_cmd_execution = false;
  uint32_t elem_num = 0;

  ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(args, arg_zv) {
    zend_string *arg_str = get_valid_arg_string(arg_zv, ++elem_num);
    if (!arg_str) {
      smart_str_free(&str);
      return NULL;
    }

    if (is_prog_name) {
      is_cmd_execution = is_executed_by_cmd(ZSTR_VAL(arg_str), ZSTR_LEN(arg_str));
    } else {
      smart_str_appendc(&str, ' ');
    }

    append_win_escaped_arg(&str, arg_str, !is_prog_name && is_cmd_execution);

    is_prog_name = false;
    zend_string_release(arg_str);
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
  smart_str_0(&str);
  return str.s;
}

/* Get a boolean option from the `other_options` array which can be passed to `proc_open`.
 * (Currently, all options apply on Windows only.) */
static bool get_option(zval *other_options, char *opt_name, size_t opt_name_len)
{
  HashTable *opt_ary = Z_ARRVAL_P(other_options);
  zval *item = zend_hash_str_find_deref(opt_ary, opt_name, opt_name_len);
  return item != NULL &&
    (Z_TYPE_P(item) == IS_TRUE ||
    ((Z_TYPE_P(item) == IS_LONG) && Z_LVAL_P(item)));
}

/* Initialize STARTUPINFOW struct, used on Windows when spawning a process.
 * Ref: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/ns-processthreadsapi-startupinfow */
static void init_startup_info(STARTUPINFOW *si, descriptorspec_item *descriptors, int ndesc)
{
  memset(si, 0, sizeof(STARTUPINFOW));
  si->cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFOW);
  si->dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;

  si->hStdInput  = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
  si->hStdOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
  si->hStdError  = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);

  /* redirect stdin/stdout/stderr if requested */
  for (int i = 0; i < ndesc; i++) {
    switch (descriptors[i].index) {
      case 0:
        si->hStdInput = descriptors[i].childend;
        break;
      case 1:
        si->hStdOutput = descriptors[i].childend;
        break;
      case 2:
        si->hStdError = descriptors[i].childend;
        break;
    }
  }
}

static void init_process_info(PROCESS_INFORMATION *pi)
{
  memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
}

/* on success, returns length of *comspec, which then needs to be efree'd by caller */
static size_t find_comspec_nt(wchar_t **comspec)
{
  zend_string *path = NULL;
  wchar_t *pathw = NULL;
  wchar_t *bufp = NULL;
  DWORD buflen = MAX_PATH, len = 0;

  path = php_getenv("PATH", 4);
  if (path == NULL) {
    goto out;
  }
  pathw = php_win32_cp_any_to_w(ZSTR_VAL(path));
  if (pathw == NULL) {
    goto out;
  }
  bufp = emalloc(buflen * sizeof(wchar_t));
  do {
    /* the first call to SearchPathW() fails if the buffer is too small,
     * what is unlikely but possible; to avoid an explicit second call to
     * SeachPathW() and the error handling, we're looping */
    len = SearchPathW(pathw, L"cmd.exe", NULL, buflen, bufp, NULL);
    if (len == 0) {
      goto out;
    }
    if (len < buflen) {
      break;
    }
    buflen = len;
    bufp = erealloc(bufp, buflen * sizeof(wchar_t));
  } while (1);
  *comspec = bufp;

out:
  if (path != NULL) {
    zend_string_release(path);
  }
  if (pathw != NULL) {
    free(pathw);
  }
  if (bufp != NULL && bufp != *comspec) {
    efree(bufp);
  }
  return len;
}

static zend_result convert_command_to_use_shell(wchar_t **cmdw, size_t cmdw_len)
{
  wchar_t *comspec;
  size_t len = find_comspec_nt(&comspec);
  if (len == 0) {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Command conversion failed");
    return FAILURE;
  }
  len += sizeof(" /s /c ") + cmdw_len + 3;
  wchar_t *cmdw_shell = (wchar_t *)malloc(len * sizeof(wchar_t));

  if (cmdw_shell == NULL) {
    efree(comspec);
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Command conversion failed");
    return FAILURE;
  }

  if (_snwprintf(cmdw_shell, len, L"%s /s /c \"%s\"", comspec, *cmdw) == -1) {
    efree(comspec);
    free(cmdw_shell);
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Command conversion failed");
    return FAILURE;
  }

  efree(comspec);
  free(*cmdw);
  *cmdw = cmdw_shell;

  return SUCCESS;
}
#endif

#ifndef PHP_WIN32
/* Convert command parameter array passed as first argument to `proc_open` into command string */
static zend_string* get_command_from_array(const HashTable *array, char ***argv, uint32_t num_elems)
{
  zval *arg_zv;
  zend_string *command = NULL;
  uint32_t i = 0;

  *argv = safe_emalloc(sizeof(char *), num_elems + 1, 0);

  ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(array, arg_zv) {
    zend_string *arg_str = get_valid_arg_string(arg_zv, i + 1);
    if (!arg_str) {
      /* Terminate with NULL so exit_fail code knows how many entries to free */
      (*argv)[i] = NULL;
      if (command != NULL) {
        zend_string_release_ex(command, false);
      }
      return NULL;
    }

    if (i == 0) {
      command = zend_string_copy(arg_str);
    }

    (*argv)[i++] = estrdup(ZSTR_VAL(arg_str));
    zend_string_release(arg_str);
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();

  (*argv)[i] = NULL;
  return command;
}
#endif

static descriptorspec_item* alloc_descriptor_array(const HashTable *descriptorspec)
{
  uint32_t ndescriptors = zend_hash_num_elements(descriptorspec);
  return ecalloc(ndescriptors, sizeof(descriptorspec_item));
}

static zend_string* get_string_parameter(const HashTable *ht, unsigned int index, const char *param_name)
{
  zval *array_item;
  if ((array_item = zend_hash_index_find(ht, index)) == NULL) {
    zend_value_error("Missing %s", param_name);
    return NULL;
  }
  return zval_try_get_string(array_item);
}

static zend_result set_proc_descriptor_to_blackhole(descriptorspec_item *desc)
{
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  desc->childend = CreateFileA("nul", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
    FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
  if (desc->childend == NULL) {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Failed to open nul");
    return FAILURE;
  }
#else
  desc->childend = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
  if (desc->childend < 0) {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Failed to open /dev/null: %s", strerror(errno));
    return FAILURE;
  }
#endif
  return SUCCESS;
}

static zend_result set_proc_descriptor_to_pty(descriptorspec_item *desc, int *master_fd, int *slave_fd)
{
#ifdef HAVE_OPENPTY
  /* All FDs set to PTY in the child process will go to the slave end of the same PTY.
   * Likewise, all the corresponding entries in `$pipes` in the parent will all go to the master
   * end of the same PTY.
   * If this is the first descriptorspec set to 'pty', find an available PTY and get master and
   * slave FDs. */
  if (*master_fd == -1) {
    if (openpty(master_fd, slave_fd, NULL, NULL, NULL)) {
      php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Could not open PTY (pseudoterminal): %s", strerror(errno));
      return FAILURE;
    }
  }

  desc->type       = DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_PIPE;
  desc->childend   = dup(*slave_fd);
  desc->parentend  = dup(*master_fd);
  desc->mode_flags = O_RDWR;
  return SUCCESS;
#else
  php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "PTY (pseudoterminal) not supported on this system");
  return FAILURE;
#endif
}

/* Mark the descriptor close-on-exec, so it won't be inherited by children */
static php_file_descriptor_t make_descriptor_cloexec(php_file_descriptor_t fd)
{
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  return dup_handle(fd, FALSE, TRUE);
#else
#if defined(F_SETFD) && defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
  fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
#endif
  return fd;
#endif
}

static zend_result set_proc_descriptor_to_pipe(descriptorspec_item *desc, zend_string *zmode)
{
  php_file_descriptor_t newpipe[2];

  if (pipe(newpipe)) {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Unable to create pipe %s", strerror(errno));
    return FAILURE;
  }

  desc->type = DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_PIPE;

  if (!zend_string_starts_with_literal(zmode, "w")) {
    desc->parentend = newpipe[1];
    desc->childend = newpipe[0];
    desc->mode_flags = O_WRONLY;
  } else {
    desc->parentend = newpipe[0];
    desc->childend = newpipe[1];
    desc->mode_flags = O_RDONLY;
  }

  desc->parentend = make_descriptor_cloexec(desc->parentend);

#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  if (ZSTR_LEN(zmode) >= 2 && ZSTR_VAL(zmode)[1] == 'b')
    desc->mode_flags |= O_BINARY;
#endif

  return SUCCESS;
}

#ifdef PHP_WIN32
#define create_socketpair(socks) socketpair_win32(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0, (socks), 0)
#else
#define create_socketpair(socks) socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, (socks))
#endif

static zend_result set_proc_descriptor_to_socket(descriptorspec_item *desc)
{
  php_socket_t sock[2];

  if (create_socketpair(sock)) {
    zend_string *err = php_socket_error_str(php_socket_errno());
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Unable to create socket pair: %s", ZSTR_VAL(err));
    zend_string_release(err);
    return FAILURE;
  }

  desc->type = DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SOCKET;
  desc->parentend = make_descriptor_cloexec((php_file_descriptor_t) sock[0]);

  /* Pass sock[1] to child because it will never use overlapped IO on Windows. */
  desc->childend = (php_file_descriptor_t) sock[1];

  return SUCCESS;
}

static zend_result set_proc_descriptor_to_file(descriptorspec_item *desc, zend_string *file_path,
  zend_string *file_mode)
{
  php_socket_t fd;

  /* try a wrapper */
  php_stream *stream = php_stream_open_wrapper(ZSTR_VAL(file_path), ZSTR_VAL(file_mode),
    REPORT_ERRORS|STREAM_WILL_CAST, NULL);
  if (stream == NULL) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  /* force into an fd */
  if (php_stream_cast(stream, PHP_STREAM_CAST_RELEASE|PHP_STREAM_AS_FD, (void **)&fd,
    REPORT_ERRORS) == FAILURE) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  desc->childend = dup_fd_as_handle((int)fd);
  _close((int)fd);

  /* Simulate the append mode by fseeking to the end of the file
   * This introduces a potential race condition, but it is the best we can do */
  if (strchr(ZSTR_VAL(file_mode), 'a')) {
    SetFilePointer(desc->childend, 0, NULL, FILE_END);
  }
#else
  desc->childend = fd;
#endif
  return SUCCESS;
}

static zend_result dup_proc_descriptor(php_file_descriptor_t from, php_file_descriptor_t *to,
  zend_ulong nindex)
{
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  *to = dup_handle(from, TRUE, FALSE);
  if (*to == NULL) {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Failed to dup() for descriptor " ZEND_LONG_FMT, nindex);
    return FAILURE;
  }
#else
  *to = dup(from);
  if (*to < 0) {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Failed to dup() for descriptor " ZEND_LONG_FMT ": %s",
      nindex, strerror(errno));
    return FAILURE;
  }
#endif
  return SUCCESS;
}

static zend_result redirect_proc_descriptor(descriptorspec_item *desc, int target,
  const descriptorspec_item *descriptors, int ndesc, int nindex)
{
  php_file_descriptor_t redirect_to = PHP_INVALID_FD;

  for (int i = 0; i < ndesc; i++) {
    if (descriptors[i].index == target) {
      redirect_to = descriptors[i].childend;
      break;
    }
  }

  if (redirect_to == PHP_INVALID_FD) { /* Didn't find the index we wanted */
    if (target < 0 || target > 2) {
      php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Redirection target %d not found", target);
      return FAILURE;
    }

    /* Support referring to a stdin/stdout/stderr pipe adopted from the parent,
     * which happens whenever an explicit override is not provided. */
#ifndef PHP_WIN32
    redirect_to = target;
#else
    switch (target) {
      case 0: redirect_to = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE); break;
      case 1: redirect_to = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); break;
      case 2: redirect_to = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE); break;
      default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
    }
#endif
  }

  return dup_proc_descriptor(redirect_to, &desc->childend, nindex);
}

/* Process one item from `$descriptorspec` argument to `proc_open` */
static zend_result set_proc_descriptor_from_array(const HashTable *ht, descriptorspec_item *descriptors,
  int ndesc, int nindex, int *pty_master_fd, int *pty_slave_fd) {
  zend_string *ztype = get_string_parameter(ht, 0, "handle qualifier");
  if (!ztype) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_string *zmode = NULL, *zfile = NULL;
  zend_result retval = FAILURE;

  if (zend_string_equals_literal(ztype, "pipe")) {
    /* Set descriptor to pipe */
    zmode = get_string_parameter(ht, 1, "mode parameter for 'pipe'");
    if (zmode == NULL) {
      goto finish;
    }
    retval = set_proc_descriptor_to_pipe(&descriptors[ndesc], zmode);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(ztype, "socket")) {
    /* Set descriptor to socketpair */
    retval = set_proc_descriptor_to_socket(&descriptors[ndesc]);
  } else if (zend_string_equals(ztype, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_FILE))) {
    /* Set descriptor to file */
    if ((zfile = get_string_parameter(ht, 1, "file name parameter for 'file'")) == NULL) {
      goto finish;
    }
    if ((zmode = get_string_parameter(ht, 2, "mode parameter for 'file'")) == NULL) {
      goto finish;
    }
    retval = set_proc_descriptor_to_file(&descriptors[ndesc], zfile, zmode);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(ztype, "redirect")) {
    /* Redirect descriptor to whatever another descriptor is set to */
    zval *ztarget = zend_hash_index_find_deref(ht, 1);
    if (!ztarget) {
      zend_value_error("Missing redirection target");
      goto finish;
    }
    if (Z_TYPE_P(ztarget) != IS_LONG) {
      zend_value_error("Redirection target must be of type int, %s given", zend_zval_value_name(ztarget));
      goto finish;
    }

    retval = redirect_proc_descriptor(
      &descriptors[ndesc], (int)Z_LVAL_P(ztarget), descriptors, ndesc, nindex);
  } else if (zend_string_equals(ztype, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_NULL_LOWERCASE))) {
    /* Set descriptor to blackhole (discard all data written) */
    retval = set_proc_descriptor_to_blackhole(&descriptors[ndesc]);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(ztype, "pty")) {
    /* Set descriptor to slave end of PTY */
    retval = set_proc_descriptor_to_pty(&descriptors[ndesc], pty_master_fd, pty_slave_fd);
  } else {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "%s is not a valid descriptor spec/mode", ZSTR_VAL(ztype));
    goto finish;
  }

finish:
  if (zmode) zend_string_release(zmode);
  if (zfile) zend_string_release(zfile);
  zend_string_release(ztype);
  return retval;
}

static zend_result set_proc_descriptor_from_resource(zval *resource, descriptorspec_item *desc, int nindex)
{
  /* Should be a stream - try and dup the descriptor */
  php_stream *stream = (php_stream*)zend_fetch_resource(Z_RES_P(resource), "stream",
    php_file_le_stream());
  if (stream == NULL) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  php_socket_t fd;
  zend_result status = php_stream_cast(stream, PHP_STREAM_AS_FD, (void **)&fd, REPORT_ERRORS);
  if (status == FAILURE) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  php_file_descriptor_t fd_t = (php_file_descriptor_t)_get_osfhandle(fd);
#else
  php_file_descriptor_t fd_t = fd;
#endif
  return dup_proc_descriptor(fd_t, &desc->childend, nindex);
}

#ifndef PHP_WIN32
#if defined(USE_POSIX_SPAWN)
static zend_result close_parentends_of_pipes(posix_spawn_file_actions_t * actions, const descriptorspec_item *descriptors, int ndesc)
{
  int r;
  for (int i = 0; i < ndesc; i++) {
    if (descriptors[i].type != DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STD) {
      r = posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose(actions, descriptors[i].parentend);
      if (r != 0) {
        php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Cannot close file descriptor %d: %s", descriptors[i].parentend, strerror(r));
        return FAILURE;
      }
    }
    if (descriptors[i].childend != descriptors[i].index) {
      r = posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2(actions, descriptors[i].childend, descriptors[i].index);
      if (r != 0) {
        php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Unable to copy file descriptor %d (for pipe) into "
            "file descriptor %d: %s", descriptors[i].childend, descriptors[i].index, strerror(r));
        return FAILURE;
      }
      r = posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose(actions, descriptors[i].childend);
      if (r != 0) {
        php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Cannot close file descriptor %d: %s", descriptors[i].childend, strerror(r));
        return FAILURE;
      }
    }
  }

  return SUCCESS;
}
#else
static zend_result close_parentends_of_pipes(descriptorspec_item *descriptors, int ndesc)
{
  /* We are running in child process
   * Close the 'parent end' of pipes which were opened before forking/spawning
   * Also, dup() the child end of all pipes as necessary so they will use the FD
   * number which the user requested */
  for (int i = 0; i < ndesc; i++) {
    if (descriptors[i].type != DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STD) {
      close(descriptors[i].parentend);
    }
    if (descriptors[i].childend != descriptors[i].index) {
      if (dup2(descriptors[i].childend, descriptors[i].index) < 0) {
        php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Unable to copy file descriptor %d (for pipe) into " \
          "file descriptor %d: %s", descriptors[i].childend, descriptors[i].index, strerror(errno));
        return FAILURE;
      }
      close(descriptors[i].childend);
    }
  }

  return SUCCESS;
}
#endif
#endif

static void close_all_descriptors(descriptorspec_item *descriptors, int ndesc)
{
  for (int i = 0; i < ndesc; i++) {
    close_descriptor(descriptors[i].childend);
    if (descriptors[i].parentend)
      close_descriptor(descriptors[i].parentend);
  }
}

#ifndef PHP_WIN32
static void efree_argv(char **argv)
{
  if (argv) {
    char **arg = argv;
    while (*arg != NULL) {
      efree(*arg);
      arg++;
    }
    efree(argv);
  }
}
#endif

/* {{{ Execute a command, with specified files used for input/output */
PHP_FUNCTION(proc_open)
{
  zend_string *command_str;
  HashTable *command_ht;
  HashTable *descriptorspec; /* Mandatory argument */
  zval *pipes;               /* Mandatory argument */
  char *cwd = NULL;              /* Optional argument */
  size_t cwd_len = 0;            /* Optional argument */
  HashTable *environment = NULL; /* Optional arguments */
  zval *other_options = NULL;    /* Optional arguments */

  php_process_env env;
  int ndesc = 0;
  int i;
  zval *descitem = NULL;
  zend_string *str_index;
  zend_ulong nindex;
  descriptorspec_item *descriptors = NULL;
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
  HANDLE childHandle;
  STARTUPINFOW si;
  BOOL newprocok;
  DWORD dwCreateFlags = 0;
  UINT old_error_mode;
  char cur_cwd[MAXPATHLEN];
  wchar_t *cmdw = NULL, *cwdw = NULL, *envpw = NULL;
  size_t cmdw_len;
  bool suppress_errors = 0;
  bool bypass_shell = 0;
  bool blocking_pipes = 0;
  bool create_process_group = 0;
  bool create_new_console = 0;
#else
  char **argv = NULL;
#endif
  int pty_master_fd = -1, pty_slave_fd = -1;
  php_process_id_t child;
  php_process_handle *proc;

  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(3, 6)
    Z_PARAM_ARRAY_HT_OR_STR(command_ht, command_str)
    Z_PARAM_ARRAY_HT(descriptorspec)
    Z_PARAM_ZVAL(pipes)
    Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
    Z_PARAM_PATH_OR_NULL(cwd, cwd_len)
    Z_PARAM_ARRAY_HT_OR_NULL(environment)
    Z_PARAM_ARRAY_OR_NULL(other_options)
  ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

  memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));

  if (command_ht) {
    uint32_t num_elems = zend_hash_num_elements(command_ht);
    if (UNEXPECTED(num_elems == 0)) {
      zend_argument_must_not_be_empty_error(1);
      RETURN_THROWS();
    }

#ifdef PHP_WIN32
    /* Automatically bypass shell if command is given as an array */
    bypass_shell = 1;
    command_str = create_win_command_from_args(command_ht);
#else
    command_str = get_command_from_array(command_ht, &argv, num_elems);
#endif

    if (!command_str) {
#ifndef PHP_WIN32
      efree_argv(argv);
#endif
      RETURN_FALSE;
    }
  } else {
    zend_string_addref(command_str);
  }

#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  if (other_options) {
    suppress_errors      = get_option(other_options, "suppress_errors", strlen("suppress_errors"));
    /* TODO: Deprecate in favor of array command? */
    bypass_shell         = bypass_shell || get_option(other_options, "bypass_shell", strlen("bypass_shell"));
    blocking_pipes       = get_option(other_options, "blocking_pipes", strlen("blocking_pipes"));
    create_process_group = get_option(other_options, "create_process_group", strlen("create_process_group"));
    create_new_console   = get_option(other_options, "create_new_console", strlen("create_new_console"));
  }
#endif

  if (environment) {
    env = php_array_to_envp(environment);
  }

  descriptors = alloc_descriptor_array(descriptorspec);

  /* Walk the descriptor spec and set up files/pipes */
  ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_KEY_VAL(descriptorspec, nindex, str_index, descitem) {
    if (str_index) {
      zend_argument_value_error(2, "must be an integer indexed array");
      goto exit_fail;
    }

    descriptors[ndesc].index = (int)nindex;

    ZVAL_DEREF(descitem);
    if (Z_TYPE_P(descitem) == IS_RESOURCE) {
      if (set_proc_descriptor_from_resource(descitem, &descriptors[ndesc], ndesc) == FAILURE) {
        goto exit_fail;
      }
    } else if (Z_TYPE_P(descitem) == IS_ARRAY) {
      if (set_proc_descriptor_from_array(Z_ARRVAL_P(descitem), descriptors, ndesc, (int)nindex,
        &pty_master_fd, &pty_slave_fd) == FAILURE) {
        goto exit_fail;
      }
    } else {
      zend_argument_value_error(2, "must only contain arrays and streams");
      goto exit_fail;
    }
    ndesc++;
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();

#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  if (cwd == NULL) {
    char *getcwd_result = VCWD_GETCWD(cur_cwd, MAXPATHLEN);
    if (!getcwd_result) {
      php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Cannot get current directory");
      goto exit_fail;
    }
    cwd = cur_cwd;
  }
  cwdw = php_win32_cp_any_to_w(cwd);
  if (!cwdw) {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "CWD conversion failed");
    goto exit_fail;
  }

  init_startup_info(&si, descriptors, ndesc);
  init_process_info(&pi);

  if (suppress_errors) {
    old_error_mode = SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS|SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX);
  }

  dwCreateFlags = NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS;
  if(strcmp(sapi_module.name, "cli") != 0) {
    dwCreateFlags |= CREATE_NO_WINDOW;
  }
  if (create_process_group) {
    dwCreateFlags |= CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP;
  }
  if (create_new_console) {
    dwCreateFlags |= CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE;
  }
  envpw = php_win32_cp_env_any_to_w(env.envp);
  if (envpw) {
    dwCreateFlags |= CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT;
  } else  {
    if (env.envp) {
      php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "ENV conversion failed");
      goto exit_fail;
    }
  }

  cmdw = php_win32_cp_conv_any_to_w(ZSTR_VAL(command_str), ZSTR_LEN(command_str), &cmdw_len);
  if (!cmdw) {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Command conversion failed");
    goto exit_fail;
  }

  if (!bypass_shell) {
    if (convert_command_to_use_shell(&cmdw, cmdw_len) == FAILURE) {
      goto exit_fail;
    }
  }
  newprocok = CreateProcessW(NULL, cmdw, &php_proc_open_security,
    &php_proc_open_security, TRUE, dwCreateFlags, envpw, cwdw, &si, &pi);

  if (suppress_errors) {
    SetErrorMode(old_error_mode);
  }

  if (newprocok == FALSE) {
    DWORD dw = GetLastError();
    char *msg = php_win32_error_to_msg(dw);
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "CreateProcess failed: %s", msg);
    php_win32_error_msg_free(msg);
    goto exit_fail;
  }

  childHandle = pi.hProcess;
  child       = pi.dwProcessId;
  CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
#elif defined(USE_POSIX_SPAWN)
  posix_spawn_file_actions_t factions;
  int r;
  posix_spawn_file_actions_init(&factions);

  if (close_parentends_of_pipes(&factions, descriptors, ndesc) == FAILURE) {
    posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy(&factions);
    goto exit_fail;
  }

  if (cwd) {
    r = POSIX_SPAWN_FILE_ACTIONS_ADDCHDIR(&factions, cwd);
    if (r != 0) {
      php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, ZEND_TOSTR(POSIX_SPAWN_FILE_ACTIONS_ADDCHDIR) "() failed: %s", strerror(r));
    }
  }

  if (argv) {
    r = posix_spawnp(&child, ZSTR_VAL(command_str), &factions, NULL, argv, (env.envarray ? env.envarray : environ));
  } else {
    r = posix_spawn(&child, "/bin/sh" , &factions, NULL,
        (char * const[]) {"sh", "-c", ZSTR_VAL(command_str), NULL},
        env.envarray ? env.envarray : environ);
  }
  posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy(&factions);
  if (r != 0) {
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "posix_spawn() failed: %s", strerror(r));
    goto exit_fail;
  }
#elif defined(HAVE_FORK)
  /* the Unix way */
  child = fork();

  if (child == 0) {
    /* This is the child process */

    if (close_parentends_of_pipes(descriptors, ndesc) == FAILURE) {
      /* We are already in child process and can't do anything to make
       * `proc_open` return an error in the parent
       * All we can do is exit with a non-zero (error) exit code */
      _exit(127);
    }

    if (cwd) {
      php_ignore_value(chdir(cwd));
    }

    if (argv) {
      /* execvpe() is non-portable, use environ instead. */
      if (env.envarray) {
        environ = env.envarray;
      }
      execvp(ZSTR_VAL(command_str), argv);
    } else {
      if (env.envarray) {
        execle("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", ZSTR_VAL(command_str), NULL, env.envarray);
      } else {
        execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", ZSTR_VAL(command_str), NULL);
      }
    }

    /* If execvp/execle/execl are successful, we will never reach here
     * Display error and exit with non-zero (error) status code */
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Exec failed: %s", strerror(errno));
    _exit(127);
  } else if (child < 0) {
    /* Failed to fork() */
    php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Fork failed: %s", strerror(errno));
    goto exit_fail;
  }
#else
# error You lose (configure should not have let you get here)
#endif

  /* We forked/spawned and this is the parent */

  pipes = zend_try_array_init(pipes);
  if (!pipes) {
    goto exit_fail;
  }

  proc = (php_process_handle*) emalloc(sizeof(php_process_handle));
  proc->command = zend_string_copy(command_str);
  proc->pipes = emalloc(sizeof(zend_resource *) * ndesc);
  proc->npipes = ndesc;
  proc->child = child;
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  proc->childHandle = childHandle;
#endif
  proc->env = env;
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
  proc->has_cached_exit_wait_status = false;
#endif

  /* Clean up all the child ends and then open streams on the parent
   *   ends, where appropriate */
  for (i = 0; i < ndesc; i++) {
    php_stream *stream = NULL;

    close_descriptor(descriptors[i].childend);

    if (descriptors[i].type == DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_PIPE) {
      char *mode_string = NULL;

      switch (descriptors[i].mode_flags) {
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
        case O_WRONLY|O_BINARY:
          mode_string = "wb";
          break;
        case O_RDONLY|O_BINARY:
          mode_string = "rb";
          break;
#endif
        case O_WRONLY:
          mode_string = "w";
          break;
        case O_RDONLY:
          mode_string = "r";
          break;
        case O_RDWR:
          mode_string = "r+";
          break;
      }

#ifdef PHP_WIN32
      stream = php_stream_fopen_from_fd(_open_osfhandle((intptr_t)descriptors[i].parentend,
            descriptors[i].mode_flags), mode_string, NULL);
      php_stream_set_option(stream, PHP_STREAM_OPTION_PIPE_BLOCKING, blocking_pipes, NULL);
#else
      stream = php_stream_fopen_from_fd(descriptors[i].parentend, mode_string, NULL);
#endif
    } else if (descriptors[i].type == DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SOCKET) {
      stream = php_stream_sock_open_from_socket((php_socket_t) descriptors[i].parentend, NULL);
    } else {
      proc->pipes[i] = NULL;
    }

    if (stream) {
      zval retfp;

      /* nasty hack; don't copy it */
      stream->flags |= PHP_STREAM_FLAG_NO_SEEK;

      php_stream_to_zval(stream, &retfp);
      add_index_zval(pipes, descriptors[i].index, &retfp);

      proc->pipes[i] = Z_RES(retfp);
      Z_ADDREF(retfp);
    }
  }

  if (1) {
    RETVAL_RES(zend_register_resource(proc, le_proc_open));
  } else {
exit_fail:
    _php_free_envp(env);
    if (descriptors) {
      close_all_descriptors(descriptors, ndesc);
    }
    RETVAL_FALSE;
  }

  zend_string_release_ex(command_str, false);
#ifdef PHP_WIN32
  free(cwdw);
  free(cmdw);
  free(envpw);
#else
  efree_argv(argv);
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_OPENPTY
  if (pty_master_fd != -1) {
    close(pty_master_fd);
  }
  if (pty_slave_fd != -1) {
    close(pty_slave_fd);
  }
#endif
  if (descriptors) {
    efree(descriptors);
  }
}
/* }}} */

#endif /* PHP_CAN_SUPPORT_PROC_OPEN */

Coverage Report

Created: 2026-07-25 06:39