/src/php-src/Zend/zend_ast.c

Source
/*
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Zend Engine                                                          |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Copyright © Zend Technologies Ltd., a subsidiary company of          |
   |     Perforce Software, Inc., and Contributors.                       |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | This source file is subject to the Modified BSD License that is      |
   | bundled with this package in the file LICENSE, and is available      |
   | through the World Wide Web at <https://www.php.net/license/>.        |
   |                                                                      |
   | SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause                                |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Authors: Bob Weinand <bwoebi@php.net>                                |
   |          Dmitry Stogov <dmitry@php.net>                              |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
*/

#include "zend_ast.h"
#include "zend_API.h"
#include "zend_operators.h"
#include "zend_language_parser.h"
#include "zend_smart_str.h"
#include "zend_exceptions.h"
#include "zend_closures.h"
#include "zend_constants.h"
#include "zend_enum.h"
#include "zend_partial.h"

ZEND_API zend_ast_process_t zend_ast_process = NULL;

static inline void *zend_ast_alloc(size_t size) {
  return zend_arena_alloc(&CG(ast_arena), size);
}

static inline void *zend_ast_realloc(const void *old, size_t old_size, size_t new_size) {
  void *new = zend_ast_alloc(new_size);
  memcpy(new, old, old_size);
  return new;
}

static inline size_t zend_ast_list_size(uint32_t children) {
  return sizeof(zend_ast_list) - sizeof(zend_ast *) + sizeof(zend_ast *) * children;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_znode(const znode *node) {
  zend_ast_znode *ast;

  ast = zend_ast_alloc(sizeof(zend_ast_znode));
  ast->kind = ZEND_AST_ZNODE;
  ast->attr = 0;
  ast->lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  ast->node = *node;
  return (zend_ast *) ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_fcc(zend_ast *args) {
  zend_ast_fcc *ast;

  ast = zend_ast_alloc(sizeof(zend_ast_fcc));
  ast->kind = ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT;
  ast->attr = 0;
  ast->lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  ast->filename = NULL;
  ast->name = NULL;
  ast->args = args;
  ZEND_MAP_PTR_INIT(ast->fptr, NULL);

  return (zend_ast *) ast;
}

static zend_always_inline zend_ast * zend_ast_create_zval_int(const zval *zv, uint32_t attr, uint32_t lineno) {
  zend_ast_zval *ast;

  ast = zend_ast_alloc(sizeof(zend_ast_zval));
  ast->kind = ZEND_AST_ZVAL;
  ast->attr = attr;
  ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(&ast->val, zv);
  Z_LINENO(ast->val) = lineno;
  return (zend_ast *) ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_zval_with_lineno(const zval *zv, uint32_t lineno) {
  return zend_ast_create_zval_int(zv, 0, lineno);
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_zval_ex(const zval *zv, zend_ast_attr attr) {
  return zend_ast_create_zval_int(zv, attr, CG(zend_lineno));
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_zval(const zval *zv) {
  return zend_ast_create_zval_int(zv, 0, CG(zend_lineno));
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_zval_from_str(zend_string *str) {
  zval zv;
  ZVAL_STR(&zv, str);
  return zend_ast_create_zval_int(&zv, 0, CG(zend_lineno));
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_zval_from_long(zend_long lval) {
  zval zv;
  ZVAL_LONG(&zv, lval);
  return zend_ast_create_zval_int(&zv, 0, CG(zend_lineno));
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_constant(zend_string *name, zend_ast_attr attr) {
  zend_ast_zval *ast;

  ast = zend_ast_alloc(sizeof(zend_ast_zval));
  ast->kind = ZEND_AST_CONSTANT;
  ast->attr = attr;
  ZVAL_STR(&ast->val, name);
  Z_LINENO(ast->val) = CG(zend_lineno);
  return (zend_ast *) ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_op_array(zend_op_array *op_array) {
  zend_ast_op_array *ast;

  ast = zend_ast_alloc(sizeof(zend_ast_op_array));
  ast->kind = ZEND_AST_OP_ARRAY;
  ast->attr = 0;
  ast->lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  ast->op_array = op_array;

  return (zend_ast *) ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_class_const_or_name(zend_ast *class_name, zend_ast *name) {
  zend_string *name_str = zend_ast_get_str(name);
  if (zend_string_equals_ci(name_str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_CLASS))) {
    zend_string_release(name_str);
    return zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CLASS_NAME, class_name);
  } else {
    return zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST, class_name, name);
  }
}

ZEND_API zend_ast *zend_ast_create_decl(
  zend_ast_kind kind, uint32_t flags, uint32_t start_lineno, zend_string *doc_comment,
  zend_string *name, zend_ast *child0, zend_ast *child1, zend_ast *child2, zend_ast *child3, zend_ast *child4
) {
  zend_ast_decl *ast;

  ast = zend_ast_alloc(sizeof(zend_ast_decl));
  ast->kind = kind;
  ast->attr = 0;
  ast->start_lineno = start_lineno;
  ast->end_lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  ast->flags = flags;
  ast->doc_comment = doc_comment;
  ast->name = name;
  ast->child[0] = child0;
  ast->child[1] = child1;
  ast->child[2] = child2;
  ast->child[3] = child3;
  ast->child[4] = child4;

  return (zend_ast *) ast;
}

static bool zend_ast_is_placeholder_arg(zend_ast *arg) {
  return arg->kind == ZEND_AST_PLACEHOLDER_ARG
    || (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG
        && arg->child[1]->kind == ZEND_AST_PLACEHOLDER_ARG);
}

#if ZEND_AST_SPEC
ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_0(zend_ast_kind kind) {
  zend_ast *ast;

  ZEND_ASSERT(kind >> ZEND_AST_NUM_CHILDREN_SHIFT == 0);
  ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_size(0));
  ast->kind = kind;
  ast->attr = 0;
  ast->lineno = CG(zend_lineno);

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_1(zend_ast_kind kind, zend_ast *child) {
  zend_ast *ast;
  uint32_t lineno;

  ZEND_ASSERT(kind >> ZEND_AST_NUM_CHILDREN_SHIFT == 1);
  ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_size(1));
  ast->kind = kind;
  ast->attr = 0;
  ast->child[0] = child;
  if (child) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child);
  } else {
    lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  }
  ast->lineno = lineno;

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_2(zend_ast_kind kind, zend_ast *child1, zend_ast *child2) {
  zend_ast *ast;
  uint32_t lineno;

  ZEND_ASSERT(kind >> ZEND_AST_NUM_CHILDREN_SHIFT == 2);
  ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_size(2));
  ast->kind = kind;
  ast->attr = 0;
  ast->child[0] = child1;
  ast->child[1] = child2;
  if (child1) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child1);
  } else if (child2) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child2);
  } else {
    lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  }
  ast->lineno = lineno;

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_3(zend_ast_kind kind, zend_ast *child1, zend_ast *child2, zend_ast *child3) {
  zend_ast *ast;
  uint32_t lineno;

  ZEND_ASSERT(kind >> ZEND_AST_NUM_CHILDREN_SHIFT == 3);
  ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_size(3));
  ast->kind = kind;
  ast->attr = 0;
  ast->child[0] = child1;
  ast->child[1] = child2;
  ast->child[2] = child3;
  if (child1) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child1);
  } else if (child2) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child2);
  } else if (child3) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child3);
  } else {
    lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  }
  ast->lineno = lineno;

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_4(zend_ast_kind kind, zend_ast *child1, zend_ast *child2, zend_ast *child3, zend_ast *child4) {
  zend_ast *ast;
  uint32_t lineno;

  ZEND_ASSERT(kind >> ZEND_AST_NUM_CHILDREN_SHIFT == 4);
  ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_size(4));
  ast->kind = kind;
  ast->attr = 0;
  ast->child[0] = child1;
  ast->child[1] = child2;
  ast->child[2] = child3;
  ast->child[3] = child4;
  if (child1) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child1);
  } else if (child2) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child2);
  } else if (child3) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child3);
  } else if (child4) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child4);
  } else {
    lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  }
  ast->lineno = lineno;

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_5(zend_ast_kind kind, zend_ast *child1, zend_ast *child2, zend_ast *child3, zend_ast *child4, zend_ast *child5) {
  zend_ast *ast;
  uint32_t lineno;

  ZEND_ASSERT(kind >> ZEND_AST_NUM_CHILDREN_SHIFT == 5);
  ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_size(5));
  ast->kind = kind;
  ast->attr = 0;
  ast->child[0] = child1;
  ast->child[1] = child2;
  ast->child[2] = child3;
  ast->child[3] = child4;
  ast->child[4] = child5;
  if (child1) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child1);
  } else if (child2) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child2);
  } else if (child3) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child3);
  } else if (child4) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child4);
  } else if (child5) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child5);
  } else {
    lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  }
  ast->lineno = lineno;

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_va(
    zend_ast_kind kind, zend_ast_attr attr, va_list *va) {
  uint32_t lineno = (uint32_t)-1;
  uint32_t children = kind >> ZEND_AST_NUM_CHILDREN_SHIFT;
  zend_ast *ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_size(children));
  ast->kind = kind;
  ast->attr = attr;
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < children; i++) {
    ast->child[i] = va_arg(*va, zend_ast *);
    if (lineno == (uint32_t)-1 && ast->child[i]) {
      lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(ast->child[i]);
    }
  }
  if (lineno == (uint32_t)-1) {
    lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  }
  ast->lineno = lineno;
  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * zend_ast_create_n(unsigned kind, ...) {
  va_list va;
  va_start(va, kind);
  zend_ast *ast = zend_ast_create_va(kind, 0, &va);
  va_end(va);
  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * zend_ast_create_ex_n(
    zend_ast_kind kind, unsigned attr, ...) {
  va_list va;
  va_start(va, attr);
  zend_ast *ast = zend_ast_create_va(kind, attr, &va);
  va_end(va);
  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_list_0(zend_ast_kind kind) {
  zend_ast *ast;
  zend_ast_list *list;

  ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_list_size(4));
  list = (zend_ast_list *) ast;
  list->kind = kind;
  list->attr = 0;
  list->lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  list->children = 0;

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_list_1(zend_ast_kind kind, zend_ast *child) {
  zend_ast *ast;
  zend_ast_list *list;
  uint32_t lineno;

  ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_list_size(4));
  list = (zend_ast_list *) ast;
  list->kind = kind;
  list->attr = 0;
  list->children = 1;
  list->child[0] = child;
  if (child) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child);
    if (lineno > CG(zend_lineno)) {
      lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
    }
  } else {
    lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  }
  list->lineno = lineno;

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_list_2(zend_ast_kind kind, zend_ast *child1, zend_ast *child2) {
  zend_ast *ast;
  zend_ast_list *list;
  uint32_t lineno;

  ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_list_size(4));
  list = (zend_ast_list *) ast;
  list->kind = kind;
  list->attr = 0;
  list->children = 2;
  list->child[0] = child1;
  list->child[1] = child2;
  if (child1) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child1);
    if (lineno > CG(zend_lineno)) {
      lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
    }
  } else if (child2) {
    lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child2);
    if (lineno > CG(zend_lineno)) {
      lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
    }
  } else {
    list->children = 0;
    lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  }
  list->lineno = lineno;

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_arg_list_0(zend_ast_kind kind) {
  return zend_ast_create_list(0, kind);
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_arg_list_1(zend_ast_kind kind, zend_ast *arg) {
  zend_ast *list = zend_ast_create_list(1, kind, arg);

  if (zend_ast_is_placeholder_arg(arg)) {
    return zend_ast_create_fcc(list);
  }

  return list;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_create_arg_list_2(zend_ast_kind kind, zend_ast *arg1, zend_ast *arg2) {
  zend_ast *list = zend_ast_create_list(2, kind, arg1, arg2);

  if (zend_ast_is_placeholder_arg(arg1) || zend_ast_is_placeholder_arg(arg2)) {
    return zend_ast_create_fcc(list);
  }

  return list;
}
#else
static zend_ast *zend_ast_create_from_va_list(zend_ast_kind kind, zend_ast_attr attr, va_list va) {
  uint32_t i, children = kind >> ZEND_AST_NUM_CHILDREN_SHIFT;
  zend_ast *ast;

  ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_size(children));
  ast->kind = kind;
  ast->attr = attr;
  ast->lineno = (uint32_t) -1;

  for (i = 0; i < children; ++i) {
    ast->child[i] = va_arg(va, zend_ast *);
    if (ast->child[i] != NULL) {
      uint32_t lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(ast->child[i]);
      if (lineno < ast->lineno) {
        ast->lineno = lineno;
      }
    }
  }

  if (ast->lineno == UINT_MAX) {
    ast->lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  }

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast *zend_ast_create_ex(zend_ast_kind kind, zend_ast_attr attr, ...) {
  va_list va;
  zend_ast *ast;

  va_start(va, attr);
  ast = zend_ast_create_from_va_list(kind, attr, va);
  va_end(va);

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast *zend_ast_create(zend_ast_kind kind, ...) {
  va_list va;
  zend_ast *ast;

  va_start(va, kind);
  ast = zend_ast_create_from_va_list(kind, 0, va);
  va_end(va);

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast *zend_ast_create_list(uint32_t init_children, zend_ast_kind kind, ...) {
  zend_ast *ast;
  zend_ast_list *list;

  ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_list_size(4));
  list = (zend_ast_list *) ast;
  list->kind = kind;
  list->attr = 0;
  list->lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  list->children = 0;

  {
    va_list va;
    uint32_t i;
    va_start(va, kind);
    for (i = 0; i < init_children; ++i) {
      zend_ast *child = va_arg(va, zend_ast *);
      ast = zend_ast_list_add(ast, child);
      if (child != NULL) {
        uint32_t lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child);
        if (lineno < ast->lineno) {
          ast->lineno = lineno;
        }
      }
    }
    va_end(va);
  }

  return ast;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast *zend_ast_create_arg_list(uint32_t init_children, zend_ast_kind kind, ...) {
  zend_ast *ast;
  zend_ast_list *list;
  bool has_placeholders = false;

  ast = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_list_size(4));
  list = (zend_ast_list *) ast;
  list->kind = kind;
  list->attr = 0;
  list->lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  list->children = 0;

  {
    va_list va;
    uint32_t i;
    va_start(va, kind);
    for (i = 0; i < init_children; ++i) {
      zend_ast *child = va_arg(va, zend_ast *);
      ast = zend_ast_list_add(ast, child);
      uint32_t lineno = zend_ast_get_lineno(child);
      if (lineno < ast->lineno) {
        ast->lineno = lineno;
      }
      has_placeholders = has_placeholders || zend_ast_is_placeholder_arg(child);
    }
    va_end(va);
  }

  if (has_placeholders) {
    return zend_ast_create_fcc(list);
  }

  return ast;
}
#endif

zend_ast *zend_ast_create_concat_op(zend_ast *op0, zend_ast *op1) {
  if (op0->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL && op1->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    zval *zv0 = zend_ast_get_zval(op0);
    zval *zv1 = zend_ast_get_zval(op1);
    if (!zend_binary_op_produces_error(ZEND_CONCAT, zv0, zv1) &&
        concat_function(zv0, zv0, zv1) == SUCCESS) {
      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(zv1);
      return zend_ast_create_zval(zv0);
    }
  }
  return zend_ast_create_binary_op(ZEND_CONCAT, op0, op1);
}

static inline bool is_power_of_two(uint32_t n) {
  return ((n != 0) && (n == (n & (~n + 1))));
}

ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_NODISCARD ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_list_add(zend_ast *ast, zend_ast *op) {
  zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  if (list->children >= 4 && is_power_of_two(list->children)) {
      list = zend_ast_realloc(list,
      zend_ast_list_size(list->children), zend_ast_list_size(list->children * 2));
  }
  list->child[list->children++] = op;
  return (zend_ast *) list;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_arg_list_add(zend_ast *list, zend_ast *arg)
{
  if (list->kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT) {
    zend_ast_fcc *fcc_ast = (zend_ast_fcc*)list;
    fcc_ast->args = zend_ast_list_add(fcc_ast->args, arg);
    return (zend_ast*)fcc_ast;
  }

  ZEND_ASSERT(list->kind == ZEND_AST_ARG_LIST);

  if (zend_ast_is_placeholder_arg(arg)) {
    return zend_ast_create_fcc(zend_ast_list_add(list, arg));
  }

  return zend_ast_list_add(list, arg);
}

static zend_result zend_ast_add_array_element(const zval *result, zval *offset, zval *expr)
{
  if (Z_TYPE_P(offset) == IS_UNDEF) {
    if (!zend_hash_next_index_insert(Z_ARRVAL_P(result), expr)) {
      zend_throw_error(NULL,
        "Cannot add element to the array as the next element is already occupied");
      return FAILURE;
    }
    return SUCCESS;
  }

  if (array_set_zval_key(Z_ARRVAL_P(result), offset, expr) == FAILURE) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(offset);
  zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(expr);
  return SUCCESS;
}

static zend_result zend_ast_add_unpacked_element(const zval *result, const zval *expr) {
  if (EXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(expr) == IS_ARRAY)) {
    const HashTable *ht = Z_ARRVAL_P(expr);
    zval *val;
    zend_string *key;

    ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_STR_KEY_VAL(ht, key, val) {
      if (key) {
        zend_hash_update(Z_ARRVAL_P(result), key, val);
      } else {
        if (!zend_hash_next_index_insert(Z_ARRVAL_P(result), val)) {
          zend_throw_error(NULL,
            "Cannot add element to the array as the next element is already occupied");
          return FAILURE;
        }
      }
      Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(val);
    } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
    return SUCCESS;
  }

  zend_throw_error(NULL, "Only arrays can be unpacked in constant expression");
  return FAILURE;
}

static zend_class_entry *zend_ast_fetch_class(zend_ast *ast, zend_class_entry *scope)
{
  return zend_fetch_class_with_scope(zend_ast_get_str(ast), (ast->attr >> ZEND_CONST_EXPR_NEW_FETCH_TYPE_SHIFT) | ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_EXCEPTION, scope);
}

static zend_result ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_evaluate_inner(
  zval *result,
  zend_ast *ast,
  zend_class_entry *scope,
  bool *short_circuited_ptr,
  zend_ast_evaluate_ctx *ctx
);

ZEND_API zend_result ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_evaluate_ex(
  zval *result,
  zend_ast *ast,
  zend_class_entry *scope,
  bool *short_circuited_ptr,
  zend_ast_evaluate_ctx *ctx
) {
  zend_string *previous_filename;
  zend_long previous_lineno;
  if (scope) {
    previous_filename = EG(filename_override);
    previous_lineno = EG(lineno_override);
    EG(filename_override) = scope->info.user.filename;
    EG(lineno_override) = zend_ast_get_lineno(ast);
  }
  zend_result r = zend_ast_evaluate_inner(result, ast, scope, short_circuited_ptr, ctx);
  if (scope) {
    EG(filename_override) = previous_filename;
    EG(lineno_override) = previous_lineno;
  }
  return r;
}

static zend_execute_data *zend_ast_evaluate_arg_list(
  zend_function *func,
  zend_ast_list *args_ast,
  zend_class_entry *scope,
  void *object_or_called_scope,
  bool *short_circuited_ptr,
  zend_ast_evaluate_ctx *ctx,
  zend_array **named_positions_ptr,
  bool *uses_variadic_placeholder
) {
  zend_execute_data *frame = zend_vm_stack_push_call_frame_ex(
      zend_vm_calc_used_stack(args_ast->children, func),
      0, func, 0, object_or_called_scope);

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < args_ast->children; i++) {
    zend_ast *arg_ast = args_ast->child[i];
    uint32_t arg_num = i + 1;
    zval *arg;
    zend_string *arg_name = NULL;

    if (arg_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG) {
      void *cache_slot[2] = {0};
      arg_name = zend_ast_get_str(arg_ast->child[0]);
      arg = zend_handle_named_arg(&frame, arg_name, &arg_num, (void**)&cache_slot);
      if (!arg) {
        goto fail;
      }
      if (named_positions_ptr) {
        if (!*named_positions_ptr) {
          *named_positions_ptr = zend_new_array(0);
        }
        zval tmp;
        ZVAL_LONG(&tmp, zend_hash_num_elements(*named_positions_ptr));
        zend_hash_add(*named_positions_ptr, arg_name, &tmp);
      }
      arg_ast = arg_ast->child[1];
    } else {
      arg = ZEND_CALL_VAR_NUM(frame, ZEND_CALL_NUM_ARGS(frame));
    }

    bool is_placeholder = arg_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PLACEHOLDER_ARG;
    if (is_placeholder) {
      if (arg_ast->attr == ZEND_PLACEHOLDER_VARIADIC) {
        if (uses_variadic_placeholder) {
          *uses_variadic_placeholder = true;
        }
        continue;
      } else {
        Z_TYPE_INFO_P(arg) = _IS_PLACEHOLDER;
      }
    } else {
      if (zend_ast_evaluate_ex(arg, arg_ast, scope, short_circuited_ptr, ctx) == FAILURE) {
        ZVAL_UNDEF(arg);
        goto fail;
      }
    }
    if (!arg_name) {
      ZEND_CALL_NUM_ARGS(frame)++;
    }

    /* A constant expression can't be bound to a reference because it ain't a CV. */
    if (!is_placeholder && UNEXPECTED(ARG_MUST_BE_SENT_BY_REF(func, arg_num))) {
      zend_cannot_pass_by_reference_ex(func, arg_num);
      goto fail;
    }
  }

  return frame;

fail:
  for (uint32_t i = 0, num_args = ZEND_CALL_NUM_ARGS(frame); i < num_args; i++) {
    zval_ptr_dtor(ZEND_CALL_VAR_NUM(frame, i));
  }
  if (ZEND_CALL_INFO(frame) & ZEND_CALL_HAS_EXTRA_NAMED_PARAMS) {
    zend_array_destroy(frame->extra_named_params);
  }
  zend_vm_stack_free_call_frame(frame);
  if (named_positions_ptr && *named_positions_ptr) {
    zend_array_destroy(*named_positions_ptr);
  }
  return NULL;
}

static zend_result ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_evaluate_inner(
  zval *result,
  zend_ast *ast,
  zend_class_entry *scope,
  bool *short_circuited_ptr,
  zend_ast_evaluate_ctx *ctx
) {
  zval op1, op2;
  zend_result ret = SUCCESS;
  bool short_circuited;
  *short_circuited_ptr = false;

  switch (ast->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_BINARY_OP:
      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op1, ast->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        ret = FAILURE;
      } else if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op2, ast->child[1], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        ret = FAILURE;
      } else {
        binary_op_type op = get_binary_op(ast->attr);
        op(result, &op1, &op2);
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
        ret = EG(exception) ? FAILURE : SUCCESS;
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_GREATER:
    case ZEND_AST_GREATER_EQUAL:
      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op1, ast->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        ret = FAILURE;
      } else if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op2, ast->child[1], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        ret = FAILURE;
      } else {
        /* op1 > op2 is the same as op2 < op1 */
        binary_op_type op = ast->kind == ZEND_AST_GREATER
          ? is_smaller_function : is_smaller_or_equal_function;
        op(result, &op2, &op1);
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
        ret = EG(exception) ? FAILURE : SUCCESS;
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_UNARY_OP:
      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op1, ast->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        ret = FAILURE;
      } else {
        unary_op_type op = get_unary_op(ast->attr);
        ret = op(result, &op1);
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_ZVAL:
    {
      zval *zv = zend_ast_get_zval(ast);

      ZVAL_COPY(result, zv);
      break;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_CONSTANT:
    {
      zend_string *name = zend_ast_get_constant_name(ast);
      zval *zv = zend_get_constant_ex(name, scope, ast->attr);

      if (UNEXPECTED(zv == NULL)) {
        ZVAL_UNDEF(result);
        return FAILURE;
      }
      ZVAL_COPY_OR_DUP(result, zv);
      break;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_CONSTANT_CLASS:
      if (scope) {
        ZVAL_STR_COPY(result, scope->name);
      } else {
        ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(result);
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_NAME:
      if (!scope) {
        zend_throw_error(NULL, "Cannot use \"self\" when no class scope is active");
        return FAILURE;
      }
      if (ast->attr == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SELF) {
        ZVAL_STR_COPY(result, scope->name);
      } else if (ast->attr == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_PARENT) {
        if (!scope->parent) {
          zend_throw_error(NULL,
            "Cannot use \"parent\" when current class scope has no parent");
          return FAILURE;
        }
        ZVAL_STR_COPY(result, scope->parent->name);
      } else {
        ZEND_ASSERT(0 && "Should have errored during compilation");
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_AND:
      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op1, ast->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        ret = FAILURE;
        break;
      }
      if (zend_is_true(&op1)) {
        if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op2, ast->child[1], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
          zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
          ret = FAILURE;
          break;
        }
        ZVAL_BOOL(result, zend_is_true(&op2));
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
      } else {
        ZVAL_FALSE(result);
      }
      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CAST:
      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op1, ast->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        ret = FAILURE;
        break;
      }
      if (ast->attr == Z_TYPE(op1)) {
        ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(result, &op1);
      } else {
        switch (ast->attr) {
          case _IS_BOOL:
            ZVAL_BOOL(result, zend_is_true(&op1));
            break;
          case IS_LONG:
            ZVAL_LONG(result, zval_get_long_func(&op1, false));
            break;
          case IS_DOUBLE:
            ZVAL_DOUBLE(result, zval_get_double_func(&op1));
            break;
          case IS_STRING:
            ZVAL_STR(result, zval_get_string_func(&op1));
            break;
          case IS_ARRAY:
            zend_cast_zval_to_array(result, &op1, IS_VAR);
            break;
          case IS_OBJECT:
            zend_cast_zval_to_object(result, &op1, IS_VAR);
            break;
          default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
        }
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        if (UNEXPECTED(EG(exception))) {
          ret = FAILURE;
        }
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_OR:
      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op1, ast->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        ret = FAILURE;
        break;
      }
      if (zend_is_true(&op1)) {
        ZVAL_TRUE(result);
      } else {
        if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op2, ast->child[1], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
          zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
          ret = FAILURE;
          break;
        }
        ZVAL_BOOL(result, zend_is_true(&op2));
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
      }
      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CONDITIONAL:
      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op1, ast->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        ret = FAILURE;
        break;
      }
      if (zend_is_true(&op1)) {
        if (!ast->child[1]) {
          *result = op1;
        } else {
          if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(result, ast->child[1], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
            zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
            ret = FAILURE;
            break;
          }
          zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        }
      } else {
        if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(result, ast->child[2], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
          zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
          ret = FAILURE;
          break;
        }
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_COALESCE:
      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op1, ast->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        ret = FAILURE;
        break;
      }
      if (Z_TYPE(op1) > IS_NULL) {
        *result = op1;
      } else {
        if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(result, ast->child[1], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
          zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
          ret = FAILURE;
          break;
        }
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_UNARY_PLUS:
      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op2, ast->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        ret = FAILURE;
      } else {
        ZVAL_LONG(&op1, 0);
        ret = add_function(result, &op1, &op2);
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_UNARY_MINUS:
      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op2, ast->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        ret = FAILURE;
      } else {
        ZVAL_LONG(&op1, -1);
        ret = mul_function(result, &op1, &op2);
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_ARRAY:
      {
        uint32_t i;
        zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);

        if (!list->children) {
          ZVAL_EMPTY_ARRAY(result);
          break;
        }
        array_init(result);
        for (i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
          zend_ast *elem = list->child[i];
          if (elem->kind == ZEND_AST_UNPACK) {
            if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op1, elem->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
              zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(result);
              return FAILURE;
            }
            if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_add_unpacked_element(result, &op1) != SUCCESS)) {
              zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
              zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(result);
              return FAILURE;
            }
            zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
            continue;
          }
          if (elem->child[1]) {
            if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op1, elem->child[1], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
              zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(result);
              return FAILURE;
            }
          } else {
            ZVAL_UNDEF(&op1);
          }
          if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op2, elem->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
            zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
            zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(result);
            return FAILURE;
          }
          if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_add_array_element(result, &op1, &op2) != SUCCESS)) {
            zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
            zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
            zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(result);
            return FAILURE;
          }
        }
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
      if (ast->child[1] == NULL) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use [] for reading");
      }

      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op1, ast->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        ret = FAILURE;
        break;
      }
      if (short_circuited) {
        *short_circuited_ptr = true;
        ZVAL_NULL(result);
        return SUCCESS;
      }

      // DIM on objects is disallowed because it allows executing arbitrary expressions
      if (Z_TYPE(op1) == IS_OBJECT) {
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        zend_throw_error(NULL, "Cannot use [] on objects in constant expression");
        ret = FAILURE;
        break;
      }

      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op2, ast->child[1], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        ret = FAILURE;
        break;
      }

      zend_fetch_dimension_const(result, &op1, &op2, (ast->attr & ZEND_DIM_IS) ? BP_VAR_IS : BP_VAR_R);

      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
      if (UNEXPECTED(EG(exception))) {
        return FAILURE;
      }

      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CONST_ENUM_INIT:
    {
      // Preloading will attempt to resolve constants but objects can't be stored in shm
      // Aborting here to store the const AST instead
      if (CG(in_compilation)) {
        return FAILURE;
      }

      zend_ast *class_name_ast = ast->child[0];
      zend_string *class_name = zend_ast_get_str(class_name_ast);

      zend_ast *case_id_ast = ast->child[1];
      int case_id = (int)Z_LVAL_P(zend_ast_get_zval(case_id_ast));

      zend_ast *case_name_ast = ast->child[2];
      zend_string *case_name = zend_ast_get_str(case_name_ast);

      zend_ast *case_value_ast = ast->child[3];

      zval case_value_zv;
      ZVAL_UNDEF(&case_value_zv);
      if (case_value_ast != NULL) {
        if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&case_value_zv, case_value_ast, scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
          return FAILURE;
        }
      }

      zend_class_entry *ce = zend_lookup_class(class_name);
      zend_enum_new(result, ce, case_id, case_name, case_value_ast != NULL ? &case_value_zv : NULL);
      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&case_value_zv);
      break;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST:
    {
      zend_string *class_name = zend_ast_get_str(ast->child[0]);
      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op2, ast->child[1], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        return FAILURE;
      }
      if (UNEXPECTED(Z_TYPE(op2) != IS_STRING)) {
        zend_invalid_class_constant_type_error(Z_TYPE(op2));
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
        return FAILURE;
      }
      zend_string *const_name = Z_STR(op2);

      zend_string *previous_filename;
      zend_long previous_lineno;
      if (scope) {
        previous_filename = EG(filename_override);
        previous_lineno = EG(lineno_override);
        EG(filename_override) = scope->info.user.filename;
        EG(lineno_override) = zend_ast_get_lineno(ast);
      }
      zval *zv = zend_get_class_constant_ex(class_name, const_name, scope, ast->attr);
      if (scope) {
        EG(filename_override) = previous_filename;
        EG(lineno_override) = previous_lineno;
      }

      if (UNEXPECTED(zv == NULL)) {
        ZVAL_UNDEF(result);
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
        return FAILURE;
      }
      ZVAL_COPY_OR_DUP(result, zv);
      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
      break;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_NEW:
    {
      zend_class_entry *ce = zend_ast_fetch_class(ast->child[0], scope);
      if (!ce) {
        return FAILURE;
      }

      if (object_init_ex(result, ce) != SUCCESS) {
        return FAILURE;
      }

      /* Even if there is no constructor, the object can have cause side-effects in various ways (__toString(), __get(), __isset(), etc). */
      ctx->had_side_effects = true;

      zend_ast_list *args_ast = zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[1]);
      if (args_ast->attr) {
        /* Has named arguments. */
        HashTable *args = zend_new_array(args_ast->children);
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < args_ast->children; i++) {
          zend_ast *arg_ast = args_ast->child[i];
          zend_string *name = NULL;
          zval arg;
          if (arg_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG) {
            name = zend_ast_get_str(arg_ast->child[0]);
            arg_ast = arg_ast->child[1];
          }
          if (zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&arg, arg_ast, scope, &short_circuited, ctx) == FAILURE) {
            zend_array_destroy(args);
            zval_ptr_dtor(result);
            return FAILURE;
          }
          if (name) {
            if (!zend_hash_add(args, name, &arg)) {
              zend_throw_error(NULL,
                "Named parameter $%s overwrites previous argument",
                ZSTR_VAL(name));
              zend_array_destroy(args);
              zval_ptr_dtor(result);
              return FAILURE;
            }
          } else {
            zend_hash_next_index_insert(args, &arg);
          }
        }

        zend_function *ctor = Z_OBJ_HT_P(result)->get_constructor(Z_OBJ_P(result));
        if (ctor) {
          zend_call_known_function(
            ctor, Z_OBJ_P(result), Z_OBJCE_P(result), NULL, 0, NULL, args);
        }

        zend_array_destroy(args);
      } else {
        ALLOCA_FLAG(use_heap)
        zval *args = do_alloca(sizeof(zval) * args_ast->children, use_heap);
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < args_ast->children; i++) {
          if (zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&args[i], args_ast->child[i], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) == FAILURE) {
            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < i; j++) {
              zval_ptr_dtor(&args[j]);
            }
            free_alloca(args, use_heap);
            zval_ptr_dtor(result);
            return FAILURE;
          }
        }

        zend_function *ctor = Z_OBJ_HT_P(result)->get_constructor(Z_OBJ_P(result));
        if (ctor) {
          zend_call_known_instance_method(
            ctor, Z_OBJ_P(result), NULL, args_ast->children, args);
        }

        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < args_ast->children; i++) {
          zval_ptr_dtor(&args[i]);
        }
        free_alloca(args, use_heap);
      }

      if (EG(exception)) {
        zend_object_store_ctor_failed(Z_OBJ_P(result));
        zval_ptr_dtor(result);
        return FAILURE;
      }
      return SUCCESS;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_CALL:
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL:
    {
      // Preloading will attempt to resolve constants but objects can't be stored in shm
      // Aborting here to store the const AST instead
      if (CG(in_compilation)) {
        return FAILURE;
      }

      zend_function *fptr;
      zend_class_entry *called_scope = NULL;

      zend_ast *args_ast = zend_ast_call_get_args(ast);
      ZEND_ASSERT(args_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT);

      zend_ast_fcc *fcc_ast = (zend_ast_fcc*)args_ast;

      zend_ast_list *args = zend_ast_get_list(fcc_ast->args);
      ZEND_ASSERT(args->children > 0);

      switch (ast->kind) {
        case ZEND_AST_CALL: {
          fptr = ZEND_MAP_PTR_GET(fcc_ast->fptr);

          if (!fptr) {
            zend_string *function_name = zend_ast_get_str(ast->child[0]);
            fptr = zend_fetch_function(function_name);

            /* Search for global function of the same name */
            if (!fptr && ast->child[0]->attr != ZEND_NAME_FQ) {
              const char *backslash = zend_memrchr(ZSTR_VAL(function_name), '\\', ZSTR_LEN(function_name));
              if (backslash) {
                fptr = zend_fetch_function_str(backslash + 1, ZSTR_LEN(function_name) - (backslash - ZSTR_VAL(function_name) + 1));
              }
            }

            if (!fptr) {
              zend_throw_error(NULL, "Call to undefined function %s()", ZSTR_VAL(function_name));
              return FAILURE;
            }

            ZEND_MAP_PTR_SET(fcc_ast->fptr, fptr);
          }

          break;
        }
        case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL: {
          zend_class_entry *ce = zend_ast_fetch_class(ast->child[0], scope);
          if (!ce) {
            return FAILURE;
          }
          called_scope = ce;

          fptr = ZEND_MAP_PTR_GET(fcc_ast->fptr);

          if (!fptr) {
            zend_string *method_name = zend_ast_get_str(ast->child[1]);
            if (ce->get_static_method) {
              fptr = ce->get_static_method(ce, method_name);
            } else {
              fptr = zend_hash_find_ptr_lc(&ce->function_table, method_name);
              if (fptr) {
                if (!zend_check_method_accessible(fptr, scope)) {
                  if (ce->__callstatic) {
                    zend_throw_error(NULL, "Creating a callable for the magic __callStatic() method is not supported in constant expressions");
                  } else {
                    zend_bad_method_call(fptr, method_name, scope);
                  }

                  return FAILURE;
                }
              } else {
                if (ce->__callstatic) {
                  zend_throw_error(NULL, "Creating a callable for the magic __callStatic() method is not supported in constant expressions");
                } else {
                  zend_undefined_method(ce, method_name);
                }

                return FAILURE;
              }
            }

            if (!(fptr->common.fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_STATIC)) {
              zend_non_static_method_call(fptr);

              return FAILURE;
            }
            if ((fptr->common.fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT)) {
              zend_abstract_method_call(fptr);

              return FAILURE;
            } else if (fptr->common.scope->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_TRAIT) {
              zend_error(E_DEPRECATED,
                "Calling static trait method %s::%s is deprecated, "
                "it should only be called on a class using the trait",
                ZSTR_VAL(fptr->common.scope->name), ZSTR_VAL(fptr->common.function_name));
              if (EG(exception)) {
                return FAILURE;
              }
            }

            ZEND_MAP_PTR_SET(fcc_ast->fptr, fptr);
          }

          break;
        }
        default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      }

      bool is_fcc = args->children == 1 && args->child[0]->attr == ZEND_PLACEHOLDER_VARIADIC;

      if (is_fcc) {
        zend_create_fake_closure(result, fptr, fptr->common.scope, called_scope, NULL);
        return SUCCESS;
      }

      zend_array *named_positions = NULL;
      bool uses_variadic_placeholder = false;
      zend_execute_data *frame = zend_ast_evaluate_arg_list(
          fptr, args, scope, called_scope, short_circuited_ptr, ctx,
          &named_positions, &uses_variadic_placeholder);
      if (!frame) {
        ZEND_ASSERT(EG(exception));
        return FAILURE;
      }

      void *cache_slot[2] = {0};
      zend_array *extra_named_params = ZEND_CALL_INFO(frame) & ZEND_CALL_HAS_EXTRA_NAMED_PARAMS
            ? frame->extra_named_params
            : NULL;
      uint32_t flags = (fcc_ast->attr & ZEND_PARTIAL_CACHEABLE_IN_SHM);
      if (uses_variadic_placeholder) {
        flags |= ZEND_PARTIAL_USES_VARIADIC_PLACEHOLDER;
      }
      zend_partial_create(result, scope, &frame->This, fptr,
          ZEND_CALL_NUM_ARGS(frame), ZEND_CALL_ARG(frame, 1),
          extra_named_params, named_positions,
          fcc_ast->filename, &ast->lineno,
          (void**)cache_slot, fcc_ast->name, flags, /* const_args */ 0);

      if (named_positions) {
        zend_array_release(named_positions);
      }
      if (extra_named_params) {
        zend_array_release(extra_named_params);
      }
      zend_vm_stack_free_call_frame(frame);

      return EG(exception) ? FAILURE : SUCCESS;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_OP_ARRAY:
    {
      // Preloading will attempt to resolve constants but objects can't be stored in shm
      // Aborting here to store the const AST instead
      if (CG(in_compilation)) {
        return FAILURE;
      }

      zend_function *func = (zend_function *)zend_ast_get_op_array(ast)->op_array;

      zend_create_closure(result, func, scope, scope, NULL);
      return SUCCESS;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
    {
      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op1, ast->child[0], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        return FAILURE;
      }
      if (short_circuited) {
        *short_circuited_ptr = true;
        ZVAL_NULL(result);
        return SUCCESS;
      }
      if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP && Z_TYPE(op1) == IS_NULL) {
        *short_circuited_ptr = true;
        ZVAL_NULL(result);
        return SUCCESS;
      }

      if (UNEXPECTED(zend_ast_evaluate_ex(&op2, ast->child[1], scope, &short_circuited, ctx) != SUCCESS)) {
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        return FAILURE;
      }

      if (!try_convert_to_string(&op2)) {
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
        return FAILURE;
      }

      if (Z_TYPE(op1) != IS_OBJECT) {
        zend_wrong_property_read(&op1, &op2);

        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);

        ZVAL_NULL(result);
        return SUCCESS;
      }

      zend_object *zobj = Z_OBJ(op1);
      if (!(zobj->ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_ENUM)) {
        zend_throw_error(NULL, "Fetching properties on non-enums in constant expressions is not allowed");
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
        return FAILURE;
      }

      zend_string *name = Z_STR(op2);
      zval *property_result = zend_read_property_ex(scope, zobj, name, 0, result);
      if (EG(exception)) {
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
        zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
        return FAILURE;
      }

      if (result != property_result) {
        ZVAL_COPY(result, property_result);
      }
      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1);
      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op2);
      return SUCCESS;
    }
    default:
      zend_throw_error(NULL, "Unsupported constant expression");
      ret = FAILURE;
  }
  return ret;
}

ZEND_API zend_result ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_evaluate(zval *result, zend_ast *ast, zend_class_entry *scope)
{
  zend_ast_evaluate_ctx ctx = {0};
  bool short_circuited;
  return zend_ast_evaluate_ex(result, ast, scope, &short_circuited, &ctx);
}

static size_t ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_tree_size(zend_ast *ast)
{
  size_t size;

  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CONSTANT) {
    size = sizeof(zend_ast_zval);
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_OP_ARRAY) {
    size = sizeof(zend_ast_op_array);
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT) {
    zend_ast *args_ast = ((zend_ast_fcc*)ast)->args;
    size = sizeof(zend_ast_fcc) + zend_ast_tree_size(args_ast);
  } else if (zend_ast_is_list(ast)) {
    uint32_t i;
    const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);

    size = zend_ast_list_size(list->children);
    for (i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
      if (list->child[i]) {
        size += zend_ast_tree_size(list->child[i]);
      }
    }
  } else if (zend_ast_is_decl(ast)) {
    /* Not implemented. */
    ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  } else {
    uint32_t i, children = zend_ast_get_num_children(ast);

    size = zend_ast_size(children);
    for (i = 0; i < children; i++) {
      if (ast->child[i]) {
        size += zend_ast_tree_size(ast->child[i]);
      }
    }
  }
  return size;
}

static void* ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_tree_copy(zend_ast *ast, void *buf)
{
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    zend_ast_zval *new = (zend_ast_zval*)buf;
    new->kind = ZEND_AST_ZVAL;
    new->attr = ast->attr;
    ZVAL_COPY(&new->val, zend_ast_get_zval(ast));
    Z_LINENO(new->val) = zend_ast_get_lineno(ast);
    buf = (void*)((char*)buf + sizeof(zend_ast_zval));
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CONSTANT) {
    zend_ast_zval *new = (zend_ast_zval*)buf;
    new->kind = ZEND_AST_CONSTANT;
    new->attr = ast->attr;
    ZVAL_STR_COPY(&new->val, zend_ast_get_constant_name(ast));
    Z_LINENO(new->val) = zend_ast_get_lineno(ast);
    buf = (void*)((char*)buf + sizeof(zend_ast_zval));
  } else if (zend_ast_is_list(ast)) {
    const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
    zend_ast_list *new = (zend_ast_list*)buf;
    uint32_t i;
    new->kind = list->kind;
    new->attr = list->attr;
    new->children = list->children;
    new->lineno = list->lineno;
    buf = (void*)((char*)buf + zend_ast_list_size(list->children));
    for (i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
      if (list->child[i]) {
        new->child[i] = (zend_ast*)buf;
        buf = zend_ast_tree_copy(list->child[i], buf);
      } else {
        new->child[i] = NULL;
      }
    }
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_OP_ARRAY) {
    const zend_ast_op_array *old = zend_ast_get_op_array(ast);
    zend_ast_op_array *new = (zend_ast_op_array*)buf;
    new->kind = old->kind;
    new->attr = old->attr;
    new->lineno = old->lineno;
    new->op_array = old->op_array;
    function_add_ref((zend_function *)new->op_array);
    buf = (void*)((char*)buf + sizeof(zend_ast_op_array));
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT) {
    const zend_ast_fcc *old = (zend_ast_fcc*)ast;
    zend_ast_fcc *new = (zend_ast_fcc*)buf;
    new->kind = old->kind;
    new->attr = old->attr;
    new->lineno = old->lineno;
    if (old->filename) {
      new->filename = zend_string_copy(old->filename);
    } else {
      new->filename = NULL;
    }
    if (old->name) {
      new->name = zend_string_copy(old->name);
    } else {
      new->name = NULL;
    }
    ZEND_MAP_PTR_INIT(new->fptr, ZEND_MAP_PTR(old->fptr));
    buf = (void*)((char*)buf + sizeof(zend_ast_fcc));
    new->args = buf;
    buf = zend_ast_tree_copy(old->args, buf);
  } else if (zend_ast_is_decl(ast)) {
    /* Not implemented. */
    ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  } else {
    uint32_t i, children = zend_ast_get_num_children(ast);
    zend_ast *new = (zend_ast*)buf;
    new->kind = ast->kind;
    new->attr = ast->attr;
    new->lineno = ast->lineno;
    buf = (void*)((char*)buf + zend_ast_size(children));
    for (i = 0; i < children; i++) {
      if (ast->child[i]) {
        new->child[i] = (zend_ast*)buf;
        buf = zend_ast_tree_copy(ast->child[i], buf);
      } else {
        new->child[i] = NULL;
      }
    }
  }
  return buf;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast_ref * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_copy(zend_ast *ast)
{
  size_t tree_size;
  zend_ast_ref *ref;

  ZEND_ASSERT(ast != NULL);
  tree_size = zend_ast_tree_size(ast) + sizeof(zend_ast_ref);
  ref = emalloc(tree_size);
  zend_ast_tree_copy(ast, GC_AST(ref));
  GC_SET_REFCOUNT(ref, 1);
  GC_TYPE_INFO(ref) = GC_CONSTANT_AST;
  return ref;
}

ZEND_API zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_dup(zend_ast *ast)
{
  ZEND_ASSERT(ast != NULL);

  zend_ast *buf = zend_ast_alloc(zend_ast_tree_size(ast));
  zend_ast_tree_copy(ast, buf);

  return buf;
}

ZEND_API void ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_destroy(zend_ast *ast)
{
tail_call:
  if (!ast) {
    return;
  }

  if (EXPECTED(ast->kind >= ZEND_AST_VAR)) {
    uint32_t i, children = zend_ast_get_num_children(ast);

    for (i = 1; i < children; i++) {
      zend_ast_destroy(ast->child[i]);
    }
    ast = ast->child[0];
    goto tail_call;
  } else if (EXPECTED(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL)) {
    zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(zend_ast_get_zval(ast));
  } else if (EXPECTED(zend_ast_is_list(ast))) {
    const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
    if (list->children) {
      uint32_t i;

      for (i = 1; i < list->children; i++) {
        zend_ast_destroy(list->child[i]);
      }
      ast = list->child[0];
      goto tail_call;
    }
  } else if (EXPECTED(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CONSTANT)) {
    zend_string_release_ex(zend_ast_get_constant_name(ast), 0);
  } else if (EXPECTED(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_OP_ARRAY)) {
    destroy_op_array(zend_ast_get_op_array(ast)->op_array);
  } else if (EXPECTED(zend_ast_is_decl(ast))) {
    const zend_ast_decl *decl = (const zend_ast_decl *) ast;

    if (decl->name) {
        zend_string_release_ex(decl->name, 0);
    }
    if (decl->doc_comment) {
      zend_string_release_ex(decl->doc_comment, 0);
    }
    zend_ast_destroy(decl->child[0]);
    zend_ast_destroy(decl->child[1]);
    zend_ast_destroy(decl->child[2]);
    zend_ast_destroy(decl->child[3]);
    ast = decl->child[4];
    goto tail_call;
  } else if (EXPECTED(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT)) {
    zend_ast_fcc *fcc_ast = (zend_ast_fcc*) ast;

    if (fcc_ast->filename) {
      zend_string_release_ex(fcc_ast->filename, 0);
    }
    if (fcc_ast->name) {
      zend_string_release_ex(fcc_ast->name, 0);
    }
    ast = fcc_ast->args;
    goto tail_call;
  }
}

ZEND_API void ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_ref_destroy(zend_ast_ref *ast)
{
  zend_ast_destroy(GC_AST(ast));
  efree(ast);
}

ZEND_API void zend_ast_apply(zend_ast *ast, zend_ast_apply_func fn, void *context) {
  if (zend_ast_is_list(ast)) {
    zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
      fn(&list->child[i], context);
    }
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT) {
    zend_ast_fcc *fcc_ast = (zend_ast_fcc*)ast;
    fn(&fcc_ast->args, context);
  } else if (zend_ast_is_decl(ast)) {
    /* Not implemented. */
    ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  } else {
    uint32_t i, children = zend_ast_get_num_children(ast);
    for (i = 0; i < children; ++i) {
      fn(&ast->child[i], context);
    }
  }
}

/*
 * Operator Precedence
 * ====================
 * priority  associativity  operators
 * ----------------------------------
 *   10     left            include, include_once, eval, require, require_once
 *   20     left            ,
 *   30     left            or
 *   40     left            xor
 *   50     left            and
 *   60     right           print
 *   70     right           yield
 *   80     right           =>
 *   85     right           yield from
 *   90     right           = += -= *= /= .= %= &= |= ^= <<= >>= **=
 *  100     left            ? :
 *  110     right           ??
 *  120     left            ||
 *  130     left            &&
 *  140     left            |
 *  150     left            ^
 *  160     left            &
 *  170     non-associative == != === !==
 *  180     non-associative < <= > >= <=>
 *  185     left            .
 *  190     left            << >>
 *  200     left            + -
 *  210     left            * / %
 *  220     right           !
 *  230     non-associative instanceof
 *  240     right           + - ++ -- ~ (type) @
 *  250     right           **
 *  260     left            [
 *  270     non-associative clone new
 */

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_ex(smart_str *str, zend_ast *ast, int priority, int indent);

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_str(smart_str *str, const zend_string *s)
{
  for (size_t i = 0; i < ZSTR_LEN(s); i++) {
    unsigned char c = ZSTR_VAL(s)[i];
    if (c == '\'' || c == '\\') {
      smart_str_appendc(str, '\\');
      smart_str_appendc(str, c);
    } else {
      smart_str_appendc(str, c);
    }
  }
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_qstr(smart_str *str, char quote, const zend_string *s)
{
  for (size_t i = 0; i < ZSTR_LEN(s); i++) {
    unsigned char c = ZSTR_VAL(s)[i];
    if (c < ' ') {
      switch (c) {
        case '\n':
          smart_str_appends(str, "\\n");
          break;
        case '\r':
          smart_str_appends(str, "\\r");
          break;
        case '\t':
          smart_str_appends(str, "\\t");
          break;
        case '\f':
          smart_str_appends(str, "\\f");
          break;
        case '\v':
          smart_str_appends(str, "\\v");
          break;
#ifdef ZEND_WIN32
        case VK_ESCAPE:
#else
        case '\e':
#endif
          smart_str_appends(str, "\\e");
          break;
        default:
          smart_str_appends(str, "\\0");
          smart_str_appendc(str, '0' + (c / 8));
          smart_str_appendc(str, '0' + (c % 8));
          break;
      }
    } else {
      if (c == quote || c == '$' || c == '\\') {
        smart_str_appendc(str, '\\');
      }
      smart_str_appendc(str, c);
    }
  }
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_quoted_str(smart_str *str, const zend_string *s)
{
  for (size_t i = 0; i < ZSTR_LEN(s); i++) {
    unsigned char c = ZSTR_VAL(s)[i];
    if (c < ' ') {
      smart_str_appendc(str, '"');
      zend_ast_export_qstr(str, '"', s);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '"');
      return;
    }
  }
  smart_str_appendc(str, '\'');
  zend_ast_export_str(str, s);
  smart_str_appendc(str, '\'');
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_indent(smart_str *str, int indent)
{
  while (indent > 0) {
    smart_str_appends(str, "    ");
    indent--;
  }
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_name(smart_str *str, zend_ast *ast, int priority, int indent)
{
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    const zval *zv = zend_ast_get_zval(ast);

    if (Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_STRING) {
      smart_str_append(str, Z_STR_P(zv));
      return;
    }
  }
  zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast, priority, indent);
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_ns_name(smart_str *str, zend_ast *ast, int priority, int indent)
{
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    const zval *zv = zend_ast_get_zval(ast);

    if (Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_STRING) {
        if (ast->attr == ZEND_NAME_FQ) {
        smart_str_appendc(str, '\\');
        } else if (ast->attr == ZEND_NAME_RELATIVE) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "namespace\\");
        }
      smart_str_append(str, Z_STR_P(zv));
      return;
    }
  }
  zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast, priority, indent);
}
static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_ns_name_or_expression(smart_str *str, zend_ast *ast, int priority, int indent)
{
  switch (ast->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_ZVAL:
    case ZEND_AST_VAR:
      zend_ast_export_ns_name(str, ast, priority, indent);
      break;
    default:
      smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast, priority, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
  }
}

static ZEND_COLD bool zend_ast_valid_var_name(const char *s, size_t len)
{
  unsigned char c;
  size_t i;

  if (len == 0) {
    return false;
  }
  c = (unsigned char)s[0];
  if (c != '_' && c < 127 &&
      (c < 'A' || c > 'Z') &&
      (c < 'a' || c > 'z')) {
    return false;
  }
  for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
    c = (unsigned char)s[i];
    if (c != '_' && c < 127 &&
        (c < '0' || c > '9') &&
        (c < 'A' || c > 'Z') &&
        (c < 'a' || c > 'z')) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_var(smart_str *str, zend_ast *ast, int indent)
{
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    zval *zv = zend_ast_get_zval(ast);
    if (Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_STRING) {
      if (zend_ast_valid_var_name(Z_STRVAL_P(zv), Z_STRLEN_P(zv))) {
        smart_str_append(str, Z_STR_P(zv));
      } else {
        smart_str_appends(str, "{'");
        zend_ast_export_str(str, Z_STR_P(zv));
        smart_str_appends(str, "'}");
      }
      return;
    }
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_VAR) {
    zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast, 0, indent);
    return;
  }
  smart_str_appendc(str, '{');
  zend_ast_export_name(str, ast, 0, indent);
  smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
}

/* Use zend_ast_export_list() unless fewer than `list->children` children should
 * be exported. */
static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_list_ex(smart_str *str, const zend_ast_list *list, bool separator, int priority, int indent, uint32_t children)
{
  ZEND_ASSERT(children <= list->children);
  uint32_t i = 0;

  while (i < children) {
    if (i != 0 && separator) {
      smart_str_appends(str, ", ");
    }
    zend_ast_export_ex(str, list->child[i], priority, indent);
    i++;
  }
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_list(smart_str *str, const zend_ast_list *list, bool separator, int priority, int indent)
{
  zend_ast_export_list_ex(str, list, separator, priority, indent, list->children);
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_encaps_list(smart_str *str, char quote, const zend_ast_list *list, int indent)
{
  uint32_t i = 0;
  zend_ast *ast;

  while (i < list->children) {
    ast = list->child[i];
    if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
      const zval *zv = zend_ast_get_zval(ast);

      ZEND_ASSERT(Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_STRING);
      zend_ast_export_qstr(str, quote, Z_STR_P(zv));
    } else {
      smart_str_appendc(str, '{');
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast, 0, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
    }
    i++;
  }
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_name_list_ex(smart_str *str, const zend_ast_list *list, int indent, const char *separator)
{
  uint32_t i = 0;

  while (i < list->children) {
    if (i != 0) {
      smart_str_appends(str, separator);
    }
    zend_ast_export_name(str, list->child[i], 0, indent);
    i++;
  }
}

#define zend_ast_export_name_list(s, l, i) zend_ast_export_name_list_ex(s, l, i, ", ")
#define zend_ast_export_catch_name_list(s, l, i) zend_ast_export_name_list_ex(s, l, i, "|")

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_var_list(smart_str *str, const zend_ast_list *list, int indent)
{
  uint32_t i = 0;

  while (i < list->children) {
    if (i != 0) {
      smart_str_appends(str, ", ");
    }
    if (list->child[i]->attr & ZEND_BIND_REF) {
      smart_str_appendc(str, '&');
    }
    smart_str_appendc(str, '$');
    zend_ast_export_name(str, list->child[i], 20, indent);
    i++;
  }
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_stmt(smart_str *str, zend_ast *ast, int indent)
{
  if (!ast) {
    return;
  }

  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_STMT_LIST ||
      ast->kind == ZEND_AST_TRAIT_ADAPTATIONS) {
    const zend_ast_list *list = (const zend_ast_list*)ast;
    uint32_t i = 0;

    while (i < list->children) {
      ast = list->child[i];
      zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast, indent);
      i++;
    }
  } else {
    zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
    zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast, 0, indent);
    switch (ast->kind) {
      case ZEND_AST_LABEL:
      case ZEND_AST_IF:
      case ZEND_AST_SWITCH:
      case ZEND_AST_WHILE:
      case ZEND_AST_TRY:
      case ZEND_AST_FOR:
      case ZEND_AST_FOREACH:
      case ZEND_AST_FUNC_DECL:
      case ZEND_AST_METHOD:
      case ZEND_AST_CLASS:
      case ZEND_AST_USE_TRAIT:
      case ZEND_AST_NAMESPACE:
      case ZEND_AST_DECLARE:
        break;
      case ZEND_AST_PROP_GROUP: {
        const zend_ast *first_prop = zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[1])->child[0];
        const zend_ast *hook_list = first_prop->child[3];
        if (hook_list == NULL) {
          smart_str_appendc(str, ';');
        }
        break;
      }
      default:
        smart_str_appendc(str, ';');
        break;
    }
    smart_str_appendc(str, '\n');
  }
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_if_stmt(smart_str *str, const zend_ast_list *list, int indent)
{
  uint32_t i;
  zend_ast *ast;

tail_call:
  i = 0;
  while (i < list->children) {
    ast = list->child[i];
    ZEND_ASSERT(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_IF_ELEM);
    if (ast->child[0]) {
      if (i == 0) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "if (");
      } else {
        zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
        smart_str_appends(str, "} elseif (");
      }
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, ") {\n");
      zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[1], indent + 1);
    } else {
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, "} else ");
      if (ast->child[1] && ast->child[1]->kind == ZEND_AST_IF) {
        list = (const zend_ast_list*)ast->child[1];
        goto tail_call;
      } else {
        smart_str_appends(str, "{\n");
        zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[1], indent + 1);
      }
    }
    i++;
  }
  zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
  smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_zval(smart_str *str, const zval *zv, int priority, int indent)
{
  ZVAL_DEREF(zv);
  switch (Z_TYPE_P(zv)) {
    case IS_NULL:
      smart_str_appends(str, "null");
      break;
    case IS_FALSE:
      smart_str_appends(str, "false");
      break;
    case IS_TRUE:
      smart_str_appends(str, "true");
      break;
    case IS_LONG:
      smart_str_append_long(str, Z_LVAL_P(zv));
      break;
    case IS_DOUBLE:
      smart_str_append_double(
        str, Z_DVAL_P(zv), (int) EG(precision), /* zero_fraction */ true);
      break;
    case IS_STRING:
      zend_ast_export_quoted_str(str, Z_STR_P(zv));
      break;
    case IS_ARRAY: {
      zend_long idx;
      zend_string *key;
      zval *val;
      bool first = true;
      smart_str_appendc(str, '[');
      ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_KEY_VAL(Z_ARRVAL_P(zv), idx, key, val) {
        if (first) {
          first = false;
        } else {
          smart_str_appends(str, ", ");
        }
        if (key) {
          zend_ast_export_quoted_str(str, key);
        } else {
          smart_str_append_long(str, idx);
        }
        smart_str_appends(str, " => ");
        zend_ast_export_zval(str, val, 0, indent);
      } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
      smart_str_appendc(str, ']');
      break;
    }
    case IS_CONSTANT_AST:
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, Z_ASTVAL_P(zv), priority, indent);
      break;
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_class_no_header(smart_str *str, const zend_ast_decl *decl, int indent) {
  if (decl->child[0]) {
    smart_str_appends(str, " extends ");
    zend_ast_export_ns_name(str, decl->child[0], 0, indent);
  }
  if (decl->child[1]) {
    smart_str_appends(str, " implements ");
    zend_ast_export_ex(str, decl->child[1], 0, indent);
  }
  smart_str_appends(str, " {\n");
  zend_ast_export_stmt(str, decl->child[2], indent + 1);
  zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
  smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_attribute_group(smart_str *str, zend_ast *ast, int indent) {
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
    const zend_ast *attr = list->child[i];

    if (i) {
      smart_str_appends(str, ", ");
    }
    zend_ast_export_ns_name(str, attr->child[0], 0, indent);

    if (attr->child[1]) {
      smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, attr->child[1], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
    }
  }
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_attributes(smart_str *str, zend_ast *ast, int indent, bool newlines) {
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  uint32_t i;

  for (i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
    smart_str_appends(str, "#[");
    zend_ast_export_attribute_group(str, list->child[i], indent);
    smart_str_appendc(str, ']');

    if (newlines) {
      smart_str_appendc(str, '\n');
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
    } else {
      smart_str_appendc(str, ' ');
    }
  }
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_visibility(smart_str *str, uint32_t flags, zend_modifier_target target) {
  if (flags & ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC) {
    smart_str_appends(str, "public ");
  } else if (flags & ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED) {
    smart_str_appends(str, "protected ");
  } else if (flags & ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE) {
    smart_str_appends(str, "private ");
  }

  if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY || target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_CPP) {
    if (flags & ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE_SET) {
      smart_str_appends(str, "private(set) ");
    } else if (flags & ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED_SET) {
      smart_str_appends(str, "protected(set) ");
    } else if (flags & ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC_SET) {
      smart_str_appends(str, "public(set) ");
    }
  }
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_type(smart_str *str, zend_ast *ast, int indent) {
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_TYPE_UNION) {
    const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
      if (i != 0) {
        smart_str_appendc(str, '|');
      }
      zend_ast_export_type(str, list->child[i], indent);
    }
    return;
  }
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_TYPE_INTERSECTION) {
    const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
      if (i != 0) {
        smart_str_appendc(str, '&');
      }
      zend_ast_export_type(str, list->child[i], indent);
    }
    return;
  }
  if (ast->attr & ZEND_TYPE_NULLABLE) {
    smart_str_appendc(str, '?');
  }
  zend_ast_export_ns_name(str, ast, 0, indent);
}

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_hook_list(smart_str *str, const zend_ast_list *hook_list, int indent)
{
  smart_str_appends(str, " {");
  smart_str_appendc(str, '\n');
  indent++;
  zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < hook_list->children; i++) {
    const zend_ast_decl *hook = (const zend_ast_decl *)hook_list->child[i];
    zend_ast_export_visibility(str, hook->flags, ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY);
    if (hook->flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL) {
      smart_str_appends(str, "final ");
    }
    smart_str_append(str, hook->name);
    zend_ast *body = hook->child[2];
    if (body == NULL) {
      smart_str_appendc(str, ';');
    } else if (body->kind == ZEND_AST_PROPERTY_HOOK_SHORT_BODY) {
      smart_str_appends(str, " => ");
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, body->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ';');
    } else {
      smart_str_appends(str, " {\n");
      zend_ast_export_stmt(str, body, indent + 1);
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
    }
    if (i < (hook_list->children - 1)) {
      smart_str_appendc(str, '\n');
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
    }
  }
  smart_str_appendc(str, '\n');
  indent--;
  zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
  smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
}

#define BINARY_OP(_op, _p, _pl, _pr) do { \
    op = _op; \
    p = _p; \
    pl = _pl; \
    pr = _pr; \
    goto binary_op; \
  } while (0)

#define PREFIX_OP(_op, _p, _pl) do { \
    op = _op; \
    p = _p; \
    pl = _pl; \
    goto prefix_op; \
  } while (0)

#define FUNC_OP(_op) do { \
    op = _op; \
    goto func_op; \
  } while (0)

#define POSTFIX_OP(_op, _p, _pl) do { \
    op = _op; \
    p = _p; \
    pl = _pl; \
    goto postfix_op; \
  } while (0)

#define APPEND_NODE_1(_op) do { \
    op = _op; \
    goto append_node_1; \
  } while (0)

#define APPEND_STR(_op) do { \
    op = _op; \
    goto append_str; \
  } while (0)

#define APPEND_DEFAULT_VALUE(n) do { \
    p = n; \
    goto append_default_value; \
  } while (0)

static ZEND_COLD void zend_ast_export_ex(smart_str *str, zend_ast *ast, int priority, int indent)
{
  const zend_ast_decl *decl;
  int p, pl, pr;
  const char *op;

tail_call:
  if (!ast) {
    return;
  }
  switch (ast->kind) {
    /* special nodes */
    case ZEND_AST_ZVAL:
      zend_ast_export_zval(str, zend_ast_get_zval(ast), priority, indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CONSTANT: {
      zend_string *name = zend_ast_get_constant_name(ast);
      smart_str_append(str, name);
      break;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_OP_ARRAY:
      smart_str_appends(str, "Closure(");
      smart_str_append(str, zend_ast_get_op_array(ast)->op_array->function_name);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CONSTANT_CLASS:
      smart_str_appendl(str, "__CLASS__", sizeof("__CLASS__")-1);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_ZNODE:
      /* This AST kind is only used for temporary nodes during compilation */
      ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      break;

    /* declaration nodes */
    case ZEND_AST_FUNC_DECL:
    case ZEND_AST_CLOSURE:
    case ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC:
    case ZEND_AST_METHOD:
      decl = (const zend_ast_decl *) ast;
      if (decl->kind == ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC && (decl->attr & ZEND_PARENTHESIZED_ARROW_FUNC)) {
        smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
      }
      if (decl->child[4]) {
        bool newlines = !(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CLOSURE || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC);
        zend_ast_export_attributes(str, decl->child[4], indent, newlines);
      }

      zend_ast_export_visibility(str, decl->flags, ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_METHOD);

      if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_STATIC) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "static ");
      }
      if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "abstract ");
      }
      if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "final ");
      }
      if (decl->kind == ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "fn");
      } else {
        smart_str_appends(str, "function ");
      }
      if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_RETURN_REFERENCE) {
        smart_str_appendc(str, '&');
      }
      if (ast->kind != ZEND_AST_CLOSURE && ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC) {
        smart_str_append(str, decl->name);
      }
      smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, decl->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, decl->child[1], 0, indent);
      if (decl->child[3]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, ": ");
        zend_ast_export_type(str, decl->child[3], indent);
      }
      if (decl->child[2]) {
        if (decl->kind == ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC) {
          zend_ast *body = decl->child[2];
          if (body->kind == ZEND_AST_RETURN) {
            body = body->child[0];
          }
          smart_str_appends(str, " => ");
          zend_ast_export_ex(str, body, 0, indent);
          if (decl->attr & ZEND_PARENTHESIZED_ARROW_FUNC) {
            smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
          }
          break;
        }

        smart_str_appends(str, " {\n");
        zend_ast_export_stmt(str, decl->child[2], indent + 1);
        zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
        smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
        if (ast->kind != ZEND_AST_CLOSURE) {
          smart_str_appendc(str, '\n');
        }
      } else {
        smart_str_appends(str, ";\n");
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS:
      decl = (const zend_ast_decl *) ast;
      if (decl->child[3]) {
        zend_ast_export_attributes(str, decl->child[3], indent, true);
      }
      if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_INTERFACE) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "interface ");
      } else if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_TRAIT) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "trait ");
      } else if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_ENUM) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "enum ");
      } else {
        if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_EXPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS) {
          smart_str_appends(str, "abstract ");
        }
        if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL) {
          smart_str_appends(str, "final ");
        }
        if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_READONLY_CLASS) {
          smart_str_appends(str, "readonly ");
        }
        smart_str_appends(str, "class ");
      }
      smart_str_append(str, decl->name);
      if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_ENUM && decl->child[4]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, ": ");
        zend_ast_export_type(str, decl->child[4], indent);
      }
      zend_ast_export_class_no_header(str, decl, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '\n');
      break;

    /* list nodes */
    case ZEND_AST_ARG_LIST:
    case ZEND_AST_EXPR_LIST:
    case ZEND_AST_PARAM_LIST:
simple_list:
      zend_ast_export_list(str, zend_ast_get_list(ast), true, 20, indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_ARRAY:
      smart_str_appendc(str, '[');
      zend_ast_export_list(str, zend_ast_get_list(ast), true, 20, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ']');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_ENCAPS_LIST:
      smart_str_appendc(str, '"');
      zend_ast_export_encaps_list(str, '"', zend_ast_get_list(ast), indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '"');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_STMT_LIST:
    case ZEND_AST_TRAIT_ADAPTATIONS:
      zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast, indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_IF:
      zend_ast_export_if_stmt(str, zend_ast_get_list(ast), indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_SWITCH_LIST:
    case ZEND_AST_CATCH_LIST:
    case ZEND_AST_MATCH_ARM_LIST:
      zend_ast_export_list(str, zend_ast_get_list(ast), false, 0, indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CLOSURE_USES:
      smart_str_appends(str, " use(");
      zend_ast_export_var_list(str, zend_ast_get_list(ast), indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_PROP_GROUP: {
      zend_ast *type_ast = ast->child[0];
      zend_ast *prop_ast = ast->child[1];

      if (ast->child[2]) {
        zend_ast_export_attributes(str, ast->child[2], indent, true);
      }

      zend_ast_export_visibility(str, ast->attr, ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY);

      if (ast->attr & ZEND_ACC_STATIC) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "static ");
      }
      if (ast->attr & ZEND_ACC_READONLY) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "readonly ");
      }

      if (type_ast) {
        zend_ast_export_type(str, type_ast, indent);
        smart_str_appendc(str, ' ');
      }

      ast = prop_ast;
      goto simple_list;
    }

    case ZEND_AST_CONST_DECL: {
      zend_ast_list *ast_list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
      /* Attributes are stored at the end of the list if present. */
      if (ast_list->child[ast_list->children - 1]->kind == ZEND_AST_ATTRIBUTE_LIST) {
        zend_ast_export_attributes(
          str,
          ast_list->child[ast_list->children - 1],
          indent,
          true
        );
        /* So that the list printing doesn't try to print the attributes,
         * use zend_ast_export_list_ex() to override the number of children
         * to print. */
        smart_str_appends(str, "const ");
        zend_ast_export_list_ex(str, ast_list, true, 20, indent, ast_list->children - 1);
        break;
      }
      smart_str_appends(str, "const ");
      goto simple_list;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST_GROUP:
      if (ast->child[1]) {
        zend_ast_export_attributes(str, ast->child[1], indent, true);
      }

      zend_ast_export_visibility(str, ast->attr, ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_CONSTANT);
      smart_str_appends(str, "const ");
      if (ast->child[2]) {
        zend_ast_export_type(str, ast->child[2], indent);
        smart_str_appendc(str, ' ');
      }

      ast = ast->child[0];

      goto simple_list;
    case ZEND_AST_NAME_LIST:
      zend_ast_export_name_list(str, zend_ast_get_list(ast), indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_USE:
      smart_str_appends(str, "use ");
      if (ast->attr == ZEND_SYMBOL_FUNCTION) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "function ");
      } else if (ast->attr == ZEND_SYMBOL_CONST) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "const ");
      }
      goto simple_list;

    /* 0 child nodes */
    case ZEND_AST_MAGIC_CONST:
      switch (ast->attr) {
        case T_LINE:     APPEND_STR("__LINE__");
        case T_FILE:     APPEND_STR("__FILE__");
        case T_DIR:      APPEND_STR("__DIR__");
        case T_TRAIT_C:  APPEND_STR("__TRAIT__");
        case T_METHOD_C: APPEND_STR("__METHOD__");
        case T_FUNC_C:   APPEND_STR("__FUNCTION__");
        case T_PROPERTY_C: APPEND_STR("__PROPERTY__");
        case T_NS_C:     APPEND_STR("__NAMESPACE__");
        case T_CLASS_C:  APPEND_STR("__CLASS__");
        default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_TYPE:
      switch (ast->attr & ~ZEND_TYPE_NULLABLE) {
        case IS_ARRAY:    APPEND_STR("array");
        case IS_CALLABLE: APPEND_STR("callable");
        case IS_STATIC:   APPEND_STR("static");
        case IS_MIXED:    APPEND_STR("mixed");
        default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_PLACEHOLDER_ARG:
      if (ast->attr == ZEND_PLACEHOLDER_VARIADIC) {
        APPEND_STR("...");
      } else  {
        APPEND_STR("?");
      }
      break;

    /* 1 child node */
    case ZEND_AST_VAR:
      smart_str_appendc(str, '$');
      zend_ast_export_var(str, ast->child[0], indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CONST:
      zend_ast_export_ns_name(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_UNPACK:
      smart_str_appends(str, "...");
      ast = ast->child[0];
      goto tail_call;
    case ZEND_AST_UNARY_PLUS:  PREFIX_OP("+", 240, 241);
    case ZEND_AST_UNARY_MINUS: PREFIX_OP("-", 240, 241);
    case ZEND_AST_CAST:
      switch (ast->attr) {
        case IS_NULL:      PREFIX_OP("(unset)",  240, 241);
        case _IS_BOOL:     PREFIX_OP("(bool)",   240, 241);
        case IS_LONG:      PREFIX_OP("(int)",    240, 241);
        case IS_DOUBLE:    PREFIX_OP("(float)", 240, 241);
        case IS_STRING:    PREFIX_OP("(string)", 240, 241);
        case IS_ARRAY:     PREFIX_OP("(array)",  240, 241);
        case IS_OBJECT:    PREFIX_OP("(object)", 240, 241);
        default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CAST_VOID:
      PREFIX_OP("(void)", 240, 241);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_EMPTY:
      FUNC_OP("empty");
    case ZEND_AST_ISSET:
      FUNC_OP("isset");
    case ZEND_AST_SILENCE:
      PREFIX_OP("@", 240, 241);
    case ZEND_AST_SHELL_EXEC:
      smart_str_appendc(str, '`');
      if (ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ENCAPS_LIST) {
        zend_ast_export_encaps_list(str, '`', zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[0]), indent);
      } else {
        zval *zv;
        ZEND_ASSERT(ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL);
        zv = zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0]);
        ZEND_ASSERT(Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_STRING);
        zend_ast_export_qstr(str, '`', Z_STR_P(zv));
      }
      smart_str_appendc(str, '`');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_PRINT:
      PREFIX_OP("print ", 60, 61);
    case ZEND_AST_INCLUDE_OR_EVAL:
      switch (ast->attr) {
        case ZEND_INCLUDE_ONCE: FUNC_OP("include_once");
        case ZEND_INCLUDE:      FUNC_OP("include");
        case ZEND_REQUIRE_ONCE: FUNC_OP("require_once");
        case ZEND_REQUIRE:      FUNC_OP("require");
        case ZEND_EVAL:         FUNC_OP("eval");
        default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_UNARY_OP:
      switch (ast->attr) {
        case ZEND_BW_NOT:   PREFIX_OP("~", 240, 241);
        case ZEND_BOOL_NOT: PREFIX_OP("!", 240, 241);
        default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_PRE_INC:
      PREFIX_OP("++", 240, 241);
    case ZEND_AST_PRE_DEC:
      PREFIX_OP("--", 240, 241);
    case ZEND_AST_POST_INC:
      POSTFIX_OP("++", 240, 241);
    case ZEND_AST_POST_DEC:
      POSTFIX_OP("--", 240, 241);

    case ZEND_AST_GLOBAL:
      APPEND_NODE_1("global");
    case ZEND_AST_UNSET:
      FUNC_OP("unset");
    case ZEND_AST_RETURN:
      APPEND_NODE_1("return");
    case ZEND_AST_LABEL:
      zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ':');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_REF:
      smart_str_appendc(str, '&');
      ast = ast->child[0];
      goto tail_call;
    case ZEND_AST_HALT_COMPILER:
      APPEND_STR("__HALT_COMPILER()");
    case ZEND_AST_ECHO:
      APPEND_NODE_1("echo");
    case ZEND_AST_THROW:
      APPEND_NODE_1("throw");
    case ZEND_AST_GOTO:
      smart_str_appends(str, "goto ");
      zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_BREAK:
      APPEND_NODE_1("break");
    case ZEND_AST_CONTINUE:
      APPEND_NODE_1("continue");

    /* 2 child nodes */
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 260, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '[');
      if (ast->child[1]) {
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      }
      smart_str_appendc(str, ']');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP ? "?->" : "->");
      zend_ast_export_var(str, ast->child[1], indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP:
      zend_ast_export_ns_name_or_expression(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, "::$");
      zend_ast_export_var(str, ast->child[1], indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CALL: {
      zend_ast_export_ns_name_or_expression(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
      break;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT: {
      zend_ast_fcc *fcc_ast = (zend_ast_fcc*)ast;
      ast = fcc_ast->args;
      goto simple_list;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST:
      zend_ast_export_ns_name_or_expression(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, "::");
      zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_NAME:
      if (ast->child[0] == NULL) {
        /* The const expr representation stores the fetch type instead. */
        switch (ast->attr) {
          case ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SELF:
            smart_str_append(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_SELF));
            break;
          case ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_PARENT:
            smart_str_append(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_PARENT));
            break;
          default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
        }
      } else {
        zend_ast_export_ns_name_or_expression(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      }
      smart_str_appends(str, "::class");
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_ASSIGN:            BINARY_OP(" = ",   90, 91, 90);
    case ZEND_AST_ASSIGN_REF:        BINARY_OP(" =& ",  90, 91, 90);
    case ZEND_AST_ASSIGN_OP:
      switch (ast->attr) {
        case ZEND_ADD:    BINARY_OP(" += ",  90, 91, 90);
        case ZEND_SUB:    BINARY_OP(" -= ",  90, 91, 90);
        case ZEND_MUL:    BINARY_OP(" *= ",  90, 91, 90);
        case ZEND_DIV:    BINARY_OP(" /= ",  90, 91, 90);
        case ZEND_MOD:    BINARY_OP(" %= ",  90, 91, 90);
        case ZEND_SL:     BINARY_OP(" <<= ", 90, 91, 90);
        case ZEND_SR:     BINARY_OP(" >>= ", 90, 91, 90);
        case ZEND_CONCAT: BINARY_OP(" .= ",  90, 91, 90);
        case ZEND_BW_OR:  BINARY_OP(" |= ",  90, 91, 90);
        case ZEND_BW_AND: BINARY_OP(" &= ",  90, 91, 90);
        case ZEND_BW_XOR: BINARY_OP(" ^= ",  90, 91, 90);
        case ZEND_POW:    BINARY_OP(" **= ", 90, 91, 90);
        default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_ASSIGN_COALESCE: BINARY_OP(" \?\?= ", 90, 91, 90);
    case ZEND_AST_BINARY_OP:
      switch (ast->attr) {
        case ZEND_ADD:                 BINARY_OP(" + ",   200, 200, 201);
        case ZEND_SUB:                 BINARY_OP(" - ",   200, 200, 201);
        case ZEND_MUL:                 BINARY_OP(" * ",   210, 210, 211);
        case ZEND_DIV:                 BINARY_OP(" / ",   210, 210, 211);
        case ZEND_MOD:                 BINARY_OP(" % ",   210, 210, 211);
        case ZEND_SL:                  BINARY_OP(" << ",  190, 190, 191);
        case ZEND_SR:                  BINARY_OP(" >> ",  190, 190, 191);
        case ZEND_CONCAT:              BINARY_OP(" . ",   185, 185, 186);
        case ZEND_BW_OR:               BINARY_OP(" | ",   140, 140, 141);
        case ZEND_BW_AND:              BINARY_OP(" & ",   160, 160, 161);
        case ZEND_BW_XOR:              BINARY_OP(" ^ ",   150, 150, 151);
        case ZEND_IS_IDENTICAL:        BINARY_OP(" === ", 170, 171, 171);
        case ZEND_IS_NOT_IDENTICAL:    BINARY_OP(" !== ", 170, 171, 171);
        case ZEND_IS_EQUAL:            BINARY_OP(" == ",  170, 171, 171);
        case ZEND_IS_NOT_EQUAL:        BINARY_OP(" != ",  170, 171, 171);
        case ZEND_IS_SMALLER:          BINARY_OP(" < ",   180, 181, 181);
        case ZEND_IS_SMALLER_OR_EQUAL: BINARY_OP(" <= ",  180, 181, 181);
        case ZEND_POW:                 BINARY_OP(" ** ",  250, 251, 250);
        case ZEND_BOOL_XOR:            BINARY_OP(" xor ",  40,  40,  41);
        case ZEND_SPACESHIP:           BINARY_OP(" <=> ", 180, 181, 181);
        default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_GREATER:                 BINARY_OP(" > ",   180, 181, 181);
    case ZEND_AST_GREATER_EQUAL:           BINARY_OP(" >= ",  180, 181, 181);
    case ZEND_AST_AND:                     BINARY_OP(" && ",  130, 130, 131);
    case ZEND_AST_OR:                      BINARY_OP(" || ",  120, 120, 121);
    case ZEND_AST_PIPE:                    BINARY_OP(" |> ",  183, 183, 184);
    case ZEND_AST_ARRAY_ELEM:
      if (ast->child[1]) {
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 80, indent);
        smart_str_appends(str, " => ");
      }
      if (ast->attr)
        smart_str_appendc(str, '&');
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 80, indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_NEW:
      smart_str_appends(str, "new ");
      if (ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_CLASS) {
        const zend_ast_decl *decl = (const zend_ast_decl *) ast->child[0];
        if (decl->child[3]) {
          zend_ast_export_attributes(str, decl->child[3], indent, false);
        }
        smart_str_appends(str, "class");
        if (!zend_ast_is_list(ast->child[1])
            || zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[1])->children) {
          smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
          zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
          smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
        }
        zend_ast_export_class_no_header(str, decl, indent);
      } else {
        zend_ast_export_ns_name_or_expression(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
        smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
        smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_INSTANCEOF:
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, " instanceof ");
      zend_ast_export_ns_name_or_expression(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_YIELD:
      if (priority > 70) smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
      smart_str_appends(str, "yield ");
      if (ast->child[0]) {
        if (ast->child[1]) {
          zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 70, indent);
          smart_str_appends(str, " => ");
        }
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 70, indent);
      }
      if (priority > 70) smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_YIELD_FROM:
      PREFIX_OP("yield from ", 85, 86);
    case ZEND_AST_COALESCE: BINARY_OP(" ?? ", 110, 111, 110);
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC:
      smart_str_appends(str, "static $");
      zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      APPEND_DEFAULT_VALUE(1);
    case ZEND_AST_WHILE:
      smart_str_appends(str, "while (");
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, ") {\n");
      zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[1], indent + 1);
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_DO_WHILE:
      smart_str_appends(str, "do {\n");
      zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[0], indent + 1);
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, "} while (");
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
      break;

    case ZEND_AST_IF_ELEM:
      if (ast->child[0]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "if (");
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
        smart_str_appends(str, ") {\n");
        zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[1], indent + 1);
      } else {
        smart_str_appends(str, "else {\n");
        zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[1], indent + 1);
      }
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_SWITCH:
      smart_str_appends(str, "switch (");
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, ") {\n");
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent + 1);
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_SWITCH_CASE:
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      if (ast->child[0]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "case ");
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
        smart_str_appends(str, ":\n");
      } else {
        smart_str_appends(str, "default:\n");
      }
      zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[1], indent + 1);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_MATCH:
      smart_str_appends(str, "match (");
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, ") {\n");
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent + 1);
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_MATCH_ARM:
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      if (ast->child[0]) {
        zend_ast_export_list(str, zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[0]), true, 0, indent);
        smart_str_appends(str, " => ");
      } else {
        smart_str_appends(str, "default => ");
      }
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, 0);
      smart_str_appends(str, ",\n");
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_DECLARE:
      smart_str_appends(str, "declare(");
      ZEND_ASSERT(ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_CONST_DECL);
      zend_ast_export_list(str, zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[0]), true, 0, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
      if (ast->child[1]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " {\n");
        zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[1], indent + 1);
        zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
        smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
      } else {
        smart_str_appendc(str, ';');
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_PROP_ELEM:
      smart_str_appendc(str, '$');
      zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);

      zend_ast *default_value = ast->child[1];
      if (default_value) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " = ");
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, default_value, 0, indent + 1);
      }

      if (ast->child[3]) {
        zend_ast_export_hook_list(str, zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[3]), indent);
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CONST_ELEM:
      zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      APPEND_DEFAULT_VALUE(1);
    case ZEND_AST_USE_TRAIT:
      smart_str_appends(str, "use ");
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      if (ast->child[1]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " {\n");
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent + 1);
        zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
        smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
      } else {
        smart_str_appendc(str, ';');
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_TRAIT_PRECEDENCE:
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, " insteadof ");
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_TRAIT_METHOD_REFERENCE:
      if (ast->child[0]) {
        zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
        smart_str_appends(str, "::");
      }
      zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_NAMESPACE:
      smart_str_appends(str, "namespace");
      if (ast->child[0]) {
        smart_str_appendc(str, ' ');
        zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      }
      if (ast->child[1]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " {\n");
        zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[1], indent + 1);
        zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
        smart_str_appends(str, "}\n");
      } else {
        smart_str_appendc(str, ';');
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_USE_ELEM:
      if (ast->attr == ZEND_SYMBOL_FUNCTION) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "function ");
      } else if (ast->attr == ZEND_SYMBOL_CONST) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "const ");
      }

      zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);

      if (ast->child[1]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " as ");
        zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_TRAIT_ALIAS:
      zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      if (ast->attr & ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " as public");
      } else if (ast->attr & ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " as protected");
      } else if (ast->attr & ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " as private");
      } else if (ast->child[1]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " as");
      }
      if (ast->child[1]) {
        smart_str_appendc(str, ' ');
        zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG:
      smart_str_append(str, zend_ast_get_str(ast->child[0]));
      smart_str_appends(str, ": ");
      ast = ast->child[1];
      goto tail_call;
    case ZEND_AST_GROUP_USE:
      smart_str_appends(str, "use ");
      if (ast->attr == ZEND_SYMBOL_FUNCTION) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "function ");
      } else if (ast->attr == ZEND_SYMBOL_CONST) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "const ");
      }
      smart_str_append(str, zend_ast_get_str(ast->child[0]));
      smart_str_appends(str, "\\{");
      zend_ast_export_list(str, zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[1]), true, 20, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, "}");
      break;

    /* 3 child nodes */
    case ZEND_AST_METHOD_CALL:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_METHOD_CALL:
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_METHOD_CALL ? "?->" : "->");
      zend_ast_export_var(str, ast->child[1], indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[2], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL:
      if (zend_ast_is_parent_hook_call(ast)) {
        zend_ast_export_ns_name(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      } else {
        zend_ast_export_ns_name_or_expression(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      }

      smart_str_appends(str, "::");
      zend_ast_export_var(str, ast->child[1], indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[2], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CONDITIONAL:
      if (priority > 100) smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 100, indent);
      if (ast->child[1]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " ? ");
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 101, indent);
        smart_str_appends(str, " : ");
      } else {
        smart_str_appends(str, " ?: ");
      }
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[2], 101, indent);
      if (priority > 100) smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
      break;

    case ZEND_AST_TRY:
      smart_str_appends(str, "try {\n");
      zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[0], indent + 1);
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      if (ast->child[2]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "} finally {\n");
        zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[2], indent + 1);
        zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      }
      smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CATCH:
      smart_str_appends(str, "} catch (");
      zend_ast_export_catch_name_list(str, zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[0]), indent);
      if (ast->child[1]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " $");
        zend_ast_export_var(str, ast->child[1], indent);
      }
      smart_str_appends(str, ") {\n");
      zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[2], indent + 1);
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_PARAM:
      if (ast->child[3]) {
        zend_ast_export_attributes(str, ast->child[3], indent, false);
      }
      zend_ast_export_visibility(str, ast->attr, ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_CPP);
      if (ast->attr & ZEND_ACC_FINAL) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "final ");
      }
      if (ast->child[0]) {
        zend_ast_export_type(str, ast->child[0], indent);
        smart_str_appendc(str, ' ');
      }
      if (ast->attr & ZEND_PARAM_REF) {
        smart_str_appendc(str, '&');
      }
      if (ast->attr & ZEND_PARAM_VARIADIC) {
        smart_str_appends(str, "...");
      }
      smart_str_appendc(str, '$');
      zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      if (ast->child[2]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " = ");
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[2], 0, indent);
      }
      if (ast->child[5]) {
        zend_ast_export_hook_list(str, zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[5]), indent);
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_ENUM_CASE:
      if (ast->child[3]) {
        zend_ast_export_attributes(str, ast->child[3], indent, true);
      }
      smart_str_appends(str, "case ");
      zend_ast_export_name(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      if (ast->child[1]) {
        smart_str_appends(str, " = ");
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      }
      break;

    /* 4 child nodes */
    case ZEND_AST_FOR:
      smart_str_appends(str, "for (");
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, ';');
      if (ast->child[1]) {
        smart_str_appendc(str, ' ');
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      }
      smart_str_appendc(str, ';');
      if (ast->child[2]) {
        smart_str_appendc(str, ' ');
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[2], 0, indent);
      }
      smart_str_appends(str, ") {\n");
      zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[3], indent + 1);
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_FOREACH:
      smart_str_appends(str, "foreach (");
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, " as ");
      if (ast->child[2]) {
        zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[2], 0, indent);
        smart_str_appends(str, " => ");
      }
      zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], 0, indent);
      smart_str_appends(str, ") {\n");
      zend_ast_export_stmt(str, ast->child[3], indent + 1);
      zend_ast_export_indent(str, indent);
      smart_str_appendc(str, '}');
      break;
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
  return;

binary_op:
  if (priority > p) smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
  zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], pl, indent);
  smart_str_appends(str, op);
  zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[1], pr, indent);
  if (priority > p) smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
  return;

prefix_op:
  if (priority > p) smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
  smart_str_appends(str, op);
  zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], pl, indent);
  if (priority > p) smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
  return;

postfix_op:
  if (priority > p) smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
  zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], pl, indent);
  smart_str_appends(str, op);
  if (priority > p) smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
  return;

func_op:
  smart_str_appends(str, op);
  smart_str_appendc(str, '(');
  zend_ast_export_ex(str, ast->child[0], 0, indent);
  smart_str_appendc(str, ')');
  return;

append_node_1:
  smart_str_appends(str, op);
  if (ast->child[0]) {
    smart_str_appendc(str, ' ');
    ast = ast->child[0];
    goto tail_call;
  }
  return;

append_str:
  smart_str_appends(str, op);
  return;

append_default_value:
  if (ast->child[p]) {
    smart_str_appends(str, " = ");
    ast = ast->child[p];
    goto tail_call;
  }
  return;
}

ZEND_API ZEND_COLD zend_string *zend_ast_export(const char *prefix, zend_ast *ast, const char *suffix)
{
  smart_str str = {0};

  smart_str_appends(&str, prefix);
  zend_ast_export_ex(&str, ast, 0, 0);
  smart_str_appends(&str, suffix);
  smart_str_0(&str);
  return str.s;
}

zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_with_attributes(zend_ast *ast, zend_ast *attr)
{
  ZEND_ASSERT(attr->kind == ZEND_AST_ATTRIBUTE_LIST);

  switch (ast->kind) {
  case ZEND_AST_FUNC_DECL:
  case ZEND_AST_CLOSURE:
  case ZEND_AST_METHOD:
  case ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC:
  case ZEND_AST_PROPERTY_HOOK:
    ((zend_ast_decl *) ast)->child[4] = attr;
    break;
  case ZEND_AST_CLASS:
    ((zend_ast_decl *) ast)->child[3] = attr;
    break;
  case ZEND_AST_PROP_GROUP:
    ast->child[2] = attr;
    break;
  case ZEND_AST_PARAM:
  case ZEND_AST_ENUM_CASE:
    ast->child[3] = attr;
    break;
  case ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST_GROUP:
    ast->child[1] = attr;
    break;
  case ZEND_AST_CONST_DECL:
    /* Since constants are already stored in a list, just add the attributes
     * to that list instead of storing them elsewhere;
     * zend_compile_const_decl() checks the kind of the list elements. */
    ast = zend_ast_list_add(ast, attr);
    break;
  default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }

  return ast;
}

zend_ast * ZEND_FASTCALL zend_ast_call_get_args(zend_ast *ast)
{
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALL) {
    return ast->child[1];
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_METHOD_CALL) {
    return ast->child[2];
  }

  ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  return NULL;
}

bool zend_ast_is_parent_hook_call(const zend_ast *ast)
{
  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL);

  const zend_ast *class_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *method_ast = ast->child[1];

  return class_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP
    && !(class_ast->attr & ZEND_PARENTHESIZED_STATIC_PROP)
    && class_ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL
    && Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(class_ast->child[0])) == IS_STRING
    && zend_get_class_fetch_type(zend_ast_get_str(class_ast->child[0])) == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_PARENT
    && class_ast->child[1]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL
    && method_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL
    && Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(method_ast)) == IS_STRING
    && (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(zend_ast_get_str(method_ast), "get")
      || zend_string_equals_literal_ci(zend_ast_get_str(method_ast), "set"));
}

Coverage Report

Created: 2026-10-28 06:20