/src/php-src/Zend/zend_compile.c

Source
/*
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Zend Engine                                                          |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Copyright © Zend Technologies Ltd., a subsidiary company of          |
   |     Perforce Software, Inc., and Contributors.                       |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | This source file is subject to the Modified BSD License that is      |
   | bundled with this package in the file LICENSE, and is available      |
   | through the World Wide Web at <https://www.php.net/license/>.        |
   |                                                                      |
   | SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause                                |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Authors: Andi Gutmans <andi@php.net>                                 |
   |          Zeev Suraski <zeev@php.net>                                 |
   |          Nikita Popov <nikic@php.net>                                |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
*/

#include <zend_language_parser.h>
#include "zend.h"
#include "zend_ast.h"
#include "zend_attributes.h"
#include "zend_compile.h"
#include "zend_constants.h"
#include "zend_llist.h"
#include "zend_API.h"
#include "zend_exceptions.h"
#include "zend_interfaces.h"
#include "zend_types.h"
#include "zend_portability.h"
#include "zend_string.h"
#include "zend_virtual_cwd.h"
#include "zend_multibyte.h"
#include "zend_language_scanner.h"
#include "zend_inheritance.h"
#include "zend_vm.h"
#include "zend_enum.h"
#include "zend_observer.h"
#include "zend_call_stack.h"
#include "zend_frameless_function.h"
#include "zend_property_hooks.h"
#include "zend_partial.h"

#define SET_NODE(target, src) do { \
    target ## _type = (src)->op_type; \
    if ((src)->op_type == IS_CONST) { \
      target.constant = zend_add_literal(&(src)->u.constant); \
    } else { \
      target = (src)->u.op; \
    } \
  } while (0)

#define GET_NODE(target, src) do { \
    (target)->op_type = src ## _type; \
    if ((target)->op_type == IS_CONST) { \
      ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(&(target)->u.constant, CT_CONSTANT(src)); \
    } else { \
      (target)->u.op = src; \
    } \
  } while (0)

#define FC(member) (CG(file_context).member)

typedef struct _zend_loop_var {
  uint8_t opcode;
  uint8_t var_type;
  uint32_t   var_num;
  uint32_t   try_catch_offset;
} zend_loop_var;

static inline uint32_t zend_alloc_cache_slots(unsigned count) {
  if (count == 0) {
    /* Even if no cache slots are desired, the VM handler may still want to acquire
     * CACHE_ADDR() unconditionally. Returning zero makes sure that the address
     * calculation is still legal and ubsan does not complain. */
    return 0;
  }

  zend_op_array *op_array = CG(active_op_array);
  uint32_t ret = op_array->cache_size;
  op_array->cache_size += count * sizeof(void*);
  return ret;
}

static inline uint32_t zend_alloc_cache_slot(void) {
  return zend_alloc_cache_slots(1);
}

ZEND_API zend_op_array *(*zend_compile_file)(zend_file_handle *file_handle, int type);
ZEND_API zend_op_array *(*zend_compile_string)(zend_string *source_string, const char *filename, zend_compile_position position);

#ifndef ZTS
ZEND_API zend_compiler_globals compiler_globals;
ZEND_API zend_executor_globals executor_globals;
#endif

static zend_op *zend_emit_op(znode *result, uint8_t opcode, znode *op1, znode *op2);
static bool zend_try_ct_eval_array(zval *result, zend_ast *ast);
static void zend_eval_const_expr(zend_ast **ast_ptr);

static zend_op *zend_compile_var(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type, bool by_ref);
static zend_op *zend_delayed_compile_var(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type, bool by_ref);
static void zend_compile_expr(znode *result, zend_ast *ast);
static void zend_compile_stmt(zend_ast *ast);
static void zend_compile_assign(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, bool stmt, uint32_t type);

static zend_ast *zend_partial_apply(zend_ast *callable_ast, zend_ast *pipe_arg);

#ifdef ZEND_CHECK_STACK_LIMIT
zend_never_inline static void zend_stack_limit_error(void)
{
  size_t max_stack_size = 0;
  if ((uintptr_t) EG(stack_base) > (uintptr_t) EG(stack_limit)) {
    max_stack_size = (size_t) ((uintptr_t) EG(stack_base) - (uintptr_t) EG(stack_limit));
  }

  zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
    "Maximum call stack size of %zu bytes (zend.max_allowed_stack_size - zend.reserved_stack_size) reached during compilation. Try splitting expression",
    max_stack_size);
}

static void zend_check_stack_limit(void)
{
  if (UNEXPECTED(zend_call_stack_overflowed(EG(stack_limit)))) {
    zend_stack_limit_error();
  }
}
#else /* ZEND_CHECK_STACK_LIMIT */
static void zend_check_stack_limit(void)
{
}
#endif /* ZEND_CHECK_STACK_LIMIT */

static void init_op(zend_op *op)
{
  MAKE_NOP(op);
  op->extended_value = 0;
  op->lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
#ifdef ZEND_VERIFY_TYPE_INFERENCE
  op->op1_use_type = 0;
  op->op2_use_type = 0;
  op->result_use_type = 0;
  op->op1_def_type = 0;
  op->op2_def_type = 0;
  op->result_def_type = 0;
#endif
}

static zend_always_inline uint32_t get_next_op_number(void)
{
  return CG(active_op_array)->last;
}

static zend_op *get_next_op(void)
{
  zend_op_array *op_array = CG(active_op_array);
  uint32_t next_op_num = op_array->last++;
  zend_op *next_op;

  if (UNEXPECTED(next_op_num >= CG(context).opcodes_size)) {
    CG(context).opcodes_size *= 4;
    op_array->opcodes = erealloc(op_array->opcodes, CG(context).opcodes_size * sizeof(zend_op));
  }

  next_op = &(op_array->opcodes[next_op_num]);

  init_op(next_op);

  return next_op;
}

static zend_brk_cont_element *get_next_brk_cont_element(void)
{
  CG(context).last_brk_cont++;
  CG(context).brk_cont_array = erealloc(CG(context).brk_cont_array, sizeof(zend_brk_cont_element) * CG(context).last_brk_cont);
  return &CG(context).brk_cont_array[CG(context).last_brk_cont-1];
}

static zend_string *zend_build_runtime_definition_key(zend_string *name, uint32_t start_lineno) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_string *filename = CG(active_op_array)->filename;
  zend_string *result = zend_strpprintf(0, "%c%s%s:%" PRIu32 "$%" PRIx32,
    '\0', ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(filename), start_lineno, CG(rtd_key_counter)++);
  return zend_new_interned_string(result);
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_get_unqualified_name(const zend_string *name, const char **result, size_t *result_len) /* {{{ */
{
  const char *ns_separator = zend_memrchr(ZSTR_VAL(name), '\\', ZSTR_LEN(name));
  if (ns_separator != NULL) {
    *result = ns_separator + 1;
    *result_len = ZSTR_VAL(name) + ZSTR_LEN(name) - *result;
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}
/* }}} */

typedef struct builtin_type_info {
  const char* name;
  const size_t name_len;
  const uint8_t type;
} builtin_type_info;

static const builtin_type_info builtin_types[] = {
  {ZEND_STRL("null"), IS_NULL},
  {ZEND_STRL("true"), IS_TRUE},
  {ZEND_STRL("false"), IS_FALSE},
  {ZEND_STRL("int"), IS_LONG},
  {ZEND_STRL("float"), IS_DOUBLE},
  {ZEND_STRL("string"), IS_STRING},
  {ZEND_STRL("bool"), _IS_BOOL},
  {ZEND_STRL("void"), IS_VOID},
  {ZEND_STRL("never"), IS_NEVER},
  {ZEND_STRL("iterable"), IS_ITERABLE},
  {ZEND_STRL("object"), IS_OBJECT},
  {ZEND_STRL("mixed"), IS_MIXED},
  /* Should be handled as ZEND_TYPE_ASTs but it may have a namespace component */
  {ZEND_STRL("array"), IS_ARRAY},
  {ZEND_STRL("callable"), IS_CALLABLE},
  {ZEND_STRL("static"), IS_STATIC},
  /* self and parent are effectively built-in types (and thus reserved), but they allow namespace components */
  {ZEND_STRL("self"), IS_UNDEF},
  {ZEND_STRL("parent"), IS_UNDEF},
  {NULL, 0, IS_UNDEF}
};

static bool zend_is_reserved_class_name(const zend_string *name) /* {{{ */
{
  const builtin_type_info *reserved = builtin_types;

  const char *uqname = ZSTR_VAL(name);
  size_t uqname_len = ZSTR_LEN(name);
  zend_get_unqualified_name(name, &uqname, &uqname_len);

  for (; reserved->name; ++reserved) {
    if (uqname_len == reserved->name_len
      && zend_binary_strcasecmp(uqname, uqname_len, reserved->name, reserved->name_len) == 0
    ) {
      return true;
    }
  }

  return false;
}
/* }}} */

void zend_assert_valid_class_name(const zend_string *name, const char *type) /* {{{ */
{
  if (zend_is_reserved_class_name(name)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "Cannot use \"%s\" as %s as it is reserved", ZSTR_VAL(name), type);
  }
  if (zend_string_equals_literal(name, "_") || zend_string_ends_with_literal(name, "\\_")) {
    zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Using \"_\" as %s is deprecated since 8.4", type);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "let") || zend_string_ends_with_literal(name, "\\let")) {
    zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Using \"let\" as %s is deprecated since 8.6", type);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "is") || zend_string_ends_with_literal(name, "\\is")) {
    zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Using \"is\" as %s is deprecated since 8.6", type);
  }
}
/* }}} */

typedef struct {
  const char *name;
  size_t name_len;
  const char *correct_name;
} confusable_type_info;

static const confusable_type_info confusable_types[] = {
  {ZEND_STRL("boolean"), "bool"},
  {ZEND_STRL("integer"), "int"},
  {ZEND_STRL("double"), "float"},
  {ZEND_STRL("resource"), NULL},
  {NULL, 0, NULL},
};

static zend_always_inline uint8_t zend_lookup_builtin_type_by_name(const zend_string *name) /* {{{ */
{
  const builtin_type_info *info = &builtin_types[0];

  for (; info->name; ++info) {
    if (zend_string_equals_cstr_ci(name, info->name, info->name_len)) {
      return info->type;
    }
  }

  return 0;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_always_inline bool zend_is_confusable_type(const zend_string *name, const char **correct_name) /* {{{ */
{
  const confusable_type_info *info = confusable_types;

  /* Intentionally using case-sensitive comparison here, because "integer" is likely intended
   * as a scalar type, while "Integer" is likely a class type. */
  for (; info->name; ++info) {
    if (zend_string_equals_cstr(name, info->name, info->name_len)) {
      *correct_name = info->correct_name;
      return 1;
    }
  }

  return 0;
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_is_not_imported(zend_string *name) {
  /* Assuming "name" is unqualified here. */
  return !FC(imports) || zend_hash_find_ptr_lc(FC(imports), name) == NULL;
}

void zend_oparray_context_begin(zend_oparray_context *prev_context, zend_op_array *op_array) /* {{{ */
{
  *prev_context = CG(context);
  CG(context).prev = CG(context).op_array ? prev_context : NULL;
  CG(context).op_array = op_array;
  CG(context).opcodes_size = INITIAL_OP_ARRAY_SIZE;
  CG(context).vars_size = 0;
  CG(context).literals_size = 0;
  CG(context).fast_call_var = -1;
  CG(context).try_catch_offset = -1;
  CG(context).current_brk_cont = -1;
  CG(context).last_brk_cont = 0;
  CG(context).has_assigned_to_http_response_header = false;
  CG(context).brk_cont_array = NULL;
  CG(context).labels = NULL;
  CG(context).in_jmp_frameless_branch = false;
  CG(context).in_finally = false;
  CG(context).active_property_info_name = NULL;
  CG(context).active_property_hook_kind = (zend_property_hook_kind)-1;
}
/* }}} */

void zend_oparray_context_end(const zend_oparray_context *prev_context) /* {{{ */
{
  if (CG(context).brk_cont_array) {
    efree(CG(context).brk_cont_array);
    CG(context).brk_cont_array = NULL;
  }
  if (CG(context).labels) {
    zend_hash_destroy(CG(context).labels);
    FREE_HASHTABLE(CG(context).labels);
    CG(context).labels = NULL;
  }
  CG(context) = *prev_context;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_reset_import_tables(void) /* {{{ */
{
  if (FC(imports)) {
    zend_hash_destroy(FC(imports));
    efree(FC(imports));
    FC(imports) = NULL;
  }

  if (FC(imports_function)) {
    zend_hash_destroy(FC(imports_function));
    efree(FC(imports_function));
    FC(imports_function) = NULL;
  }

  if (FC(imports_const)) {
    zend_hash_destroy(FC(imports_const));
    efree(FC(imports_const));
    FC(imports_const) = NULL;
  }

  zend_hash_clean(&FC(seen_symbols));
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_end_namespace(void) /* {{{ */ {
  FC(in_namespace) = 0;
  zend_reset_import_tables();
  if (FC(current_namespace)) {
    zend_string_release_ex(FC(current_namespace), 0);
    FC(current_namespace) = NULL;
  }
}
/* }}} */

void zend_file_context_begin(zend_file_context *prev_context) /* {{{ */
{
  *prev_context = CG(file_context);
  FC(imports) = NULL;
  FC(imports_function) = NULL;
  FC(imports_const) = NULL;
  FC(current_namespace) = NULL;
  FC(in_namespace) = 0;
  FC(has_bracketed_namespaces) = 0;
  FC(declarables).ticks = 0;
  zend_hash_init(&FC(seen_symbols), 8, NULL, NULL, 0);
}
/* }}} */

void zend_file_context_end(const zend_file_context *prev_context) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_end_namespace();
  zend_hash_destroy(&FC(seen_symbols));
  CG(file_context) = *prev_context;
}
/* }}} */

void zend_init_compiler_data_structures(void) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_stack_init(&CG(loop_var_stack), sizeof(zend_loop_var));
  zend_stack_init(&CG(delayed_oplines_stack), sizeof(zend_op));
  zend_stack_init(&CG(short_circuiting_opnums), sizeof(uint32_t));
  CG(active_class_entry) = NULL;
  CG(in_compilation) = 0;
  CG(skip_shebang) = 0;

  CG(encoding_declared) = 0;
  CG(memoized_exprs) = NULL;
  CG(memoize_mode) = ZEND_MEMOIZE_NONE;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_register_seen_symbol(zend_string *name, uint32_t kind) {
  zval *zv = zend_hash_find(&FC(seen_symbols), name);
  if (zv) {
    Z_LVAL_P(zv) |= kind;
  } else {
    zval tmp;
    ZVAL_LONG(&tmp, kind);
    zend_hash_add_new(&FC(seen_symbols), name, &tmp);
  }
}

static bool zend_have_seen_symbol(zend_string *name, uint32_t kind) {
  const zval *zv = zend_hash_find(&FC(seen_symbols), name);
  return zv && (Z_LVAL_P(zv) & kind) != 0;
}

void init_compiler(void) /* {{{ */
{
  CG(arena) = zend_arena_create(64 * 1024);
  CG(active_op_array) = NULL;
  memset(&CG(context), 0, sizeof(CG(context)));
  zend_init_compiler_data_structures();
  zend_init_rsrc_list();
  zend_stream_init();
  CG(unclean_shutdown) = 0;

  CG(delayed_variance_obligations) = NULL;
  CG(delayed_autoloads) = NULL;
  CG(unlinked_uses) = NULL;
  CG(current_linking_class) = NULL;
  CG(interned_strings_fallible) = false;
}
/* }}} */

void shutdown_compiler(void) /* {{{ */
{
  /* Reset filename before destroying the arena, as file cache may use arena allocated strings. */
  zend_restore_compiled_filename(NULL);

  zend_stack_destroy(&CG(loop_var_stack));
  zend_stack_destroy(&CG(delayed_oplines_stack));
  zend_stack_destroy(&CG(short_circuiting_opnums));

  if (CG(delayed_variance_obligations)) {
    zend_hash_destroy(CG(delayed_variance_obligations));
    FREE_HASHTABLE(CG(delayed_variance_obligations));
    CG(delayed_variance_obligations) = NULL;
  }
  if (CG(delayed_autoloads)) {
    zend_hash_destroy(CG(delayed_autoloads));
    FREE_HASHTABLE(CG(delayed_autoloads));
    CG(delayed_autoloads) = NULL;
  }
  if (CG(unlinked_uses)) {
    zend_hash_destroy(CG(unlinked_uses));
    FREE_HASHTABLE(CG(unlinked_uses));
    CG(unlinked_uses) = NULL;
  }
  CG(current_linking_class) = NULL;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zend_string *zend_set_compiled_filename(zend_string *new_compiled_filename) /* {{{ */
{
  CG(compiled_filename) = zend_string_copy(new_compiled_filename);
  return new_compiled_filename;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API void zend_restore_compiled_filename(zend_string *original_compiled_filename) /* {{{ */
{
  if (CG(compiled_filename)) {
    zend_string_release(CG(compiled_filename));
    CG(compiled_filename) = NULL;
  }
  CG(compiled_filename) = original_compiled_filename;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zend_string *zend_get_compiled_filename(void) /* {{{ */
{
  return CG(compiled_filename);
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API uint32_t zend_get_compiled_lineno(void) /* {{{ */
{
  return CG(zend_lineno);
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API bool zend_is_compiling(void) /* {{{ */
{
  return CG(in_compilation);
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_is_constructor(const zend_string *name) /* {{{ */
{
  return zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, ZEND_CONSTRUCTOR_FUNC_NAME);
}
/* }}} */

static zend_always_inline uint32_t get_temporary_variable(void) /* {{{ */
{
  return (uint32_t)CG(active_op_array)->T++;
}
/* }}} */

static uint32_t lookup_cv(zend_string *name) /* {{{ */{
  zend_op_array *op_array = CG(active_op_array);
  int i = 0;
  zend_ulong hash_value = zend_string_hash_val(name);

  while (i < op_array->last_var) {
    if (ZSTR_H(op_array->vars[i]) == hash_value
     && zend_string_equals(op_array->vars[i], name)) {
      return EX_NUM_TO_VAR(i);
    }
    i++;
  }
  i = op_array->last_var;
  op_array->last_var++;
  if (op_array->last_var > CG(context).vars_size) {
    CG(context).vars_size += 16; /* FIXME */
    op_array->vars = erealloc(op_array->vars, CG(context).vars_size * sizeof(zend_string*));
  }

  op_array->vars[i] = zend_string_copy(name);
  return EX_NUM_TO_VAR(i);
}
/* }}} */

zend_string *zval_make_interned_string(zval *zv)
{
  ZEND_ASSERT(Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_STRING);
  Z_STR_P(zv) = zend_new_interned_string(Z_STR_P(zv));
  if (ZSTR_IS_INTERNED(Z_STR_P(zv))) {
    Z_TYPE_FLAGS_P(zv) = 0;
  }
  return Z_STR_P(zv);
}

/* Common part of zend_add_literal and zend_append_individual_literal */
static inline void zend_insert_literal(const zend_op_array *op_array, zval *zv, int literal_position) /* {{{ */
{
  zval *lit = CT_CONSTANT_EX(op_array, literal_position);
  if (Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_STRING) {
    zval_make_interned_string(zv);
  }
  ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(lit, zv);
  Z_EXTRA_P(lit) = 0;
}
/* }}} */

/* Is used while compiling a function, using the context to keep track
   of an approximate size to avoid to relocate to often.
   Literals are truncated to actual size in the second compiler pass (pass_two()). */
static int zend_add_literal(zval *zv) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op_array *op_array = CG(active_op_array);
  uint32_t i = op_array->last_literal;
  op_array->last_literal++;
  if (i >= CG(context).literals_size) {
    while (i >= CG(context).literals_size) {
      CG(context).literals_size += 16; /* FIXME */
    }
    op_array->literals = (zval*)erealloc(op_array->literals, CG(context).literals_size * sizeof(zval));
  }
  zend_insert_literal(op_array, zv, i);
  return i;
}
/* }}} */

static inline int zend_add_literal_string(zend_string **str) /* {{{ */
{
  int ret;
  zval zv;
  ZVAL_STR(&zv, *str);
  ret = zend_add_literal(&zv);
  *str = Z_STR(zv);
  return ret;
}
/* }}} */

static int zend_add_func_name_literal(zend_string *name) /* {{{ */
{
  /* Original name */
  int ret = zend_add_literal_string(&name);

  /* Lowercased name */
  zend_string *lc_name = zend_string_tolower(name);
  zend_add_literal_string(&lc_name);

  return ret;
}
/* }}} */

static int zend_add_ns_func_name_literal(zend_string *name) /* {{{ */
{
  const char *unqualified_name;
  size_t unqualified_name_len;

  /* Original name */
  int ret = zend_add_literal_string(&name);

  /* Lowercased name */
  zend_string *lc_name = zend_string_tolower(name);
  zend_add_literal_string(&lc_name);

  /* Lowercased unqualified name */
  if (zend_get_unqualified_name(name, &unqualified_name, &unqualified_name_len)) {
    lc_name = zend_string_alloc(unqualified_name_len, 0);
    zend_str_tolower_copy(ZSTR_VAL(lc_name), unqualified_name, unqualified_name_len);
    zend_add_literal_string(&lc_name);
  }

  return ret;
}
/* }}} */

static int zend_add_class_name_literal(zend_string *name) /* {{{ */
{
  /* Original name */
  int ret = zend_add_literal_string(&name);

  /* Lowercased name */
  zend_string *lc_name = zend_string_tolower(name);
  zend_add_literal_string(&lc_name);

  return ret;
}
/* }}} */

static int zend_add_const_name_literal(zend_string *name, bool unqualified) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_string *tmp_name;

  int ret = zend_add_literal_string(&name);

  const char *after_ns;
  size_t after_ns_len;
  if (zend_get_unqualified_name(name, &after_ns, &after_ns_len)) {
    size_t ns_len = after_ns - ZSTR_VAL(name) - 1;

    /* lowercased namespace name & original constant name */
    tmp_name = zend_string_init(ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_LEN(name), 0);
    zend_str_tolower(ZSTR_VAL(tmp_name), ns_len);
    zend_add_literal_string(&tmp_name);

    if (!unqualified) {
      return ret;
    }
  } else {
    after_ns = ZSTR_VAL(name);
    after_ns_len = ZSTR_LEN(name);
  }

  /* original unqualified constant name */
  tmp_name = zend_string_init(after_ns, after_ns_len, 0);
  zend_add_literal_string(&tmp_name);

  return ret;
}
/* }}} */

#define LITERAL_STR(op, str) do { \
    zval _c; \
    ZVAL_STR(&_c, str); \
    op.constant = zend_add_literal(&_c); \
  } while (0)

void zend_stop_lexing(void)
{
  if (LANG_SCNG(on_event)) {
    LANG_SCNG(on_event)(ON_STOP, END, 0, NULL, 0, LANG_SCNG(on_event_context));
  }

  LANG_SCNG(yy_cursor) = LANG_SCNG(yy_limit);
}

static inline void zend_begin_loop(
    uint8_t free_opcode, const znode *loop_var, bool is_switch) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_brk_cont_element *brk_cont_element;
  int parent = CG(context).current_brk_cont;
  zend_loop_var info = {0};

  CG(context).current_brk_cont = CG(context).last_brk_cont;
  brk_cont_element = get_next_brk_cont_element();
  brk_cont_element->parent = parent;
  brk_cont_element->is_switch = is_switch;

  if (loop_var && (loop_var->op_type & (IS_VAR|IS_TMP_VAR))) {
    uint32_t start = get_next_op_number();

    info.opcode = free_opcode;
    info.var_type = loop_var->op_type;
    info.var_num = loop_var->u.op.var;
    brk_cont_element->start = start;
  } else {
    info.opcode = ZEND_NOP;
    /* The start field is used to free temporary variables in case of exceptions.
     * We won't try to free something of we don't have loop variable.  */
    brk_cont_element->start = -1;
  }

  zend_stack_push(&CG(loop_var_stack), &info);
}
/* }}} */

static inline void zend_end_loop(int cont_addr, const znode *var_node) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t end = get_next_op_number();
  zend_brk_cont_element *brk_cont_element
    = &CG(context).brk_cont_array[CG(context).current_brk_cont];
  brk_cont_element->cont = cont_addr;
  brk_cont_element->brk = end;
  CG(context).current_brk_cont = brk_cont_element->parent;

  zend_stack_del_top(&CG(loop_var_stack));
}
/* }}} */

bool zend_op_may_elide_result(uint8_t opcode)
{
  switch (opcode) {
    case ZEND_ASSIGN:
    case ZEND_ASSIGN_DIM:
    case ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ:
    case ZEND_ASSIGN_STATIC_PROP:
    case ZEND_ASSIGN_OP:
    case ZEND_ASSIGN_DIM_OP:
    case ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ_OP:
    case ZEND_ASSIGN_STATIC_PROP_OP:
    case ZEND_PRE_INC_STATIC_PROP:
    case ZEND_PRE_DEC_STATIC_PROP:
    case ZEND_PRE_INC_OBJ:
    case ZEND_PRE_DEC_OBJ:
    case ZEND_PRE_INC:
    case ZEND_PRE_DEC:
    case ZEND_DO_FCALL:
    case ZEND_DO_ICALL:
    case ZEND_DO_UCALL:
    case ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME:
    case ZEND_YIELD:
    case ZEND_YIELD_FROM:
    case ZEND_INCLUDE_OR_EVAL:
      return true;
    default:
      return false;
  }
}

static void zend_do_free(znode *op1) /* {{{ */
{
  if (op1->op_type == IS_TMP_VAR) {
    zend_op *opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[CG(active_op_array)->last-1];

    while (opline->opcode == ZEND_END_SILENCE ||
           opline->opcode == ZEND_OP_DATA) {
      opline--;
    }

    if (opline->result_type == IS_TMP_VAR && opline->result.var == op1->u.op.var) {
      switch (opline->opcode) {
        case ZEND_BOOL:
        case ZEND_BOOL_NOT:
          /* boolean results don't have to be freed */
          return;
        case ZEND_POST_INC_STATIC_PROP:
        case ZEND_POST_DEC_STATIC_PROP:
        case ZEND_POST_INC_OBJ:
        case ZEND_POST_DEC_OBJ:
        case ZEND_POST_INC:
        case ZEND_POST_DEC:
          /* convert $i++ to ++$i */
          opline->opcode -= 2;
          SET_UNUSED(opline->result);
          return;
        default:
          if (zend_op_may_elide_result(opline->opcode)) {
            SET_UNUSED(opline->result);
            return;
          }
          break;
      }
    }

    zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FREE, op1, NULL);
  } else if (op1->op_type == IS_VAR) {
    zend_op *opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[CG(active_op_array)->last-1];
    while (opline->opcode == ZEND_END_SILENCE ||
        opline->opcode == ZEND_EXT_FCALL_END ||
        opline->opcode == ZEND_OP_DATA) {
      opline--;
    }
    if (opline->result_type == IS_VAR
      && opline->result.var == op1->u.op.var) {
      if (opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_THIS) {
        opline->opcode = ZEND_NOP;
      }
      if (!ZEND_OP_IS_FRAMELESS_ICALL(opline->opcode)) {
        SET_UNUSED(opline->result);
      } else {
        /* Frameless calls usually use the return value, so always emit a free. This should be
         * faster than checking RETURN_VALUE_USED inside the handler. */
        zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FREE, op1, NULL);
      }
    } else {
      while (opline >= CG(active_op_array)->opcodes) {
        if ((opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_LIST_R ||
             opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_LIST_W ||
             opline->opcode == ZEND_EXT_STMT) &&
            opline->op1_type == IS_VAR &&
            opline->op1.var == op1->u.op.var) {
          zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FREE, op1, NULL);
          return;
        }
        if (opline->result_type == IS_VAR
          && opline->result.var == op1->u.op.var) {
          if (opline->opcode == ZEND_NEW) {
            zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FREE, op1, NULL);
          }
          break;
        }
        opline--;
      }
    }
  } else if (op1->op_type == IS_CONST) {
    /* Destroy value without using GC: When opcache moves arrays into SHM it will
     * free the zend_array structure, so references to it from outside the op array
     * become invalid. GC would cause such a reference in the root buffer. */
    zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&op1->u.constant);
  }
}
/* }}} */


static const char *zend_modifier_token_to_string(uint32_t token)
{
  switch (token) {
    case T_PUBLIC:
      return "public";
    case T_PROTECTED:
      return "protected";
    case T_PRIVATE:
      return "private";
    case T_STATIC:
      return "static";
    case T_FINAL:
      return "final";
    case T_READONLY:
      return "readonly";
    case T_ABSTRACT:
      return "abstract";
    case T_PUBLIC_SET:
      return "public(set)";
    case T_PROTECTED_SET:
      return "protected(set)";
    case T_PRIVATE_SET:
      return "private(set)";
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
}

uint32_t zend_modifier_token_to_flag(zend_modifier_target target, uint32_t token)
{
  switch (token) {
    case T_PUBLIC:
      if (target != ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY_HOOK) {
        return ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC;
      }
      break;
    case T_PROTECTED:
      if (target != ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY_HOOK) {
        return ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED;
      }
      break;
    case T_PRIVATE:
      if (target != ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY_HOOK) {
        return ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE;
      }
      break;
    case T_READONLY:
      if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY || target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_CPP) {
        return ZEND_ACC_READONLY;
      }
      break;
    case T_ABSTRACT:
      if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_METHOD || target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY) {
        return ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT;
      }
      break;
    case T_FINAL:
      return ZEND_ACC_FINAL;
    case T_STATIC:
      if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY || target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_METHOD) {
        return ZEND_ACC_STATIC;
      }
      break;
    case T_PUBLIC_SET:
      if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY || target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_CPP) {
        return ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC_SET;
      }
      break;
    case T_PROTECTED_SET:
      if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY || target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_CPP) {
        return ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED_SET;
      }
      break;
    case T_PRIVATE_SET:
      if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY || target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_CPP) {
        return ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE_SET;
      }
      break;
  }

  char *member;
  if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY) {
    member = "property";
  } else if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_METHOD) {
    member = "method";
  } else if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_CONSTANT) {
    member = "class constant";
  } else if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_CPP) {
    member = "parameter";
  } else if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY_HOOK) {
    member = "property hook";
  } else {
    ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }

  zend_throw_exception_ex(zend_ce_compile_error, 0,
    "Cannot use the %s modifier on a %s", zend_modifier_token_to_string(token), member);
  return 0;
}

uint32_t zend_modifier_list_to_flags(zend_modifier_target target, zend_ast *modifiers)
{
  uint32_t flags = 0;
  const zend_ast_list *modifier_list = zend_ast_get_list(modifiers);

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < modifier_list->children; i++) {
    uint32_t token = (uint32_t) Z_LVAL_P(zend_ast_get_zval(modifier_list->child[i]));
    uint32_t new_flag = zend_modifier_token_to_flag(target, token);
    if (!new_flag) {
      return 0;
    }
    /* Don't error immediately for duplicate flags, we want to prioritize the errors from zend_add_member_modifier(). */
    bool duplicate_flag = (flags & new_flag);
    flags = zend_add_member_modifier(flags, new_flag, target);
    if (!flags) {
      return 0;
    }
    if (duplicate_flag) {
      zend_throw_exception_ex(zend_ce_compile_error, 0,
        "Multiple %s modifiers are not allowed", zend_modifier_token_to_string(token));
      return 0;
    }
  }

  return flags;
}

uint32_t zend_add_class_modifier(uint32_t flags, uint32_t new_flag) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t new_flags = flags | new_flag;
  if ((flags & ZEND_ACC_EXPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS) && (new_flag & ZEND_ACC_EXPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS)) {
    zend_throw_exception(zend_ce_compile_error,
      "Multiple abstract modifiers are not allowed", 0);
    return 0;
  }
  if ((flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL) && (new_flag & ZEND_ACC_FINAL)) {
    zend_throw_exception(zend_ce_compile_error, "Multiple final modifiers are not allowed", 0);
    return 0;
  }
  if ((flags & ZEND_ACC_READONLY_CLASS) && (new_flag & ZEND_ACC_READONLY_CLASS)) {
    zend_throw_exception(zend_ce_compile_error, "Multiple readonly modifiers are not allowed", 0);
    return 0;
  }
  if ((new_flags & ZEND_ACC_EXPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS) && (new_flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL)) {
    zend_throw_exception(zend_ce_compile_error,
      "Cannot use the final modifier on an abstract class", 0);
    return 0;
  }
  return new_flags;
}
/* }}} */

uint32_t zend_add_anonymous_class_modifier(uint32_t flags, uint32_t new_flag)
{
  uint32_t new_flags = flags | new_flag;
  if (new_flag & ZEND_ACC_EXPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS) {
    zend_throw_exception(zend_ce_compile_error,
      "Cannot use the abstract modifier on an anonymous class", 0);
    return 0;
  }
  if (new_flag & ZEND_ACC_FINAL) {
    zend_throw_exception(zend_ce_compile_error, "Cannot use the final modifier on an anonymous class", 0);
    return 0;
  }
  if ((flags & ZEND_ACC_READONLY_CLASS) && (new_flag & ZEND_ACC_READONLY_CLASS)) {
    zend_throw_exception(zend_ce_compile_error, "Multiple readonly modifiers are not allowed", 0);
    return 0;
  }
  return new_flags;
}

uint32_t zend_add_member_modifier(uint32_t flags, uint32_t new_flag, zend_modifier_target target) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t new_flags = flags | new_flag;
  if ((flags & ZEND_ACC_PPP_MASK) && (new_flag & ZEND_ACC_PPP_MASK)) {
    zend_throw_exception(zend_ce_compile_error,
      "Multiple access type modifiers are not allowed", 0);
    return 0;
  }
  if ((new_flags & ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT) && (new_flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL)) {
    if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_METHOD) {
      zend_throw_exception(zend_ce_compile_error,
        "Cannot use the final modifier on an abstract method", 0);
      return 0;
    }
    if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY) {
      zend_throw_exception(zend_ce_compile_error,
        "Cannot use the final modifier on an abstract property", 0);
      return 0;
    }
  }
  if (target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_PROPERTY || target == ZEND_MODIFIER_TARGET_CPP) {
    if ((flags & ZEND_ACC_PPP_SET_MASK) && (new_flag & ZEND_ACC_PPP_SET_MASK)) {
      zend_throw_exception(zend_ce_compile_error,
        "Multiple access type modifiers are not allowed", 0);
      return 0;
    }
  }
  return new_flags;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zend_string *zend_create_member_string(const zend_string *class_name, const zend_string *member_name) {
  return zend_string_concat3(
    ZSTR_VAL(class_name), ZSTR_LEN(class_name),
    "::", sizeof("::") - 1,
    ZSTR_VAL(member_name), ZSTR_LEN(member_name));
}

static zend_string *zend_concat_names(const char *name1, size_t name1_len, const char *name2, size_t name2_len) {
  return zend_string_concat3(name1, name1_len, "\\", 1, name2, name2_len);
}

static zend_string *zend_prefix_with_ns(zend_string *name) {
  if (FC(current_namespace)) {
    const zend_string *ns = FC(current_namespace);
    return zend_concat_names(ZSTR_VAL(ns), ZSTR_LEN(ns), ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_LEN(name));
  } else {
    return zend_string_copy(name);
  }
}

static zend_string *zend_resolve_non_class_name(
  zend_string *name, uint32_t type, bool *is_fully_qualified,
  bool case_sensitive, const HashTable *current_import_sub
) {
  const char *compound;
  *is_fully_qualified = false;

  if (ZSTR_VAL(name)[0] == '\\') {
    /* Remove \ prefix (only relevant if this is a string rather than a label) */
    *is_fully_qualified = true;
    return zend_string_init(ZSTR_VAL(name) + 1, ZSTR_LEN(name) - 1, 0);
  }

  if (type == ZEND_NAME_FQ) {
    *is_fully_qualified = true;
    return zend_string_copy(name);
  }

  if (type == ZEND_NAME_RELATIVE) {
    *is_fully_qualified = true;
    return zend_prefix_with_ns(name);
  }

  if (current_import_sub) {
    /* If an unqualified name is a function/const alias, replace it. */
    zend_string *import_name;
    if (case_sensitive) {
      import_name = zend_hash_find_ptr(current_import_sub, name);
    } else {
      import_name = zend_hash_find_ptr_lc(current_import_sub, name);
    }

    if (import_name) {
      *is_fully_qualified = true;
      return zend_string_copy(import_name);
    }
  }

  compound = memchr(ZSTR_VAL(name), '\\', ZSTR_LEN(name));
  if (compound) {
    *is_fully_qualified = true;
  }

  if (compound && FC(imports)) {
    /* If the first part of a qualified name is an alias, substitute it. */
    size_t len = compound - ZSTR_VAL(name);
    const zend_string *import_name = zend_hash_str_find_ptr_lc(FC(imports), ZSTR_VAL(name), len);

    if (import_name) {
      return zend_concat_names(
        ZSTR_VAL(import_name), ZSTR_LEN(import_name), ZSTR_VAL(name) + len + 1, ZSTR_LEN(name) - len - 1);
    }
  }

  return zend_prefix_with_ns(name);
}
/* }}} */

static zend_string *zend_resolve_function_name(zend_string *name, uint32_t type, bool *is_fully_qualified)
{
  return zend_resolve_non_class_name(
    name, type, is_fully_qualified, false, FC(imports_function));
}

static zend_string *zend_resolve_const_name(zend_string *name, uint32_t type, bool *is_fully_qualified)
{
  return zend_resolve_non_class_name(
    name, type, is_fully_qualified, true, FC(imports_const));
}

static zend_string *zend_resolve_class_name(zend_string *name, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  const char *compound;

  if (ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT != zend_get_class_fetch_type(name)) {
    if (type == ZEND_NAME_FQ) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "'\\%s' is an invalid class name", ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }
    if (type == ZEND_NAME_RELATIVE) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "'namespace\\%s' is an invalid class name", ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }
    ZEND_ASSERT(type == ZEND_NAME_NOT_FQ);
    return zend_string_copy(name);
  }

  if (type == ZEND_NAME_RELATIVE) {
    return zend_prefix_with_ns(name);
  }

  if (type == ZEND_NAME_FQ) {
    if (ZSTR_VAL(name)[0] == '\\') {
      /* Remove \ prefix (only relevant if this is a string rather than a label) */
      name = zend_string_init(ZSTR_VAL(name) + 1, ZSTR_LEN(name) - 1, 0);
      if (ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT != zend_get_class_fetch_type(name)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "'\\%s' is an invalid class name", ZSTR_VAL(name));
      }
      return name;
    }

    return zend_string_copy(name);
  }

  if (FC(imports)) {
    compound = memchr(ZSTR_VAL(name), '\\', ZSTR_LEN(name));
    if (compound) {
      /* If the first part of a qualified name is an alias, substitute it. */
      size_t len = compound - ZSTR_VAL(name);
      const zend_string *import_name =
        zend_hash_str_find_ptr_lc(FC(imports), ZSTR_VAL(name), len);

      if (import_name) {
        return zend_concat_names(
          ZSTR_VAL(import_name), ZSTR_LEN(import_name), ZSTR_VAL(name) + len + 1, ZSTR_LEN(name) - len - 1);
      }
    } else {
      /* If an unqualified name is an alias, replace it. */
      zend_string *import_name
        = zend_hash_find_ptr_lc(FC(imports), name);

      if (import_name) {
        return zend_string_copy(import_name);
      }
    }
  }

  /* If not fully qualified and not an alias, prepend the current namespace */
  return zend_prefix_with_ns(name);
}
/* }}} */

static zend_string *zend_resolve_class_name_ast(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zval *class_name = zend_ast_get_zval(ast);
  if (Z_TYPE_P(class_name) != IS_STRING) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Illegal class name");
  }
  return zend_resolve_class_name(Z_STR_P(class_name), ast->attr);
}
/* }}} */

static void label_ptr_dtor(zval *zv) /* {{{ */
{
  efree_size(Z_PTR_P(zv), sizeof(zend_label));
}
/* }}} */

static void str_dtor(zval *zv)  /* {{{ */ {
  zend_string_release_ex(Z_STR_P(zv), 0);
}
/* }}} */

static uint32_t zend_add_try_element(uint32_t try_op) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op_array *op_array = CG(active_op_array);
  uint32_t try_catch_offset = op_array->last_try_catch++;
  zend_try_catch_element *elem;

  op_array->try_catch_array = safe_erealloc(
    op_array->try_catch_array, sizeof(zend_try_catch_element), op_array->last_try_catch, 0);

  elem = &op_array->try_catch_array[try_catch_offset];
  elem->try_op = try_op;
  elem->catch_op = 0;
  elem->finally_op = 0;
  elem->finally_end = 0;

  return try_catch_offset;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API void function_add_ref(zend_function *function) /* {{{ */
{
  if (function->type == ZEND_USER_FUNCTION) {
    zend_op_array *op_array = &function->op_array;
    if (op_array->refcount) {
      (*op_array->refcount)++;
    }

    ZEND_MAP_PTR_INIT(op_array->run_time_cache, NULL);
    ZEND_MAP_PTR_INIT(op_array->static_variables_ptr, NULL);
  }

  if (function->common.function_name) {
    zend_string_addref(function->common.function_name);
  }
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_NORETURN static zend_never_inline ZEND_COLD void do_bind_function_error(const zend_string *lcname, const zend_op_array *op_array, bool compile_time) /* {{{ */
{
  const zval *zv = zend_hash_find_known_hash(compile_time ? CG(function_table) : EG(function_table), lcname);
  int error_level = compile_time ? E_COMPILE_ERROR : E_ERROR;
  const zend_function *old_function;

  ZEND_ASSERT(zv != NULL);
  old_function = Z_PTR_P(zv);
  if (old_function->type == ZEND_USER_FUNCTION
    && old_function->op_array.last > 0) {
    zend_error_noreturn(error_level, "Cannot redeclare function %s() (previously declared in %s:%d)",
          op_array ? ZSTR_VAL(op_array->function_name) : ZSTR_VAL(old_function->common.function_name),
          ZSTR_VAL(old_function->op_array.filename),
          old_function->op_array.line_start);
  } else {
    zend_error_noreturn(error_level, "Cannot redeclare function %s()",
      op_array ? ZSTR_VAL(op_array->function_name) : ZSTR_VAL(old_function->common.function_name));
  }
}

ZEND_API zend_result do_bind_function(zend_function *func, const zval *lcname) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_function *added_func = zend_hash_add_ptr(EG(function_table), Z_STR_P(lcname), func);
  if (UNEXPECTED(!added_func)) {
    do_bind_function_error(Z_STR_P(lcname), &func->op_array, false);
    return FAILURE;
  }

  if (func->op_array.refcount) {
    ++*func->op_array.refcount;
  }
  if (func->common.function_name) {
    zend_string_addref(func->common.function_name);
  }
  zend_observer_function_declared_notify(&func->op_array, Z_STR_P(lcname));
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zend_class_entry *zend_bind_class_in_slot(
    zval *class_table_slot, const zval *lcname, zend_string *lc_parent_name)
{
  zend_class_entry *ce = Z_PTR_P(class_table_slot);
  bool is_preloaded =
    (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_PRELOADED) && !(CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_PRELOAD);
  bool success;
  if (EXPECTED(!is_preloaded)) {
    success = zend_hash_set_bucket_key(EG(class_table), (Bucket*) class_table_slot, Z_STR_P(lcname)) != NULL;
  } else {
    /* If preloading is used, don't replace the existing bucket, add a new one. */
    success = zend_hash_add_ptr(EG(class_table), Z_STR_P(lcname), ce) != NULL;
  }
  if (UNEXPECTED(!success)) {
    zend_class_entry *old_class = zend_hash_find_ptr(EG(class_table), Z_STR_P(lcname));
    ZEND_ASSERT(old_class);
    zend_class_redeclaration_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR, old_class);
    return NULL;
  }

  if (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_LINKED) {
    zend_observer_class_linked_notify(ce, Z_STR_P(lcname));
    return ce;
  }

  ce = zend_do_link_class(ce, lc_parent_name, Z_STR_P(lcname));
  if (ce) {
    zend_observer_class_linked_notify(ce, Z_STR_P(lcname));
    return ce;
  }

  if (!is_preloaded) {
    /* Reload bucket pointer, the hash table may have been reallocated */
    zval *zv = zend_hash_find(EG(class_table), Z_STR_P(lcname));
    zend_hash_set_bucket_key(EG(class_table), (Bucket *) zv, Z_STR_P(lcname + 1));
  } else {
    zend_hash_del(EG(class_table), Z_STR_P(lcname));
  }
  return NULL;
}

ZEND_API zend_result do_bind_class(zval *lcname, zend_string *lc_parent_name) /* {{{ */
{
  zval *rtd_key, *zv;

  rtd_key = lcname + 1;

  zv = zend_hash_find_known_hash(EG(class_table), Z_STR_P(rtd_key));

  if (UNEXPECTED(!zv)) {
    const zend_class_entry *ce = zend_hash_find_ptr(EG(class_table), Z_STR_P(lcname));
    ZEND_ASSERT(ce);
    zend_class_redeclaration_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR, ce);
    return FAILURE;
  }

  /* Register the derived class */
  return zend_bind_class_in_slot(zv, lcname, lc_parent_name) ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_string *add_type_string(zend_string *type, zend_string *new_type, bool is_intersection) {
  zend_string *result;
  if (type == NULL) {
    return zend_string_copy(new_type);
  }

  if (is_intersection) {
    result = zend_string_concat3(ZSTR_VAL(type), ZSTR_LEN(type),
      "&", 1, ZSTR_VAL(new_type), ZSTR_LEN(new_type));
    zend_string_release(type);
  } else {
    result = zend_string_concat3(
      ZSTR_VAL(type), ZSTR_LEN(type), "|", 1, ZSTR_VAL(new_type), ZSTR_LEN(new_type));
    zend_string_release(type);
  }
  return result;
}

static zend_string *resolve_class_name(zend_string *name, const zend_class_entry *scope) {
  if (scope) {
    if (zend_string_equals_ci(name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_SELF))) {
      name = scope->name;
    } else if (zend_string_equals_ci(name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_PARENT)) && scope->parent) {
      name = scope->parent->name;
    }
  }

  /* The resolved name for anonymous classes contains null bytes. Cut off everything after the
   * null byte here, to avoid larger parts of the type being omitted by printing code later. */
  size_t len = strlen(ZSTR_VAL(name));
  if (len != ZSTR_LEN(name)) {
    return zend_string_init(ZSTR_VAL(name), len, 0);
  }
  return zend_string_copy(name);
}

static zend_string *add_intersection_type(zend_string *str,
  const zend_type_list *intersection_type_list,
  bool is_bracketed)
{
  const zend_type *single_type;
  zend_string *intersection_str = NULL;

  ZEND_TYPE_LIST_FOREACH(intersection_type_list, single_type) {
    ZEND_ASSERT(!ZEND_TYPE_HAS_LIST(*single_type));
    ZEND_ASSERT(ZEND_TYPE_HAS_NAME(*single_type));

    intersection_str = add_type_string(intersection_str, ZEND_TYPE_NAME(*single_type), /* is_intersection */ true);
  } ZEND_TYPE_LIST_FOREACH_END();

  ZEND_ASSERT(intersection_str);

  if (is_bracketed) {
    zend_string *result = zend_string_concat3("(", 1, ZSTR_VAL(intersection_str), ZSTR_LEN(intersection_str), ")", 1);
    zend_string_release(intersection_str);
    intersection_str = result;
  }
  str = add_type_string(str, intersection_str, /* is_intersection */ false);
  zend_string_release(intersection_str);
  return str;
}

zend_string *zend_type_to_string_resolved(const zend_type type, const zend_class_entry *scope) {
  zend_string *str = NULL;

  /* Pure intersection type */
  if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_INTERSECTION(type)) {
    ZEND_ASSERT(!ZEND_TYPE_IS_UNION(type));
    str = add_intersection_type(str, ZEND_TYPE_LIST(type), /* is_bracketed */ false);
  } else if (ZEND_TYPE_HAS_LIST(type)) {
    /* A union type might not be a list */
    const zend_type *list_type;
    ZEND_TYPE_LIST_FOREACH(ZEND_TYPE_LIST(type), list_type) {
      if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_INTERSECTION(*list_type)) {
        str = add_intersection_type(str, ZEND_TYPE_LIST(*list_type), /* is_bracketed */ true);
        continue;
      }
      ZEND_ASSERT(!ZEND_TYPE_HAS_LIST(*list_type));
      ZEND_ASSERT(ZEND_TYPE_HAS_NAME(*list_type));

      zend_string *name = ZEND_TYPE_NAME(*list_type);
      zend_string *resolved = resolve_class_name(name, scope);
      str = add_type_string(str, resolved, /* is_intersection */ false);
      zend_string_release(resolved);
    } ZEND_TYPE_LIST_FOREACH_END();
  } else if (ZEND_TYPE_HAS_NAME(type)) {
    str = resolve_class_name(ZEND_TYPE_NAME(type), scope);
  }

  uint32_t type_mask = ZEND_TYPE_PURE_MASK(type);

  if (type_mask == MAY_BE_ANY) {
    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_MIXED), /* is_intersection */ false);

    return str;
  }
  if (type_mask & MAY_BE_STATIC) {
    zend_string *name = ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_STATIC);
    // During compilation of eval'd code the called scope refers to the scope calling the eval
    if (scope && !zend_is_compiling()) {
      const zend_class_entry *called_scope = zend_get_called_scope(EG(current_execute_data));
      if (called_scope) {
        name = called_scope->name;
      }
    }
    str = add_type_string(str, name, /* is_intersection */ false);
  }
  if (type_mask & MAY_BE_CALLABLE) {
    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_CALLABLE), /* is_intersection */ false);
  }
  if (type_mask & MAY_BE_OBJECT) {
    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_OBJECT), /* is_intersection */ false);
  }
  if (type_mask & MAY_BE_ARRAY) {
    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_ARRAY), /* is_intersection */ false);
  }
  if (type_mask & MAY_BE_STRING) {
    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_STRING), /* is_intersection */ false);
  }
  if (type_mask & MAY_BE_LONG) {
    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_INT), /* is_intersection */ false);
  }
  if (type_mask & MAY_BE_DOUBLE) {
    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_FLOAT), /* is_intersection */ false);
  }
  if ((type_mask & MAY_BE_BOOL) == MAY_BE_BOOL) {
    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_BOOL), /* is_intersection */ false);
  } else if (type_mask & MAY_BE_FALSE) {
    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_FALSE), /* is_intersection */ false);
  } else if (type_mask & MAY_BE_TRUE) {
    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_TRUE), /* is_intersection */ false);
  }
  if (type_mask & MAY_BE_VOID) {
    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_VOID), /* is_intersection */ false);
  }
  if (type_mask & MAY_BE_NEVER) {
    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_NEVER), /* is_intersection */ false);
  }

  if (type_mask & MAY_BE_NULL) {
    bool is_union = !str || memchr(ZSTR_VAL(str), '|', ZSTR_LEN(str)) != NULL;
    bool has_intersection = !str || memchr(ZSTR_VAL(str), '&', ZSTR_LEN(str)) != NULL;
    if (!is_union && !has_intersection) {
      zend_string *nullable_str = zend_string_concat2("?", 1, ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str));
      zend_string_release(str);
      return nullable_str;
    }

    str = add_type_string(str, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_NULL_LOWERCASE), /* is_intersection */ false);
  }
  return str;
}

ZEND_API zend_string *zend_type_to_string(zend_type type) {
  return zend_type_to_string_resolved(type, NULL);
}

static bool is_generator_compatible_class_type(const zend_string *name) {
  return zend_string_equals_ci(name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_TRAVERSABLE))
    || zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "Iterator")
    || zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "Generator");
}

static void zend_mark_function_as_generator(void) /* {{{ */
{
  if (!CG(active_op_array)->function_name) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "The \"yield\" expression can only be used inside a function");
  }

  if (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_HAS_RETURN_TYPE) {
    const zend_type return_type = CG(active_op_array)->arg_info[-1].type;
    bool valid_type = (ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(return_type) & MAY_BE_OBJECT) != 0;
    if (!valid_type) {
      const zend_type *single_type;
      ZEND_TYPE_FOREACH(return_type, single_type) {
        if (ZEND_TYPE_HAS_NAME(*single_type)
            && is_generator_compatible_class_type(ZEND_TYPE_NAME(*single_type))) {
          valid_type = true;
          break;
        }
      } ZEND_TYPE_FOREACH_END();
    }

    if (!valid_type) {
      zend_string *str = zend_type_to_string(return_type);
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "Generator return type must be a supertype of Generator, %s given",
        ZSTR_VAL(str));
    }
  }

  CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_GENERATOR;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zend_string *zend_mangle_property_name(const char *src1, size_t src1_length, const char *src2, size_t src2_length, bool internal) /* {{{ */
{
  size_t prop_name_length = 1 + src1_length + 1 + src2_length;
  zend_string *prop_name = zend_string_alloc(prop_name_length, internal);

  ZSTR_VAL(prop_name)[0] = '\0';
  memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(prop_name) + 1, src1, src1_length+1);
  memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(prop_name) + 1 + src1_length + 1, src2, src2_length+1);
  return prop_name;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zend_result zend_unmangle_property_name_ex(const zend_string *name, const char **class_name, const char **prop_name, size_t *prop_len) /* {{{ */
{
  size_t class_name_len;
  size_t anonclass_src_len;

  *class_name = NULL;

  if (!ZSTR_LEN(name) || ZSTR_VAL(name)[0] != '\0') {
    *prop_name = ZSTR_VAL(name);
    if (prop_len) {
      *prop_len = ZSTR_LEN(name);
    }
    return SUCCESS;
  }
  if (ZSTR_LEN(name) < 3 || ZSTR_VAL(name)[1] == '\0') {
    zend_error(E_NOTICE, "Illegal member variable name");
    *prop_name = ZSTR_VAL(name);
    if (prop_len) {
      *prop_len = ZSTR_LEN(name);
    }
    return FAILURE;
  }

  class_name_len = zend_strnlen(ZSTR_VAL(name) + 1, ZSTR_LEN(name) - 2);
  if (class_name_len >= ZSTR_LEN(name) - 2 || ZSTR_VAL(name)[class_name_len + 1] != '\0') {
    zend_error(E_NOTICE, "Corrupt member variable name");
    *prop_name = ZSTR_VAL(name);
    if (prop_len) {
      *prop_len = ZSTR_LEN(name);
    }
    return FAILURE;
  }

  *class_name = ZSTR_VAL(name) + 1;
  anonclass_src_len = zend_strnlen(*class_name + class_name_len + 1, ZSTR_LEN(name) - class_name_len - 2);
  if (class_name_len + anonclass_src_len + 2 != ZSTR_LEN(name)) {
    class_name_len += anonclass_src_len + 1;
  }
  *prop_name = ZSTR_VAL(name) + class_name_len + 2;
  if (prop_len) {
    *prop_len = ZSTR_LEN(name) - class_name_len - 2;
  }
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static bool array_is_const_ex(const zend_array *array, uint32_t *max_checks)
{
  if (zend_hash_num_elements(array) > *max_checks) {
    return false;
  }
  *max_checks -= zend_hash_num_elements(array);

  zval *element;
  ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(array, element) {
    if (Z_TYPE_P(element) < IS_ARRAY) {
      continue;
    } else if (Z_TYPE_P(element) == IS_ARRAY) {
      if (!array_is_const_ex(array, max_checks)) {
        return false;
      }
    } else {
      return false;
    }
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();

  return true;
}

static bool array_is_const(const zend_array *array)
{
  uint32_t max_checks = 50;
  return array_is_const_ex(array, &max_checks);
}

static bool can_ct_eval_const(const zend_constant *c) {
  if (ZEND_CONSTANT_FLAGS(c) & CONST_DEPRECATED) {
    return false;
  }
  if ((ZEND_CONSTANT_FLAGS(c) & CONST_PERSISTENT)
      && !(CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_NO_PERSISTENT_CONSTANT_SUBSTITUTION)
      && !((ZEND_CONSTANT_FLAGS(c) & CONST_NO_FILE_CACHE)
        && (CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_WITH_FILE_CACHE))) {
    return true;
  }
  if (Z_TYPE(c->value) < IS_ARRAY
      && !(CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_NO_CONSTANT_SUBSTITUTION)) {
    return 1;
  } else if (Z_TYPE(c->value) == IS_ARRAY
      && !(CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_NO_CONSTANT_SUBSTITUTION)
      && array_is_const(Z_ARR(c->value))) {
    return 1;
  }
  return false;
}

static bool zend_try_ct_eval_const(zval *zv, zend_string *name, bool is_fully_qualified) /* {{{ */
{
  /* Substitute true, false and null (including unqualified usage in namespaces)
   * before looking up the possibly namespaced name. */
  const char *lookup_name = ZSTR_VAL(name);
  size_t lookup_len = ZSTR_LEN(name);

  if (!is_fully_qualified) {
    zend_get_unqualified_name(name, &lookup_name, &lookup_len);
  }

  zend_constant *c;
  if ((c = zend_get_special_const(lookup_name, lookup_len))) {
    ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(zv, &c->value);
    return true;
  }
  c = zend_hash_find_ptr(EG(zend_constants), name);
  if (c && can_ct_eval_const(c)) {
    ZVAL_COPY_OR_DUP(zv, &c->value);
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
/* }}} */

static inline bool zend_is_scope_known(void) /* {{{ */
{
  if (!CG(active_op_array)) {
    /* This can only happen when evaluating a default value string. */
    return false;
  }

  if (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_CLOSURE) {
    /* Closures can be rebound to a different scope */
    return false;
  }

  if (!CG(active_class_entry)) {
    /* The scope is known if we're in a free function (no scope), but not if we're in
     * a file/eval (which inherits including/eval'ing scope). */
    return CG(active_op_array)->function_name != NULL;
  }

  /* For traits self etc refers to the using class, not the trait itself */
  return (CG(active_class_entry)->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_TRAIT) == 0;
}
/* }}} */

static inline bool class_name_refers_to_active_ce(const zend_string *class_name, uint32_t fetch_type) /* {{{ */
{
  if (!CG(active_class_entry)) {
    return false;
  }
  if (fetch_type == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SELF && zend_is_scope_known()) {
    return true;
  }
  return fetch_type == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT
    && zend_string_equals_ci(class_name, CG(active_class_entry)->name);
}
/* }}} */

uint32_t zend_get_class_fetch_type(const zend_string *name) /* {{{ */
{
  if (zend_string_equals_ci(name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_SELF))) {
    return ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SELF;
  } else if (zend_string_equals_ci(name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_PARENT))) {
    return ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_PARENT;
  } else if (zend_string_equals_ci(name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_STATIC))) {
    return ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_STATIC;
  } else {
    return ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static uint32_t zend_get_class_fetch_type_ast(zend_ast *name_ast) /* {{{ */
{
  /* Fully qualified names are always default refs */
  if (name_ast->attr == ZEND_NAME_FQ) {
    return ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT;
  }

  return zend_get_class_fetch_type(zend_ast_get_str(name_ast));
}
/* }}} */

static zend_string *zend_resolve_const_class_name_reference(zend_ast *ast, const char *type)
{
  zend_string *class_name = zend_ast_get_str(ast);
  if (ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT != zend_get_class_fetch_type_ast(ast)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "Cannot use \"%s\" as %s, as it is reserved",
      ZSTR_VAL(class_name), type);
  }
  return zend_resolve_class_name(class_name, ast->attr);
}

static void zend_ensure_valid_class_fetch_type(uint32_t fetch_type) /* {{{ */
{
  if (fetch_type != ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT && zend_is_scope_known()) {
    zend_class_entry *ce = CG(active_class_entry);
    if (!ce) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use \"%s\" when no class scope is active",
        fetch_type == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SELF ? "self" :
        fetch_type == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_PARENT ? "parent" : "static");
    } else if (fetch_type == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_PARENT && !ce->parent_name) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "Cannot use \"parent\" when current class scope has no parent");
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_try_compile_const_expr_resolve_class_name(zval *zv, zend_ast *class_ast) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t fetch_type;
  const zval *class_name;

  if (class_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    return false;
  }

  class_name = zend_ast_get_zval(class_ast);

  if (Z_TYPE_P(class_name) != IS_STRING) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Illegal class name");
  }

  fetch_type = zend_get_class_fetch_type(Z_STR_P(class_name));
  zend_ensure_valid_class_fetch_type(fetch_type);

  switch (fetch_type) {
    case ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SELF:
      if (CG(active_class_entry) && zend_is_scope_known()) {
        ZVAL_STR_COPY(zv, CG(active_class_entry)->name);
        return true;
      }
      return false;
    case ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_PARENT:
      if (CG(active_class_entry) && CG(active_class_entry)->parent_name
          && zend_is_scope_known()) {
        ZVAL_STR_COPY(zv, CG(active_class_entry)->parent_name);
        return true;
      }
      return false;
    case ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_STATIC:
      return false;
    case ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT:
      ZVAL_STR(zv, zend_resolve_class_name_ast(class_ast));
      return true;
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* We don't use zend_verify_const_access because we need to deal with unlinked classes. */
static bool zend_verify_ct_const_access(const zend_class_constant *c, const zend_class_entry *scope)
{
  if (ZEND_CLASS_CONST_FLAGS(c) & ZEND_ACC_DEPRECATED) {
    return 0;
  } else if (c->ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_TRAIT) {
    /* This condition is only met on directly accessing trait constants,
     * because the ce is replaced to the class entry of the composing class
     * on binding. */
    return 0;
  } else if (ZEND_CLASS_CONST_FLAGS(c) & ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC) {
    return 1;
  } else if (ZEND_CLASS_CONST_FLAGS(c) & ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE) {
    return c->ce == scope;
  } else {
    zend_class_entry *ce = c->ce;
    while (1) {
      if (ce == scope) {
        return 1;
      }
      if (!ce->parent) {
        break;
      }
      if (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_RESOLVED_PARENT) {
        ce = ce->parent;
      } else {
        ce = zend_hash_find_ptr_lc(CG(class_table), ce->parent_name);
        if (!ce) {
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    /* Reverse case cannot be true during compilation */
    return 0;
  }
}

static bool zend_try_ct_eval_class_const(zval *zv, zend_string *class_name, zend_string *name) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t fetch_type = zend_get_class_fetch_type(class_name);
  zend_class_constant *cc;
  zval *c;

  if (class_name_refers_to_active_ce(class_name, fetch_type)) {
    cc = zend_hash_find_ptr(&CG(active_class_entry)->constants_table, name);
  } else if (fetch_type == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT && !(CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_NO_CONSTANT_SUBSTITUTION)) {
    const zend_class_entry *ce = zend_hash_find_ptr_lc(CG(class_table), class_name);
    if (ce) {
      cc = zend_hash_find_ptr(&ce->constants_table, name);
    } else {
      return 0;
    }
  } else {
    return 0;
  }

  if (CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_NO_PERSISTENT_CONSTANT_SUBSTITUTION) {
    return false;
  }

  if (!cc || !zend_verify_ct_const_access(cc, CG(active_class_entry))) {
    return false;
  }

  c = &cc->value;

  /* Substitute case-sensitive (or lowercase) persistent class constants */
  if (Z_TYPE_P(c) < IS_ARRAY) {
    ZVAL_COPY_OR_DUP(zv, c);
    return 1;
  } else if (Z_TYPE_P(c) == IS_ARRAY && array_is_const(Z_ARR_P(c))) {
    ZVAL_COPY_OR_DUP(zv, c);
    return 1;
  }

  return false;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_add_to_list(void *result, void *item) /* {{{ */
{
  void** list = *(void**)result;
  size_t n = 0;

  if (list) {
    while (list[n]) {
      n++;
    }
  }

  list = erealloc(list, sizeof(void*) * (n+2));

  list[n]   = item;
  list[n+1] = NULL;

  *(void**)result = list;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_do_extended_stmt(znode* result) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline;

  if (!(CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_EXTENDED_STMT)) {
    return;
  }

  opline = get_next_op();

  opline->opcode = ZEND_EXT_STMT;
  if (result) {
    if (result->op_type == IS_CONST) {
      Z_TRY_ADDREF(result->u.constant);
    }
    SET_NODE(opline->op1, result);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_do_extended_fcall_begin(void) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline;

  if (!(CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_EXTENDED_FCALL)) {
    return;
  }

  opline = get_next_op();

  opline->opcode = ZEND_EXT_FCALL_BEGIN;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_do_extended_fcall_end(void) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline;

  if (!(CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_EXTENDED_FCALL)) {
    return;
  }

  opline = get_next_op();

  opline->opcode = ZEND_EXT_FCALL_END;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_always_inline bool zend_auto_global_check(zend_auto_global *auto_global)
{
  if (auto_global == NULL) {
    return false;
  }

  if (auto_global->armed) {
    auto_global->armed = auto_global->auto_global_callback(auto_global->name);
  }
  return true;
}

ZEND_API bool zend_is_auto_global_str(const char *name, size_t len) /* {{{ */
{
  return zend_auto_global_check(zend_hash_str_find_ptr(CG(auto_globals), name, len));
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API bool zend_is_auto_global(zend_string *name) /* {{{ */
{
  return zend_auto_global_check(zend_hash_find_ptr(CG(auto_globals), name));
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zend_result zend_register_auto_global(zend_string *name, bool jit, zend_auto_global_callback auto_global_callback) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_auto_global auto_global;
  zend_result retval;

  auto_global.name = name;
  auto_global.auto_global_callback = auto_global_callback;
  auto_global.jit = jit;

  retval = zend_hash_add_mem(CG(auto_globals), auto_global.name, &auto_global, sizeof(zend_auto_global)) != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;

  return retval;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API void zend_activate_auto_globals(void) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_auto_global *auto_global;

  ZEND_HASH_MAP_FOREACH_PTR(CG(auto_globals), auto_global) {
    auto_global->armed = auto_global->jit || auto_global->auto_global_callback;
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();

  ZEND_HASH_MAP_FOREACH_PTR(CG(auto_globals), auto_global) {
    if (auto_global->armed && !auto_global->jit) {
      auto_global->armed = auto_global->auto_global_callback(auto_global->name);
    }
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
}
/* }}} */

int ZEND_FASTCALL zendlex(zend_parser_stack_elem *elem) /* {{{ */
{
  zval zv;
  int ret;

  if (CG(increment_lineno)) {
    CG(zend_lineno)++;
    CG(increment_lineno) = 0;
  }

  ret = lex_scan(&zv, elem);
  ZEND_ASSERT(!EG(exception) || ret == T_ERROR);
  return ret;

}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API void zend_initialize_class_data(zend_class_entry *ce, bool nullify_handlers) /* {{{ */
{
  bool persistent_hashes = ce->type == ZEND_INTERNAL_CLASS;

  ce->refcount = 1;
  ce->ce_flags = ZEND_ACC_CONSTANTS_UPDATED;
  ce->ce_flags2 = 0;

  if (CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_GUARDS) {
    ce->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_USE_GUARDS;
  }

  ce->default_properties_table = NULL;
  ce->default_static_members_table = NULL;
  zend_hash_init(&ce->properties_info, 8, NULL, NULL, persistent_hashes);
  zend_hash_init(&ce->constants_table, 8, NULL, NULL, persistent_hashes);
  zend_hash_init(&ce->function_table, 8, NULL, ZEND_FUNCTION_DTOR, persistent_hashes);

  ce->doc_comment = NULL;

  ZEND_MAP_PTR_INIT(ce->static_members_table, NULL);
  ZEND_MAP_PTR_INIT(ce->mutable_data, NULL);

  ce->default_object_handlers = &std_object_handlers;
  ce->default_properties_count = 0;
  ce->default_static_members_count = 0;
  ce->properties_info_table = NULL;
  ce->attributes = NULL;
  ce->enum_backing_type = IS_UNDEF;
  ce->backed_enum_table = NULL;

  if (nullify_handlers) {
    ce->constructor = NULL;
    ce->destructor = NULL;
    ce->clone = NULL;
    ce->__get = NULL;
    ce->__set = NULL;
    ce->__unset = NULL;
    ce->__isset = NULL;
    ce->__call = NULL;
    ce->__callstatic = NULL;
    ce->__tostring = NULL;
    ce->__serialize = NULL;
    ce->__unserialize = NULL;
    ce->__debugInfo = NULL;
    ce->create_object = NULL;
    ce->get_iterator = NULL;
    ce->iterator_funcs_ptr = NULL;
    ce->arrayaccess_funcs_ptr = NULL;
    ce->get_static_method = NULL;
    ce->parent = NULL;
    ce->parent_name = NULL;
    ce->num_interfaces = 0;
    ce->interfaces = NULL;
    ce->num_traits = 0;
    ce->num_hooked_props = 0;
    ce->num_hooked_prop_variance_checks = 0;
    ce->trait_names = NULL;
    ce->trait_aliases = NULL;
    ce->trait_precedences = NULL;
    ce->serialize = NULL;
    ce->unserialize = NULL;
    if (ce->type == ZEND_INTERNAL_CLASS) {
      ce->info.internal.module = NULL;
      ce->info.internal.builtin_functions = NULL;
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zend_string *zend_get_compiled_variable_name(const zend_op_array *op_array, uint32_t var) /* {{{ */
{
  return op_array->vars[EX_VAR_TO_NUM(var)];
}
/* }}} */

zend_ast *zend_ast_append_str(zend_ast *left_ast, zend_ast *right_ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zval *left_zv = zend_ast_get_zval(left_ast);
  zend_string *left = Z_STR_P(left_zv);
  zend_string *right = zend_ast_get_str(right_ast);

  zend_string *result;
  size_t left_len = ZSTR_LEN(left);
  size_t len = left_len + ZSTR_LEN(right) + 1; /* left\right */

  result = zend_string_extend(left, len, 0);
  ZSTR_VAL(result)[left_len] = '\\';
  memcpy(&ZSTR_VAL(result)[left_len + 1], ZSTR_VAL(right), ZSTR_LEN(right));
  ZSTR_VAL(result)[len] = '\0';
  zend_string_release_ex(right, 0);

  ZVAL_STR(left_zv, result);
  return left_ast;
}
/* }}} */

zend_ast *zend_negate_num_string(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zval *zv = zend_ast_get_zval(ast);
  if (Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_LONG) {
    if (Z_LVAL_P(zv) == 0) {
      ZVAL_NEW_STR(zv, ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("-0", 0));
    } else {
      ZEND_ASSERT(Z_LVAL_P(zv) > 0);
      Z_LVAL_P(zv) *= -1;
    }
  } else if (Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_STRING) {
    size_t orig_len = Z_STRLEN_P(zv);
    Z_STR_P(zv) = zend_string_extend(Z_STR_P(zv), orig_len + 1, 0);
    memmove(Z_STRVAL_P(zv) + 1, Z_STRVAL_P(zv), orig_len + 1);
    Z_STRVAL_P(zv)[0] = '-';
  } else {
    ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
  return ast;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_verify_namespace(void) /* {{{ */
{
  if (FC(has_bracketed_namespaces) && !FC(in_namespace)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "No code may exist outside of namespace {}");
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ zend_dirname
   Returns directory name component of path */
ZEND_API size_t zend_dirname(char *path, size_t len)
{
  char *end = path + len - 1;
  unsigned int len_adjust = 0;

#ifdef ZEND_WIN32
  /* Note that on Win32 CWD is per drive (heritage from CP/M).
   * This means dirname("c:foo") maps to "c:." or "c:" - which means CWD on C: drive.
   */
  if ((2 <= len) && isalpha((unsigned char)path[0]) && (':' == path[1])) {
    /* Skip over the drive spec (if any) so as not to change */
    path += 2;
    len_adjust += 2;
    if (2 == len) {
      /* Return "c:" on Win32 for dirname("c:").
       * It would be more consistent to return "c:."
       * but that would require making the string *longer*.
       */
      return len;
    }
  }
#endif

  if (len == 0) {
    /* Illegal use of this function */
    return 0;
  }

  /* Strip trailing slashes */
  while (end >= path && IS_SLASH_P_EX(end, end == path)) {
    end--;
  }
  if (end < path) {
    /* The path only contained slashes */
    path[0] = DEFAULT_SLASH;
    path[1] = '\0';
    return 1 + len_adjust;
  }

  /* Strip filename */
  while (end >= path && !IS_SLASH_P_EX(end, end == path)) {
    end--;
  }
  if (end < path) {
    /* No slash found, therefore return '.' */
    path[0] = '.';
    path[1] = '\0';
    return 1 + len_adjust;
  }

  /* Strip slashes which came before the file name */
  while (end >= path && IS_SLASH_P_EX(end, end == path)) {
    end--;
  }
  if (end < path) {
    path[0] = DEFAULT_SLASH;
    path[1] = '\0';
    return 1 + len_adjust;
  }
  *(end+1) = '\0';

  return (size_t)(end + 1 - path) + len_adjust;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_adjust_for_fetch_type(zend_op *opline, znode *result, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  uint_fast8_t factor = (opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_STATIC_PROP_R) ? 1 : 3;

  switch (type) {
    case BP_VAR_R:
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      return;
    case BP_VAR_W:
      opline->opcode += 1 * factor;
      return;
    case BP_VAR_RW:
      opline->opcode += 2 * factor;
      return;
    case BP_VAR_IS:
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      opline->opcode += 3 * factor;
      return;
    case BP_VAR_FUNC_ARG:
      opline->opcode += 4 * factor;
      return;
    case BP_VAR_UNSET:
      opline->opcode += 5 * factor;
      return;
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
}
/* }}} */

static inline void zend_make_var_result(znode *result, zend_op *opline) /* {{{ */
{
  opline->result_type = IS_VAR;
  opline->result.var = get_temporary_variable();
  GET_NODE(result, opline->result);
}
/* }}} */

static inline void zend_make_tmp_result(znode *result, zend_op *opline) /* {{{ */
{
  opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  opline->result.var = get_temporary_variable();
  GET_NODE(result, opline->result);
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op *zend_emit_op(znode *result, uint8_t opcode, znode *op1, znode *op2) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline = get_next_op();
  opline->opcode = opcode;

  if (op1 != NULL) {
    SET_NODE(opline->op1, op1);
  }

  if (op2 != NULL) {
    SET_NODE(opline->op2, op2);
  }

  if (result) {
    zend_make_var_result(result, opline);
  }
  return opline;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op *zend_emit_op_tmp(znode *result, uint8_t opcode, znode *op1, znode *op2) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline = get_next_op();
  opline->opcode = opcode;

  if (op1 != NULL) {
    SET_NODE(opline->op1, op1);
  }

  if (op2 != NULL) {
    SET_NODE(opline->op2, op2);
  }

  if (result) {
    zend_make_tmp_result(result, opline);
  }

  return opline;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_emit_tick(void) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline;

  /* This prevents a double TICK generated by the parser statement of "declare()" */
  if (CG(active_op_array)->last && CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[CG(active_op_array)->last - 1].opcode == ZEND_TICKS) {
    return;
  }

  opline = get_next_op();

  opline->opcode = ZEND_TICKS;
  opline->extended_value = FC(declarables).ticks;
}
/* }}} */

static inline zend_op *zend_emit_op_data(znode *value) /* {{{ */
{
  return zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_OP_DATA, value, NULL);
}
/* }}} */

static inline uint32_t zend_emit_jump(uint32_t opnum_target) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t opnum = get_next_op_number();
  zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_JMP, NULL, NULL);
  opline->op1.opline_num = opnum_target;
  return opnum;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API bool zend_is_smart_branch(const zend_op *opline) /* {{{ */
{
  switch (opline->opcode) {
    case ZEND_IS_IDENTICAL:
    case ZEND_IS_NOT_IDENTICAL:
    case ZEND_IS_EQUAL:
    case ZEND_IS_NOT_EQUAL:
    case ZEND_IS_SMALLER:
    case ZEND_IS_SMALLER_OR_EQUAL:
    case ZEND_CASE:
    case ZEND_CASE_STRICT:
    case ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_CV:
    case ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_VAR:
    case ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_DIM_OBJ:
    case ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_PROP_OBJ:
    case ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_STATIC_PROP:
    case ZEND_INSTANCEOF:
    case ZEND_TYPE_CHECK:
    case ZEND_DEFINED:
    case ZEND_IN_ARRAY:
    case ZEND_ARRAY_KEY_EXISTS:
      return 1;
    default:
      return 0;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static inline uint32_t zend_emit_cond_jump(uint8_t opcode, znode *cond, uint32_t opnum_target) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t opnum = get_next_op_number();
  zend_op *opline;

  if (cond->op_type == IS_TMP_VAR && opnum > 0) {
    opline = CG(active_op_array)->opcodes + opnum - 1;
    if (opline->result_type == IS_TMP_VAR
     && opline->result.var == cond->u.op.var
     && zend_is_smart_branch(opline)) {
      if (opcode == ZEND_JMPZ) {
        opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR | IS_SMART_BRANCH_JMPZ;
      } else {
        ZEND_ASSERT(opcode == ZEND_JMPNZ);
        opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR | IS_SMART_BRANCH_JMPNZ;
      }
    }
  }
  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, opcode, cond, NULL);
  opline->op2.opline_num = opnum_target;
  return opnum;
}
/* }}} */

static inline void zend_update_jump_target(uint32_t opnum_jump, uint32_t opnum_target) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_jump];
  switch (opline->opcode) {
    case ZEND_JMP:
      opline->op1.opline_num = opnum_target;
      break;
    case ZEND_JMPZ:
    case ZEND_JMPNZ:
    case ZEND_JMPZ_EX:
    case ZEND_JMPNZ_EX:
    case ZEND_JMP_SET:
    case ZEND_COALESCE:
    case ZEND_JMP_NULL:
    case ZEND_BIND_INIT_STATIC_OR_JMP:
    case ZEND_JMP_FRAMELESS:
      opline->op2.opline_num = opnum_target;
      break;
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
}
/* }}} */

static inline void zend_update_jump_target_to_next(uint32_t opnum_jump) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_update_jump_target(opnum_jump, get_next_op_number());
}
/* }}} */

static inline zend_op *zend_delayed_emit_op(znode *result, uint8_t opcode, znode *op1, znode *op2) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op tmp_opline;

  init_op(&tmp_opline);

  tmp_opline.opcode = opcode;
  if (op1 != NULL) {
    SET_NODE(tmp_opline.op1, op1);
  }
  if (op2 != NULL) {
    SET_NODE(tmp_opline.op2, op2);
  }
  if (result) {
    zend_make_var_result(result, &tmp_opline);
  }

  zend_stack_push(&CG(delayed_oplines_stack), &tmp_opline);
  return zend_stack_top(&CG(delayed_oplines_stack));
}
/* }}} */

static zend_always_inline uint32_t zend_delayed_oplines_stack_size(void)
{
  return zend_stack_count(&CG(delayed_oplines_stack));
}

static inline uint32_t zend_delayed_compile_begin(void) /* {{{ */
{
  return zend_delayed_oplines_stack_size();
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op *zend_delayed_compile_end(uint32_t offset) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline = NULL, *oplines = zend_stack_base(&CG(delayed_oplines_stack));
  uint32_t i, count = zend_stack_count(&CG(delayed_oplines_stack));

  ZEND_ASSERT(count >= offset);
  for (i = offset; i < count; ++i) {
    if (EXPECTED(oplines[i].opcode != ZEND_NOP)) {
      opline = get_next_op();
      memcpy(opline, &oplines[i], sizeof(zend_op));
    } else {
      opline = CG(active_op_array)->opcodes + oplines[i].extended_value;
    }
  }

  CG(delayed_oplines_stack).top = offset;
  return opline;
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_ast_kind_is_short_circuited(zend_ast_kind ast_kind)
{
  switch (ast_kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_METHOD_CALL:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_METHOD_CALL:
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL:
      return true;
    default:
      return false;
  }
}

static bool zend_ast_is_short_circuited(const zend_ast *ast)
{
  switch (ast->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_METHOD_CALL:
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL:
      return zend_ast_is_short_circuited(ast->child[0]);
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_METHOD_CALL:
      return true;
    default:
      return false;
  }
}

static void zend_assert_not_short_circuited(const zend_ast *ast)
{
  if (zend_ast_is_short_circuited(ast)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot take reference of a nullsafe chain");
  }
}

/* Mark nodes that are an inner part of a short-circuiting chain.
 * We should not perform a "commit" on them, as it will be performed by the outer-most node.
 * We do this to avoid passing down an argument in various compile functions. */

#define ZEND_SHORT_CIRCUITING_INNER 0x8000

static void zend_short_circuiting_mark_inner(zend_ast *ast) {
  if (zend_ast_kind_is_short_circuited(ast->kind)) {
    ast->attr |= ZEND_SHORT_CIRCUITING_INNER;
  }
}

static uint32_t zend_short_circuiting_checkpoint(void)
{
  return zend_stack_count(&CG(short_circuiting_opnums));
}

static void zend_short_circuiting_commit(uint32_t checkpoint, znode *result, const zend_ast *ast)
{
  bool is_short_circuited = zend_ast_kind_is_short_circuited(ast->kind)
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ISSET || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_EMPTY;
  if (!is_short_circuited) {
    ZEND_ASSERT(zend_stack_count(&CG(short_circuiting_opnums)) == checkpoint
      && "Short circuiting stack should be empty");
    return;
  }

  if (ast->attr & ZEND_SHORT_CIRCUITING_INNER) {
    /* Outer-most node will commit. */
    return;
  }

  while (zend_stack_count(&CG(short_circuiting_opnums)) != checkpoint) {
    uint32_t opnum = *(uint32_t *) zend_stack_top(&CG(short_circuiting_opnums));
    zend_op *opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum];
    opline->op2.opline_num = get_next_op_number();
    SET_NODE(opline->result, result);
    opline->extended_value |=
      ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ISSET ? ZEND_SHORT_CIRCUITING_CHAIN_ISSET :
      ast->kind == ZEND_AST_EMPTY ? ZEND_SHORT_CIRCUITING_CHAIN_EMPTY :
                                    ZEND_SHORT_CIRCUITING_CHAIN_EXPR;
    zend_stack_del_top(&CG(short_circuiting_opnums));
  }
}

/* Same value as ZEND_SHORT_CIRCUITING_INNER, AST kinds must not clash. */
#define ZEND_CONST_OBJECT_FETCH 0x8000

static void zend_mark_const_object_fetch(zend_ast *ast)
{
  while (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_DIM) {
    ast = ast->child[0];
  }

  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CONST || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST) {
    ast->attr |= ZEND_CONST_OBJECT_FETCH;
  }
}

static void zend_emit_jmp_null(znode *obj_node, uint32_t bp_type)
{
  uint32_t jmp_null_opnum = get_next_op_number();
  zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_JMP_NULL, obj_node, NULL);
  if (opline->op1_type == IS_CONST) {
    Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op1));
  }
  if (bp_type == BP_VAR_IS) {
    opline->extended_value |= ZEND_JMP_NULL_BP_VAR_IS;
  }
  zend_stack_push(&CG(short_circuiting_opnums), &jmp_null_opnum);
}

static inline bool zend_is_variable_or_call(const zend_ast *ast);

static void zend_compile_memoized_expr(znode *result, zend_ast *expr, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_memoize_mode memoize_mode = CG(memoize_mode);
  if (memoize_mode == ZEND_MEMOIZE_COMPILE) {
    znode memoized_result;

    /* Go through normal compilation */
    CG(memoize_mode) = ZEND_MEMOIZE_NONE;
    if (zend_is_variable_or_call(expr)) {
      zend_compile_var(result, expr, type, /* by_ref */ false);
    } else {
      zend_compile_expr(result, expr);
    }
    CG(memoize_mode) = ZEND_MEMOIZE_COMPILE;

    if (result->op_type == IS_VAR) {
      zend_emit_op(&memoized_result, ZEND_COPY_TMP, result, NULL);
    } else if (result->op_type == IS_TMP_VAR) {
      zend_emit_op_tmp(&memoized_result, ZEND_COPY_TMP, result, NULL);
    } else {
      if (result->op_type == IS_CONST) {
        Z_TRY_ADDREF(result->u.constant);
      }
      memoized_result = *result;
    }

    zend_hash_index_update_mem(
      CG(memoized_exprs), (uintptr_t) expr, &memoized_result, sizeof(znode));
  } else if (memoize_mode == ZEND_MEMOIZE_FETCH) {
    const znode *memoized_result = zend_hash_index_find_ptr(CG(memoized_exprs), (uintptr_t) expr);
    *result = *memoized_result;
    if (result->op_type == IS_CONST) {
      Z_TRY_ADDREF(result->u.constant);
    }
  } else {
    ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_emit_return_type_check(
    znode *expr, const zend_arg_info *return_info, bool implicit) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_type type = return_info->type;
  if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_SET(type)) {
    zend_op *opline;

    /* `return ...;` is illegal in a void function (but `return;` isn't) */
    if (ZEND_TYPE_CONTAINS_CODE(type, IS_VOID)) {
      if (expr) {
        if (expr->op_type == IS_CONST && Z_TYPE(expr->u.constant) == IS_NULL) {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
            "A void %s must not return a value "
            "(did you mean \"return;\" instead of \"return null;\"?)",
            CG(active_class_entry) != NULL ? "method" : "function");
        } else {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "A void %s must not return a value",
          CG(active_class_entry) != NULL ? "method" : "function");
        }
      }
      /* we don't need run-time check */
      return;
    }

    /* `return` is illegal in a never-returning function */
    if (ZEND_TYPE_CONTAINS_CODE(type, IS_NEVER)) {
      /* Implicit case handled separately using VERIFY_NEVER_TYPE opcode. */
      ZEND_ASSERT(!implicit);
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "A never-returning %s must not return",
        CG(active_class_entry) != NULL ? "method" : "function");
    }

    if (!expr && !implicit) {
      if (ZEND_TYPE_ALLOW_NULL(type)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "A %s with return type must return a value "
          "(did you mean \"return null;\" instead of \"return;\"?)",
          CG(active_class_entry) != NULL ? "method" : "function");
      } else {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "A %s with return type must return a value",
          CG(active_class_entry) != NULL ? "method" : "function");
      }
    }

    if (expr && ZEND_TYPE_PURE_MASK(type) == MAY_BE_ANY) {
      /* we don't need run-time check for mixed return type */
      return;
    }

    if (expr && expr->op_type == IS_CONST && ZEND_TYPE_CONTAINS_CODE(type, Z_TYPE(expr->u.constant))) {
      /* we don't need run-time check */
      return;
    }

    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_VERIFY_RETURN_TYPE, expr, NULL);
    if (expr && expr->op_type == IS_CONST) {
      opline->result_type = expr->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      opline->result.var = expr->u.op.var = get_temporary_variable();
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

void zend_emit_final_return(bool return_one) /* {{{ */
{
  znode zn;
  zend_op *ret;
  bool returns_reference = (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_RETURN_REFERENCE) != 0;

  if ((CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_HAS_RETURN_TYPE)
      && !(CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_GENERATOR)) {
    zend_arg_info *return_info = CG(active_op_array)->arg_info - 1;

    if (ZEND_TYPE_CONTAINS_CODE(return_info->type, IS_NEVER)) {
      zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_VERIFY_NEVER_TYPE, NULL, NULL);
      return;
    }

    zend_emit_return_type_check(NULL, return_info, true);
  }

  zn.op_type = IS_CONST;
  if (return_one) {
    ZVAL_LONG(&zn.u.constant, 1);
  } else {
    ZVAL_NULL(&zn.u.constant);
  }

  ret = zend_emit_op(NULL, returns_reference ? ZEND_RETURN_BY_REF : ZEND_RETURN, &zn, NULL);
  ret->extended_value = -1;
}
/* }}} */

static inline bool zend_is_variable(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  return ast->kind == ZEND_AST_VAR
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_DIM
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PROP
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP;
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_propagate_list_refs(zend_ast *ast);

static inline bool zend_is_passable_by_ref(const zend_ast *ast)
{
  if (zend_is_variable(ast) || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ASSIGN_REF) {
    return true;
  }
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ASSIGN
   && UNEXPECTED(ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ARRAY)
   && zend_propagate_list_refs(ast->child[0])) {
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

static inline bool zend_is_call(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  return ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALL
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_METHOD_CALL
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_METHOD_CALL
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PIPE;
}
/* }}} */

static inline bool zend_is_variable_or_call(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  return zend_is_variable(ast) || zend_is_call(ast);
}
/* }}} */

static inline bool zend_is_unticked_stmt(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  return ast->kind == ZEND_AST_STMT_LIST || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_LABEL
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PROP_DECL || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST_GROUP
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_USE_TRAIT || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_METHOD;
}
/* }}} */

static inline bool zend_can_write_to_variable(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  bool via_prop = false;

  while (
    ast->kind == ZEND_AST_DIM
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PROP
  ) {
    via_prop |= ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PROP;
    ast = ast->child[0];
  }

  if ((ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CONST || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST) && via_prop) {
    return true;
  }

  return zend_is_variable_or_call(ast) && !zend_ast_is_short_circuited(ast);
}
/* }}} */

static inline bool zend_is_const_default_class_ref(zend_ast *name_ast) /* {{{ */
{
  if (name_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    return false;
  }

  return ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT == zend_get_class_fetch_type_ast(name_ast);
}
/* }}} */

static inline void zend_handle_numeric_op(znode *node) /* {{{ */
{
  if (node->op_type == IS_CONST && Z_TYPE(node->u.constant) == IS_STRING) {
    zend_ulong index;

    if (ZEND_HANDLE_NUMERIC(Z_STR(node->u.constant), index)) {
      zval_ptr_dtor(&node->u.constant);
      ZVAL_LONG(&node->u.constant, index);
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

static inline void zend_handle_numeric_dim(const zend_op *opline, znode *dim_node) /* {{{ */
{
  if (Z_TYPE(dim_node->u.constant) == IS_STRING) {
    zend_ulong index;

    if (ZEND_HANDLE_NUMERIC(Z_STR(dim_node->u.constant), index)) {
      /* For numeric indexes we also keep the original value to use by ArrayAccess
       * See bug #63217
       */
      int c = zend_add_literal(&dim_node->u.constant);
      ZEND_ASSERT(opline->op2.constant + 1 == c);
      ZVAL_LONG(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op2), index);
      Z_EXTRA_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op2)) = ZEND_EXTRA_VALUE;
      return;
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

static inline void zend_set_class_name_op1(zend_op *opline, znode *class_node) /* {{{ */
{
  if (class_node->op_type == IS_CONST) {
    opline->op1_type = IS_CONST;
    opline->op1.constant = zend_add_class_name_literal(
      Z_STR(class_node->u.constant));
  } else {
    SET_NODE(opline->op1, class_node);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_class_ref(znode *result, zend_ast *name_ast, uint32_t fetch_flags) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t fetch_type;

  if (name_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    znode name_node;

    zend_compile_expr(&name_node, name_ast);

    if (name_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
      zend_string *name;

      if (Z_TYPE(name_node.u.constant) != IS_STRING) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Illegal class name");
      }

      name = Z_STR(name_node.u.constant);
      fetch_type = zend_get_class_fetch_type(name);

      if (fetch_type == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT) {
        result->op_type = IS_CONST;
        ZVAL_STR(&result->u.constant, zend_resolve_class_name(name, ZEND_NAME_FQ));
      } else {
        zend_ensure_valid_class_fetch_type(fetch_type);
        result->op_type = IS_UNUSED;
        result->u.op.num = fetch_type | fetch_flags;
      }

      zend_string_release_ex(name, 0);
    } else {
      zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_FETCH_CLASS, NULL, &name_node);
      opline->op1.num = ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT | fetch_flags;
    }
    return;
  }

  /* Fully qualified names are always default refs */
  if (name_ast->attr == ZEND_NAME_FQ) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_STR(&result->u.constant, zend_resolve_class_name_ast(name_ast));
    return;
  }

  fetch_type = zend_get_class_fetch_type(zend_ast_get_str(name_ast));
  if (ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT == fetch_type) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_STR(&result->u.constant, zend_resolve_class_name_ast(name_ast));
  } else {
    zend_ensure_valid_class_fetch_type(fetch_type);
    result->op_type = IS_UNUSED;
    result->u.op.num = fetch_type | fetch_flags;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_try_compile_cv(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *name_ast = ast->child[0];
  if (name_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    zval *zv = zend_ast_get_zval(name_ast);
    zend_string *name;

    if (EXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_STRING)) {
      name = zval_make_interned_string(zv);
    } else {
      name = zend_new_interned_string(zval_get_string_func(zv));
    }

    if (zend_is_auto_global(name)) {
      return FAILURE;
    }

    if (!CG(context).has_assigned_to_http_response_header && zend_string_equals_literal(name, "http_response_header")) {
      if (type == BP_VAR_R) {
        zend_error(E_DEPRECATED,
          "The predefined locally scoped $http_response_header variable is deprecated,"
          " call http_get_last_response_headers() instead");
      } else if (type == BP_VAR_W) {
        CG(context).has_assigned_to_http_response_header = true;
      }
    }

    result->op_type = IS_CV;
    result->u.op.var = lookup_cv(name);

    if (UNEXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(zv) != IS_STRING)) {
      zend_string_release_ex(name, 0);
    }

    return SUCCESS;
  }

  return FAILURE;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op *zend_compile_simple_var_no_cv(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type, bool delayed) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *name_ast = ast->child[0];
  znode name_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  zend_compile_expr(&name_node, name_ast);
  if (name_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    convert_to_string(&name_node.u.constant);
  }

  if (delayed) {
    opline = zend_delayed_emit_op(result, ZEND_FETCH_R, &name_node, NULL);
  } else {
    opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_FETCH_R, &name_node, NULL);
  }

  if (name_node.op_type == IS_CONST &&
      zend_is_auto_global(Z_STR(name_node.u.constant))) {

    opline->extended_value = ZEND_FETCH_GLOBAL;
  } else {
    if (name_node.op_type == IS_CONST
      && type == BP_VAR_R
      && zend_string_equals_literal(Z_STR(name_node.u.constant), "http_response_header")) {
      zend_error(E_DEPRECATED,
        "The predefined locally scoped $http_response_header variable is deprecated,"
        " call http_get_last_response_headers() instead");
    }
    opline->extended_value = ZEND_FETCH_LOCAL;
  }

  zend_adjust_for_fetch_type(opline, result, type);
  return opline;
}
/* }}} */

static bool is_this_fetch(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_VAR && ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    const zval *name = zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0]);
    return Z_TYPE_P(name) == IS_STRING && zend_string_equals(Z_STR_P(name), ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_THIS));
  }

  return false;
}
/* }}} */

static bool is_globals_fetch(const zend_ast *ast)
{
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_VAR && ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    const zval *name = zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0]);
    return Z_TYPE_P(name) == IS_STRING && zend_string_equals_literal(Z_STR_P(name), "GLOBALS");
  }

  return false;
}

static bool is_global_var_fetch(const zend_ast *ast)
{
  return ast->kind == ZEND_AST_DIM && is_globals_fetch(ast->child[0]);
}

static bool this_guaranteed_exists(void) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_oparray_context *ctx = &CG(context);
  while (ctx) {
    /* Instance methods always have a $this.
     * This also includes closures that have a scope and use $this. */
    const zend_op_array *op_array = ctx->op_array;
    if (op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_STATIC) {
      return false;
    } else if (op_array->scope) {
      return true;
    } else if (!(op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_CLOSURE)) {
      return false;
    }
    ctx = ctx->prev;
  }
  return false;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op *zend_compile_simple_var(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type, bool delayed) /* {{{ */
{
  if (is_this_fetch(ast)) {
    zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_FETCH_THIS, NULL, NULL);
    if ((type == BP_VAR_R) || (type == BP_VAR_IS)) {
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    }
    CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_USES_THIS;
    return opline;
  } else if (is_globals_fetch(ast)) {
    zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_FETCH_GLOBALS, NULL, NULL);
    if (type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS) {
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    }
    return opline;
  } else if (zend_try_compile_cv(result, ast, type) == FAILURE) {
    return zend_compile_simple_var_no_cv(result, ast, type, delayed);
  }
  return NULL;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_separate_if_call_and_write(znode *node, const zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  if (type != BP_VAR_R
   && type != BP_VAR_IS
   /* Whether a FUNC_ARG is R may only be determined at runtime. */
   && type != BP_VAR_FUNC_ARG
   && zend_is_call(ast)) {
    if (node->op_type == IS_VAR) {
      zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_SEPARATE, node, NULL);
      opline->result_type = IS_VAR;
      opline->result.var = opline->op1.var;
    } else {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use result of built-in function in write context");
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

static inline void zend_emit_assign_znode(zend_ast *var_ast, const znode *value_node) /* {{{ */
{
  znode dummy_node;
  zend_ast *assign_ast = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_ASSIGN, var_ast,
    zend_ast_create_znode(value_node));
  zend_compile_expr(&dummy_node, assign_ast);
  zend_do_free(&dummy_node);
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op *zend_delayed_compile_dim(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type, bool by_ref)
{
  zend_ast *var_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *dim_ast = ast->child[1];
  zend_op *opline;

  znode var_node, dim_node;

  if (is_globals_fetch(var_ast)) {
    if (dim_ast == NULL) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot append to $GLOBALS");
    }

    zend_compile_expr(&dim_node, dim_ast);
    if (dim_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
      convert_to_string(&dim_node.u.constant);
    }

    opline = zend_delayed_emit_op(result, ZEND_FETCH_R, &dim_node, NULL);
    opline->extended_value = ZEND_FETCH_GLOBAL;
    zend_adjust_for_fetch_type(opline, result, type);
    return opline;
  } else {
    zend_short_circuiting_mark_inner(var_ast);
    opline = zend_delayed_compile_var(&var_node, var_ast, type, false);
    if (opline) {
      if (type == BP_VAR_W && (opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_STATIC_PROP_W || opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_OBJ_W)) {
        opline->extended_value |= ZEND_FETCH_DIM_WRITE;
      } else if (opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_DIM_W
          || opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_DIM_RW
          || opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_DIM_FUNC_ARG
          || opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_DIM_UNSET) {
        opline->extended_value = ZEND_FETCH_DIM_DIM;
      }
    }
  }

  zend_separate_if_call_and_write(&var_node, var_ast, type);

  if (dim_ast == NULL) {
    if (type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use [] for reading");
    }
    if (type == BP_VAR_UNSET) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use [] for unsetting");
    }
    dim_node.op_type = IS_UNUSED;
  } else {
    zend_compile_expr(&dim_node, dim_ast);
  }

  opline = zend_delayed_emit_op(result, ZEND_FETCH_DIM_R, &var_node, &dim_node);
  zend_adjust_for_fetch_type(opline, result, type);
  if (by_ref) {
    opline->extended_value = ZEND_FETCH_DIM_REF;
  }

  if (dim_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    zend_handle_numeric_dim(opline, &dim_node);
  }
  return opline;
}

static zend_op *zend_compile_dim(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type, bool by_ref) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t offset = zend_delayed_compile_begin();
  zend_delayed_compile_dim(result, ast, type, by_ref);
  return zend_delayed_compile_end(offset);
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op *zend_delayed_compile_prop(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *obj_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *prop_ast = ast->child[1];

  znode obj_node, prop_node;
  zend_op *opline;
  bool nullsafe = ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP;

  if (is_this_fetch(obj_ast)) {
    if (this_guaranteed_exists()) {
      obj_node.op_type = IS_UNUSED;
    } else {
      opline = zend_emit_op(&obj_node, ZEND_FETCH_THIS, NULL, NULL);
      if ((type == BP_VAR_R) || (type == BP_VAR_IS)) {
        opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
        obj_node.op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      }
    }
    CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_USES_THIS;

    /* We will throw if $this doesn't exist, so there's no need to emit a JMP_NULL
     * check for a nullsafe access. */
  } else {
    uint32_t offset = zend_delayed_oplines_stack_size();
    zend_short_circuiting_mark_inner(obj_ast);
    zend_mark_const_object_fetch(obj_ast);
    opline = zend_delayed_compile_var(&obj_node, obj_ast, type, false);
    if (opline && (opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_DIM_W
        || opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_DIM_RW
        || opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_DIM_FUNC_ARG
        || opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_DIM_UNSET)) {
      opline->extended_value = ZEND_FETCH_DIM_OBJ;
    }

    zend_separate_if_call_and_write(&obj_node, obj_ast, type);
    if (nullsafe) {
      if (obj_node.op_type == IS_TMP_VAR) {
        /* Flush delayed oplines */
        zend_op *opline = NULL, *oplines = zend_stack_base(&CG(delayed_oplines_stack));
        uint32_t var = obj_node.u.op.var;
        uint32_t count = zend_delayed_oplines_stack_size();
        uint32_t i = count;

        /* Only consider the oplines delayed while compiling obj_ast. */
        while (i > offset && oplines[i-1].result_type == IS_TMP_VAR && oplines[i-1].result.var == var) {
          i--;
          if (oplines[i].op1_type == IS_TMP_VAR) {
            var = oplines[i].op1.var;
          } else {
            break;
          }
        }
        for (; i < count; ++i) {
          if (oplines[i].opcode != ZEND_NOP) {
            opline = get_next_op();
            memcpy(opline, &oplines[i], sizeof(zend_op));
            oplines[i].opcode = ZEND_NOP;
            oplines[i].extended_value = opline - CG(active_op_array)->opcodes;
          }
        }
      }
      zend_emit_jmp_null(&obj_node, type);
    }
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&prop_node, prop_ast);

  opline = zend_delayed_emit_op(result, ZEND_FETCH_OBJ_R, &obj_node, &prop_node);
  if (opline->op2_type == IS_CONST) {
    convert_to_string(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op2));
    zend_string_hash_val(Z_STR_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op2)));
    opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slots(3);
  }

  zend_adjust_for_fetch_type(opline, result, type);

  return opline;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op *zend_compile_prop(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type, bool by_ref) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t offset = zend_delayed_compile_begin();
  zend_op *opline = zend_delayed_compile_prop(result, ast, type);
  if (by_ref) { /* shared with cache_slot */
    opline->extended_value |= ZEND_FETCH_REF;
  }
  return zend_delayed_compile_end(offset);
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op *zend_compile_static_prop(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type, bool by_ref, bool delayed) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *class_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *prop_ast = ast->child[1];

  znode class_node, prop_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  zend_short_circuiting_mark_inner(class_ast);
  zend_compile_class_ref(&class_node, class_ast, ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_EXCEPTION);

  zend_compile_expr(&prop_node, prop_ast);

  if (delayed) {
    opline = zend_delayed_emit_op(result, ZEND_FETCH_STATIC_PROP_R, &prop_node, NULL);
  } else {
    opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_FETCH_STATIC_PROP_R, &prop_node, NULL);
  }
  if (opline->op1_type == IS_CONST) {
    convert_to_string(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op1));
    opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slots(3);
  }
  if (class_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
    opline->op2.constant = zend_add_class_name_literal(
      Z_STR(class_node.u.constant));
    if (opline->op1_type != IS_CONST) {
      opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slot();
    }
  } else {
    SET_NODE(opline->op2, &class_node);
  }

  if (by_ref && (type == BP_VAR_W || type == BP_VAR_FUNC_ARG)) { /* shared with cache_slot */
    opline->extended_value |= ZEND_FETCH_REF;
  }

  zend_adjust_for_fetch_type(opline, result, type);
  return opline;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_verify_list_assign_target(const zend_ast *var_ast, zend_ast_attr array_style) /* {{{ */ {
  if (var_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ARRAY) {
    if (var_ast->attr == ZEND_ARRAY_SYNTAX_LONG) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot assign to array(), use [] instead");
    }
    if (array_style != var_ast->attr) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot mix [] and list()");
    }
  } else if (!zend_can_write_to_variable(var_ast)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Assignments can only happen to writable values");
  }
}
/* }}} */

static inline void zend_emit_assign_ref_znode(zend_ast *var_ast, const znode *value_node);

/* Propagate refs used on leaf elements to the surrounding list() structures. */
static bool zend_propagate_list_refs(zend_ast *ast) { /* {{{ */
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  bool has_refs = false;
  uint32_t i;

  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *elem_ast = list->child[i];

    if (elem_ast) {
      zend_ast *var_ast = elem_ast->child[0];
      if (var_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ARRAY) {
        elem_ast->attr = zend_propagate_list_refs(var_ast);
      }
      has_refs |= elem_ast->attr;
    }
  }

  return has_refs;
}
/* }}} */

static bool list_is_keyed(const zend_ast_list *list)
{
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
    const zend_ast *child = list->child[i];
    if (child) {
      return child->kind == ZEND_AST_ARRAY_ELEM && child->child[1] != NULL;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

static void zend_compile_list_assign(
    znode *result, zend_ast *ast, znode *expr_node, zend_ast_attr array_style, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  uint32_t i;
  bool has_elems = false;
  bool is_keyed = list_is_keyed(list);

  if (list->children && expr_node->op_type == IS_CONST && Z_TYPE(expr_node->u.constant) == IS_STRING) {
    zval_make_interned_string(&expr_node->u.constant);
  }

  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *elem_ast = list->child[i];
    zend_ast *var_ast, *key_ast;
    znode fetch_result, dim_node;
    zend_op *opline;

    if (elem_ast == NULL) {
      if (is_keyed) {
        zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot use empty array entries in keyed array assignment");
      } else {
        continue;
      }
    }

    if (elem_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_UNPACK) {
      zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Spread operator is not supported in assignments");
    }

    var_ast = elem_ast->child[0];
    key_ast = elem_ast->child[1];
    has_elems = true;

    if (is_keyed) {
      if (key_ast == NULL) {
        zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot mix keyed and unkeyed array entries in assignments");
      }

      zend_compile_expr(&dim_node, key_ast);
    } else {
      if (key_ast != NULL) {
        zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot mix keyed and unkeyed array entries in assignments");
      }

      dim_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
      ZVAL_LONG(&dim_node.u.constant, i);
    }

    if (expr_node->op_type == IS_CONST) {
      Z_TRY_ADDREF(expr_node->u.constant);
    }

    zend_verify_list_assign_target(var_ast, array_style);

    opline = zend_emit_op(&fetch_result,
      elem_ast->attr ? (expr_node->op_type == IS_CV ? ZEND_FETCH_DIM_W : ZEND_FETCH_LIST_W) : ZEND_FETCH_LIST_R, expr_node, &dim_node);
    if (opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_LIST_R) {
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      fetch_result.op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    }

    if (dim_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
      zend_handle_numeric_dim(opline, &dim_node);
    }

    if (elem_ast->attr) {
      zend_emit_op(&fetch_result, ZEND_MAKE_REF, &fetch_result, NULL);
    }
    if (var_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ARRAY) {
      zend_compile_list_assign(NULL, var_ast, &fetch_result, var_ast->attr, type);
    } else if (elem_ast->attr) {
      zend_emit_assign_ref_znode(var_ast, &fetch_result);
    } else {
      zend_emit_assign_znode(var_ast, &fetch_result);
    }
  }

  if (has_elems == 0) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use empty list");
  }

  if (result) {
    if ((type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS) && expr_node->op_type == IS_VAR) {
      /* Deref. */
      zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, expr_node, NULL);
    } else {
      *result = *expr_node;
    }
  } else {
    zend_do_free(expr_node);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_ensure_writable_variable(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALL || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PIPE) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Can't use function return value in write context");
  }
  if (
    ast->kind == ZEND_AST_METHOD_CALL
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_METHOD_CALL
    || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL
  ) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Can't use method return value in write context");
  }
  if (zend_ast_is_short_circuited(ast)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Can't use nullsafe operator in write context");
  }
  if (is_globals_fetch(ast)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "$GLOBALS can only be modified using the $GLOBALS[$name] = $value syntax");
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* Detects $a... = $a pattern */
static bool zend_is_assign_to_self(const zend_ast *var_ast, const zend_ast *expr_ast) /* {{{ */
{
  if (expr_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_VAR || expr_ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    return false;
  }

  while (zend_is_variable(var_ast) && var_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_VAR) {
    var_ast = var_ast->child[0];
  }

  if (var_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_VAR || var_ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    return false;
  }

  {
    zend_string *name1 = zval_get_string(zend_ast_get_zval(var_ast->child[0]));
    zend_string *name2 = zval_get_string(zend_ast_get_zval(expr_ast->child[0]));
    bool result = zend_string_equals(name1, name2);
    zend_string_release_ex(name1, 0);
    zend_string_release_ex(name2, 0);
    return result;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_expr_with_potential_assign_to_self(
    znode *expr_node, zend_ast *expr_ast, const zend_ast *var_ast) {
  if (zend_is_assign_to_self(var_ast, expr_ast) && !is_this_fetch(expr_ast)) {
    /* $a[0] = $a should evaluate the right $a first */
    znode cv_node;

    if (zend_try_compile_cv(&cv_node, expr_ast, BP_VAR_R) == FAILURE) {
      zend_compile_simple_var_no_cv(expr_node, expr_ast, BP_VAR_R, false);
    } else {
      zend_emit_op_tmp(expr_node, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &cv_node, NULL);
    }
  } else {
    zend_compile_expr(expr_node, expr_ast);
  }
}

/* Flat unkeyed list and literal without references or spread, one value per target */
static bool zend_list_assign_from_array_applies(zend_ast *var_ast, zend_ast *expr_ast) /* {{{ */
{
  if (expr_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ARRAY) {
    return false;
  }

  const zend_ast_list *targets = zend_ast_get_list(var_ast);
  const zend_ast_list *values = zend_ast_get_list(expr_ast);
  if (targets->children == 0 || values->children != targets->children) {
    return false;
  }

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < targets->children; i++) {
    const zend_ast *target_ast = targets->child[i];
    const zend_ast *value_ast = values->child[i];
    if (target_ast == NULL || target_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ARRAY_ELEM || target_ast->child[1] != NULL || target_ast->attr
     || target_ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ARRAY) {
      return false;
    }
    if (value_ast == NULL || value_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ARRAY_ELEM || value_ast->child[1] != NULL || value_ast->attr) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}
/* }}} */

/* [$a, $b] = [$b, $a]; with an unused result: assigns the values directly, without the array.
 * The values are compiled in order and a variable is copied before any assignment; each target
 * then takes its value */
static bool zend_try_compile_list_assign_from_array(zend_ast *var_ast, zend_ast *expr_ast) /* {{{ */
{
  if (!zend_list_assign_from_array_applies(var_ast, expr_ast)) {
    return false;
  }

  const zend_ast_list *targets = zend_ast_get_list(var_ast);
  const zend_ast_list *values = zend_ast_get_list(expr_ast);
  uint32_t count = values->children;
  znode *value_nodes = safe_emalloc(count, sizeof(znode), 0);

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    znode *value = &value_nodes[i];
    zend_compile_expr(value, values->child[i]->child[0]);
    if (value->op_type == IS_CV) {
      zend_emit_op_tmp(value, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, value, NULL);
    }
  }

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    zend_ast *target_ast = targets->child[i]->child[0];

    zend_verify_list_assign_target(target_ast, var_ast->attr);
    zend_emit_assign_znode(target_ast, &value_nodes[i]);
  }

  efree(value_nodes);
  return true;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_assign(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, bool stmt, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *var_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[1];

  znode var_node, expr_node;
  zend_op *opline;
  uint32_t offset;
  if (is_this_fetch(var_ast)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot re-assign $this");
  }

  zend_ensure_writable_variable(var_ast);

  /* Treat $GLOBALS['x'] assignment like assignment to variable. */
  zend_ast_kind kind = is_global_var_fetch(var_ast) ? ZEND_AST_VAR : var_ast->kind;
  switch (kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_VAR:
      offset = zend_delayed_compile_begin();
      zend_delayed_compile_var(&var_node, var_ast, BP_VAR_W, false);
      zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);
      zend_delayed_compile_end(offset);
      CG(zend_lineno) = zend_ast_get_lineno(var_ast);
      zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_ASSIGN, &var_node, &expr_node);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP:
      offset = zend_delayed_compile_begin();
      zend_delayed_compile_var(result, var_ast, BP_VAR_W, false);
      zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

      opline = zend_delayed_compile_end(offset);
      opline->opcode = ZEND_ASSIGN_STATIC_PROP;
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;

      zend_emit_op_data(&expr_node);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
      offset = zend_delayed_compile_begin();
      zend_delayed_compile_dim(result, var_ast, BP_VAR_W, /* by_ref */ false);
      zend_compile_expr_with_potential_assign_to_self(&expr_node, expr_ast, var_ast);

      opline = zend_delayed_compile_end(offset);
      opline->opcode = ZEND_ASSIGN_DIM;
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;

      opline = zend_emit_op_data(&expr_node);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
      offset = zend_delayed_compile_begin();
      zend_delayed_compile_prop(result, var_ast, BP_VAR_W);
      zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

      opline = zend_delayed_compile_end(offset);
      opline->opcode = ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ;
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;

      zend_emit_op_data(&expr_node);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_ARRAY:
      if (zend_propagate_list_refs(var_ast)) {
        if (!zend_is_variable_or_call(expr_ast)) {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
            "Cannot assign reference to non referenceable value");
        } else {
          zend_assert_not_short_circuited(expr_ast);
        }

        zend_compile_var(&expr_node, expr_ast, BP_VAR_W, true);
        /* MAKE_REF is usually not necessary for CVs. However, if there are
         * self-assignments, this forces the RHS to evaluate first. */
        zend_emit_op(&expr_node, ZEND_MAKE_REF, &expr_node, NULL);
      } else {
        if (stmt && zend_try_compile_list_assign_from_array(var_ast, expr_ast)) {
          result->op_type = IS_UNUSED;
          return;
        }
        if (expr_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_VAR) {
          /* list($a, $b) = $a should evaluate the right $a first */
          znode cv_node;

          if (zend_try_compile_cv(&cv_node, expr_ast, BP_VAR_R) == FAILURE) {
            zend_compile_simple_var_no_cv(&expr_node, expr_ast, BP_VAR_R, false);
          } else {
            zend_emit_op_tmp(&expr_node, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &cv_node, NULL);
          }
        } else {
          zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);
        }
      }

      zend_compile_list_assign(!stmt ? result : NULL, var_ast, &expr_node, var_ast->attr, type);
      if (stmt) {
        result->op_type = IS_UNUSED;
      }
      return;
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_assign_ref(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *target_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *source_ast = ast->child[1];

  znode target_node, source_node;
  zend_op *opline;
  uint32_t offset, flags;

  if (is_this_fetch(target_ast)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot re-assign $this");
  }
  zend_ensure_writable_variable(target_ast);
  zend_assert_not_short_circuited(source_ast);
  if (is_globals_fetch(source_ast)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot acquire reference to $GLOBALS");
  }

  offset = zend_delayed_compile_begin();
  zend_delayed_compile_var(&target_node, target_ast, BP_VAR_W, true);
  zend_compile_var(&source_node, source_ast, BP_VAR_W, true);

  if ((target_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_VAR
    || target_ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL)
   && source_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZNODE
   && source_node.op_type != IS_CV) {
    /* Both LHS and RHS expressions may modify the same data structure,
     * and the modification during RHS evaluation may dangle the pointer
     * to the result of the LHS evaluation.
     * Use MAKE_REF instruction to replace direct pointer with REFERENCE.
     * See: Bug #71539
     */
    zend_emit_op(&source_node, ZEND_MAKE_REF, &source_node, NULL);
  }

  opline = zend_delayed_compile_end(offset);

  if (source_node.op_type != IS_VAR && zend_is_call(source_ast)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use result of built-in function in write context");
  }

  flags = zend_is_call(source_ast) ? ZEND_RETURNS_FUNCTION : 0;

  if (opline && opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_OBJ_W) {
    opline->opcode = ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ_REF;
    opline->extended_value &= ~ZEND_FETCH_REF;
    opline->extended_value |= flags;
    if (result) {
      *result = target_node;
    } else {
      SET_UNUSED(opline->result);
    }
    zend_emit_op_data(&source_node);
  } else if (opline && opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_STATIC_PROP_W) {
    opline->opcode = ZEND_ASSIGN_STATIC_PROP_REF;
    opline->extended_value &= ~ZEND_FETCH_REF;
    opline->extended_value |= flags;
    if (result) {
      *result = target_node;
    } else {
      SET_UNUSED(opline->result);
    }
    zend_emit_op_data(&source_node);
  } else {
    opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_ASSIGN_REF, &target_node, &source_node);
    opline->extended_value = flags;
  }

  if (result && (type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS)) {
    /* Deref. */
    znode tmp_result = *result;
    zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &tmp_result, NULL);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static inline void zend_emit_assign_ref_znode(zend_ast *var_ast, const znode *value_node) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *assign_ast = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_ASSIGN_REF, var_ast,
    zend_ast_create_znode(value_node));
  zend_compile_stmt(assign_ast);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_compound_assign(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *var_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[1];
  uint32_t opcode = ast->attr;

  znode var_node, expr_node;
  zend_op *opline;
  uint32_t offset, cache_slot;

  zend_ensure_writable_variable(var_ast);

  /* Treat $GLOBALS['x'] assignment like assignment to variable. */
  zend_ast_kind kind = is_global_var_fetch(var_ast) ? ZEND_AST_VAR : var_ast->kind;
  switch (kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_VAR:
      offset = zend_delayed_compile_begin();
      zend_delayed_compile_var(&var_node, var_ast, BP_VAR_RW, false);
      zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);
      zend_delayed_compile_end(offset);
      opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_ASSIGN_OP, &var_node, &expr_node);
      opline->extended_value = opcode;
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP:
      offset = zend_delayed_compile_begin();
      zend_delayed_compile_var(result, var_ast, BP_VAR_RW, false);
      zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

      opline = zend_delayed_compile_end(offset);
      cache_slot = opline->extended_value;
      opline->opcode = ZEND_ASSIGN_STATIC_PROP_OP;
      opline->extended_value = opcode;
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;

      opline = zend_emit_op_data(&expr_node);
      opline->extended_value = cache_slot;
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
      offset = zend_delayed_compile_begin();
      zend_delayed_compile_dim(result, var_ast, BP_VAR_RW, /* by_ref */ false);
      zend_compile_expr_with_potential_assign_to_self(&expr_node, expr_ast, var_ast);

      opline = zend_delayed_compile_end(offset);
      opline->opcode = ZEND_ASSIGN_DIM_OP;
      opline->extended_value = opcode;
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;

      zend_emit_op_data(&expr_node);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
      offset = zend_delayed_compile_begin();
      zend_delayed_compile_prop(result, var_ast, BP_VAR_RW);
      zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

      opline = zend_delayed_compile_end(offset);
      cache_slot = opline->extended_value;
      opline->opcode = ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ_OP;
      opline->extended_value = opcode;
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;

      opline = zend_emit_op_data(&expr_node);
      opline->extended_value = cache_slot;
      return;
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
}
/* }}} */

static uint32_t zend_get_arg_num(const zend_function *fn, const zend_string *arg_name) {
  // TODO: Caching?
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < fn->common.num_args; i++) {
    zend_arg_info *arg_info = &fn->op_array.arg_info[i];
    if (zend_string_equals(arg_info->name, arg_name)) {
      return i + 1;
    }
  }

  /* Either an invalid argument name, or collected into a variadic argument. */
  return (uint32_t) -1;
}

static uint32_t zend_compile_args_ex(
    zend_ast *ast, const zend_function *fbc,
    bool *may_have_extra_named_args,
    bool is_call_partial, bool *uses_variadic_placeholder_p,
    zval *named_positions) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_list *args = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  uint32_t i;
  bool uses_arg_unpack = false;
  bool uses_variadic_placeholder = false;
  uint32_t arg_count = 0; /* number of arguments not including unpacks */

  /* Whether named arguments are used syntactically, to enforce language level limitations.
   * May not actually use named argument passing. */
  bool uses_named_args = false;
  /* Whether there may be any undef arguments due to the use of named arguments. */
  bool may_have_undef = false;
  /* Whether there may be any extra named arguments collected into a variadic. */
  *may_have_extra_named_args = false;

  for (i = 0; i < args->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *arg = args->child[i];
    zend_string *arg_name = NULL;
    uint32_t arg_num = i + 1;

    znode arg_node;
    zend_op *opline;
    uint8_t opcode;

    if (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_UNPACK) {
      if (uses_named_args) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot use argument unpacking after named arguments");
      }

      if (is_call_partial) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot combine partial application and unpacking");
      }

      /* Unpack may contain named arguments. */
      may_have_undef = true;
      if (!fbc || (fbc->common.fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_VARIADIC)) {
        *may_have_extra_named_args = true;
      }

      uses_arg_unpack = true;
      fbc = NULL;

      zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, arg->child[0]);
      opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_SEND_UNPACK, &arg_node, NULL);
      opline->op2.num = arg_count;
      opline->result.var = EX_NUM_TO_VAR(arg_count - 1);

      continue;
    }

    if (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG) {
      uses_named_args = true;
      arg_name = zval_make_interned_string(zend_ast_get_zval(arg->child[0]));
      arg = arg->child[1];

      if (fbc && !uses_arg_unpack) {
        arg_num = zend_get_arg_num(fbc, arg_name);
        if (arg_num == arg_count + 1 && !may_have_undef) {
          /* Using named arguments, but passing in order. */
          arg_name = NULL;
          arg_count++;
        } else {
          // TODO: We could track which arguments were passed, even if out of order.
          may_have_undef = true;
          if (arg_num == (uint32_t) -1 && (fbc->common.fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_VARIADIC)) {
            *may_have_extra_named_args = true;
          }
        }
      } else {
        arg_num = (uint32_t) -1;
        may_have_undef = true;
        *may_have_extra_named_args = true;
      }

      if (uses_variadic_placeholder) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Variadic placeholder must be last");
      }
    } else {
      if (uses_arg_unpack) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot use positional argument after argument unpacking");
      }

      bool is_variadic_placeholder = arg->kind == ZEND_AST_PLACEHOLDER_ARG
        && arg->attr == ZEND_PLACEHOLDER_VARIADIC;

      if (uses_named_args && !is_variadic_placeholder) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot use positional argument after named argument");
      }

      if (uses_variadic_placeholder) {
        if (is_variadic_placeholder) {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
            "Variadic placeholder may only appear once");
        } else {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
            "Variadic placeholder must be last");
        }
      }

      if (!is_variadic_placeholder) {
        arg_count++;
      }
    }

    if (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_PLACEHOLDER_ARG) {
      if (uses_arg_unpack) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot combine partial application and unpacking");
      }

      if (arg->attr == ZEND_PLACEHOLDER_VARIADIC) {
        uses_variadic_placeholder = true;
        /* Do not emit ZEND_SEND_PLACEHOLDER: We represent the variadic
         * placeholder with a flag on the ZEND_CONVERT_CALLABLE_PARTIAL
         * op instead. */
        continue;
      }

      if (arg_name) {
        if (Z_ISUNDEF_P(named_positions)) {
          array_init(named_positions);
        }
        zval tmp;
        ZVAL_LONG(&tmp, zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(named_positions)));
        zend_hash_add(Z_ARRVAL_P(named_positions), arg_name, &tmp);
      }

      opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_SEND_PLACEHOLDER, NULL, NULL);
      if (arg_name) {
        opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
        zend_string_addref(arg_name);
        opline->op2.constant = zend_add_literal_string(&arg_name);
        opline->result.num = zend_alloc_cache_slots(2);
      } else if (arg->attr != ZEND_PLACEHOLDER_VARIADIC) {
        opline->op2.opline_num = arg_num;
        opline->result.var = EX_NUM_TO_VAR(arg_num - 1);
      }

      continue;
    }

    /* Treat passing of $GLOBALS the same as passing a call.
     * This will error at runtime if the argument is by-ref. */
    if (zend_is_call(arg) || is_globals_fetch(arg)) {
      uint32_t type = is_globals_fetch(arg) || (fbc && !ARG_SHOULD_BE_SENT_BY_REF(fbc, arg_num))
        ? BP_VAR_R : BP_VAR_FUNC_ARG;
      zend_compile_var(&arg_node, arg, type, /* by_ref */ false);
      if (arg_node.op_type & (IS_CONST|IS_TMP_VAR)) {
        /* Function call was converted into builtin instruction */
        if (!fbc || ARG_MUST_BE_SENT_BY_REF(fbc, arg_num)) {
          opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAL_EX;
        } else {
          opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAL;
        }
      } else {
        if (fbc && arg_num != (uint32_t) -1) {
          if (ARG_MUST_BE_SENT_BY_REF(fbc, arg_num)) {
            opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF;
          } else if (ARG_MAY_BE_SENT_BY_REF(fbc, arg_num)) {
            /* For IS_VAR operands, SEND_VAL will pass through the operand without
             * dereferencing, so it will use a by-ref pass if the call returned by-ref
             * and a by-value pass if it returned by-value. */
            opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAL;
          } else {
            opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAR;
          }
        } else {
          opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF_EX;
        }
      }
    } else if (zend_is_passable_by_ref(arg) && !zend_ast_is_short_circuited(arg)) {
      if (fbc && arg_num != (uint32_t) -1) {
        if (ARG_SHOULD_BE_SENT_BY_REF(fbc, arg_num)) {
          zend_compile_var(&arg_node, arg, BP_VAR_W, true);
          opcode = ZEND_SEND_REF;
        } else {
          zend_compile_var(&arg_node, arg, BP_VAR_R, false);
          opcode = (arg_node.op_type == IS_TMP_VAR) ? ZEND_SEND_VAL : ZEND_SEND_VAR;
        }
      } else {
        do {
          if (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_VAR) {
            CG(zend_lineno) = zend_ast_get_lineno(ast);
            if (is_this_fetch(arg)) {
              zend_emit_op(&arg_node, ZEND_FETCH_THIS, NULL, NULL);
              opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAR_EX;
              CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_USES_THIS;
              break;
            } else if (zend_try_compile_cv(&arg_node, arg, BP_VAR_R) == SUCCESS) {
              opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAR_EX;
              break;
            }
          }
          opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_CHECK_FUNC_ARG, NULL, NULL);
          if (arg_name) {
            opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
            zend_string_addref(arg_name);
            opline->op2.constant = zend_add_literal_string(&arg_name);
            opline->result.num = zend_alloc_cache_slots(2);
          } else {
            opline->op2.num = arg_num;
          }
          zend_compile_var(&arg_node, arg, BP_VAR_FUNC_ARG, true);
          opcode = ZEND_SEND_FUNC_ARG;
        } while (0);
      }
    } else {
      zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, arg);
      if (arg_node.op_type == IS_VAR) {
        /* pass ++$a or something similar */
        if (fbc && arg_num != (uint32_t) -1) {
          if (ARG_MUST_BE_SENT_BY_REF(fbc, arg_num)) {
            opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF;
          } else if (ARG_MAY_BE_SENT_BY_REF(fbc, arg_num)) {
            opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAL;
          } else {
            opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAR;
          }
        } else {
          opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAR_NO_REF_EX;
        }
      } else if (arg_node.op_type == IS_CV) {
        if (fbc && arg_num != (uint32_t) -1) {
          if (ARG_SHOULD_BE_SENT_BY_REF(fbc, arg_num)) {
            opcode = ZEND_SEND_REF;
          } else {
            opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAR;
          }
        } else {
          opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAR_EX;
        }
      } else {
        /* Delay "Only variables can be passed by reference" error to execution */
        if (fbc && arg_num != (uint32_t) -1 && !ARG_MUST_BE_SENT_BY_REF(fbc, arg_num)) {
          opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAL;
        } else {
          opcode = ZEND_SEND_VAL_EX;
        }
      }
    }

    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, opcode, &arg_node, NULL);
    if (arg_name) {
      opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
      zend_string_addref(arg_name);
      opline->op2.constant = zend_add_literal_string(&arg_name);
      opline->result.num = zend_alloc_cache_slots(2);
    } else {
      opline->op2.opline_num = arg_num;
      opline->result.var = EX_NUM_TO_VAR(arg_num - 1);
    }
  }

  if (!is_call_partial) {
    if (may_have_undef) {
      zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_CHECK_UNDEF_ARGS, NULL, NULL);
    }
  } else {
    *uses_variadic_placeholder_p = uses_variadic_placeholder;
  }

  return arg_count;
}
/* }}} */

static uint32_t zend_compile_args(zend_ast *ast, const zend_function *fbc, bool *may_have_extra_named_args)
{
  return zend_compile_args_ex(ast, fbc, may_have_extra_named_args, false, NULL, NULL);
}

ZEND_API uint8_t zend_get_call_op(const zend_op *init_op, const zend_function *fbc, bool result_used) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t no_discard = result_used ? 0 : ZEND_ACC_NODISCARD;

  if (fbc && init_op->opcode != ZEND_NEW) {
    ZEND_ASSERT(!(fbc->common.fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_CALL_VIA_TRAMPOLINE));
    if (fbc->type == ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION && !(CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_IGNORE_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS)) {
      if (init_op->opcode == ZEND_INIT_FCALL && !zend_execute_internal) {
        if (!(fbc->common.fn_flags & (ZEND_ACC_DEPRECATED|no_discard))) {
          return ZEND_DO_ICALL;
        } else {
          return ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME;
        }
      }
    } else if (!(CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_IGNORE_USER_FUNCTIONS)){
      if (zend_execute_ex == execute_ex) {
        if (!(fbc->common.fn_flags & (ZEND_ACC_DEPRECATED|no_discard))) {
          return ZEND_DO_UCALL;
        } else {
          return ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME;
        }
      }
    }
  } else if (zend_execute_ex == execute_ex &&
             !zend_execute_internal &&
             (init_op->opcode == ZEND_INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME ||
              init_op->opcode == ZEND_INIT_NS_FCALL_BY_NAME)) {
    return ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME;
  }
  return ZEND_DO_FCALL;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_string *zend_compile_partial_name(const zend_op_array *declaring_op_array,
    const uint32_t declaring_lineno)
{
  /* We attempt to generate a name that hints at where the PFA was created,
   * similarly to Closures (GH-13550).
   * We do not attempt to make the name unique. */

  zend_string *filename = declaring_op_array->filename;
  uint32_t start_lineno = declaring_lineno;

  zend_string *class = zend_empty_string;
  zend_string *separator = zend_empty_string;
  zend_string *function = filename;
  const char *parens = "";

  if (declaring_op_array->function_name) {
    function = declaring_op_array->function_name;
    if (declaring_op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_CLOSURE) {
      /* If the parent function is a closure, don't redundantly
       * add the classname and parentheses. */
    } else {
      parens = "()";

      if (declaring_op_array->scope && declaring_op_array->scope->name) {
        class = declaring_op_array->scope->name;
        separator = ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM);
      }
    }
  }

  zend_string *name = zend_strpprintf_unchecked(
    0,
    "{closure:pfa:%S%S%S%s:%" PRIu32 "}",
    class,
    separator,
    function,
    parens,
    start_lineno
  );

  return name;
}

static void zend_compile_call_partial(znode *result, zend_ast_fcc *fcc_ast, uint32_t arg_count,
    bool may_have_extra_named_args, bool uses_variadic_placeholder,
    zval *named_positions, uint32_t opnum_init, const zend_function *fbc) {

  zend_op *init_opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_init];

  init_opline->extended_value = arg_count;

  ZEND_ASSERT(init_opline->opcode != ZEND_NEW);

  if (init_opline->opcode == ZEND_INIT_FCALL) {
    init_opline->op1.num = zend_vm_calc_used_stack(arg_count, fbc);
  }

  zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_CALLABLE_CONVERT_PARTIAL,
        NULL, NULL);

  opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slots(2);

  if (uses_variadic_placeholder) {
    opline->extended_value |= ZEND_PARTIAL_USES_VARIADIC_PLACEHOLDER;
  }

  zend_string *name = zend_compile_partial_name(CG(active_op_array), opline->lineno);
  opline->op1.constant = zend_add_literal_string(&name);
  opline->op1_type = IS_CONST;

  if (!Z_ISUNDEF_P(named_positions)) {
    opline->op2.constant = zend_add_literal(named_positions);
    opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
  } else {
    opline->op2.num = 0;
  }
}

static bool zend_compile_call_common(znode *result, zend_ast *args_ast, const zend_function *fbc, uint32_t lineno, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline;
  uint32_t opnum_init = get_next_op_number() - 1;

  if (args_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT) {
    opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_init];
    opline->extended_value = 0;
    /* opcode array may be reallocated, so don't access opcode field after zend_emit_op_tmp(). */
    uint8_t opcode = opline->opcode;

    if (opcode == ZEND_NEW) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot create Closure for new expression");
    }

    zend_ast_list *fcc_args = zend_ast_get_list(((zend_ast_fcc*)args_ast)->args);

    /* FCCs are a special case of PFAs with a single variadic placeholder */
    if (fcc_args->children == 1 && fcc_args->child[0]->attr == ZEND_PLACEHOLDER_VARIADIC) {

      if (opline->opcode == ZEND_INIT_FCALL) {
        opline->op1.num = zend_vm_calc_used_stack(0, fbc);
      }

      zend_op *callable_convert_op = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_CALLABLE_CONVERT, NULL, NULL);
      if (opcode == ZEND_INIT_FCALL
       || opcode == ZEND_INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME
       || opcode == ZEND_INIT_NS_FCALL_BY_NAME) {
        callable_convert_op->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slot();
      } else {
        callable_convert_op->extended_value = (uint32_t)-1;
      }

      return true;
    }

    zend_ast_fcc *fcc_ast = (zend_ast_fcc*)args_ast;
    args_ast = fcc_ast->args;

    bool may_have_extra_named_args;
    bool uses_variadic_placeholder;

    zval named_positions;
    ZVAL_UNDEF(&named_positions);

    uint32_t arg_count = zend_compile_args_ex(args_ast, fbc,
        &may_have_extra_named_args, true, &uses_variadic_placeholder,
        &named_positions);

    zend_compile_call_partial(result, fcc_ast, arg_count,
        may_have_extra_named_args, uses_variadic_placeholder,
        &named_positions, opnum_init, fbc);

    return true;
  }

  bool may_have_extra_named_args;
  uint32_t arg_count = zend_compile_args(args_ast, fbc, &may_have_extra_named_args);

  zend_do_extended_fcall_begin();

  opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_init];
  opline->extended_value = arg_count;
  uint8_t init_opcode = opline->opcode;

  if (init_opcode == ZEND_INIT_FCALL) {
    opline->op1.num = zend_vm_calc_used_stack(arg_count, fbc);
  }

  uint8_t call_op = zend_get_call_op(
    opline,
    fbc,
    /* result_used: At this point we do not yet reliably
     * know if the result is used. Deoptimize #[\NoDiscard]
     * calls to be sure. The optimizer will fix this up.
     */
    false
  );
  opline = zend_emit_op(result, call_op, NULL, NULL);
  if (type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS) {
    if (init_opcode != ZEND_NEW && opline->result_type == IS_VAR) {
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    }
  }
  if (may_have_extra_named_args) {
    opline->extended_value = ZEND_FCALL_MAY_HAVE_EXTRA_NAMED_PARAMS;
  }
  opline->lineno = lineno;
  zend_do_extended_fcall_end();
  return false;
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_compile_function_name(znode *name_node, zend_ast *name_ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_string *orig_name = zend_ast_get_str(name_ast);
  bool is_fully_qualified;

  name_node->op_type = IS_CONST;
  ZVAL_STR(&name_node->u.constant, zend_resolve_function_name(
    orig_name, name_ast->attr, &is_fully_qualified));

  return !is_fully_qualified && FC(current_namespace);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_dynamic_call(znode *result, znode *name_node, zend_ast *args_ast, uint32_t lineno, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  if (name_node->op_type == IS_CONST && Z_TYPE(name_node->u.constant) == IS_STRING) {
    const char *colon;
    zend_string *str = Z_STR(name_node->u.constant);
    if ((colon = zend_memrchr(ZSTR_VAL(str), ':', ZSTR_LEN(str))) != NULL && colon > ZSTR_VAL(str) && *(colon - 1) == ':') {
      zend_string *class = zend_string_init(ZSTR_VAL(str), colon - ZSTR_VAL(str) - 1, 0);
      zend_string *method = zend_string_init(colon + 1, ZSTR_LEN(str) - (colon - ZSTR_VAL(str)) - 1, 0);
      zend_op *opline = get_next_op();

      opline->opcode = ZEND_INIT_STATIC_METHOD_CALL;
      opline->op1_type = IS_CONST;
      opline->op1.constant = zend_add_class_name_literal(class);
      opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
      opline->op2.constant = zend_add_func_name_literal(method);
      /* 2 slots, for class and method */
      opline->result.num = zend_alloc_cache_slots(2);
      zval_ptr_dtor(&name_node->u.constant);
    } else {
      zend_op *opline = get_next_op();

      opline->opcode = ZEND_INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME;
      opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
      opline->op2.constant = zend_add_func_name_literal(str);
      opline->result.num = zend_alloc_cache_slot();
    }
  } else {
    zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_INIT_DYNAMIC_CALL, NULL, name_node);
  }

  zend_compile_call_common(result, args_ast, NULL, lineno, type);
}
/* }}} */

static inline bool zend_args_contain_unpack_or_named(const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t i;
  for (i = 0; i < args->children; ++i) {
    const zend_ast *arg = args->child[i];
    if (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_UNPACK || arg->kind == ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG) {
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_strlen(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  znode arg_node;

  if (args->children != 1) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, args->child[0]);
  if (arg_node.op_type == IS_CONST && Z_TYPE(arg_node.u.constant) == IS_STRING) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_LONG(&result->u.constant, Z_STRLEN(arg_node.u.constant));
    zval_ptr_dtor_str(&arg_node.u.constant);
  } else {
    zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_STRLEN, &arg_node, NULL);
  }
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_typecheck(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  znode arg_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  if (args->children != 1) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, args->child[0]);
  opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_TYPE_CHECK, &arg_node, NULL);
  if (type != _IS_BOOL) {
    opline->extended_value = (1 << type);
  } else {
    opline->extended_value = (1 << IS_FALSE) | (1 << IS_TRUE);
  }
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_is_scalar(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  znode arg_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  if (args->children != 1) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, args->child[0]);
  opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_TYPE_CHECK, &arg_node, NULL);
  opline->extended_value = (1 << IS_FALSE | 1 << IS_TRUE | 1 << IS_DOUBLE | 1 << IS_LONG | 1 << IS_STRING);
  return SUCCESS;
}

static zend_result zend_compile_func_cast(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  znode arg_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  if (args->children != 1) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, args->child[0]);
  if (type == _IS_BOOL) {
    opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_BOOL, &arg_node, NULL);
  } else {
    opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_CAST, &arg_node, NULL);
    opline->extended_value = type;
  }
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_defined(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_string *name;
  zend_op *opline;

  if (args->children != 1 || args->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  name = zval_get_string(zend_ast_get_zval(args->child[0]));
  if (zend_memrchr(ZSTR_VAL(name), '\\', ZSTR_LEN(name)) || zend_memrchr(ZSTR_VAL(name), ':', ZSTR_LEN(name))) {
    zend_string_release_ex(name, 0);
    return FAILURE;
  }

  if (zend_try_ct_eval_const(&result->u.constant, name, false)) {
    zend_string_release_ex(name, 0);
    zval_ptr_dtor(&result->u.constant);
    ZVAL_TRUE(&result->u.constant);
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    return SUCCESS;
  }

  opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_DEFINED, NULL, NULL);
  opline->op1_type = IS_CONST;
  LITERAL_STR(opline->op1, name);
  opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slot();

  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_chr(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  zval *zint;
  if (
    args->children == 1
    && args->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL
    && (zint = zend_ast_get_zval(args->child[0]))
    && Z_TYPE_P(zint) == IS_LONG
    && Z_LVAL_P(zint) >= 0
    && Z_LVAL_P(zint) <= 255
  ) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_CHAR(&result->u.constant, Z_LVAL_P(zint));
    return SUCCESS;
  } else {
    return FAILURE;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_ord(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  zval *str;
  if (
    args->children == 1
    && args->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL
    && (str = zend_ast_get_zval(args->child[0]))
    && Z_TYPE_P(str) == IS_STRING
    && Z_STRLEN_P(str) == 1
  ) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_LONG(&result->u.constant, (unsigned char)Z_STRVAL_P(str)[0]);
    return SUCCESS;
  } else {
    return FAILURE;
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* We can only calculate the stack size for functions that have been fully compiled, otherwise
 * additional CV or TMP slots may still be added. This prevents the use of INIT_FCALL for
 * directly or indirectly recursive function calls. */
static bool fbc_is_finalized(const zend_function *fbc) {
  return !ZEND_USER_CODE(fbc->type) || (fbc->common.fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_DONE_PASS_TWO);
}

static bool zend_compile_ignore_class(const zend_class_entry *ce, const zend_string *filename)
{
  if (ce->type == ZEND_INTERNAL_CLASS) {
    return CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_IGNORE_INTERNAL_CLASSES;
  } else {
    return (CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_IGNORE_OTHER_FILES)
      && ce->info.user.filename != filename;
  }
}

static bool zend_compile_ignore_function(const zend_function *fbc, const zend_string *filename)
{
  if (fbc->type == ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION) {
    return CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_IGNORE_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS;
  } else {
    return (CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_IGNORE_USER_FUNCTIONS)
      || ((CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_IGNORE_OTHER_FILES)
        && fbc->op_array.filename != filename);
  }
}

static zend_result zend_try_compile_ct_bound_init_user_func(zend_ast *name_ast, uint32_t num_args) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_string *name, *lcname;
  zend_function *fbc;
  zend_op *opline;

  if (name_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL || Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(name_ast)) != IS_STRING) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  name = zend_ast_get_str(name_ast);
  lcname = zend_string_tolower(name);

  fbc = zend_hash_find_ptr(CG(function_table), lcname);
  if (!fbc
   || !fbc_is_finalized(fbc)
   || zend_compile_ignore_function(fbc, CG(active_op_array)->filename)) {
    zend_string_release_ex(lcname, 0);
    return FAILURE;
  }

  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_INIT_FCALL, NULL, NULL);
  opline->extended_value = num_args;
  opline->op1.num = zend_vm_calc_used_stack(num_args, fbc);
  opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
  LITERAL_STR(opline->op2, lcname);
  opline->result.num = zend_alloc_cache_slot();

  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_init_user_func(zend_ast *name_ast, uint32_t num_args, zend_string *orig_func_name) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline;
  znode name_node;

  if (zend_try_compile_ct_bound_init_user_func(name_ast, num_args) == SUCCESS) {
    return;
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&name_node, name_ast);

  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_INIT_USER_CALL, NULL, &name_node);
  opline->op1_type = IS_CONST;
  LITERAL_STR(opline->op1, zend_string_copy(orig_func_name));
  opline->extended_value = num_args;
}
/* }}} */

/* cufa = call_user_func_array */
static zend_result zend_compile_func_cufa(znode *result, zend_ast_list *args, zend_string *lcname, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  znode arg_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  if (args->children != 2) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_compile_init_user_func(args->child[0], 0, lcname);
  if (args->child[1]->kind == ZEND_AST_CALL
   && args->child[1]->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL
   && Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(args->child[1]->child[0])) == IS_STRING
   && args->child[1]->child[1]->kind == ZEND_AST_ARG_LIST) {
    zend_string *orig_name = zend_ast_get_str(args->child[1]->child[0]);
    zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(args->child[1]->child[1]);
    bool is_fully_qualified;
    zend_string *name = zend_resolve_function_name(orig_name, args->child[1]->child[0]->attr, &is_fully_qualified);

    if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "array_slice")
       && !zend_args_contain_unpack_or_named(list)
     && list->children == 3
     && list->child[1]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
      zval *zv = zend_ast_get_zval(list->child[1]);

      if (Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_LONG
       && Z_LVAL_P(zv) >= 0
       && Z_LVAL_P(zv) <= 0x7fffffff) {
        zend_op *opline;
        znode len_node;

        zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, list->child[0]);
        zend_compile_expr(&len_node, list->child[2]);
        opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_SEND_ARRAY, &arg_node, &len_node);
        opline->extended_value = Z_LVAL_P(zv);
        opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_DO_FCALL, NULL, NULL);
        if (type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS) {
          opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
          result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
        }
        zend_string_release_ex(name, 0);
        return SUCCESS;
      }
    }
    zend_string_release_ex(name, 0);
  }
  zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, args->child[1]);
  zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_SEND_ARRAY, &arg_node, NULL);
  zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_CHECK_UNDEF_ARGS, NULL, NULL);
  opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_DO_FCALL, NULL, NULL);
  if (type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS) {
    opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  }
  opline->extended_value = ZEND_FCALL_MAY_HAVE_EXTRA_NAMED_PARAMS;

  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

/* cuf = call_user_func */
static zend_result zend_compile_func_cuf(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args, zend_string *lcname, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t i;

  if (args->children < 1) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_compile_init_user_func(args->child[0], args->children - 1, lcname);
  for (i = 1; i < args->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *arg_ast = args->child[i];
    znode arg_node;
    zend_op *opline;

    zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, arg_ast);

    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_SEND_USER, &arg_node, NULL);
    opline->op2.num = i;
    opline->result.var = EX_NUM_TO_VAR(i - 1);
  }
  zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_DO_FCALL, NULL, NULL);
  if (type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS) {
    opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  }

  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_assert(znode *result, zend_ast_list *args, zend_string *name, const zend_function *fbc, uint32_t lineno, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  if (EG(assertions) >= 0) {
    znode name_node;
    zend_op *opline;
    uint32_t check_op_number = get_next_op_number();

    zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_ASSERT_CHECK, NULL, NULL);

    if (fbc && fbc_is_finalized(fbc)) {
      name_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
      ZVAL_STR_COPY(&name_node.u.constant, name);

      opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_INIT_FCALL, NULL, &name_node);
    } else {
      opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_INIT_NS_FCALL_BY_NAME, NULL, NULL);
      opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
      opline->op2.constant = zend_add_ns_func_name_literal(name);
    }
    opline->result.num = zend_alloc_cache_slot();

    if (args->children == 1) {
      /* add "assert(condition) as assertion message */
      zend_ast *arg = zend_ast_create_zval_from_str(
        zend_ast_export("assert(", args->child[0], ")"));
      if (args->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG) {
        /* If the original argument was named, add the new argument as named as well,
         * as mixing named and positional is not allowed. */
        zend_ast *name = zend_ast_create_zval_from_str(
          ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("description", 0));
        arg = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG, name, arg);
      }
      args = (zend_ast_list *)zend_ast_list_add((zend_ast *) args, arg);
    }

    zend_compile_call_common(result, (zend_ast*)args, fbc, lineno, type);

    opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[check_op_number];
    opline->op2.opline_num = get_next_op_number();
    SET_NODE(opline->result, result);
  } else {
    if (!fbc) {
      zend_string_release_ex(name, 0);
    }
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_TRUE(&result->u.constant);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_in_array(znode *result, zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  bool strict = false;
  znode array, needly;
  zend_op *opline;

  if (args->children == 3) {
    if (args->child[2]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
      strict = zend_is_true(zend_ast_get_zval(args->child[2]));
    } else if (args->child[2]->kind == ZEND_AST_CONST) {
      zval value;
      zend_ast *name_ast = args->child[2]->child[0];
      bool is_fully_qualified;
      zend_string *resolved_name = zend_resolve_const_name(
        zend_ast_get_str(name_ast), name_ast->attr, &is_fully_qualified);

      if (!zend_try_ct_eval_const(&value, resolved_name, is_fully_qualified)) {
        zend_string_release_ex(resolved_name, 0);
        return FAILURE;
      }

      zend_string_release_ex(resolved_name, 0);
      strict = zend_is_true(&value);
      zval_ptr_dtor(&value);
    } else {
      return FAILURE;
    }
  } else if (args->children != 2) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  if (args->child[1]->kind != ZEND_AST_ARRAY
   || !zend_try_ct_eval_array(&array.u.constant, args->child[1])) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  if (zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL(array.u.constant)) > 0) {
    bool ok = true;
    zval *val, tmp;
    HashTable *src = Z_ARRVAL(array.u.constant);
    HashTable *dst = zend_new_array(zend_hash_num_elements(src));

    ZVAL_TRUE(&tmp);

    if (strict) {
      ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(src, val) {
        if (Z_TYPE_P(val) == IS_STRING) {
          zend_hash_add(dst, Z_STR_P(val), &tmp);
        } else if (Z_TYPE_P(val) == IS_LONG) {
          zend_hash_index_add(dst, Z_LVAL_P(val), &tmp);
        } else {
          zend_array_destroy(dst);
          ok = false;
          break;
        }
      } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
    } else {
      ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(src, val) {
        if (Z_TYPE_P(val) != IS_STRING
         || is_numeric_string(Z_STRVAL_P(val), Z_STRLEN_P(val), NULL, NULL, 0)) {
          zend_array_destroy(dst);
          ok = false;
          break;
        }
        zend_hash_add(dst, Z_STR_P(val), &tmp);
      } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
    }

    zend_array_destroy(src);
    if (!ok) {
      return FAILURE;
    }
    Z_ARRVAL(array.u.constant) = dst;
  }
  array.op_type = IS_CONST;

  zend_compile_expr(&needly, args->child[0]);

  opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_IN_ARRAY, &needly, &array);
  opline->extended_value = strict;

  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_count(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args, const zend_string *lcname) /* {{{ */
{
  znode arg_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  if (args->children != 1) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, args->child[0]);
  opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_COUNT, &arg_node, NULL);
  opline->extended_value = zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "sizeof");

  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_get_class(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  if (args->children == 0) {
    zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_GET_CLASS, NULL, NULL);
  } else {
    znode arg_node;

    if (args->children != 1) {
      return FAILURE;
    }

    zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, args->child[0]);
    zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_GET_CLASS, &arg_node, NULL);
  }
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_get_called_class(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  if (args->children != 0) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_GET_CALLED_CLASS, NULL, NULL);
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_gettype(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  znode arg_node;

  if (args->children != 1) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, args->child[0]);
  zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_GET_TYPE, &arg_node, NULL);
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_num_args(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  if (CG(active_op_array)->function_name && args->children == 0) {
    zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_FUNC_NUM_ARGS, NULL, NULL);
    return SUCCESS;
  } else {
    return FAILURE;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_get_args(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  if (CG(active_op_array)->function_name && args->children == 0) {
    zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_FUNC_GET_ARGS, NULL, NULL);
    return SUCCESS;
  } else {
    return FAILURE;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_array_key_exists(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  znode subject, needle;

  if (args->children != 2) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&needle, args->child[0]);
  zend_compile_expr(&subject, args->child[1]);

  zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_ARRAY_KEY_EXISTS, &needle, &subject);
  return SUCCESS;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_result zend_compile_func_array_slice(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  if (CG(active_op_array)->function_name
   && args->children == 2
   && args->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_CALL
   && args->child[0]->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL
   && Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(args->child[0]->child[0])) == IS_STRING
   && args->child[0]->child[1]->kind == ZEND_AST_ARG_LIST
   && args->child[1]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {

    zend_string *orig_name = zend_ast_get_str(args->child[0]->child[0]);
    bool is_fully_qualified;
    zend_string *name = zend_resolve_function_name(orig_name, args->child[0]->child[0]->attr, &is_fully_qualified);
    const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(args->child[0]->child[1]);
    const zval *zv = zend_ast_get_zval(args->child[1]);
    znode first;

    if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "func_get_args")
     && list->children == 0
     && Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_LONG
     && Z_LVAL_P(zv) >= 0) {
      first.op_type = IS_CONST;
      ZVAL_LONG(&first.u.constant, Z_LVAL_P(zv));
      zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_FUNC_GET_ARGS, &first, NULL);
      zend_string_release_ex(name, 0);
      return SUCCESS;
    }
    zend_string_release_ex(name, 0);
  }
  return FAILURE;
}
/* }}} */

static uint32_t find_frameless_function_offset(uint32_t arity, const void *handler)
{
  void **handlers = zend_flf_handlers;
  void **current = handlers;
  while (*current) {
    if (*current == handler) {
      return current - handlers;
    }
    current++;
  }

  /* Unreachable in practice: zend_register_functions() records the handler
   * of every frameless_function_infos entry at registration time. */
  return (uint32_t)-1;
}

static const zend_frameless_function_info *find_frameless_function_info(const zend_ast_list *args, const zend_function *fbc, uint32_t type)
{
  if (zend_execute_internal) {
    return NULL;
  }

  if (ZEND_USER_CODE(fbc->type)) {
    return NULL;
  }

  const zend_frameless_function_info *frameless_function_info = fbc->internal_function.frameless_function_infos;
  if (!frameless_function_info) {
    return NULL;
  }

  if (args->children > 3) {
    return NULL;
  }

  while (frameless_function_info->handler) {
    if (frameless_function_info->num_args >= args->children
     && fbc->common.required_num_args <= args->children
     && (!(fbc->common.fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_VARIADIC)
      || frameless_function_info->num_args == args->children)) {
      uint32_t num_args = frameless_function_info->num_args;
      uint32_t offset = find_frameless_function_offset(num_args, frameless_function_info->handler);
      if (offset != (uint32_t)-1) {
        return frameless_function_info;
      }
    }
    frameless_function_info++;
  }

  return NULL;
}

static uint32_t zend_compile_frameless_icall_ex(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args, const zend_function *fbc, const zend_frameless_function_info *frameless_function_info, uint32_t type)
{
  uint32_t lineno = CG(zend_lineno);
  uint32_t num_args = frameless_function_info->num_args;
  uint32_t offset = find_frameless_function_offset(num_args, frameless_function_info->handler);
  znode arg_zvs[3];
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_args; i++) {
    if (i < args->children) {
      zend_compile_expr(&arg_zvs[i], args->child[i]);
    } else {
      const zend_arg_info *arg_info = &fbc->common.arg_info[i];
      arg_zvs[i].op_type = IS_CONST;
      if (zend_get_default_from_internal_arg_info(&arg_zvs[i].u.constant, arg_info) == FAILURE) {
        ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      }
    }
  }
  uint8_t opcode = ZEND_FRAMELESS_ICALL_0 + num_args;
  uint32_t opnum = get_next_op_number();
  zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, opcode, NULL, NULL);
  opline->extended_value = offset;
  opline->lineno = lineno;
  if (num_args >= 1) {
    SET_NODE(opline->op1, &arg_zvs[0]);
  }
  if (num_args >= 2) {
    SET_NODE(opline->op2, &arg_zvs[1]);
  }
  if (num_args >= 3) {
    zend_emit_op_data(&arg_zvs[2]);
  }
  return opnum;
}

static uint32_t zend_compile_frameless_icall(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args, const zend_function *fbc, uint32_t type)
{
  const zend_frameless_function_info *frameless_function_info = find_frameless_function_info(args, fbc, type);
  if (!frameless_function_info) {
    return (uint32_t)-1;
  }

  return zend_compile_frameless_icall_ex(result, args, fbc, frameless_function_info, type);
}

static void zend_compile_ns_call(znode *result, const znode *name_node, zend_ast *args_ast, uint32_t lineno, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  int name_constants = zend_add_ns_func_name_literal(Z_STR(name_node->u.constant));

  /* Find frameless function with same name. */
  const zend_function *frameless_function = NULL;
  if (args_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT
   && !zend_args_contain_unpack_or_named(zend_ast_get_list(args_ast))
   /* Avoid blowing up op count with nested frameless branches. */
   && !CG(context).in_jmp_frameless_branch) {
    zend_string *lc_func_name = Z_STR_P(CT_CONSTANT_EX(CG(active_op_array), name_constants + 2));
    frameless_function = zend_hash_find_ptr(CG(function_table), lc_func_name);
  }

  /* Check whether any frameless handler may actually be used. */
  uint32_t jmp_fl_opnum = 0;
  const zend_frameless_function_info *frameless_function_info = NULL;
  if (frameless_function) {
    frameless_function_info = find_frameless_function_info(zend_ast_get_list(args_ast), frameless_function, type);
    if (frameless_function_info) {
      CG(context).in_jmp_frameless_branch = true;
      znode op1;
      op1.op_type = IS_CONST;
      ZVAL_COPY(&op1.u.constant, CT_CONSTANT_EX(CG(active_op_array), name_constants + 1));
      jmp_fl_opnum = get_next_op_number();
      zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_JMP_FRAMELESS, &op1, NULL);
    }
  }

  /* Compile ns call. */
  zend_op *opline = get_next_op();
  opline->opcode = ZEND_INIT_NS_FCALL_BY_NAME;
  opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
  opline->op2.constant = name_constants;
  opline->result.num = zend_alloc_cache_slot();
  zend_compile_call_common(result, args_ast, NULL, lineno, type);

  /* Compile frameless call. */
  if (frameless_function_info) {
    CG(zend_lineno) = lineno;

    uint32_t jmp_end_opnum = zend_emit_jump(0);
    uint32_t jmp_fl_target = get_next_op_number();

    uint32_t flf_icall_opnum = zend_compile_frameless_icall_ex(NULL, zend_ast_get_list(args_ast), frameless_function, frameless_function_info, type);

    zend_op *jmp_fl = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[jmp_fl_opnum];
    jmp_fl->op2.opline_num = jmp_fl_target;
    jmp_fl->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slot();
    zend_op *flf_icall = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[flf_icall_opnum];
    SET_NODE(flf_icall->result, result);
    zend_update_jump_target_to_next(jmp_end_opnum);

    CG(context).in_jmp_frameless_branch = false;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op *zend_compile_rope_add(znode *result, uint32_t num, znode *elem_node);
static zend_op *zend_compile_rope_add_ex(zend_op *opline, znode *result, uint32_t num, znode *elem_node);
static void zend_compile_rope_finalize(znode *result, uint32_t j, zend_op *init_opline, zend_op *opline);

static zend_result zend_compile_func_sprintf(znode *result, zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  /* Bail out if we do not have a format string. */
  if (args->children < 1) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_eval_const_expr(&args->child[0]);
  /* Bail out if the format string is not constant. */
  if (args->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zval *format_string = zend_ast_get_zval(args->child[0]);
  if (Z_TYPE_P(format_string) != IS_STRING) {
    return FAILURE;
  }
  if (Z_STRLEN_P(format_string) >= 256) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  char *p;
  char *end;
  uint32_t placeholder_count;

  placeholder_count = 0;
  p = Z_STRVAL_P(format_string);
  end = p + Z_STRLEN_P(format_string);

  for (;;) {
    p = memchr(p, '%', end - p);
    if (!p) {
      break;
    }

    char *q = p + 1;
    if (q == end) {
      return FAILURE;
    }

    switch (*q) {
      case 's':
      case 'd':
        placeholder_count++;
        break;
      case '%':
        break;
      default:
        return FAILURE;
    }

    p = q;
    p++;
  }

  /* Bail out if the number of placeholders does not match the number of values. */
  if (placeholder_count != (args->children - 1)) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  /* Handle empty format strings. */
  if (Z_STRLEN_P(format_string) == 0) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(&result->u.constant);

    return SUCCESS;
  }

  znode *elements = NULL;

  if (placeholder_count > 0) {
    elements = safe_emalloc(sizeof(*elements), placeholder_count, 0);
  }

  /* Compile the value expressions first for error handling that is consistent
   * with a function call: Values that fail to convert to a string may emit errors.
   */
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < placeholder_count; i++) {
    zend_compile_expr(elements + i, args->child[1 + i]);
  }

  uint32_t rope_elements = 0;
  uint32_t rope_init_lineno = -1;
  zend_op *opline = NULL;

  placeholder_count = 0;
  p = Z_STRVAL_P(format_string);
  end = p + Z_STRLEN_P(format_string);
  char *offset = p;
  for (;;) {
    p = memchr(p, '%', end - p);
    if (!p) {
      break;
    }

    char *q = p + 1;
    ZEND_ASSERT(q < end);
    ZEND_ASSERT(*q == 's' || *q == 'd' || *q == '%');

    if (*q == '%') {
      /* Optimization to not create a dedicated rope element for the literal '%':
       * Include the first '%' within the "constant" part instead of dropping the
       * full placeholder.
       */
      p++;
    }

    if (p != offset) {
      znode const_node;
      const_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
      ZVAL_STRINGL(&const_node.u.constant, offset, p - offset);
      if (rope_elements == 0) {
        rope_init_lineno = get_next_op_number();
      }
      opline = zend_compile_rope_add(result, rope_elements++, &const_node);
    }

    if (*q != '%') {
      switch (*q) {
        case 's':
          /* Perform the cast of constants when actually evaluating the corresponding placeholder
           * for correct error reporting.
           */
          if (elements[placeholder_count].op_type == IS_CONST) {
            if (Z_TYPE(elements[placeholder_count].u.constant) == IS_ARRAY) {
              zend_emit_op_tmp(&elements[placeholder_count], ZEND_CAST, &elements[placeholder_count], NULL)->extended_value = IS_STRING;
            } else {
              convert_to_string(&elements[placeholder_count].u.constant);
            }
          }
          break;
        case 'd':
          zend_emit_op_tmp(&elements[placeholder_count], ZEND_CAST, &elements[placeholder_count], NULL)->extended_value = IS_LONG;
          break;
        default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      }

      if (rope_elements == 0) {
        rope_init_lineno = get_next_op_number();
      }
      opline = zend_compile_rope_add(result, rope_elements++, &elements[placeholder_count]);

      placeholder_count++;
    }

    p = q;
    p++;
    offset = p;
  }
  if (end != offset) {
    /* Add the constant part after the last placeholder. */
    znode const_node;
    const_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_STRINGL(&const_node.u.constant, offset, end - offset);
    if (rope_elements == 0) {
      rope_init_lineno = get_next_op_number();
    }
    opline = zend_compile_rope_add(result, rope_elements++, &const_node);
  }
  ZEND_ASSERT(opline != NULL);

  zend_op *init_opline = CG(active_op_array)->opcodes + rope_init_lineno;
  zend_compile_rope_finalize(result, rope_elements, init_opline, opline);
  efree(elements);

  return SUCCESS;
}

static zend_result zend_compile_func_printf(znode *result, zend_ast_list *args) /* {{{ */
{
  /* Special case: printf with a single constant string argument and no format specifiers.
   * In this case, just emit ECHO and return the string length if needed. */
  if (args->children == 1) {
    zend_eval_const_expr(&args->child[0]);
    if (args->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
      return FAILURE;
    }
    zval *format_string = zend_ast_get_zval(args->child[0]);
    if (Z_TYPE_P(format_string) != IS_STRING) {
      return FAILURE;
    }
    /* Check if there are any format specifiers */
    if (!memchr(Z_STRVAL_P(format_string), '%', Z_STRLEN_P(format_string))) {
      /* No format specifiers - just emit ECHO and return string length */
      znode format_node;
      zend_compile_expr(&format_node, args->child[0]);
      zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_ECHO, &format_node, NULL);

      /* Return the string length as a constant if the result is used */
      result->op_type = IS_CONST;
      ZVAL_LONG(&result->u.constant, Z_STRLEN_P(format_string));
      return SUCCESS;
    }
  }

  /* Fall back to sprintf optimization for format strings with specifiers */
  znode rope_result;
  if (zend_compile_func_sprintf(&rope_result, args) != SUCCESS) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  /* printf() returns the amount of bytes written, so just an ECHO of the
   * resulting sprintf() optimisation might not be enough. At this early
   * stage we can't detect if the result is actually used, so we just emit
   * the opcodes and let them be cleaned up by the dead code elimination
   * pass in the Zend Optimizer if the result of the printf() is in fact
   * unused */
  znode copy;
  if (rope_result.op_type != IS_CONST) {
    /* Note: ZEND_COPY_TMP is only valid for TMPVAR. */
    ZEND_ASSERT(rope_result.op_type == IS_TMP_VAR);
    zend_emit_op_tmp(&copy, ZEND_COPY_TMP, &rope_result, NULL);
    zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_ECHO, &rope_result, NULL);
    zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_STRLEN, &copy, NULL);
  } else {
    zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_ECHO, &rope_result, NULL);
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_LONG(&result->u.constant, Z_STRLEN(rope_result.u.constant));
  }

  return SUCCESS;
}

static zend_result zend_compile_func_clone(znode *result, const zend_ast_list *args)
{
  znode arg_node;

  if (args->children != 1) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&arg_node, args->child[0]);
  zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_CLONE, &arg_node, NULL);

  return SUCCESS;
}

static zend_result zend_compile_func_array_map(znode *result, zend_ast_list *args, zend_string *lcname, uint32_t lineno) /* {{{ */
{
  /* array_map() as an internal function calls the callback as if strict_types=0,
   * this optimization is therefore not legal if strict_types=1. */
  if (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_STRICT_TYPES) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  /* Bail out if we do not have exactly two parameters. */
  if (args->children != 2) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  /* Bail out if callback is not a first class callable */
  zend_ast *callback = args->child[0];
  if (callback->kind != ZEND_AST_CALL && callback->kind != ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  zend_ast *args_ast = zend_ast_call_get_args(callback);
  if (args_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  /* PFAs with non-literal pre-bound arguments are not optimizable because we
   * can't memoize arguments without breaking pass-by-reference.
   * TODO: Support PFAs when the function is known to not receive by ref. */
  zend_ast_fcc *fcc = (zend_ast_fcc*)args_ast;
  zend_ast_list *fcc_args = zend_ast_get_list(fcc->args);
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < fcc_args->children; i++) {
    zend_ast *arg = fcc_args->child[i];
    if (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG) {
      arg = arg->child[1];
    }

    if (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_PLACEHOLDER_ARG) {
      continue;
    }

    if (arg->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
      return FAILURE;
    }
  }

  /* Evaluate class name */
  znode class_node;
  if (callback->kind == ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL
   && callback->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL
   && Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(callback->child[0])) == IS_STRING
   && zend_get_class_fetch_type(zend_ast_get_str(callback->child[0])) == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT) {
    /* Resolve the name against the namespace and imports, as compiling it
     * as an expression would yield the unresolved string. */
    class_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_STR(&class_node.u.constant, zend_resolve_class_name_ast(callback->child[0]));
  } else if (callback->kind == ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL) {
    znode result;
    zend_compile_expr(&result, callback->child[0]);
    if (result.op_type == IS_CONST || result.op_type == IS_TMP_VAR) {
      class_node = result;
    } else {
      class_node = result;
      zend_emit_op_tmp(&class_node, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &result, NULL);
    }
  } else {
    class_node.op_type = IS_UNUSED;
  }

  /* Evaluate function name */
  znode func_node;
  {
    znode result;
    zend_compile_expr(&result, callback->child[callback->kind == ZEND_AST_CALL ? 0 : 1]);
    if (result.op_type == IS_CONST || result.op_type == IS_TMP_VAR) {
      func_node = result;
    } else {
      zend_emit_op_tmp(&func_node, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &result, NULL);
    }
  }

  znode value;
  value.op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  value.u.op.var = get_temporary_variable();

  zend_ast *call_args = zend_partial_apply(callback,
      zend_ast_create_znode(&value));
  if (!call_args) {
    goto fail;
  }

  zend_op *opline;

  znode array;
  zend_compile_expr(&array, args->child[1]);
  /* array is an argument to both ZEND_TYPE_ASSERT and to ZEND_FE_RESET_R. */
  if (array.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    if (Z_TYPE(array.u.constant) != IS_ARRAY) {
      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&array.u.constant);
      goto fail;
    }
    Z_TRY_ADDREF(array.u.constant);
  }

  /* Verify that the input array actually is an array. */
  znode name;
  name.op_type = IS_CONST;
  ZVAL_STR_COPY(&name.u.constant, lcname);
  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_TYPE_ASSERT, &name, &array);
  opline->lineno = lineno;
  opline->extended_value = (2 << 16) | IS_ARRAY;
  const zval *fbc_zv = zend_hash_find(CG(function_table), lcname);
  const Bucket *fbc_bucket = ZEND_CONTAINER_OF(fbc_zv, Bucket, val);
  Z_EXTRA_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op1)) = fbc_bucket - CG(function_table)->arData;

  /* Initialize the result array. */
  zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_INIT_ARRAY, NULL, NULL);

  /* foreach loop starts here. */
  znode key;

  uint32_t opnum_reset = get_next_op_number();
  znode reset_node;
  zend_emit_op(&reset_node, ZEND_FE_RESET_R, &array, NULL);
  zend_begin_loop(ZEND_FE_FREE, &reset_node, false);
  uint32_t opnum_fetch = get_next_op_number();
  zend_emit_op_tmp(&key, ZEND_FE_FETCH_R, &reset_node, &value);

  /* loop body */
  znode call_result;
  zend_ast *func_ast;
  if (func_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    func_ast = zend_ast_create_znode(&func_node);
  } else {
    znode copy_node;
    zend_emit_op_tmp(&copy_node, ZEND_COPY_TMP, &func_node, NULL);
    func_ast = zend_ast_create_znode(&copy_node);
  }
  switch (callback->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_CALL: {
      zend_compile_expr(&call_result, zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CALL, func_ast, call_args));
      break;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL: {
      zend_ast *class_ast;
      if (class_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
        class_ast = zend_ast_create_znode(&class_node);
      } else {
        znode copy_node;
        zend_emit_op_tmp(&copy_node, ZEND_COPY_TMP, &class_node, NULL);
        class_ast = zend_ast_create_znode(&copy_node);
      }

      zend_compile_expr(&call_result, zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL, class_ast, func_ast, call_args));
      zend_ast_destroy(class_ast);
      break;
    }
  }
  zend_ast_destroy(func_ast);
  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_ELEMENT, &call_result, &key);
  SET_NODE(opline->result, result);
  /* end loop body */

  zend_emit_jump(opnum_fetch);

  uint32_t opnum_loop_end = get_next_op_number();
  opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_reset];
  opline->op2.opline_num = opnum_loop_end;
  opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_fetch];
  opline->extended_value = opnum_loop_end;

  zend_end_loop(opnum_fetch, &reset_node);
  zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FE_FREE, &reset_node, NULL);
  if (func_node.op_type != IS_CONST) {
    zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FREE, &func_node, NULL);
  }
  if (class_node.op_type != IS_UNUSED && class_node.op_type != IS_CONST) {
    zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FREE, &class_node, NULL);
  }

  return SUCCESS;

fail:
  CG(active_op_array)->T--;
  if (func_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&func_node.u.constant);
  }
  if (class_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&class_node.u.constant);
  }

  return FAILURE;
}

static zend_result zend_try_compile_special_func_ex(znode *result, zend_string *lcname, zend_ast_list *args, uint32_t type, uint32_t lineno) /* {{{ */
{
  if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "strlen")) {
    return zend_compile_func_strlen(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "is_null")) {
    return zend_compile_func_typecheck(result, args, IS_NULL);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "is_bool")) {
    return zend_compile_func_typecheck(result, args, _IS_BOOL);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "is_int")) {
    return zend_compile_func_typecheck(result, args, IS_LONG);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "is_float")) {
    return zend_compile_func_typecheck(result, args, IS_DOUBLE);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "is_string")) {
    return zend_compile_func_typecheck(result, args, IS_STRING);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "is_array")) {
    return zend_compile_func_typecheck(result, args, IS_ARRAY);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "is_object")) {
    return zend_compile_func_typecheck(result, args, IS_OBJECT);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "is_resource")) {
    return zend_compile_func_typecheck(result, args, IS_RESOURCE);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "is_scalar")) {
    return zend_compile_func_is_scalar(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "boolval")) {
    return zend_compile_func_cast(result, args, _IS_BOOL);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "intval")) {
    return zend_compile_func_cast(result, args, IS_LONG);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "floatval")) {
    return zend_compile_func_cast(result, args, IS_DOUBLE);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "strval")) {
    return zend_compile_func_cast(result, args, IS_STRING);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "defined")) {
    return zend_compile_func_defined(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "chr") && type == BP_VAR_R) {
    return zend_compile_func_chr(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "ord") && type == BP_VAR_R) {
    return zend_compile_func_ord(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "call_user_func_array")) {
    return zend_compile_func_cufa(result, args, lcname, type);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "call_user_func")) {
    return zend_compile_func_cuf(result, args, lcname, type);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "in_array")) {
    return zend_compile_func_in_array(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals(lcname, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_COUNT))
      || zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "sizeof")) {
    return zend_compile_func_count(result, args, lcname);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "get_class")) {
    return zend_compile_func_get_class(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "get_called_class")) {
    return zend_compile_func_get_called_class(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "gettype")) {
    return zend_compile_func_gettype(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "func_num_args")) {
    return zend_compile_func_num_args(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "func_get_args")) {
    return zend_compile_func_get_args(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "array_slice")) {
    return zend_compile_func_array_slice(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "array_key_exists")) {
    return zend_compile_func_array_key_exists(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "sprintf")) {
    return zend_compile_func_sprintf(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "printf")) {
    return zend_compile_func_printf(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals(lcname, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_CLONE))) {
    return zend_compile_func_clone(result, args);
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "array_map")) {
    return zend_compile_func_array_map(result, args, lcname, lineno);
  } else {
    return FAILURE;
  }
}

static zend_result zend_try_compile_special_func(znode *result, zend_string *lcname, zend_ast_list *args, const zend_function *fbc, uint32_t type, uint32_t lineno) /* {{{ */
{
  if (CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_NO_BUILTINS) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  if (fbc->type != ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION) {
    /* If the function is part of disabled_functions, it may be redeclared as a userland
     * function with a different implementation. Don't use the VM builtin in that case. */
    return FAILURE;
  }

  if (zend_args_contain_unpack_or_named(args)) {
    return FAILURE;
  }

  if (zend_try_compile_special_func_ex(result, lcname, args, type, lineno) == SUCCESS) {
    return SUCCESS;
  }

  return zend_compile_frameless_icall(result, args, fbc, type) != (uint32_t)-1 ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
}

static const char *zend_get_cstring_from_property_hook_kind(zend_property_hook_kind kind) {
  switch (kind) {
    case ZEND_PROPERTY_HOOK_GET:
      return "get";
    case ZEND_PROPERTY_HOOK_SET:
      return "set";
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
}

static zend_string *zend_copy_unmangled_prop_name(zend_string *prop_name)
{
  if (ZSTR_VAL(prop_name)[0] != '\0') {
    return zend_string_copy(prop_name);
  } else {
    const char *unmangled = zend_get_unmangled_property_name(prop_name);
    return zend_string_init(unmangled, strlen(unmangled), /* persistent */ false);
  }
}

static bool zend_compile_parent_property_hook_call(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type)
{
  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL);

  const zend_ast *class_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *method_ast = ast->child[1];

  if (!zend_ast_is_parent_hook_call(ast)) {
    return false;
  }

  zend_class_entry *ce = CG(active_class_entry);
  if (!ce) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use \"parent\" when no class scope is active");
  }

  zend_ast *args_ast = ast->child[2];
  if (args_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot create Closure for parent property hook call");
  }

  zval *property_hook_name_zv = zend_ast_get_zval(class_ast->child[1]);
  zend_string *property_name = zval_get_string(property_hook_name_zv);
  zend_string *hook_name = zend_ast_get_str(method_ast);
  zend_property_hook_kind hook_kind = zend_get_property_hook_kind_from_name(hook_name);
  ZEND_ASSERT(hook_kind != (uint32_t)-1);

  const zend_string *prop_info_name = CG(context).active_property_info_name;
  if (!prop_info_name) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Must not use parent::$%s::%s() outside a property hook",
      ZSTR_VAL(property_name), ZSTR_VAL(hook_name));
  }

  const char *unmangled_prop_name = zend_get_unmangled_property_name(prop_info_name);
  if (!zend_string_equals_cstr(property_name, unmangled_prop_name, strlen(unmangled_prop_name))) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Must not use parent::$%s::%s() in a different property ($%s)",
      ZSTR_VAL(property_name), ZSTR_VAL(hook_name), unmangled_prop_name);
  }
  if (hook_kind != CG(context).active_property_hook_kind) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Must not use parent::$%s::%s() in a different property hook (%s)",
      ZSTR_VAL(property_name), ZSTR_VAL(hook_name), zend_get_cstring_from_property_hook_kind(CG(context).active_property_hook_kind));
  }

  zend_op *opline = get_next_op();
  opline->opcode = ZEND_INIT_PARENT_PROPERTY_HOOK_CALL;
  opline->op1_type = IS_CONST;
  opline->op1.constant = zend_add_literal_string(&property_name);
  opline->op2.num = hook_kind;

  zend_compile_call_common(result, args_ast, NULL, zend_ast_get_lineno(method_ast), BP_VAR_R);

  return true;
}

static void zend_compile_call(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *name_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *args_ast = ast->child[1];
  bool is_callable_convert = args_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT;

  znode name_node;

  if (name_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL || Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(name_ast)) != IS_STRING) {
    zend_compile_expr(&name_node, name_ast);
    zend_compile_dynamic_call(result, &name_node, args_ast, ast->lineno, type);
    return;
  }

  {
    bool runtime_resolution = zend_compile_function_name(&name_node, name_ast);
    if (runtime_resolution) {
      if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(zend_ast_get_str(name_ast), "assert")
          && !is_callable_convert) {
        zend_compile_assert(result, zend_ast_get_list(args_ast), Z_STR(name_node.u.constant), NULL, ast->lineno, type);
      } else {
        zend_compile_ns_call(result, &name_node, args_ast, ast->lineno, type);
      }
      return;
    }
  }

  {
    const zval *name = &name_node.u.constant;
    zend_string *lcname = zend_string_tolower(Z_STR_P(name));
    zval *fbc_zv = zend_hash_find(CG(function_table), lcname);
    const zend_function *fbc = fbc_zv ? Z_PTR_P(fbc_zv) : NULL;
    zend_op *opline;

    /* Special assert() handling should apply independently of compiler flags. */
    if (fbc && zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "assert") && !is_callable_convert) {
      zend_compile_assert(result, zend_ast_get_list(args_ast), lcname, fbc, ast->lineno, type);
      zend_string_release(lcname);
      zval_ptr_dtor(&name_node.u.constant);
      return;
    }

    if (!fbc
     || !fbc_is_finalized(fbc)
     || zend_compile_ignore_function(fbc, CG(active_op_array)->filename)) {
      zend_string_release_ex(lcname, 0);
      zend_compile_dynamic_call(result, &name_node, args_ast, ast->lineno, type);
      return;
    }

    if (!is_callable_convert &&
        zend_try_compile_special_func(result, lcname,
        zend_ast_get_list(args_ast), fbc, type, ast->lineno) == SUCCESS
    ) {
      zend_string_release_ex(lcname, 0);
      zval_ptr_dtor(&name_node.u.constant);
      return;
    }

    zval_ptr_dtor(&name_node.u.constant);
    ZVAL_STR(&name_node.u.constant, lcname);

    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_INIT_FCALL, NULL, &name_node);
    opline->result.num = zend_alloc_cache_slot();

    /* Store offset to function from symbol table in op2.extra. */
    if (fbc->type == ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION) {
      const Bucket *fbc_bucket = ZEND_CONTAINER_OF(fbc_zv, Bucket, val);
      Z_EXTRA_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op2)) = fbc_bucket - CG(function_table)->arData;
    }

    zend_compile_call_common(result, args_ast, fbc, ast->lineno, type);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_method_call(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *obj_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *method_ast = ast->child[1];
  zend_ast *args_ast = ast->child[2];

  znode obj_node, method_node;
  zend_op *opline;
  const zend_function *fbc = NULL;
  bool nullsafe = ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_METHOD_CALL;
  uint32_t short_circuiting_checkpoint = zend_short_circuiting_checkpoint();

  if (is_this_fetch(obj_ast)) {
    if (this_guaranteed_exists()) {
      obj_node.op_type = IS_UNUSED;
    } else {
      zend_emit_op_tmp(&obj_node, ZEND_FETCH_THIS, NULL, NULL);
    }
    CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_USES_THIS;

    /* We will throw if $this doesn't exist, so there's no need to emit a JMP_NULL
     * check for a nullsafe access. */
  } else {
    zend_short_circuiting_mark_inner(obj_ast);
    zend_compile_expr(&obj_node, obj_ast);
    if (nullsafe) {
      zend_emit_jmp_null(&obj_node, type);
    }
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&method_node, method_ast);
  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_INIT_METHOD_CALL, &obj_node, NULL);

  if (method_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    if (Z_TYPE(method_node.u.constant) != IS_STRING) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Method name must be a string");
    }

    opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
    opline->op2.constant = zend_add_func_name_literal(
      Z_STR(method_node.u.constant));
    opline->result.num = zend_alloc_cache_slots(2);
  } else {
    SET_NODE(opline->op2, &method_node);
  }

  /* Check if this calls a known method on $this */
  if (opline->op1_type == IS_UNUSED && opline->op2_type == IS_CONST &&
      CG(active_class_entry) && zend_is_scope_known()) {
    zend_string *lcname = Z_STR_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op2) + 1);
    fbc = zend_hash_find_ptr(&CG(active_class_entry)->function_table, lcname);

    /* We only know the exact method that is being called if it is either private or final.
     * Otherwise an overriding method in a child class may be called. */
    if (fbc && !(fbc->common.fn_flags & (ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE|ZEND_ACC_FINAL))) {
      fbc = NULL;
    }
  }

  if (zend_compile_call_common(result, args_ast, fbc, zend_ast_get_lineno(method_ast), type)) {
    if (short_circuiting_checkpoint != zend_short_circuiting_checkpoint()) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "Cannot combine nullsafe operator with Closure creation");
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

static bool is_func_accessible(const zend_function *fbc)
{
  if ((fbc->common.fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC) || fbc->common.scope == CG(active_class_entry)) {
    return true;
  }

  if (!(fbc->common.fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE)
    && (fbc->common.scope->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_LINKED)
    && (!CG(active_class_entry) || (CG(active_class_entry)->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_LINKED))
    && zend_check_protected(zend_get_function_root_class(fbc), CG(active_class_entry))) {
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

static const zend_function *zend_get_compatible_func_or_null(const zend_class_entry *ce, zend_string *lcname) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_function *fbc = zend_hash_find_ptr(&ce->function_table, lcname);

  if (!fbc || is_func_accessible(fbc)) {
    return fbc;
  }

  return NULL;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_static_call(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *class_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *method_ast = ast->child[1];
  zend_ast *args_ast = ast->child[2];

  znode class_node, method_node;
  zend_op *opline;
  const zend_function *fbc = NULL;

  if (zend_compile_parent_property_hook_call(result, ast, type)) {
    return;
  }

  zend_short_circuiting_mark_inner(class_ast);
  zend_compile_class_ref(&class_node, class_ast, ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_EXCEPTION);

  zend_compile_expr(&method_node, method_ast);

  if (method_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    zval *name = &method_node.u.constant;
    if (Z_TYPE_P(name) != IS_STRING) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Method name must be a string");
    }
    if (zend_is_constructor(Z_STR_P(name))) {
      zval_ptr_dtor(name);
      method_node.op_type = IS_UNUSED;
    }
  }

  opline = get_next_op();
  opline->opcode = ZEND_INIT_STATIC_METHOD_CALL;

  zend_set_class_name_op1(opline, &class_node);

  if (method_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
    opline->op2.constant = zend_add_func_name_literal(
      Z_STR(method_node.u.constant));
    opline->result.num = zend_alloc_cache_slots(2);
  } else {
    if (opline->op1_type == IS_CONST) {
      opline->result.num = zend_alloc_cache_slot();
    }
    SET_NODE(opline->op2, &method_node);
  }

  /* Check if we already know which method we're calling */
  if (opline->op2_type == IS_CONST) {
    zend_class_entry *ce = NULL;
    if (opline->op1_type == IS_CONST) {
      zend_string *lcname = Z_STR_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op1) + 1);
      ce = zend_hash_find_ptr(CG(class_table), lcname);
      if (ce) {
        if (zend_compile_ignore_class(ce, CG(active_op_array)->filename)) {
          ce = NULL;
        }
      } else if (CG(active_class_entry)
          && zend_string_equals_ci(CG(active_class_entry)->name, lcname)) {
        ce = CG(active_class_entry);
      }
    } else if (opline->op1_type == IS_UNUSED
        && (opline->op1.num & ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_MASK) == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SELF
        && zend_is_scope_known()) {
      ce = CG(active_class_entry);
    }
    if (ce) {
      zend_string *lcname = Z_STR_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op2) + 1);
      fbc = zend_get_compatible_func_or_null(ce, lcname);
    }
  }

  zend_compile_call_common(result, args_ast, fbc, zend_ast_get_lineno(method_ast), type);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_class_decl(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast, bool toplevel);

static void zend_compile_new(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *class_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *args_ast = ast->child[1];

  znode class_node, ctor_result;
  zend_op *opline;

  if (class_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CLASS) {
    /* anon class declaration */
    zend_compile_class_decl(&class_node, class_ast, false);
  } else {
    zend_compile_class_ref(&class_node, class_ast, ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_EXCEPTION);
  }

  opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_NEW, NULL, NULL);

  zend_set_class_name_op1(opline, &class_node);

  if (opline->op1_type == IS_CONST) {
    opline->op2.num = zend_alloc_cache_slot();
  }

  zend_class_entry *ce = NULL;
  if (opline->op1_type == IS_CONST) {
    zend_string *lcname = Z_STR_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op1) + 1);
    ce = zend_hash_find_ptr(CG(class_table), lcname);
    if (ce) {
      if (zend_compile_ignore_class(ce, CG(active_op_array)->filename)) {
        ce = NULL;
      }
    } else if (CG(active_class_entry)
        && zend_string_equals_ci(CG(active_class_entry)->name, lcname)) {
      ce = CG(active_class_entry);
    }
  } else if (opline->op1_type == IS_UNUSED
      && (opline->op1.num & ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_MASK) == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SELF
      && zend_is_scope_known()) {
    ce = CG(active_class_entry);
  }


  const zend_function *fbc = NULL;
  if (ce
      && ce->default_object_handlers->get_constructor == zend_std_get_constructor
      && ce->constructor
      && is_func_accessible(ce->constructor)) {
    fbc = ce->constructor;
  }

  zend_compile_call_common(&ctor_result, args_ast, fbc, ast->lineno, BP_VAR_R);
  zend_do_free(&ctor_result);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_global_var(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *var_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *name_ast = var_ast->child[0];

  znode name_node, result;

  zend_compile_expr(&name_node, name_ast);
  if (name_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    convert_to_string(&name_node.u.constant);
  }

  // TODO(GLOBALS) Forbid "global $GLOBALS"?
  if (is_this_fetch(var_ast)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use $this as global variable");
  } else if (zend_try_compile_cv(&result, var_ast, BP_VAR_R) == SUCCESS) {
    zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_BIND_GLOBAL, &result, &name_node);
    opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slot();
  } else {
    /* name_ast should be evaluated only. FETCH_GLOBAL_LOCK instructs FETCH_W
     * to not free the name_node operand, so it can be reused in the following
     * ASSIGN_REF, which then frees it. */
    zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(&result, ZEND_FETCH_W, &name_node, NULL);
    opline->extended_value = ZEND_FETCH_GLOBAL_LOCK;

    if (name_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
      zend_string_addref(Z_STR(name_node.u.constant));
    }

    zend_emit_assign_ref_znode(
      zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_VAR, zend_ast_create_znode(&name_node)),
      &result
    );
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_static_var_common(zend_string *var_name, zval *value, uint32_t mode) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline;
  if (!CG(active_op_array)->static_variables) {
    if (CG(active_op_array)->scope) {
      CG(active_op_array)->scope->ce_flags |= ZEND_HAS_STATIC_IN_METHODS;
    }
    CG(active_op_array)->static_variables = zend_new_array(8);
  }

  value = zend_hash_update(CG(active_op_array)->static_variables, var_name, value);

  if (zend_string_equals(var_name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_THIS))) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use $this as static variable");
  }

  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_BIND_STATIC, NULL, NULL);
  opline->op1_type = IS_CV;
  opline->op1.var = lookup_cv(var_name);

  static_assert(sizeof(Bucket) % 8 == 0, "Bucket size not compatible with storing flags in lower three bits");
  opline->extended_value = (uint32_t)((char*)value - (char*)CG(active_op_array)->static_variables->arData) | mode;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_static_var(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *var_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_string *var_name = zend_ast_get_str(var_ast);

  if (zend_string_equals(var_name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_THIS))) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use $this as static variable");
  }

  if (!CG(active_op_array)->static_variables) {
    if (CG(active_op_array)->scope) {
      CG(active_op_array)->scope->ce_flags |= ZEND_HAS_STATIC_IN_METHODS;
    }
    CG(active_op_array)->static_variables = zend_new_array(8);
  }

  if (zend_hash_exists(CG(active_op_array)->static_variables, var_name)) {
    zend_error_noreturn_unchecked(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Duplicate declaration of static variable $%S", var_name);
  }

  zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);
  zend_ast *value_ast = ast->child[1];

  if (!value_ast || value_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    zval *value_zv = value_ast
      ? zend_ast_get_zval(value_ast)
      : &EG(uninitialized_zval);
    Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(value_zv);
    zend_compile_static_var_common(var_name, value_zv, ZEND_BIND_REF);
  } else {
    zend_op *opline;

    zval *placeholder_ptr = zend_hash_update(CG(active_op_array)->static_variables, var_name, &EG(uninitialized_zval));
    uint32_t placeholder_offset = (uint32_t)((char*)placeholder_ptr - (char*)CG(active_op_array)->static_variables->arData);

    uint32_t static_def_jmp_opnum = get_next_op_number();
    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_BIND_INIT_STATIC_OR_JMP, NULL, NULL);
    opline->op1_type = IS_CV;
    opline->op1.var = lookup_cv(var_name);
    opline->extended_value = placeholder_offset;

    znode expr;
    zend_compile_expr(&expr, value_ast);

    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_BIND_STATIC, NULL, &expr);
    opline->op1_type = IS_CV;
    opline->op1.var = lookup_cv(var_name);
    opline->extended_value = placeholder_offset | ZEND_BIND_REF;

    zend_update_jump_target_to_next(static_def_jmp_opnum);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_unset(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *var_ast = ast->child[0];
  znode var_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  zend_ensure_writable_variable(var_ast);

  if (is_global_var_fetch(var_ast)) {
    if (!var_ast->child[1]) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use [] for unsetting");
    }

    zend_compile_expr(&var_node, var_ast->child[1]);
    if (var_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
      convert_to_string(&var_node.u.constant);
    }

    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_UNSET_VAR, &var_node, NULL);
    opline->extended_value = ZEND_FETCH_GLOBAL;
    return;
  }

  switch (var_ast->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_VAR:
      if (is_this_fetch(var_ast)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot unset $this");
      } else if (zend_try_compile_cv(&var_node, var_ast, BP_VAR_UNSET) == SUCCESS) {
        opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_UNSET_CV, &var_node, NULL);
      } else {
        opline = zend_compile_simple_var_no_cv(NULL, var_ast, BP_VAR_UNSET, false);
        opline->opcode = ZEND_UNSET_VAR;
      }
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
      opline = zend_compile_dim(NULL, var_ast, BP_VAR_UNSET, /* by_ref */ false);
      opline->opcode = ZEND_UNSET_DIM;
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
      opline = zend_compile_prop(NULL, var_ast, BP_VAR_UNSET, false);
      opline->opcode = ZEND_UNSET_OBJ;
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP:
      opline = zend_compile_static_prop(NULL, var_ast, BP_VAR_UNSET, false, false);
      opline->opcode = ZEND_UNSET_STATIC_PROP;
      return;
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_handle_loops_and_finally_ex(zend_long depth, znode *return_value) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_loop_var *base;
  zend_loop_var *loop_var = zend_stack_top(&CG(loop_var_stack));

  if (!loop_var) {
    return true;
  }
  base = zend_stack_base(&CG(loop_var_stack));
  for (; loop_var >= base; loop_var--) {
    if (loop_var->opcode == ZEND_FAST_CALL) {
      zend_op *opline = get_next_op();

      opline->opcode = ZEND_FAST_CALL;
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      opline->result.var = loop_var->var_num;
      if (return_value) {
        SET_NODE(opline->op2, return_value);
      }
      opline->op1.num = loop_var->try_catch_offset;
    } else if (loop_var->opcode == ZEND_DISCARD_EXCEPTION) {
      zend_op *opline = get_next_op();
      opline->opcode = ZEND_DISCARD_EXCEPTION;
      opline->op1_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      opline->op1.var = loop_var->var_num;
    } else if (loop_var->opcode == ZEND_RETURN) {
      /* Stack separator */
      break;
    } else if (depth <= 1) {
      return 1;
    } else if (loop_var->opcode == ZEND_NOP) {
      /* Loop doesn't have freeable variable */
      depth--;
    } else {
      zend_op *opline;

      ZEND_ASSERT(loop_var->var_type & (IS_VAR|IS_TMP_VAR));
      opline = get_next_op();
      opline->opcode = loop_var->opcode;
      opline->op1_type = loop_var->var_type;
      opline->op1.var = loop_var->var_num;
      opline->extended_value = ZEND_FREE_ON_RETURN;
      depth--;
      }
  }
  return (depth == 0);
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_handle_loops_and_finally(znode *return_value) /* {{{ */
{
  return zend_handle_loops_and_finally_ex(zend_stack_count(&CG(loop_var_stack)) + 1, return_value);
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_has_finally_ex(zend_long depth) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_loop_var *base;
  zend_loop_var *loop_var = zend_stack_top(&CG(loop_var_stack));

  if (!loop_var) {
    return false;
  }
  base = zend_stack_base(&CG(loop_var_stack));
  for (; loop_var >= base; loop_var--) {
    if (loop_var->opcode == ZEND_FAST_CALL) {
      return 1;
    } else if (loop_var->opcode == ZEND_DISCARD_EXCEPTION) {
    } else if (loop_var->opcode == ZEND_RETURN) {
      /* Stack separator */
      return 0;
    } else if (depth <= 1) {
      return 0;
    } else {
      depth--;
      }
  }
  return false;
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_has_finally(void) /* {{{ */
{
  return zend_has_finally_ex(zend_stack_count(&CG(loop_var_stack)) + 1);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_return(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];
  bool is_generator = (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_GENERATOR) != 0;
  bool by_ref = (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_RETURN_REFERENCE) != 0;

  znode expr_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  if (is_generator) {
    /* For generators the by-ref flag refers to yields, not returns */
    by_ref = false;
  }

  if (!expr_ast) {
    expr_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_NULL(&expr_node.u.constant);
  } else if (by_ref && zend_is_variable_or_call(expr_ast)) {
    zend_assert_not_short_circuited(expr_ast);
    zend_compile_var(&expr_node, expr_ast, BP_VAR_W, true);
  } else {
    zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);
  }

  if (expr_ast) {
    if (CG(active_class_entry) != NULL) {
      if (zend_is_constructor(CG(active_op_array)->function_name)) {
        zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Returning a value from a constructor is deprecated");
      } else if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(CG(active_op_array)->function_name, ZEND_DESTRUCTOR_FUNC_NAME)) {
        zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Returning a value from a destructor is deprecated");
      }
    }
  }

  if (CG(context).in_finally) {
    zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Returning from a finally block is deprecated");
  }

  if ((CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_HAS_FINALLY_BLOCK)
   && (expr_node.op_type == IS_CV || (by_ref && expr_node.op_type == IS_VAR))
   && zend_has_finally()) {
    /* Copy return value into temporary VAR to avoid modification in finally code */
    if (by_ref) {
      zend_emit_op(&expr_node, ZEND_MAKE_REF, &expr_node, NULL);
    } else {
      zend_emit_op_tmp(&expr_node, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &expr_node, NULL);
    }
  }

  /* Generator return types are handled separately */
  if (!is_generator && (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_HAS_RETURN_TYPE)) {
    zend_emit_return_type_check(
      expr_ast ? &expr_node : NULL, CG(active_op_array)->arg_info - 1, false);
  }

  uint32_t opnum_before_finally = get_next_op_number();

  zend_handle_loops_and_finally((expr_node.op_type & (IS_TMP_VAR | IS_VAR)) ? &expr_node : NULL);

  /* Content of reference might have changed in finally, repeat type check. */
  if (by_ref
   /* Check if any opcodes were emitted since the last return type check. */
   && opnum_before_finally != get_next_op_number()
   && !is_generator
   && (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_HAS_RETURN_TYPE)) {
    zend_emit_return_type_check(
      expr_ast ? &expr_node : NULL, CG(active_op_array)->arg_info - 1, false);
  }

  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, by_ref ? ZEND_RETURN_BY_REF : ZEND_RETURN,
    &expr_node, NULL);

  if (by_ref && expr_ast) {
    if (zend_is_call(expr_ast)) {
      opline->extended_value = ZEND_RETURNS_FUNCTION;
    } else if (!zend_is_variable(expr_ast) || zend_ast_is_short_circuited(expr_ast)) {
      opline->extended_value = ZEND_RETURNS_VALUE;
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_void_cast(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast)
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];
  znode expr_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

  switch (expr_node.op_type) {
    case IS_TMP_VAR:
    case IS_VAR:
      opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FREE, &expr_node, NULL);
      opline->extended_value = ZEND_FREE_VOID_CAST;
      break;
    case IS_CONST:
      zend_do_free(&expr_node);
      break;
  }
}

static void zend_compile_echo(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline;
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];

  znode expr_node;
  zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_ECHO, &expr_node, NULL);
  opline->extended_value = 0;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_throw(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];

  znode expr_node;
  zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

  zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_THROW, &expr_node, NULL);
  if (result) {
    /* Mark this as an "expression throw" for opcache. */
    opline->extended_value = ZEND_THROW_IS_EXPR;
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_TRUE(&result->u.constant);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_break_continue(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *depth_ast = ast->child[0];

  zend_op *opline;
  zend_long depth;

  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_BREAK || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CONTINUE);

  if (depth_ast) {
    const zval *depth_zv;
    if (depth_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "'%s' operator with non-integer operand "
        "is no longer supported", ast->kind == ZEND_AST_BREAK ? "break" : "continue");
    }

    depth_zv = zend_ast_get_zval(depth_ast);
    if (Z_TYPE_P(depth_zv) != IS_LONG || Z_LVAL_P(depth_zv) < 1) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "'%s' operator accepts only positive integers",
        ast->kind == ZEND_AST_BREAK ? "break" : "continue");
    }

    depth = Z_LVAL_P(depth_zv);
  } else {
    depth = 1;
  }

  if (CG(context).current_brk_cont == -1) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "'%s' not in the 'loop' or 'switch' context",
      ast->kind == ZEND_AST_BREAK ? "break" : "continue");
  } else {
    if (!zend_handle_loops_and_finally_ex(depth, NULL)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot '%s' " ZEND_LONG_FMT " level%s",
        ast->kind == ZEND_AST_BREAK ? "break" : "continue",
        depth, depth == 1 ? "" : "s");
    }
  }

  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CONTINUE) {
    int d, cur = CG(context).current_brk_cont;
    for (d = depth - 1; d > 0; d--) {
      cur = CG(context).brk_cont_array[cur].parent;
      ZEND_ASSERT(cur != -1);
    }

    if (CG(context).brk_cont_array[cur].is_switch) {
      if (depth == 1) {
        if (CG(context).brk_cont_array[cur].parent == -1) {
          zend_error(E_WARNING,
            "\"continue\" targeting switch is equivalent to \"break\"");
        } else {
          zend_error(E_WARNING,
            "\"continue\" targeting switch is equivalent to \"break\". " \
            "Did you mean to use \"continue " ZEND_LONG_FMT "\"?",
            depth + 1);
        }
      } else {
        if (CG(context).brk_cont_array[cur].parent == -1) {
          zend_error(E_WARNING,
            "\"continue " ZEND_LONG_FMT "\" targeting switch is equivalent to \"break " ZEND_LONG_FMT "\"",
            depth, depth);
        } else {
          zend_error(E_WARNING,
            "\"continue " ZEND_LONG_FMT "\" targeting switch is equivalent to \"break " ZEND_LONG_FMT "\". " \
            "Did you mean to use \"continue " ZEND_LONG_FMT "\"?",
            depth, depth, depth + 1);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ast->kind == ZEND_AST_BREAK ? ZEND_BRK : ZEND_CONT, NULL, NULL);
  opline->op1.num = CG(context).current_brk_cont;
  opline->op2.num = depth;
}
/* }}} */

void zend_resolve_goto_label(zend_op_array *op_array, zend_op *opline) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_label *dest;
  int remove_oplines = opline->op1.num;
  zval *label;
  uint32_t opnum = opline - op_array->opcodes;

  label = CT_CONSTANT_EX(op_array, opline->op2.constant);
  if (CG(context).labels == NULL ||
      (dest = zend_hash_find_ptr(CG(context).labels, Z_STR_P(label))) == NULL
  ) {
    CG(in_compilation) = 1;
    CG(active_op_array) = op_array;
    CG(zend_lineno) = opline->lineno;
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "'goto' to undefined label '%s'", Z_STRVAL_P(label));
  }

  zval_ptr_dtor_str(label);
  ZVAL_NULL(label);

  uint32_t current = opline->extended_value;
  for (; current != dest->brk_cont; current = CG(context).brk_cont_array[current].parent) {
    if (current == -1) {
      CG(in_compilation) = 1;
      CG(active_op_array) = op_array;
      CG(zend_lineno) = opline->lineno;
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "'goto' into loop or switch statement is disallowed");
    }
    if (CG(context).brk_cont_array[current].start >= 0) {
      remove_oplines--;
    }
  }

  for (current = 0; current < op_array->last_try_catch; ++current) {
    const zend_try_catch_element *elem = &op_array->try_catch_array[current];
    if (elem->try_op > opnum) {
      break;
    }
    if (elem->finally_op && opnum < elem->finally_op - 1
      && (dest->opline_num > elem->finally_end || dest->opline_num < elem->try_op)
    ) {
      remove_oplines--;
    }
  }

  opline->opcode = ZEND_JMP;
  SET_UNUSED(opline->op1);
  SET_UNUSED(opline->op2);
  SET_UNUSED(opline->result);
  opline->op1.opline_num = dest->opline_num;
  opline->extended_value = 0;

  ZEND_ASSERT(remove_oplines >= 0);
  while (remove_oplines--) {
    opline--;
    MAKE_NOP(opline);
    ZEND_VM_SET_OPCODE_HANDLER(opline);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_goto(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *label_ast = ast->child[0];
  znode label_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  zend_compile_expr(&label_node, label_ast);

  /* Label resolution and unwinding adjustments happen in pass two. */
  uint32_t opnum_start = get_next_op_number();
  zend_handle_loops_and_finally(NULL);
  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_GOTO, NULL, &label_node);
  opline->op1.num = get_next_op_number() - opnum_start - 1;
  opline->extended_value = CG(context).current_brk_cont;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_label(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_string *label = zend_ast_get_str(ast->child[0]);
  zend_label dest;

  if (!CG(context).labels) {
    ALLOC_HASHTABLE(CG(context).labels);
    zend_hash_init(CG(context).labels, 8, NULL, label_ptr_dtor, 0);
  }

  dest.brk_cont = CG(context).current_brk_cont;
  dest.opline_num = get_next_op_number();

  if (!zend_hash_add_mem(CG(context).labels, label, &dest, sizeof(zend_label))) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Label '%s' already defined", ZSTR_VAL(label));
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_while(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *cond_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *stmt_ast = ast->child[1];
  znode cond_node;
  uint32_t opnum_start, opnum_jmp, opnum_cond;

  opnum_jmp = zend_emit_jump(0);

  zend_begin_loop(ZEND_NOP, NULL, false);

  opnum_start = get_next_op_number();
  zend_compile_stmt(stmt_ast);

  opnum_cond = get_next_op_number();
  zend_update_jump_target(opnum_jmp, opnum_cond);
  zend_compile_expr(&cond_node, cond_ast);

  zend_emit_cond_jump(ZEND_JMPNZ, &cond_node, opnum_start);

  zend_end_loop(opnum_cond, NULL);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_do_while(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *stmt_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *cond_ast = ast->child[1];

  znode cond_node;
  uint32_t opnum_start, opnum_cond;

  zend_begin_loop(ZEND_NOP, NULL, false);

  opnum_start = get_next_op_number();
  zend_compile_stmt(stmt_ast);

  opnum_cond = get_next_op_number();
  zend_compile_expr(&cond_node, cond_ast);

  zend_emit_cond_jump(ZEND_JMPNZ, &cond_node, opnum_start);

  zend_end_loop(opnum_cond, NULL);
}
/* }}} */

/* An assignment whose result is unused is compiled as a statement */
static void zend_compile_for_expr_list(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, bool last_result_used) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_list *list;
  uint32_t i;

  result->op_type = IS_CONST;
  ZVAL_TRUE(&result->u.constant);

  if (!ast) {
    return;
  }

  list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *expr_ast = list->child[i];

    zend_do_free(result);
    if (expr_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CAST_VOID) {
      zend_compile_void_cast(NULL, expr_ast);
      result->op_type = IS_CONST;
      ZVAL_NULL(&result->u.constant);
    } else if (expr_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ASSIGN && (i + 1 < list->children || !last_result_used)) {
      zend_compile_assign(result, expr_ast, /* stmt */ true, BP_VAR_R);
    } else {
      zend_compile_expr(result, expr_ast);
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_for(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *init_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *cond_ast = ast->child[1];
  zend_ast *loop_ast = ast->child[2];
  zend_ast *stmt_ast = ast->child[3];

  znode result;
  uint32_t opnum_start, opnum_jmp, opnum_loop;

  zend_compile_for_expr_list(&result, init_ast, false);
  zend_do_free(&result);

  opnum_jmp = zend_emit_jump(0);

  zend_begin_loop(ZEND_NOP, NULL, false);

  opnum_start = get_next_op_number();
  zend_compile_stmt(stmt_ast);

  opnum_loop = get_next_op_number();
  zend_compile_for_expr_list(&result, loop_ast, false);
  zend_do_free(&result);

  zend_update_jump_target_to_next(opnum_jmp);
  zend_compile_for_expr_list(&result, cond_ast, true);
  zend_do_extended_stmt(NULL);

  zend_emit_cond_jump(ZEND_JMPNZ, &result, opnum_start);

  zend_end_loop(opnum_loop, NULL);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_foreach(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *value_ast = ast->child[1];
  zend_ast *key_ast = ast->child[2];
  zend_ast *stmt_ast = ast->child[3];
  bool by_ref = value_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_REF;
  bool is_variable = (zend_is_variable(expr_ast) && zend_can_write_to_variable(expr_ast))
    || zend_is_call(expr_ast);

  znode expr_node, reset_node, value_node, key_node;
  zend_op *opline;
  uint32_t opnum_reset, opnum_fetch;

  if (key_ast) {
    if (key_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_REF) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Key element cannot be a reference");
    }
    if (key_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ARRAY) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use list as key element");
    }
  }

  if (by_ref) {
    value_ast = value_ast->child[0];
  }

  if (value_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ARRAY && zend_propagate_list_refs(value_ast)) {
    by_ref = true;
  }

  if (by_ref && is_variable) {
    zend_compile_var(&expr_node, expr_ast, BP_VAR_W, true);
  } else {
    zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);
  }

  if (by_ref) {
    zend_separate_if_call_and_write(&expr_node, expr_ast, BP_VAR_W);
  }

  opnum_reset = get_next_op_number();
  opline = zend_emit_op(&reset_node, by_ref ? ZEND_FE_RESET_RW : ZEND_FE_RESET_R, &expr_node, NULL);
  if (!by_ref) {
    opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    reset_node.op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  }

  zend_begin_loop(ZEND_FE_FREE, &reset_node, false);

  opnum_fetch = get_next_op_number();
  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, by_ref ? ZEND_FE_FETCH_RW : ZEND_FE_FETCH_R, &reset_node, NULL);

  if (is_this_fetch(value_ast)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot re-assign $this");
  } else if (value_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_VAR &&
    zend_try_compile_cv(&value_node, value_ast, BP_VAR_R) == SUCCESS) {
    SET_NODE(opline->op2, &value_node);
  } else {
    opline->op2_type = by_ref ? IS_VAR : IS_TMP_VAR;
    opline->op2.var = get_temporary_variable();
    GET_NODE(&value_node, opline->op2);
    if (value_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ARRAY) {
      zend_compile_list_assign(NULL, value_ast, &value_node, value_ast->attr, BP_VAR_R);
    } else if (by_ref) {
      zend_emit_assign_ref_znode(value_ast, &value_node);
    } else {
      zend_emit_assign_znode(value_ast, &value_node);
    }
  }

  if (key_ast) {
    opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_fetch];
    zend_make_tmp_result(&key_node, opline);
    zend_emit_assign_znode(key_ast, &key_node);
  }

  zend_compile_stmt(stmt_ast);

  /* Place JMP and FE_FREE on the line where foreach starts. It would be
   * better to use the end line, but this information is not available
   * currently. */
  CG(zend_lineno) = ast->lineno;
  zend_emit_jump(opnum_fetch);

  opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_reset];
  opline->op2.opline_num = get_next_op_number();

  opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_fetch];
  opline->extended_value = get_next_op_number();

  zend_end_loop(opnum_fetch, &reset_node);

  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FE_FREE, &reset_node, NULL);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_if(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  uint32_t i;
  uint32_t *jmp_opnums = NULL;

  if (list->children > 1) {
    jmp_opnums = safe_emalloc(sizeof(uint32_t), list->children - 1, 0);
  }

  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    const zend_ast *elem_ast = list->child[i];
    zend_ast *cond_ast = elem_ast->child[0];
    zend_ast *stmt_ast = elem_ast->child[1];

    if (cond_ast) {
      znode cond_node;
      uint32_t opnum_jmpz;

      if (i > 0) {
        CG(zend_lineno) = cond_ast->lineno;
        zend_do_extended_stmt(NULL);
      }

      zend_compile_expr(&cond_node, cond_ast);
      opnum_jmpz = zend_emit_cond_jump(ZEND_JMPZ, &cond_node, 0);

      zend_compile_stmt(stmt_ast);

      if (i != list->children - 1) {
        /* Set the lineno of JMP to the position of the if keyword, as we don't want to
         * report the last line in the if branch as covered if it hasn't actually executed. */
        CG(zend_lineno) = elem_ast->lineno;
        jmp_opnums[i] = zend_emit_jump(0);
      }
      zend_update_jump_target_to_next(opnum_jmpz);
    } else {
      /* "else" can only occur as last element. */
      ZEND_ASSERT(i == list->children - 1);
      zend_compile_stmt(stmt_ast);
    }
  }

  if (list->children > 1) {
    for (i = 0; i < list->children - 1; ++i) {
      zend_update_jump_target_to_next(jmp_opnums[i]);
    }
    efree(jmp_opnums);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static uint8_t determine_switch_jumptable_type(const zend_ast_list *cases) {
  uint32_t i;
  uint8_t common_type = IS_UNDEF;
  for (i = 0; i < cases->children; i++) {
    zend_ast *case_ast = cases->child[i];
    zend_ast **cond_ast = &case_ast->child[0];
    const zval *cond_zv;
    if (!case_ast->child[0]) {
      /* Skip default clause */
      continue;
    }

    zend_eval_const_expr(cond_ast);
    if ((*cond_ast)->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
      /* Non-constant case */
      return IS_UNDEF;
    }

    cond_zv = zend_ast_get_zval(case_ast->child[0]);
    if (Z_TYPE_P(cond_zv) != IS_LONG && Z_TYPE_P(cond_zv) != IS_STRING) {
      /* We only optimize switched on integers and strings */
      return IS_UNDEF;
    }

    if (common_type == IS_UNDEF) {
      common_type = Z_TYPE_P(cond_zv);
    } else if (common_type != Z_TYPE_P(cond_zv)) {
      /* Non-uniform case types */
      return IS_UNDEF;
    }

    if (Z_TYPE_P(cond_zv) == IS_STRING
        && is_numeric_string(Z_STRVAL_P(cond_zv), Z_STRLEN_P(cond_zv), NULL, NULL, 0)) {
      /* Numeric strings cannot be compared with a simple hash lookup */
      return IS_UNDEF;
    }
  }

  return common_type;
}

static bool should_use_jumptable(const zend_ast_list *cases, uint8_t jumptable_type) {
  if (CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_NO_JUMPTABLES) {
    return false;
  }

  /* Thresholds are chosen based on when the average switch time for equidistributed
   * input becomes smaller when using the jumptable optimization. */
  if (jumptable_type == IS_LONG) {
    return cases->children >= 5;
  } else {
    ZEND_ASSERT(jumptable_type == IS_STRING);
    return cases->children >= 2;
  }
}

static void zend_compile_switch(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast_list *cases = zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[1]);

  uint32_t i;
  bool has_default_case = false;

  znode expr_node, case_node;
  zend_op *opline;
  uint32_t *jmpnz_opnums, opnum_default_jmp, opnum_switch = (uint32_t)-1;
  uint8_t jumptable_type;
  HashTable *jumptable = NULL;

  zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

  zend_begin_loop(ZEND_FREE, &expr_node, true);

  case_node.op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  case_node.u.op.var = get_temporary_variable();

  jumptable_type = determine_switch_jumptable_type(cases);
  if (jumptable_type != IS_UNDEF && should_use_jumptable(cases, jumptable_type)) {
    znode jumptable_op;

    ALLOC_HASHTABLE(jumptable);
    zend_hash_init(jumptable, cases->children, NULL, NULL, 0);
    jumptable_op.op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_ARR(&jumptable_op.u.constant, jumptable);

    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL,
      jumptable_type == IS_LONG ? ZEND_SWITCH_LONG : ZEND_SWITCH_STRING,
      &expr_node, &jumptable_op);
    if (opline->op1_type == IS_CONST) {
      Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op1));
    }
    opnum_switch = opline - CG(active_op_array)->opcodes;
  }

  jmpnz_opnums = safe_emalloc(sizeof(uint32_t), cases->children, 0);
  for (i = 0; i < cases->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *case_ast = cases->child[i];
    zend_ast *cond_ast = case_ast->child[0];
    znode cond_node;

    if (case_ast->attr == ZEND_ALT_CASE_SYNTAX) {
      CG(zend_lineno) = case_ast->lineno;
      zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Case statements followed by a semicolon (;) are deprecated, use a colon (:) instead");
    }

    if (!cond_ast) {
      if (has_default_case) {
        CG(zend_lineno) = case_ast->lineno;
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Switch statements may only contain one default clause");
      }
      has_default_case = true;
      continue;
    }

    zend_compile_expr(&cond_node, cond_ast);

    if (expr_node.op_type == IS_CONST
      && Z_TYPE(expr_node.u.constant) == IS_FALSE) {
      jmpnz_opnums[i] = zend_emit_cond_jump(ZEND_JMPZ, &cond_node, 0);
    } else if (expr_node.op_type == IS_CONST
      && Z_TYPE(expr_node.u.constant) == IS_TRUE) {
      jmpnz_opnums[i] = zend_emit_cond_jump(ZEND_JMPNZ, &cond_node, 0);
    } else {
      opline = zend_emit_op(NULL,
        (expr_node.op_type & (IS_VAR|IS_TMP_VAR)) ? ZEND_CASE : ZEND_IS_EQUAL,
        &expr_node, &cond_node);
      SET_NODE(opline->result, &case_node);
      if (opline->op1_type == IS_CONST) {
        Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op1));
      }

      jmpnz_opnums[i] = zend_emit_cond_jump(ZEND_JMPNZ, &case_node, 0);
    }
  }

  opnum_default_jmp = zend_emit_jump(0);

  for (i = 0; i < cases->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *case_ast = cases->child[i];
    zend_ast *cond_ast = case_ast->child[0];
    zend_ast *stmt_ast = case_ast->child[1];

    if (cond_ast) {
      zend_update_jump_target_to_next(jmpnz_opnums[i]);

      if (jumptable) {
        zval *cond_zv = zend_ast_get_zval(cond_ast);
        zval jmp_target;
        ZVAL_LONG(&jmp_target, get_next_op_number());

        ZEND_ASSERT(Z_TYPE_P(cond_zv) == jumptable_type);
        if (Z_TYPE_P(cond_zv) == IS_LONG) {
          zend_hash_index_add(jumptable, Z_LVAL_P(cond_zv), &jmp_target);
        } else {
          ZEND_ASSERT(Z_TYPE_P(cond_zv) == IS_STRING);
          zend_hash_add(jumptable, Z_STR_P(cond_zv), &jmp_target);
        }
      }
    } else {
      zend_update_jump_target_to_next(opnum_default_jmp);

      if (jumptable) {
        ZEND_ASSERT(opnum_switch != (uint32_t)-1);
        opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_switch];
        opline->extended_value = get_next_op_number();
      }
    }

    zend_compile_stmt(stmt_ast);
  }

  if (!has_default_case) {
    zend_update_jump_target_to_next(opnum_default_jmp);

    if (jumptable) {
      opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_switch];
      opline->extended_value = get_next_op_number();
    }
  }

  zend_end_loop(get_next_op_number(), &expr_node);

  if (expr_node.op_type & (IS_VAR|IS_TMP_VAR)) {
    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FREE, &expr_node, NULL);
    opline->extended_value = ZEND_FREE_SWITCH;
  } else if (expr_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&expr_node.u.constant);
  }

  efree(jmpnz_opnums);
}
/* }}} */

static uint32_t count_match_conds(const zend_ast_list *arms)
{
  uint32_t num_conds = 0;

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < arms->children; i++) {
    const zend_ast *arm_ast = arms->child[i];
    if (arm_ast->child[0] == NULL) {
      continue;
    }

    const zend_ast_list *conds = zend_ast_get_list(arm_ast->child[0]);
    num_conds += conds->children;
  }

  return num_conds;
}

static bool can_match_use_jumptable(const zend_ast_list *arms) {
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < arms->children; i++) {
    const zend_ast *arm_ast = arms->child[i];
    if (!arm_ast->child[0]) {
      /* Skip default arm */
      continue;
    }

    zend_ast_list *conds = zend_ast_get_list(arm_ast->child[0]);
    for (uint32_t j = 0; j < conds->children; j++) {
      zend_ast **cond_ast = &conds->child[j];

      zend_eval_const_expr(cond_ast);
      if ((*cond_ast)->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        return false;
      }

      const zval *cond_zv = zend_ast_get_zval(*cond_ast);
      if (Z_TYPE_P(cond_zv) != IS_LONG && Z_TYPE_P(cond_zv) != IS_STRING) {
        return false;
      }
    }
  }

  return true;
}

static bool zend_is_pipe_optimizable_callable_name(zend_ast *ast)
{
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL && Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(ast)) == IS_STRING) {
    /* Assert compilation adds a message operand, but this is incompatible with the
     * pipe optimization that uses a temporary znode for the reference elimination.
     * Therefore, disable the optimization for assert.
     * Note that "assert" as a name is always treated as fully qualified. */
    return !zend_string_equals_literal_ci(zend_ast_get_str(ast), "assert");
  }

  return true;
}

static zend_ast *zend_partial_apply(zend_ast *callable_ast, zend_ast *pipe_arg)
{
  if (callable_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_CALL
      && callable_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL
      && callable_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_METHOD_CALL) {
    return NULL;
  }

  zend_ast *args_ast = zend_ast_call_get_args(callable_ast);
  if (!args_ast || args_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT) {
    return NULL;
  }

  if (callable_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALL &&
      !zend_is_pipe_optimizable_callable_name(callable_ast->child[0])) {
    return NULL;
  }

  zend_ast_list *arg_list = zend_ast_get_list(((zend_ast_fcc*)args_ast)->args);

  zend_ast *first_placeholder = NULL;
  bool uses_named_args = false;

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < arg_list->children; i++) {
    zend_ast *arg = arg_list->child[i];
    if (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG) {
      uses_named_args = true;
      arg = arg->child[1];
    }

    if (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_PLACEHOLDER_ARG) {
      if (first_placeholder == NULL) {
        first_placeholder = arg;
      } else {
        /* A PFA with multiple placeholders is unexpected in this
         * context, and will usually error due to a missing argument,
         * so we don't optimize those. */
        return NULL;
      }
      if (arg->attr == ZEND_PLACEHOLDER_VARIADIC && uses_named_args) {
        /* A PFA with both a variadic placeholder and named args can not
         * be optimized because this would result in a positional arg
         * after a named arg: f(name: $v, ...) -> f(name: $v, pipe_arg).
         * Arg placeholders ('?') are safe since they are not allowed
         * after named args. */
        return NULL;
      }
    }
  }

  ZEND_ASSERT(first_placeholder);

  zend_ast *new_arg_list = zend_ast_create_list(0, arg_list->kind);
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < arg_list->children; i++) {
    zend_ast *arg = arg_list->child[i];
    if (arg == first_placeholder) {
      new_arg_list = zend_ast_list_add(new_arg_list, pipe_arg);
    } else if (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG
        && arg->child[1] == first_placeholder) {
      zend_ast *name = arg->child[0];
      new_arg_list = zend_ast_list_add(new_arg_list,
          zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG, name, pipe_arg));
    } else {
      new_arg_list = zend_ast_list_add(new_arg_list, arg);
    }
  }

  return new_arg_list;
}

static void zend_compile_pipe(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type)
{
  zend_ast *operand_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *callable_ast = ast->child[1];

  if (callable_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC && !(callable_ast->attr & ZEND_PARENTHESIZED_ARROW_FUNC)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Arrow functions on the right hand side of |> must be parenthesized");
  }

  /* Compile the left hand side down to a value first. */
  znode operand_result;
  zend_compile_expr(&operand_result, operand_ast);

  /* Wrap simple values in a ZEND_QM_ASSIGN opcode to ensure references
   * always fail. They will already fail in complex cases like arrays,
   * so those don't need a wrapper. */
  znode wrapped_operand_result;
  if (operand_result.op_type & (IS_CV|IS_VAR)) {
    zend_emit_op_tmp(&wrapped_operand_result, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &operand_result, NULL);
  } else {
    wrapped_operand_result = operand_result;
  }

  /* Turn the operand into a function parameter list. */
  zend_ast *arg = zend_ast_create_znode(&wrapped_operand_result);

  zend_ast *fcall_ast;
  znode callable_result;
  zend_ast *pfa_arg_list_ast = NULL;

  /* Turn $foo |> PFA into plain function call if possible */
  if ((pfa_arg_list_ast = zend_partial_apply(callable_ast, arg))) {
    switch (callable_ast->kind) {
      case ZEND_AST_CALL:
        fcall_ast = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CALL,
            callable_ast->child[0], pfa_arg_list_ast);
        break;
      case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL:
        fcall_ast = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL,
            callable_ast->child[0], callable_ast->child[1],
            pfa_arg_list_ast);
        break;
      case ZEND_AST_METHOD_CALL:
        fcall_ast = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_METHOD_CALL,
            callable_ast->child[0], callable_ast->child[1],
            pfa_arg_list_ast);
        break;
      default:
        ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
    }
  /* Turn $foo |> $expr into ($expr)($foo) */
  } else {
    zend_ast *arg_list_ast = zend_ast_create_list(1, ZEND_AST_ARG_LIST, arg);
    zend_compile_expr(&callable_result, callable_ast);
    callable_ast = zend_ast_create_znode(&callable_result);
    fcall_ast = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CALL,
      callable_ast, arg_list_ast);
  }

  zend_do_extended_stmt(&operand_result);

  zend_compile_var(result, fcall_ast, type, /* by_ref */ false);
}

static void zend_compile_match(znode *result, zend_ast *ast)
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast_list *arms = zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[1]);
  bool has_default_arm = false;
  uint32_t opnum_match = (uint32_t)-1;

  znode expr_node;
  zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

  znode case_node;
  case_node.op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  case_node.u.op.var = get_temporary_variable();

  uint32_t num_conds = count_match_conds(arms);
  uint8_t can_use_jumptable = can_match_use_jumptable(arms);
  bool uses_jumptable = can_use_jumptable && num_conds >= 2;
  HashTable *jumptable = NULL;
  uint32_t *jmpnz_opnums = NULL;

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < arms->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *arm_ast = arms->child[i];

    if (!arm_ast->child[0]) {
      if (has_default_arm) {
        CG(zend_lineno) = arm_ast->lineno;
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Match expressions may only contain one default arm");
      }
      has_default_arm = true;
    }
  }

  if (uses_jumptable) {
    znode jumptable_op;

    ALLOC_HASHTABLE(jumptable);
    zend_hash_init(jumptable, num_conds, NULL, NULL, 0);
    jumptable_op.op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_ARR(&jumptable_op.u.constant, jumptable);

    zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_MATCH, &expr_node, &jumptable_op);
    if (opline->op1_type == IS_CONST) {
      Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op1));
    }
    opnum_match = opline - CG(active_op_array)->opcodes;
  } else {
    jmpnz_opnums = safe_emalloc(sizeof(uint32_t), num_conds, 0);
    uint32_t cond_count = 0;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < arms->children; ++i) {
      zend_ast *arm_ast = arms->child[i];

      if (!arm_ast->child[0]) {
        continue;
      }

      zend_ast_list *conds = zend_ast_get_list(arm_ast->child[0]);
      for (uint32_t j = 0; j < conds->children; j++) {
        zend_ast *cond_ast = conds->child[j];

        znode cond_node;
        zend_compile_expr(&cond_node, cond_ast);

        uint32_t opcode = (expr_node.op_type & (IS_VAR|IS_TMP_VAR)) ? ZEND_CASE_STRICT : ZEND_IS_IDENTICAL;
        zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, opcode, &expr_node, &cond_node);
        SET_NODE(opline->result, &case_node);
        if (opline->op1_type == IS_CONST) {
          Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op1));
        }

        jmpnz_opnums[cond_count] = zend_emit_cond_jump(ZEND_JMPNZ, &case_node, 0);

        cond_count++;
      }
    }
  }

  uint32_t opnum_default_jmp = 0;
  if (!uses_jumptable) {
    opnum_default_jmp = zend_emit_jump(0);
  }

  bool is_first_case = true;
  uint32_t cond_count = 0;
  uint32_t *jmp_end_opnums = safe_emalloc(sizeof(uint32_t), arms->children, 0);

  // The generated default arm is emitted first to avoid live range issues where the tmpvar
  // for the arm result is freed even though it has not been initialized yet.
  if (!has_default_arm) {
    if (!uses_jumptable) {
      zend_update_jump_target_to_next(opnum_default_jmp);
    }

    if (jumptable) {
      zend_op *opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_match];
      opline->extended_value = get_next_op_number();
    }

    zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_MATCH_ERROR, &expr_node, NULL);
    if (opline->op1_type == IS_CONST) {
      Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op1));
    }
    if (arms->children == 0) {
      /* Mark this as an "expression throw" for opcache. */
      opline->extended_value = ZEND_THROW_IS_EXPR;
    }
  }

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < arms->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *arm_ast = arms->child[i];
    zend_ast *body_ast = arm_ast->child[1];

    if (arm_ast->child[0] != NULL) {
      zend_ast_list *conds = zend_ast_get_list(arm_ast->child[0]);

      for (uint32_t j = 0; j < conds->children; j++) {
        zend_ast *cond_ast = conds->child[j];

        if (jmpnz_opnums != NULL) {
          zend_update_jump_target_to_next(jmpnz_opnums[cond_count]);
        }

        if (jumptable) {
          zval *cond_zv = zend_ast_get_zval(cond_ast);
          zval jmp_target;
          ZVAL_LONG(&jmp_target, get_next_op_number());

          if (Z_TYPE_P(cond_zv) == IS_LONG) {
            zend_hash_index_add(jumptable, Z_LVAL_P(cond_zv), &jmp_target);
          } else {
            ZEND_ASSERT(Z_TYPE_P(cond_zv) == IS_STRING);
            zend_hash_add(jumptable, Z_STR_P(cond_zv), &jmp_target);
          }
        }

        cond_count++;
      }
    } else {
      if (!uses_jumptable) {
        zend_update_jump_target_to_next(opnum_default_jmp);
      }

      if (jumptable) {
        ZEND_ASSERT(opnum_match != (uint32_t)-1);
        zend_op *opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_match];
        opline->extended_value = get_next_op_number();
      }
    }

    znode body_node;
    zend_compile_expr(&body_node, body_ast);

    if (is_first_case) {
      zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &body_node, NULL);
      is_first_case = false;
    } else {
      zend_op *opline_qm_assign = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &body_node, NULL);
      SET_NODE(opline_qm_assign->result, result);
    }

    jmp_end_opnums[i] = zend_emit_jump(0);
  }

  // Initialize result in case there is no arm
  if (arms->children == 0) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_NULL(&result->u.constant);
  }

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < arms->children; ++i) {
    zend_update_jump_target_to_next(jmp_end_opnums[i]);
  }

  if (expr_node.op_type & (IS_VAR|IS_TMP_VAR)) {
    zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FREE, &expr_node, NULL);
    opline->extended_value = ZEND_FREE_SWITCH;
  } else if (expr_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&expr_node.u.constant);
  }

  if (jmpnz_opnums != NULL) {
    efree(jmpnz_opnums);
  }
  efree(jmp_end_opnums);
}

static void zend_compile_try(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *try_ast = ast->child[0];
  const zend_ast_list *catches = zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[1]);
  zend_ast *finally_ast = ast->child[2];

  uint32_t i, j;
  zend_op *opline;
  uint32_t try_catch_offset;
  uint32_t *jmp_opnums = safe_emalloc(sizeof(uint32_t), catches->children, 0);
  uint32_t orig_fast_call_var = CG(context).fast_call_var;
  uint32_t orig_try_catch_offset = CG(context).try_catch_offset;

  if (catches->children == 0 && !finally_ast) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use try without catch or finally");
  }

  /* label: try { } must not be equal to try { label: } */
  if (CG(context).labels) {
    zend_label *label;
    ZEND_HASH_MAP_REVERSE_FOREACH_PTR(CG(context).labels, label) {
      if (label->opline_num == get_next_op_number()) {
        zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_NOP, NULL, NULL);
      }
      break;
    } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
  }

  try_catch_offset = zend_add_try_element(get_next_op_number());

  if (finally_ast) {
    zend_loop_var fast_call;
    if (!(CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_HAS_FINALLY_BLOCK)) {
      CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_HAS_FINALLY_BLOCK;
    }
    CG(context).fast_call_var = get_temporary_variable();

    /* Push FAST_CALL on unwind stack */
    fast_call.opcode = ZEND_FAST_CALL;
    fast_call.var_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    fast_call.var_num = CG(context).fast_call_var;
    fast_call.try_catch_offset = try_catch_offset;
    zend_stack_push(&CG(loop_var_stack), &fast_call);
  }

  CG(context).try_catch_offset = try_catch_offset;

  zend_compile_stmt(try_ast);

  if (catches->children != 0) {
    jmp_opnums[0] = zend_emit_jump(0);
  }

  for (i = 0; i < catches->children; ++i) {
    const zend_ast *catch_ast = catches->child[i];
    const zend_ast_list *classes = zend_ast_get_list(catch_ast->child[0]);
    zend_ast *var_ast = catch_ast->child[1];
    zend_ast *stmt_ast = catch_ast->child[2];
    zend_string *var_name = var_ast ? zval_make_interned_string(zend_ast_get_zval(var_ast)) : NULL;
    bool is_last_catch = (i + 1 == catches->children);

    uint32_t *jmp_multicatch = safe_emalloc(sizeof(uint32_t), classes->children - 1, 0);
    uint32_t opnum_catch = (uint32_t)-1;

    CG(zend_lineno) = catch_ast->lineno;

    for (j = 0; j < classes->children; j++) {
      zend_ast *class_ast = classes->child[j];
      bool is_last_class = (j + 1 == classes->children);

      if (!zend_is_const_default_class_ref(class_ast)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Bad class name in the catch statement");
      }

      opnum_catch = get_next_op_number();
      if (i == 0 && j == 0) {
        CG(active_op_array)->try_catch_array[try_catch_offset].catch_op = opnum_catch;
      }

      opline = get_next_op();
      opline->opcode = ZEND_CATCH;
      opline->op1_type = IS_CONST;
      opline->op1.constant = zend_add_class_name_literal(
          zend_resolve_class_name_ast(class_ast));
      opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slot();

      if (var_name && zend_string_equals(var_name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_THIS))) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot re-assign $this");
      }

      opline->result_type = var_name ? IS_CV : IS_UNUSED;
      opline->result.var = var_name ? lookup_cv(var_name) : -1;

      if (is_last_catch && is_last_class) {
        opline->extended_value |= ZEND_LAST_CATCH;
      }

      if (!is_last_class) {
        jmp_multicatch[j] = zend_emit_jump(0);
        opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_catch];
        opline->op2.opline_num = get_next_op_number();
      }
    }

    for (j = 0; j < classes->children - 1; j++) {
      zend_update_jump_target_to_next(jmp_multicatch[j]);
    }

    efree(jmp_multicatch);

    zend_compile_stmt(stmt_ast);

    if (!is_last_catch) {
      jmp_opnums[i + 1] = zend_emit_jump(0);
    }

    ZEND_ASSERT(opnum_catch != (uint32_t)-1 && "Should have at least one class");
    opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_catch];
    if (!is_last_catch) {
      opline->op2.opline_num = get_next_op_number();
    }
  }

  for (i = 0; i < catches->children; ++i) {
    zend_update_jump_target_to_next(jmp_opnums[i]);
  }

  if (finally_ast) {
    zend_loop_var discard_exception;
    uint32_t opnum_jmp = get_next_op_number() + 1;

    /* Pop FAST_CALL from unwind stack */
    zend_stack_del_top(&CG(loop_var_stack));

    /* Push DISCARD_EXCEPTION on unwind stack */
    discard_exception.opcode = ZEND_DISCARD_EXCEPTION;
    discard_exception.var_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    discard_exception.var_num = CG(context).fast_call_var;
    zend_stack_push(&CG(loop_var_stack), &discard_exception);

    CG(zend_lineno) = finally_ast->lineno;

    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FAST_CALL, NULL, NULL);
    opline->op1.num = try_catch_offset;
    opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    opline->result.var = CG(context).fast_call_var;

    zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_JMP, NULL, NULL);

    bool orig_in_finally = CG(context).in_finally;
    CG(context).in_finally = true;
    zend_compile_stmt(finally_ast);
    CG(context).in_finally = orig_in_finally;

    CG(active_op_array)->try_catch_array[try_catch_offset].finally_op = opnum_jmp + 1;
    CG(active_op_array)->try_catch_array[try_catch_offset].finally_end
      = get_next_op_number();

    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FAST_RET, NULL, NULL);
    opline->op1_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    opline->op1.var = CG(context).fast_call_var;
    opline->op2.num = orig_try_catch_offset;

    zend_update_jump_target_to_next(opnum_jmp);

    CG(context).fast_call_var = orig_fast_call_var;

    /* Pop DISCARD_EXCEPTION from unwind stack */
    zend_stack_del_top(&CG(loop_var_stack));
  }

  CG(context).try_catch_offset = orig_try_catch_offset;

  efree(jmp_opnums);
}
/* }}} */

/* Encoding declarations must already be handled during parsing */
bool zend_handle_encoding_declaration(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_list *declares = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  uint32_t i;
  for (i = 0; i < declares->children; ++i) {
    const zend_ast *declare_ast = declares->child[i];
    zend_ast *name_ast = declare_ast->child[0];
    zend_ast *value_ast = declare_ast->child[1];
    const zend_string *name = zend_ast_get_str(name_ast);

    if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "encoding")) {
      if (value_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        zend_throw_exception(zend_ce_compile_error, "Encoding must be a literal", 0);
        return false;
      }

      if (CG(multibyte)) {
        zend_string *encoding_name = zval_get_string(zend_ast_get_zval(value_ast));

        const zend_encoding *new_encoding, *old_encoding;
        zend_encoding_filter old_input_filter;

        CG(encoding_declared) = 1;

        new_encoding = zend_multibyte_fetch_encoding(ZSTR_VAL(encoding_name));
        if (!new_encoding) {
          zend_error(E_COMPILE_WARNING, "Unsupported encoding [%s]", ZSTR_VAL(encoding_name));
        } else {
          old_input_filter = LANG_SCNG(input_filter);
          old_encoding = LANG_SCNG(script_encoding);
          zend_multibyte_set_filter(new_encoding);

          /* need to re-scan if input filter changed */
          if (old_input_filter != LANG_SCNG(input_filter) ||
             (old_input_filter && new_encoding != old_encoding)) {
            zend_multibyte_yyinput_again(old_input_filter, old_encoding);
          }
        }

        zend_string_release_ex(encoding_name, 0);
      } else {
        zend_error(E_COMPILE_WARNING, "declare(encoding=...) ignored because "
          "Zend multibyte feature is turned off by settings");
      }
    }
  }

  return true;
}
/* }}} */

/* Check whether this is the first statement, not counting declares. */
static zend_result zend_is_first_statement(const zend_ast *ast, bool allow_nop) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t i = 0;
  const zend_ast_list *file_ast = zend_ast_get_list(CG(ast));

  while (i < file_ast->children) {
    if (file_ast->child[i] == ast) {
      return SUCCESS;
    } else if (file_ast->child[i] == NULL) {
      if (!allow_nop) {
        return FAILURE;
      }
    } else if (file_ast->child[i]->kind != ZEND_AST_DECLARE) {
      return FAILURE;
    }
    i++;
  }
  return FAILURE;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_declare(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_list *declares = zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[0]);
  zend_ast *stmt_ast = ast->child[1];
  zend_declarables orig_declarables = FC(declarables);
  uint32_t i;

  for (i = 0; i < declares->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *declare_ast = declares->child[i];
    zend_ast *name_ast = declare_ast->child[0];
    zend_ast **value_ast_ptr = &declare_ast->child[1];
    zend_string *name = zend_ast_get_str(name_ast);

    if ((*value_ast_ptr)->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "declare(%s) value must be a literal", ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }

    if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "ticks")) {
      zval value_zv;
      zend_const_expr_to_zval(&value_zv, value_ast_ptr, /* allow_dynamic */ false);
      FC(declarables).ticks = zval_get_long(&value_zv);
      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&value_zv);
    } else if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "encoding")) {

      if (FAILURE == zend_is_first_statement(ast, /* allow_nop */ false)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Encoding declaration pragma must be "
          "the very first statement in the script");
      }
    } else if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "strict_types")) {
      zval value_zv;

      if (FAILURE == zend_is_first_statement(ast, /* allow_nop */ true)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "strict_types declaration must be "
          "the very first statement in the script");
      }

      if (ast->child[1] != NULL) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "strict_types declaration must not "
          "use block mode");
      }

      zend_const_expr_to_zval(&value_zv, value_ast_ptr, /* allow_dynamic */ false);

      if (Z_TYPE(value_zv) != IS_LONG || (Z_LVAL(value_zv) != 0 && Z_LVAL(value_zv) != 1)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "strict_types declaration must have 0 or 1 as its value");
      }

      if (Z_LVAL(value_zv) == 1) {
        CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_STRICT_TYPES;
      }

    } else {
      zend_error(E_COMPILE_WARNING, "Unsupported declare '%s'", ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }
  }

  if (stmt_ast) {
    zend_compile_stmt(stmt_ast);

    FC(declarables) = orig_declarables;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_stmt_list(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  uint32_t i;
  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    zend_compile_stmt(list->child[i]);
  }
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API void zend_set_function_arg_flags(zend_function *func) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t i, n;

  func->common.arg_flags[0] = 0;
  func->common.arg_flags[1] = 0;
  func->common.arg_flags[2] = 0;
  if (func->common.arg_info) {
    n = MIN(func->common.num_args, MAX_ARG_FLAG_NUM);
    i = 0;
    while (i < n) {
      ZEND_SET_ARG_FLAG(func, i + 1, ZEND_ARG_SEND_MODE(&func->common.arg_info[i]));
      i++;
    }
    if (UNEXPECTED((func->common.fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_VARIADIC) && ZEND_ARG_SEND_MODE(&func->common.arg_info[i]))) {
      uint32_t pass_by_reference = ZEND_ARG_SEND_MODE(&func->common.arg_info[i]);
      while (i < MAX_ARG_FLAG_NUM) {
        ZEND_SET_ARG_FLAG(func, i + 1, pass_by_reference);
        i++;
      }
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

static zend_type zend_compile_single_typename(zend_ast *ast)
{
  ZEND_ASSERT(!(ast->attr & ZEND_TYPE_NULLABLE));
  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_TYPE) {
    if (ast->attr == IS_STATIC && !CG(active_class_entry) && zend_is_scope_known()) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "Cannot use \"static\" when no class scope is active");
    }

    return (zend_type) ZEND_TYPE_INIT_CODE(ast->attr, 0, 0);
  } else {
    zend_string *type_name = zend_ast_get_str(ast);
    uint8_t type_code = zend_lookup_builtin_type_by_name(type_name);

    if (type_code != 0) {
      if ((ast->attr & ZEND_NAME_NOT_FQ) != ZEND_NAME_NOT_FQ) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Type declaration '%s' must be unqualified",
          ZSTR_VAL(zend_string_tolower(type_name)));
      }

      ZEND_ASSERT(type_code != IS_STATIC && type_code != IS_ARRAY && type_code != IS_CALLABLE
        && "unqualified array/callable/static type should have been handled by ZEND_AST_TYPE branch");

      /* Transform iterable into a type union alias */
      if (type_code == IS_ITERABLE) {
        /* Set iterable bit for BC compat during Reflection and string representation of type */
        zend_type iterable = (zend_type) ZEND_TYPE_INIT_CLASS_MASK(ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_TRAVERSABLE),
                  (MAY_BE_ARRAY|_ZEND_TYPE_ITERABLE_BIT));
        return iterable;
      }

      return (zend_type) ZEND_TYPE_INIT_CODE(type_code, 0, 0);
    } else {
      const char *correct_name;
      uint32_t fetch_type = zend_get_class_fetch_type_ast(ast);
      zend_string *class_name = type_name;

      if (fetch_type == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT) {
        class_name = zend_resolve_class_name_ast(ast);
        zend_assert_valid_class_name(class_name, "a type name");
      } else {
        ZEND_ASSERT(fetch_type == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SELF || fetch_type == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_PARENT);

        zend_ensure_valid_class_fetch_type(fetch_type);

        bool substitute_self_parent = zend_is_scope_known()
          && !(CG(active_class_entry)->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_ANON_CLASS);

        if (fetch_type == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SELF) {
          /* Scope might be unknown for unbound closures and traits */
          if (substitute_self_parent) {
            class_name = CG(active_class_entry)->name;
            ZEND_ASSERT(class_name && "must know class name when resolving self type at compile time");
          }
        } else {
          ZEND_ASSERT(fetch_type == ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_PARENT);
          /* Scope might be unknown for unbound closures and traits */
          if (substitute_self_parent) {
            class_name = CG(active_class_entry)->parent_name;
            ZEND_ASSERT(class_name && "must know class name when resolving parent type at compile time");
          }
        }
        zend_string_addref(class_name);
      }

      if (ast->attr == ZEND_NAME_NOT_FQ
          && zend_is_confusable_type(type_name, &correct_name)
          && zend_is_not_imported(type_name)) {
        const char *extra =
          FC(current_namespace) ? " or import the class with \"use\"" : "";
        if (correct_name) {
          zend_error(E_COMPILE_WARNING,
            "\"%s\" will be interpreted as a class name. Did you mean \"%s\"? "
            "Write \"\\%s\"%s to suppress this warning",
            ZSTR_VAL(type_name), correct_name, ZSTR_VAL(class_name), extra);
        } else {
          zend_error(E_COMPILE_WARNING,
            "\"%s\" is not a supported builtin type "
            "and will be interpreted as a class name. "
            "Write \"\\%s\"%s to suppress this warning",
            ZSTR_VAL(type_name), ZSTR_VAL(class_name), extra);
        }
      }

      class_name = zend_new_interned_string(class_name);
      zend_alloc_ce_cache(class_name);
      return (zend_type) ZEND_TYPE_INIT_CLASS(class_name, /* allow null */ false, 0);
    }
  }
}

static void zend_are_intersection_types_redundant(const zend_type left_type, const zend_type right_type)
{
  ZEND_ASSERT(ZEND_TYPE_IS_INTERSECTION(left_type));
  ZEND_ASSERT(ZEND_TYPE_IS_INTERSECTION(right_type));
  const zend_type_list *l_type_list = ZEND_TYPE_LIST(left_type);
  const zend_type_list *r_type_list = ZEND_TYPE_LIST(right_type);
  const zend_type_list *smaller_type_list, *larger_type_list;
  bool flipped = false;

  if (r_type_list->num_types < l_type_list->num_types) {
    smaller_type_list = r_type_list;
    larger_type_list = l_type_list;
    flipped = true;
  } else {
    smaller_type_list = l_type_list;
    larger_type_list = r_type_list;
  }

  unsigned int sum = 0;
  const zend_type *outer_type;
  ZEND_TYPE_LIST_FOREACH(smaller_type_list, outer_type) {
    const zend_type *inner_type;
    ZEND_TYPE_LIST_FOREACH(larger_type_list, inner_type) {
      if (zend_string_equals_ci(ZEND_TYPE_NAME(*inner_type), ZEND_TYPE_NAME(*outer_type))) {
        sum++;
        break;
      }
    } ZEND_TYPE_LIST_FOREACH_END();
  } ZEND_TYPE_LIST_FOREACH_END();

  if (sum == smaller_type_list->num_types) {
    zend_string *smaller_type_str;
    zend_string *larger_type_str;
    if (flipped) {
      smaller_type_str = zend_type_to_string(right_type);
      larger_type_str = zend_type_to_string(left_type);
    } else {
      smaller_type_str = zend_type_to_string(left_type);
      larger_type_str = zend_type_to_string(right_type);
    }
    if (smaller_type_list->num_types == larger_type_list->num_types) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Type %s is redundant with type %s",
        ZSTR_VAL(smaller_type_str), ZSTR_VAL(larger_type_str));
    } else {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Type %s is redundant as it is more restrictive than type %s",
        ZSTR_VAL(larger_type_str), ZSTR_VAL(smaller_type_str));
    }
  }
}

static void zend_is_intersection_type_redundant_by_single_type(const zend_type intersection_type, const zend_type single_type)
{
  ZEND_ASSERT(ZEND_TYPE_IS_INTERSECTION(intersection_type));
  ZEND_ASSERT(!ZEND_TYPE_IS_INTERSECTION(single_type));

  const zend_type *single_intersection_type = NULL;
  ZEND_TYPE_FOREACH(intersection_type, single_intersection_type) {
    if (zend_string_equals_ci(ZEND_TYPE_NAME(*single_intersection_type), ZEND_TYPE_NAME(single_type))) {
      zend_string *single_type_str = zend_type_to_string(single_type);
      zend_string *complete_type = zend_type_to_string(intersection_type);
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Type %s is redundant as it is more restrictive than type %s",
          ZSTR_VAL(complete_type), ZSTR_VAL(single_type_str));
    }
  } ZEND_TYPE_FOREACH_END();
}

/* Used by both intersection and union types prior to transforming the type list to a full zend_type */
static void zend_is_type_list_redundant_by_single_type(const zend_type_list *type_list, const zend_type type)
{
  ZEND_ASSERT(!ZEND_TYPE_IS_INTERSECTION(type));
  for (size_t i = 0; i < type_list->num_types - 1; i++) {
    if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_INTERSECTION(type_list->types[i])) {
      zend_is_intersection_type_redundant_by_single_type(type_list->types[i], type);
      continue;
    }
    if (zend_string_equals_ci(ZEND_TYPE_NAME(type_list->types[i]), ZEND_TYPE_NAME(type))) {
      zend_string *single_type_str = zend_type_to_string(type);
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Duplicate type %s is redundant", ZSTR_VAL(single_type_str));
    }
  }
}

static zend_type zend_compile_typename(zend_ast *ast);

static zend_type zend_compile_typename_ex(
    zend_ast *ast, bool force_allow_null, bool *forced_allow_null) /* {{{ */
{
  bool is_marked_nullable = ast->attr & ZEND_TYPE_NULLABLE;
  zend_ast_attr orig_ast_attr = ast->attr;
  zend_type type = ZEND_TYPE_INIT_NONE(0);

  if (is_marked_nullable) {
    ast->attr &= ~ZEND_TYPE_NULLABLE;
  }

  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_TYPE_UNION) {
    const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
    zend_type_list *type_list;
    bool is_composite = false;
    bool has_only_iterable_class = true;
    ALLOCA_FLAG(use_heap)

    type_list = do_alloca(ZEND_TYPE_LIST_SIZE(list->children), use_heap);
    type_list->num_types = 0;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
      zend_ast *type_ast = list->child[i];
      zend_type single_type;
      uint32_t type_mask = ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type);

      if (type_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_TYPE_INTERSECTION) {
        has_only_iterable_class = false;
        is_composite = true;
        /* The first class type can be stored directly as the type ptr payload. */
        if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_COMPLEX(type) && !ZEND_TYPE_HAS_LIST(type)) {
          /* Switch from single name to name list. */
          type_list->num_types = 1;
          type_list->types[0] = type;
          /* Clear MAY_BE_* type flags */
          ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type_list->types[0]) &= ~_ZEND_TYPE_MAY_BE_MASK;
        }
        /* Mark type as list type */
        ZEND_TYPE_SET_LIST(type, type_list);

        single_type = zend_compile_typename(type_ast);
        ZEND_ASSERT(ZEND_TYPE_IS_INTERSECTION(single_type));

        type_list->types[type_list->num_types++] = single_type;

        /* Check for trivially redundant class types */
        for (size_t i = 0; i < type_list->num_types - 1; i++) {
          if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_INTERSECTION(type_list->types[i])) {
            zend_are_intersection_types_redundant(single_type, type_list->types[i]);
            continue;
          }
          /* Type from type list is a simple type */
          zend_is_intersection_type_redundant_by_single_type(single_type, type_list->types[i]);
        }
        continue;
      }

      single_type = zend_compile_single_typename(type_ast);
      uint32_t single_type_mask = ZEND_TYPE_PURE_MASK(single_type);

      if (single_type_mask == MAY_BE_ANY) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Type mixed can only be used as a standalone type");
      }
      if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_COMPLEX(single_type) && !ZEND_TYPE_IS_ITERABLE_FALLBACK(single_type)) {
        has_only_iterable_class = false;
      }

      uint32_t type_mask_overlap = ZEND_TYPE_PURE_MASK(type) & single_type_mask;
      if (type_mask_overlap) {
        zend_type overlap_type = ZEND_TYPE_INIT_MASK(type_mask_overlap);
        zend_string *overlap_type_str = zend_type_to_string(overlap_type);
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Duplicate type %s is redundant", ZSTR_VAL(overlap_type_str));
      }

      if ( ((type_mask & MAY_BE_TRUE) && (single_type_mask == MAY_BE_FALSE))
          || ((type_mask & MAY_BE_FALSE) && (single_type_mask == MAY_BE_TRUE)) ) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Type contains both true and false, bool must be used instead");
      }
      ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type) |= ZEND_TYPE_PURE_MASK(single_type);
      /* Clear MAY_BE_* type flags */
      ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(single_type) &= ~_ZEND_TYPE_MAY_BE_MASK;

      if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_COMPLEX(single_type)) {
        if (!ZEND_TYPE_IS_COMPLEX(type) && !is_composite) {
          /* The first class type can be stored directly as the type ptr payload. */
          ZEND_TYPE_SET_PTR(type, ZEND_TYPE_NAME(single_type));
          ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type) |= _ZEND_TYPE_NAME_BIT;
        } else {
          if (type_list->num_types == 0) {
            /* Switch from single name to name list. */
            type_list->num_types = 1;
            type_list->types[0] = type;
            /* Clear MAY_BE_* type flags */
            ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type_list->types[0]) &= ~_ZEND_TYPE_MAY_BE_MASK;
            ZEND_TYPE_SET_LIST(type, type_list);
          }

          type_list->types[type_list->num_types++] = single_type;

          /* Check for trivially redundant class types */
          zend_is_type_list_redundant_by_single_type(type_list, single_type);
        }
      }
    }

    if (type_list->num_types) {
      zend_type_list *list = zend_arena_alloc(
        &CG(arena), ZEND_TYPE_LIST_SIZE(type_list->num_types));
      memcpy(list, type_list, ZEND_TYPE_LIST_SIZE(type_list->num_types));
      ZEND_TYPE_SET_LIST(type, list);
      ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type) |= _ZEND_TYPE_ARENA_BIT;
      /* Inform that the type list is a union type */
      ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type) |= _ZEND_TYPE_UNION_BIT;
    }

    free_alloca(type_list, use_heap);

    uint32_t type_mask = ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type);
    if ((type_mask & MAY_BE_OBJECT) &&
        ((!has_only_iterable_class && ZEND_TYPE_IS_COMPLEX(type)) || (type_mask & MAY_BE_STATIC))) {
      zend_string *type_str = zend_type_to_string(type);
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "Type %s contains both object and a class type, which is redundant",
        ZSTR_VAL(type_str));
    }
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_TYPE_INTERSECTION) {
    const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
    zend_type_list *type_list;

    /* Allocate the type list directly on the arena as it must be a type
     * list of the same number of elements as the AST list has children */
    type_list = zend_arena_alloc(&CG(arena), ZEND_TYPE_LIST_SIZE(list->children));
    type_list->num_types = 0;

    ZEND_ASSERT(list->children > 1);

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
      zend_ast *type_ast = list->child[i];
      zend_type single_type = zend_compile_single_typename(type_ast);

      /* An intersection of union types cannot exist so invalidate it
       * Currently only can happen with iterable getting canonicalized to Traversable|array */
      if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_ITERABLE_FALLBACK(single_type)) {
        zend_string *standard_type_str = zend_type_to_string(single_type);
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Type %s cannot be part of an intersection type", ZSTR_VAL(standard_type_str));
      }
      /* An intersection of standard types cannot exist so invalidate it */
      if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_ONLY_MASK(single_type)) {
        zend_string *standard_type_str = zend_type_to_string(single_type);
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Type %s cannot be part of an intersection type", ZSTR_VAL(standard_type_str));
      }
      /* Check for "self" and "parent" too */
      if (
        zend_string_equals_ci(ZEND_TYPE_NAME(single_type), ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_SELF))
        || zend_string_equals_ci(ZEND_TYPE_NAME(single_type), ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_PARENT))
      ) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Type %s cannot be part of an intersection type", ZSTR_VAL(ZEND_TYPE_NAME(single_type)));
      }

      /* Add type to the type list */
      type_list->types[type_list->num_types++] = single_type;

      /* Check for trivially redundant class types */
      zend_is_type_list_redundant_by_single_type(type_list, single_type);
    }

    ZEND_ASSERT(list->children == type_list->num_types);

    /* An implicitly nullable intersection type needs to be converted to a DNF type */
    if (force_allow_null) {
      zend_type intersection_type = ZEND_TYPE_INIT_NONE(0);
      ZEND_TYPE_SET_LIST(intersection_type, type_list);
      ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(intersection_type) |= _ZEND_TYPE_INTERSECTION_BIT;
      ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(intersection_type) |= _ZEND_TYPE_ARENA_BIT;

      zend_type_list *dnf_type_list = zend_arena_alloc(&CG(arena), ZEND_TYPE_LIST_SIZE(1));
      dnf_type_list->num_types = 1;
      dnf_type_list->types[0] = intersection_type;
      ZEND_TYPE_SET_LIST(type, dnf_type_list);
      /* Inform that the type list is a DNF type */
      ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type) |= _ZEND_TYPE_UNION_BIT;
      ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type) |= _ZEND_TYPE_ARENA_BIT;
    } else {
      ZEND_TYPE_SET_LIST(type, type_list);
      /* Inform that the type list is an intersection type */
      ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type) |= _ZEND_TYPE_INTERSECTION_BIT;
      ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type) |= _ZEND_TYPE_ARENA_BIT;
    }
  } else {
    type = zend_compile_single_typename(ast);
  }

  uint32_t type_mask = ZEND_TYPE_PURE_MASK(type);

  if (type_mask == MAY_BE_ANY && is_marked_nullable) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Type mixed cannot be marked as nullable since mixed already includes null");
  }

  if ((type_mask & MAY_BE_NULL) && is_marked_nullable) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "null cannot be marked as nullable");
  }

  if (force_allow_null && !is_marked_nullable && !(type_mask & MAY_BE_NULL)) {
    *forced_allow_null = true;
  }

  if (is_marked_nullable || force_allow_null) {
    ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type) |= MAY_BE_NULL;
    type_mask = ZEND_TYPE_PURE_MASK(type);
  }

  if ((type_mask & MAY_BE_VOID) && (ZEND_TYPE_IS_COMPLEX(type) || type_mask != MAY_BE_VOID)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Void can only be used as a standalone type");
  }

  if ((type_mask & MAY_BE_NEVER) && (ZEND_TYPE_IS_COMPLEX(type) || type_mask != MAY_BE_NEVER)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "never can only be used as a standalone type");
  }

  ast->attr = orig_ast_attr;
  return type;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_type zend_compile_typename(zend_ast *ast)
{
  bool forced_allow_null;
  return zend_compile_typename_ex(ast, false, &forced_allow_null);
}

/* May convert value from int to float. */
static bool zend_is_valid_default_value(zend_type type, zval *value)
{
  ZEND_ASSERT(ZEND_TYPE_IS_SET(type));
  if (ZEND_TYPE_CONTAINS_CODE(type, Z_TYPE_P(value))) {
    return true;
  }
  if ((ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type) & MAY_BE_DOUBLE) && Z_TYPE_P(value) == IS_LONG) {
    /* Integers are allowed as initializers for floating-point values. */
    convert_to_double(value);
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

static void zend_compile_attributes(
  HashTable **attributes, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t offset, uint32_t target, uint32_t promoted
) /* {{{ */ {
  zend_attribute *attr;
  zend_internal_attribute *config;

  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  uint32_t g, i, j;

  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ATTRIBUTE_LIST);

  for (g = 0; g < list->children; g++) {
    const zend_ast_list *group = zend_ast_get_list(list->child[g]);

    ZEND_ASSERT(group->kind == ZEND_AST_ATTRIBUTE_GROUP);

    for (i = 0; i < group->children; i++) {
      ZEND_ASSERT(group->child[i]->kind == ZEND_AST_ATTRIBUTE);

      const zend_ast *el = group->child[i];

      if (el->child[1] &&
          el->child[1]->kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT) {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
              "Cannot create Closure as attribute argument");
      }

      zend_string *name = zend_resolve_class_name_ast(el->child[0]);
      zend_string *lcname = zend_string_tolower_ex(name, false);
      zend_ast_list *args = el->child[1] ? zend_ast_get_list(el->child[1]) : NULL;

      config = zend_internal_attribute_get(lcname);
      zend_string_release(lcname);

      /* Exclude internal attributes that do not match on promoted properties. */
      if (config && !(target & (config->flags & ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_ALL))) {
        if (promoted & (config->flags & ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_ALL)) {
          zend_string_release(name);
          continue;
        }
      }

      uint32_t flags = (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_STRICT_TYPES)
        ? ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_STRICT_TYPES : 0;
      attr = zend_add_attribute(
        attributes, name, args ? args->children : 0, flags, offset, el->lineno);
      zend_string_release(name);

      /* Populate arguments */
      if (args) {
        ZEND_ASSERT(args->kind == ZEND_AST_ARG_LIST);

        bool uses_named_args = false;
        for (j = 0; j < args->children; j++) {
          zend_ast **arg_ast_ptr = &args->child[j];
          zend_ast *arg_ast = *arg_ast_ptr;

          if (arg_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_UNPACK) {
            zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
              "Cannot use unpacking in attribute argument list");
          }

          if (arg_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG) {
            attr->args[j].name = zend_string_copy(zend_ast_get_str(arg_ast->child[0]));
            arg_ast_ptr = &arg_ast->child[1];
            uses_named_args = true;

            for (uint32_t k = 0; k < j; k++) {
              if (attr->args[k].name &&
                  zend_string_equals(attr->args[k].name, attr->args[j].name)) {
                zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Duplicate named parameter $%s",
                  ZSTR_VAL(attr->args[j].name));
              }
            }
          } else if (uses_named_args) {
            zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
              "Cannot use positional argument after named argument");
          }

          zend_const_expr_to_zval(
            &attr->args[j].value, arg_ast_ptr, /* allow_dynamic */ true);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if (*attributes != NULL) {
    /* Allow delaying target validation for forward compatibility. */
    const zend_attribute *delayed_target_validation = NULL;
    if (target == ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_PARAMETER) {
      ZEND_ASSERT(offset >= 1);
      /* zend_get_parameter_attribute_str will add 1 too */
      delayed_target_validation = zend_get_parameter_attribute_str(
        *attributes,
        "delayedtargetvalidation",
        strlen("delayedtargetvalidation"),
        offset - 1
      );
    } else {
      delayed_target_validation = zend_get_attribute_str(
        *attributes,
        "delayedtargetvalidation",
        strlen("delayedtargetvalidation")
      );
    }
    /* Validate attributes in a secondary loop (needed to detect repeated attributes). */
    ZEND_HASH_PACKED_FOREACH_PTR(*attributes, attr) {
      if (attr->offset != offset || NULL == (config = zend_internal_attribute_get(attr->lcname))) {
        continue;
      }

      bool run_validator = true;
      if (!(target & (config->flags & ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_ALL))) {
        if (delayed_target_validation == NULL) {
          zend_string *location = zend_get_attribute_target_names(target);
          zend_string *allowed = zend_get_attribute_target_names(config->flags);

          zend_error_noreturn(E_ERROR, "Attribute \"%s\" cannot target %s (allowed targets: %s)",
            ZSTR_VAL(attr->name), ZSTR_VAL(location), ZSTR_VAL(allowed)
          );
        }
        run_validator = false;
      }

      if (!(config->flags & ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_IS_REPEATABLE)) {
        if (zend_is_attribute_repeated(*attributes, attr)) {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_ERROR, "Attribute \"%s\" must not be repeated", ZSTR_VAL(attr->name));
        }
      }

      /* Validators are not run if the target is already invalid */
      if (run_validator && config->validator != NULL) {
        zend_string *error = config->validator(attr, target, CG(active_class_entry));
        if (error != NULL) {
          if (delayed_target_validation == NULL) {
            zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "%s", ZSTR_VAL(error));
          } else {
            attr->validation_error = error;
          }
        }
      }
    } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_property_hooks(
    zend_property_info *prop_info, zend_string *prop_name,
    zend_ast *prop_type_ast, const zend_ast_list *hooks);

typedef struct {
  const zend_string *property_name;
  bool uses_property;
} find_property_usage_context;

static void zend_property_hook_find_property_usage(zend_ast **ast_ptr, void *_context) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *ast = *ast_ptr;
  find_property_usage_context *context = (find_property_usage_context *) _context;

  if (ast == NULL) {
    return;
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PROP || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP) {
    const zend_ast *object_ast = ast->child[0];
    zend_ast *property_ast = ast->child[1];

    if (object_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_VAR
     && object_ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL
     && property_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
      const zval *object = zend_ast_get_zval(object_ast->child[0]);
      const zval *property = zend_ast_get_zval(property_ast);
      if (Z_TYPE_P(object) == IS_STRING
        && Z_TYPE_P(property) == IS_STRING
        && zend_string_equals_literal(Z_STR_P(object), "this")
        && zend_string_equals(Z_STR_P(property), context->property_name)) {
        context->uses_property = true;
        /* No need to look for references in this branch. */
        return;
      }
    }
  }

  /* Don't search across function/class boundaries. */
  if (!zend_ast_is_special(ast)) {
    zend_ast_apply(ast, zend_property_hook_find_property_usage, context);
  }
}

static bool zend_property_hook_uses_property(const zend_string *property_name, const zend_string *hook_name, zend_ast *hook_ast)
{
  if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(hook_name, "set")
   && hook_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PROPERTY_HOOK_SHORT_BODY) {
    return true;
  }

  find_property_usage_context context = { property_name, false };
  zend_property_hook_find_property_usage(&hook_ast, &context);
  return context.uses_property;
}

static bool zend_property_is_virtual(const zend_class_entry *ce, const zend_string *property_name, zend_ast *hooks_ast)
{
  if (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_INTERFACE) {
    return true;
  }
  if (!hooks_ast) {
    return false;
  }

  bool is_virtual = true;

  const zend_ast_list *hooks = zend_ast_get_list(hooks_ast);
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < hooks->children; i++) {
    const zend_ast_decl *hook = (const zend_ast_decl *) hooks->child[i];
    zend_ast *body = hook->child[2];
    if (body && zend_property_hook_uses_property(property_name, hook->name, body)) {
      is_virtual = false;
    }
  }

  return is_virtual;
}

static void zend_compile_params(zend_ast *ast, zend_ast *return_type_ast, uint32_t fallback_return_type) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  uint32_t i;
  zend_op_array *op_array = CG(active_op_array);
  zend_arg_info *arg_infos;

  if (return_type_ast || fallback_return_type) {
    /* Use op_array->arg_info[-1] for return type */
    arg_infos = safe_emalloc(sizeof(zend_arg_info), list->children + 1, 0);
    arg_infos->name = NULL;
    if (return_type_ast) {
      arg_infos->type = zend_compile_typename(return_type_ast);
      ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(arg_infos->type) |= _ZEND_ARG_INFO_FLAGS(
        (op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_RETURN_REFERENCE) != 0, /* is_variadic */ 0, /* is_tentative */ 0);
    } else {
      arg_infos->type = (zend_type) ZEND_TYPE_INIT_CODE(fallback_return_type, 0, 0);
    }
    arg_infos->doc_comment = NULL;
    arg_infos++;
    op_array->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_HAS_RETURN_TYPE;

    if (ZEND_TYPE_CONTAINS_CODE(arg_infos[-1].type, IS_VOID)
        && (op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_RETURN_REFERENCE)) {
      zend_string *func_name = get_function_or_method_name((zend_function *) op_array);
      zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "%s(): Returning by reference from a void function is deprecated", ZSTR_VAL(func_name));
      zend_string_release(func_name);
    }
  } else {
    if (list->children == 0) {
      return;
    }
    arg_infos = safe_emalloc(sizeof(zend_arg_info), list->children, 0);
  }

  /* Find last required parameter number for deprecation message. */
  uint32_t last_required_param = (uint32_t) -1;
  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *param_ast = list->child[i];
    zend_ast *default_ast_ptr = param_ast->child[2];
    bool is_variadic = (param_ast->attr & ZEND_PARAM_VARIADIC) != 0;
    if (!default_ast_ptr && !is_variadic) {
      last_required_param = i;
    }
  }

  const uint32_t promotion_flags = ZEND_ACC_PPP_MASK | ZEND_ACC_PPP_SET_MASK | ZEND_ACC_READONLY | ZEND_ACC_FINAL;
  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *param_ast = list->child[i];
    zend_ast *type_ast = param_ast->child[0];
    zend_ast *var_ast = param_ast->child[1];
    zend_ast **default_ast_ptr = &param_ast->child[2];
    zend_ast *attributes_ast = param_ast->child[3];
    zend_ast *doc_comment_ast = param_ast->child[4];
    zend_ast *hooks_ast = param_ast->child[5];
    zend_string *name = zval_make_interned_string(zend_ast_get_zval(var_ast));
    bool is_ref = (param_ast->attr & ZEND_PARAM_REF) != 0;
    bool is_variadic = (param_ast->attr & ZEND_PARAM_VARIADIC) != 0;
    uint32_t property_flags = param_ast->attr & promotion_flags;
    bool is_promoted = property_flags || hooks_ast;

    CG(zend_lineno) = param_ast->lineno;

    znode var_node, default_node;
    uint8_t opcode;
    zend_op *opline;
    zend_arg_info *arg_info;

    if (zend_is_auto_global(name)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot re-assign auto-global variable %s",
        ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }

    var_node.op_type = IS_CV;
    var_node.u.op.var = lookup_cv(name);

    if (EX_VAR_TO_NUM(var_node.u.op.var) != i) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Redefinition of parameter $%s",
        ZSTR_VAL(name));
    } else if (zend_string_equals(name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_THIS))) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use $this as parameter");
    } else if (zend_string_equals_literal(name, "http_response_header")) {
      CG(context).has_assigned_to_http_response_header = true;
    }

    if (op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_VARIADIC) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Only the last parameter can be variadic");
    }

    if (is_variadic) {
      opcode = ZEND_RECV_VARIADIC;
      default_node.op_type = IS_UNUSED;
      op_array->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_VARIADIC;

      if (*default_ast_ptr) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Variadic parameter cannot have a default value");
      }
    } else if (*default_ast_ptr) {
      /* we cannot substitute constants here or it will break ReflectionParameter::getDefaultValueConstantName() and ReflectionParameter::isDefaultValueConstant() */
      uint32_t cops = CG(compiler_options);
      CG(compiler_options) |= ZEND_COMPILE_NO_CONSTANT_SUBSTITUTION | ZEND_COMPILE_NO_PERSISTENT_CONSTANT_SUBSTITUTION;
      opcode = ZEND_RECV_INIT;
      default_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
      zend_const_expr_to_zval(
        &default_node.u.constant, default_ast_ptr, /* allow_dynamic */ true);
      CG(compiler_options) = cops;
    } else {
      opcode = ZEND_RECV;
      default_node.op_type = IS_UNUSED;
      op_array->required_num_args = i + 1;
    }

    arg_info = &arg_infos[i];
    arg_info->name = zend_string_copy(name);
    arg_info->type = (zend_type) ZEND_TYPE_INIT_NONE(0);
    arg_info->default_value = NULL;
    arg_info->doc_comment = doc_comment_ast ? zend_string_copy(zend_ast_get_str(doc_comment_ast)) : NULL;

    if (attributes_ast) {
      zend_compile_attributes(
        &op_array->attributes, attributes_ast, i + 1, ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_PARAMETER,
        is_promoted ? ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_PROPERTY : 0
      );
    }

    bool forced_allow_nullable = false;
    if (type_ast) {
      uint32_t default_type = *default_ast_ptr ? Z_TYPE(default_node.u.constant) : IS_UNDEF;
      bool force_nullable = default_type == IS_NULL && !is_promoted;

      op_array->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_HAS_TYPE_HINTS;
      arg_info->type = zend_compile_typename_ex(type_ast, force_nullable, &forced_allow_nullable);
      if (forced_allow_nullable) {
        zend_string *func_name = get_function_or_method_name((zend_function *) op_array);
        zend_error(E_DEPRECATED,
           "%s(): Implicitly marking parameter $%s as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type "
           "must be used instead", ZSTR_VAL(func_name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
        zend_string_release(func_name);
      }

      if (ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(arg_info->type) & MAY_BE_VOID) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "void cannot be used as a parameter type");
      }

      if (ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(arg_info->type) & MAY_BE_NEVER) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "never cannot be used as a parameter type");
      }

      if (default_type != IS_UNDEF && default_type != IS_CONSTANT_AST && !force_nullable
          && !zend_is_valid_default_value(arg_info->type, &default_node.u.constant)) {
        zend_string *type_str = zend_type_to_string(arg_info->type);
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot use %s as default value for parameter $%s of type %s",
          zend_get_type_by_const(default_type),
          ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(type_str));
      }
    }
    if (last_required_param != (uint32_t) -1
     && i < last_required_param
     && default_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
      /* Ignore parameters of the form "Type $param = null".
       * This is the PHP 5 style way of writing "?Type $param", so allow it for now. */
      if (!forced_allow_nullable) {
        zend_string *func_name = get_function_or_method_name((zend_function *) op_array);
        zend_ast *required_param_ast = list->child[last_required_param];
        zend_error(E_DEPRECATED,
          "%s(): Optional parameter $%s declared before required parameter $%s "
          "is implicitly treated as a required parameter",
          ZSTR_VAL(func_name), ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(zend_ast_get_str(required_param_ast->child[1])));
        zend_string_release(func_name);
      }

      /* Regardless of whether we issue a deprecation, convert this parameter into
       * a required parameter without a default value. This ensures that it cannot be
       * used as an optional parameter even with named parameters. */
      opcode = ZEND_RECV;
      default_node.op_type = IS_UNUSED;
      zval_ptr_dtor(&default_node.u.constant);
    }

    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, opcode, NULL, &default_node);
    SET_NODE(opline->result, &var_node);
    opline->op1.num = i + 1;

    uint32_t arg_info_flags = _ZEND_ARG_INFO_FLAGS(is_ref, is_variadic, /* is_tentative */ 0)
      | (is_promoted ? _ZEND_IS_PROMOTED_BIT : 0);
    ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(arg_info->type) |= arg_info_flags;
    if (opcode == ZEND_RECV) {
      opline->op2.num = type_ast ?
        ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(arg_info->type) : MAY_BE_ANY;
    }

    if (is_promoted) {
      const zend_op_array *active_op_array = CG(active_op_array);
      zend_class_entry *scope = active_op_array->scope;

      bool is_ctor =
        scope && zend_is_constructor(active_op_array->function_name);
      if (!is_ctor) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot declare promoted property outside a constructor");
      }
      if ((active_op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT)
          || (scope->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_INTERFACE)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot declare promoted property in an abstract constructor");
      }
      if (is_variadic) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot declare variadic promoted property");
      }
      if (zend_hash_exists(&scope->properties_info, name)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot redeclare %s::$%s",
          ZSTR_VAL(scope->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
      }
      if (ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(arg_info->type) & MAY_BE_CALLABLE) {
        zend_string *str = zend_type_to_string(arg_info->type);
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Property %s::$%s cannot have type %s",
          ZSTR_VAL(scope->name), ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(str));
      }

      if (!(property_flags & ZEND_ACC_READONLY) && (scope->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_READONLY_CLASS)) {
        property_flags |= ZEND_ACC_READONLY;
      }

      /* Recompile the type, as it has different memory management requirements. */
      zend_type type = ZEND_TYPE_INIT_NONE(0);
      if (type_ast) {
        type = zend_compile_typename(type_ast);
      }

      /* Don't give the property an explicit default value. For typed properties this means
       * uninitialized, for untyped properties it means an implicit null default value.
       * Properties with hooks get an implicit default value of undefined until inheritance,
       * where it is changed to null only once we know it is not virtual. If we were to set it
       * here, we couldn't verify that a true virtual property must not have an explicit
       * default value. */
      zval default_value;
      if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_SET(type) || hooks_ast) {
        ZVAL_UNDEF(&default_value);
      } else {
        if (property_flags & ZEND_ACC_READONLY) {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Readonly property %s::$%s must have type",
            ZSTR_VAL(scope->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
        }

        ZVAL_NULL(&default_value);
      }

      zend_string *doc_comment =
        doc_comment_ast ? zend_string_copy(zend_ast_get_str(doc_comment_ast)) : NULL;
      zend_property_info *prop = zend_declare_typed_property(
        scope, name, &default_value,
        property_flags | (zend_property_is_virtual(scope, name, hooks_ast) ? ZEND_ACC_VIRTUAL : 0) | ZEND_ACC_PROMOTED,
        doc_comment, type);
      if (hooks_ast) {
        const zend_ast_list *hooks = zend_ast_get_list(hooks_ast);
        zend_compile_property_hooks(prop, name, type_ast, hooks);
      }
      if (attributes_ast) {
        zend_compile_attributes(
          &prop->attributes, attributes_ast, 0, ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_PROPERTY, ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_PARAMETER);

        zend_attribute *override_attribute = zend_get_attribute_str(prop->attributes, "override", sizeof("override")-1);
        if (override_attribute) {
          prop->flags |= ZEND_ACC_OVERRIDE;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /* These are assigned at the end to avoid uninitialized memory in case of an error */
  op_array->num_args = list->children;
  op_array->arg_info = arg_infos;

  /* Don't count the variadic argument */
  if (op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_VARIADIC) {
    op_array->num_args--;
  }
  zend_set_function_arg_flags((zend_function*)op_array);

  for (i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
    zend_ast *param_ast = list->child[i];
    zend_ast *hooks_ast = param_ast->child[5];
    bool is_ref = (param_ast->attr & ZEND_PARAM_REF) != 0;
    uint32_t flags = param_ast->attr & promotion_flags;
    bool is_promoted = flags || hooks_ast;
    if (!is_promoted) {
      continue;
    }

    CG(zend_lineno) = param_ast->lineno;

    /* Emit $this->prop = $prop for promoted properties. */
    zend_string *name = zend_ast_get_str(param_ast->child[1]);
    znode name_node, value_node;
    name_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_STR_COPY(&name_node.u.constant, name);
    value_node.op_type = IS_CV;
    value_node.u.op.var = lookup_cv(name);

    zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(NULL,
      is_ref ? ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ_REF : ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ, NULL, &name_node);
    opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slots(3);
    zend_emit_op_data(&value_node);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_closure_binding(znode *closure, zend_op_array *op_array, zend_ast *uses_ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(uses_ast);
  uint32_t i;

  if (!list->children) {
    return;
  }

  if (!op_array->static_variables) {
    op_array->static_variables = zend_new_array(8);
  }

  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *var_name_ast = list->child[i];
    zend_string *var_name = zval_make_interned_string(zend_ast_get_zval(var_name_ast));
    uint32_t mode = var_name_ast->attr;
    zend_op *opline;
    zval *value;

    if (zend_string_equals(var_name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_THIS))) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use $this as lexical variable");
    }

    if (zend_is_auto_global(var_name)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use auto-global as lexical variable");
    }

    value = zend_hash_add(op_array->static_variables, var_name, &EG(uninitialized_zval));
    if (!value) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "Cannot use variable $%pS twice", var_name);
    }

    CG(zend_lineno) = zend_ast_get_lineno(var_name_ast);

    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_BIND_LEXICAL, closure, NULL);
    opline->op2_type = IS_CV;
    opline->op2.var = lookup_cv(var_name);
    opline->extended_value =
      (uint32_t)((char*)value - (char*)op_array->static_variables->arData) | mode;
  }
}
/* }}} */

typedef struct {
  HashTable uses;
  bool varvars_used;
} closure_info;

static void find_implicit_binds(closure_info *info, zend_ast *params_ast, zend_ast *stmt_ast);

static void find_implicit_binds_recursively(closure_info *info, zend_ast *ast) {
  if (!ast) {
    return;
  }

  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_VAR) {
    zend_ast *name_ast = ast->child[0];
    if (name_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL && Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(name_ast)) == IS_STRING) {
      zend_string *name = zend_ast_get_str(name_ast);
      if (zend_is_auto_global(name)) {
        /* These is no need to explicitly import auto-globals. */
        return;
      }

      if (zend_string_equals(name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_THIS))) {
        /* $this does not need to be explicitly imported. */
        return;
      }

      zend_hash_add_empty_element(&info->uses, name);
    } else {
      info->varvars_used = true;
      find_implicit_binds_recursively(info, name_ast);
    }
  } else if (zend_ast_is_list(ast)) {
    const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
      find_implicit_binds_recursively(info, list->child[i]);
    }
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CLOSURE) {
    /* For normal closures add the use() list. */
    const zend_ast_decl *closure_ast = (const zend_ast_decl *) ast;
    zend_ast *uses_ast = closure_ast->child[1];
    if (uses_ast) {
      const zend_ast_list *uses_list = zend_ast_get_list(uses_ast);
      uint32_t i;
      for (i = 0; i < uses_list->children; i++) {
        zend_hash_add_empty_element(&info->uses, zend_ast_get_str(uses_list->child[i]));
      }
    }
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC) {
    /* For arrow functions recursively check the expression. */
    const zend_ast_decl *closure_ast = (const zend_ast_decl *) ast;
    closure_info inner_info;
    find_implicit_binds(&inner_info, closure_ast->child[0], closure_ast->child[2]);
    if (inner_info.varvars_used) {
      info->varvars_used = true;
    }
    if (zend_hash_num_elements(&inner_info.uses)) {
      zend_hash_copy(&info->uses, &inner_info.uses, NULL);
    }
    zend_hash_destroy(&inner_info.uses);
  } else if (!zend_ast_is_special(ast)) {
    uint32_t i, children = zend_ast_get_num_children(ast);
    for (i = 0; i < children; i++) {
      find_implicit_binds_recursively(info, ast->child[i]);
    }
  }
}

static void find_implicit_binds(closure_info *info, zend_ast *params_ast, zend_ast *stmt_ast)
{
  const zend_ast_list *param_list = zend_ast_get_list(params_ast);
  uint32_t i;

  zend_hash_init(&info->uses, param_list->children, NULL, NULL, 0);
  info->varvars_used = false;

  find_implicit_binds_recursively(info, stmt_ast);

  /* Remove variables that are parameters */
  for (i = 0; i < param_list->children; i++) {
    const zend_ast *param_ast = param_list->child[i];
    zend_hash_del(&info->uses, zend_ast_get_str(param_ast->child[1]));
  }
}

static void compile_implicit_lexical_binds(
    const closure_info *info, znode *closure, zend_op_array *op_array)
{
  zend_string *var_name;
  zend_op *opline;

  /* TODO We might want to use a special binding mode if varvars_used is set. */
  if (zend_hash_num_elements(&info->uses) == 0) {
    return;
  }

  if (!op_array->static_variables) {
    op_array->static_variables = zend_new_array(8);
  }

  ZEND_HASH_MAP_FOREACH_STR_KEY(&info->uses, var_name) {
    zval *value = zend_hash_add(
      op_array->static_variables, var_name, &EG(uninitialized_zval));
    uint32_t offset = (uint32_t)((char*)value - (char*)op_array->static_variables->arData);

    opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_BIND_LEXICAL, closure, NULL);
    opline->op2_type = IS_CV;
    opline->op2.var = lookup_cv(var_name);
    opline->extended_value = offset | ZEND_BIND_IMPLICIT;
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
}

static void zend_compile_closure_uses(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_op_array *op_array = CG(active_op_array);
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  uint32_t i;

  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    uint32_t mode = ZEND_BIND_EXPLICIT;
    zend_ast *var_ast = list->child[i];
    zend_string *var_name = zend_ast_get_str(var_ast);
    zval zv;
    ZVAL_NULL(&zv);

    {
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < op_array->last_var; i++) {
        if (zend_string_equals(op_array->vars[i], var_name)) {
          zend_error_noreturn_unchecked(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
            "Cannot use lexical variable $%S as a parameter name", var_name);
        }
      }
    }

    CG(zend_lineno) = zend_ast_get_lineno(var_ast);

    if (var_ast->attr) {
      mode |= ZEND_BIND_REF;
    }

    zend_compile_static_var_common(var_name, &zv, mode);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_implicit_closure_uses(const closure_info *info)
{
  zend_string *var_name;
  ZEND_HASH_MAP_FOREACH_STR_KEY(&info->uses, var_name) {
    zval zv;
    ZVAL_NULL(&zv);
    zend_compile_static_var_common(var_name, &zv, ZEND_BIND_IMPLICIT);
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
}

static void add_stringable_interface(zend_class_entry *ce) {
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ce->num_interfaces; i++) {
    if (zend_string_equals_literal(ce->interface_names[i].lc_name, "stringable")) {
      /* Interface already explicitly implemented */
      return;
    }
  }

  ce->num_interfaces++;
  ce->interface_names =
    erealloc(ce->interface_names, sizeof(zend_class_name) * ce->num_interfaces);
  // TODO: Add known interned strings instead?
  ce->interface_names[ce->num_interfaces - 1].name =
    ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("Stringable", 0);
  ce->interface_names[ce->num_interfaces - 1].lc_name =
    ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("stringable", 0);
}

static zend_string *zend_begin_method_decl(zend_op_array *op_array, zend_string *name, bool has_body) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_class_entry *ce = CG(active_class_entry);
  bool in_interface = (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_INTERFACE) != 0;
  uint32_t fn_flags = op_array->fn_flags;

  zend_string *lcname;

  if (fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_READONLY) {
    zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use 'readonly' as method modifier");
  }

  if ((fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE) && (fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL) && !zend_is_constructor(name)) {
    zend_error(E_COMPILE_WARNING, "Private methods cannot be final as they are never overridden by other classes");
  }

  if ((fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT)
   && !(ce->ce_flags & (ZEND_ACC_EXPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS|ZEND_ACC_TRAIT))) {
    // Don't say that the class should be declared abstract if it is
    // anonymous or an enum and can't be abstract
    if (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_ANON_CLASS) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Anonymous class method %s() must not be abstract",
        ZSTR_VAL(name));
    } else if (ce->ce_flags & (ZEND_ACC_ENUM|ZEND_ACC_INTERFACE)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "%s method %s::%s() must not be abstract",
        zend_get_object_type_case(ce, true), ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
    } else {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Class %s declares abstract method %s() and must therefore be declared abstract",
        ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }
  }

  if (in_interface) {
    if (!(fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Access type for interface method "
        "%s::%s() must be public", ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }
    if (fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Interface method "
        "%s::%s() must not be final", ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }
    op_array->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT;
  }

  if (op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT) {
    if ((op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE) && !(ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_TRAIT)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "%s function %s::%s() cannot be declared private",
        in_interface ? "Interface" : "Abstract", ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }

    if (has_body) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "%s function %s::%s() cannot contain body",
        in_interface ? "Interface" : "Abstract", ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }

    ce->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_IMPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS;
  } else if (!has_body) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Non-abstract method %s::%s() must contain body",
      ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
  }

  op_array->scope = ce;
  op_array->function_name = zend_string_copy(name);

  lcname = zend_string_tolower(name);
  lcname = zend_new_interned_string(lcname);

  if (zend_hash_add_ptr(&ce->function_table, lcname, op_array) == NULL) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot redeclare %s::%s()",
      ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
  }

  zend_add_magic_method(ce, (zend_function *) op_array, lcname);
  if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, ZEND_TOSTRING_FUNC_LCNAME)
      && !(ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_TRAIT)) {
    add_stringable_interface(ce);
  }

  return lcname;
}
/* }}} */

static uint32_t zend_add_dynamic_func_def(zend_op_array *def) {
  zend_op_array *op_array = CG(active_op_array);
  uint32_t def_offset = op_array->num_dynamic_func_defs++;
  op_array->dynamic_func_defs = erealloc(
    op_array->dynamic_func_defs, op_array->num_dynamic_func_defs * sizeof(zend_op_array *));
  op_array->dynamic_func_defs[def_offset] = def;
  return def_offset;
}

enum func_decl_level {
  FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_TOPLEVEL,
  FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_NESTED,
  FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_CONSTEXPR,
};

static zend_string *zend_begin_func_decl(znode *result, zend_op_array *op_array, const zend_ast_decl *decl, enum func_decl_level level) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_string *unqualified_name, *name, *lcname;
  zend_op *opline;

  if (op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_CLOSURE) {
    zend_string *filename = op_array->filename;
    uint32_t start_lineno = decl->start_lineno;

    zend_string *class = zend_empty_string;
    zend_string *separator = zend_empty_string;
    zend_string *function = filename;
    const char *parens = "";

    if (CG(active_op_array) && CG(active_op_array)->function_name) {
      if (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_CLOSURE) {
        /* If the parent function is a closure, don't redundantly
         * add the classname and parentheses.
         */
        function = CG(active_op_array)->function_name;
      } else {
        function = CG(active_op_array)->function_name;
        parens = "()";

        if (CG(active_class_entry) && CG(active_class_entry)->name) {
          class = CG(active_class_entry)->name;
          separator = ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM);
        }
      }
    }

    unqualified_name = zend_strpprintf_unchecked(
      0,
      "{closure:%S%S%S%s:%" PRIu32 "}",
      class,
      separator,
      function,
      parens,
      start_lineno
    );

    op_array->function_name = name = unqualified_name;
  } else {
    unqualified_name = decl->name;
    op_array->function_name = name = zend_prefix_with_ns(unqualified_name);
  }

  lcname = zend_string_tolower(name);

  if (FC(imports_function)) {
    const zend_string *import_name =
      zend_hash_find_ptr_lc(FC(imports_function), unqualified_name);
    if (import_name && !zend_string_equals_ci(lcname, import_name)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot redeclare function %s() (previously declared as local import)",
        ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }
  }

  if (zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, "__autoload")) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "__autoload() is no longer supported, use spl_autoload_register() instead");
  }

  if (
    zend_string_equals_literal_ci(unqualified_name, "readonly")
    || zend_string_equals_literal_ci(unqualified_name, "let")
    || zend_string_equals_literal_ci(unqualified_name, "is")
  ) {
    zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Calling a function \"%pS\" is deprecated since 8.6", unqualified_name);
  }

  if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(unqualified_name, "assert")) {
    zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "Defining a custom assert() function is not allowed, "
      "as the function has special semantics");
  }

  zend_register_seen_symbol(lcname, ZEND_SYMBOL_FUNCTION);
  switch (level) {
    case FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_NESTED: {
      uint32_t func_ref = zend_add_dynamic_func_def(op_array);
      if (op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_CLOSURE) {
        opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_DECLARE_LAMBDA_FUNCTION, NULL, NULL);
        opline->op2.num = func_ref;
        opline->extended_value = (uint32_t)-1;
      } else {
        opline = get_next_op();
        opline->opcode = ZEND_DECLARE_FUNCTION;
        opline->op1_type = IS_CONST;
        LITERAL_STR(opline->op1, zend_string_copy(lcname));
        opline->op2.num = func_ref;
      }
      break;
    }
    case FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_CONSTEXPR:
    case FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_TOPLEVEL:
      /* Nothing to do. */
      break;
  }
  return lcname;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op_array *zend_compile_func_decl_ex(
  znode *result, zend_ast *ast, enum func_decl_level level,
  zend_string *property_info_name,
  zend_property_hook_kind hook_kind
) {
  zend_ast_decl *decl = (zend_ast_decl *) ast;
  zend_ast *params_ast = decl->child[0];
  zend_ast *uses_ast = decl->child[1];
  zend_ast *stmt_ast = decl->child[2];
  zend_ast *return_type_ast = decl->child[3];
  bool is_method = decl->kind == ZEND_AST_METHOD;
  zend_string *lcname = NULL;
  bool is_hook = decl->kind == ZEND_AST_PROPERTY_HOOK;

  zend_class_entry *orig_class_entry = CG(active_class_entry);
  zend_op_array *orig_op_array = CG(active_op_array);
  zend_op_array *op_array = zend_arena_alloc(&CG(arena), sizeof(zend_op_array));
  zend_oparray_context orig_oparray_context;
  closure_info info;

  init_op_array(op_array, ZEND_USER_FUNCTION, INITIAL_OP_ARRAY_SIZE);

  if (CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_PRELOAD) {
    op_array->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_PRELOADED;
  }

  op_array->fn_flags |= (orig_op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_STRICT_TYPES);
  op_array->fn_flags |= decl->flags;
  op_array->line_start = decl->start_lineno;
  op_array->line_end = decl->end_lineno;
  if (decl->doc_comment) {
    op_array->doc_comment = zend_string_copy(decl->doc_comment);
  }

  if (decl->kind == ZEND_AST_CLOSURE || decl->kind == ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC) {
    op_array->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_CLOSURE;
  }

  if (is_hook) {
    zend_class_entry *ce = CG(active_class_entry);
    op_array->scope = ce;
    op_array->function_name = zend_string_copy(decl->name);
  } else if (is_method) {
    bool has_body = stmt_ast != NULL;
    lcname = zend_begin_method_decl(op_array, decl->name, has_body);
  } else {
    lcname = zend_begin_func_decl(result, op_array, decl, level);
    if (decl->kind == ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC) {
      find_implicit_binds(&info, params_ast, stmt_ast);
      compile_implicit_lexical_binds(&info, result, op_array);
    } else if (uses_ast) {
      zend_compile_closure_binding(result, op_array, uses_ast);
    }
  }

  CG(active_op_array) = op_array;

  zend_oparray_context_begin(&orig_oparray_context, op_array);
  CG(context).active_property_info_name = property_info_name;
  CG(context).active_property_hook_kind = hook_kind;

  if (decl->child[4]) {
    int target = ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_FUNCTION;

    if (is_method || is_hook) {
      target = ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_METHOD;
    }

    zend_compile_attributes(&op_array->attributes, decl->child[4], 0, target, 0);

    const zend_attribute *override_attribute = zend_get_attribute_str(
      op_array->attributes,
      "override",
      sizeof("override")-1
    );

    if (override_attribute) {
      op_array->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_OVERRIDE;
    }

    const zend_attribute *deprecated_attribute = zend_get_attribute_str(
      op_array->attributes,
      "deprecated",
      sizeof("deprecated")-1
    );

    if (deprecated_attribute) {
      op_array->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_DEPRECATED;
    }

    // ZEND_ACC_NODISCARD is added via an attribute validator
  }

  /* Do not leak the class scope into free standing functions, even if they are dynamically
   * defined inside a class method. This is necessary for correct handling of magic constants.
   * For example __CLASS__ should always be "" inside a free standing function. */
  if (decl->kind == ZEND_AST_FUNC_DECL) {
    CG(active_class_entry) = NULL;
  }

  if (level == FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_TOPLEVEL) {
    op_array->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_TOP_LEVEL;
  }

  {
    /* Push a separator to the loop variable stack */
    zend_loop_var dummy_var;
    dummy_var.opcode = ZEND_RETURN;

    zend_stack_push(&CG(loop_var_stack), (void *) &dummy_var);
  }

  zend_compile_params(params_ast, return_type_ast,
    is_method && zend_string_equals_literal(lcname, ZEND_TOSTRING_FUNC_LCNAME) ? IS_STRING : 0);
  if (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_GENERATOR) {
    if (CG(active_class_entry) != NULL) {
      if (zend_is_constructor(CG(active_op_array)->function_name)) {
        zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Making a constructor a Generator is deprecated");
      } else if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(CG(active_op_array)->function_name, ZEND_DESTRUCTOR_FUNC_NAME)) {
        zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Making a destructor a Generator is deprecated");
      }
    }

    zend_mark_function_as_generator();
    zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_GENERATOR_CREATE, NULL, NULL);
  }
  if (decl->kind == ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC) {
    zend_compile_implicit_closure_uses(&info);
    zend_hash_destroy(&info.uses);
  } else if (uses_ast) {
    zend_compile_closure_uses(uses_ast);
  }

  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC && decl->child[2]->kind != ZEND_AST_RETURN) {
    bool needs_return = true;
    if (op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_HAS_RETURN_TYPE) {
      const zend_arg_info *return_info = CG(active_op_array)->arg_info - 1;
      needs_return = !ZEND_TYPE_CONTAINS_CODE(return_info->type, IS_NEVER);
    }
    if (needs_return) {
      stmt_ast = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_RETURN, stmt_ast);
      decl->child[2] = stmt_ast;
    }
  }

  if (op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_NODISCARD) {
    /* ZEND_ACC_NODISCARD gets added by the attribute validator, but only
     * if the method is not a hook; if it is a hook, then the validator
     * will have returned an error message, even if the error message was
     * delayed with #[\DelayedTargetValidation] that ZEND_ACC_NODISCARD
     * flag should not have been added. */
    ZEND_ASSERT(!is_hook);

    if (op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_HAS_RETURN_TYPE) {
      const zend_arg_info *return_info = CG(active_op_array)->arg_info - 1;
      if (ZEND_TYPE_CONTAINS_CODE(return_info->type, IS_VOID)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "A void %s does not return a value, but #[\\NoDiscard] requires a return value",
          CG(active_class_entry) != NULL ? "method" : "function");
      }

      if (ZEND_TYPE_CONTAINS_CODE(return_info->type, IS_NEVER)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "A never returning %s does not return a value, but #[\\NoDiscard] requires a return value",
          CG(active_class_entry) != NULL ? "method" : "function");
      }
    }
  }

  zend_compile_stmt(stmt_ast);

  if (decl->kind == ZEND_AST_CLOSURE || decl->kind == ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC) {
    zend_op_array *declaring_op_array = orig_oparray_context.op_array;

    if ((op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
     && !op_array->static_variables
     /* Don't cache closures in main, as those would leak without a proper
      * cleanup mechanism. */
     && declaring_op_array->function_name
     && declaring_op_array->last) {
      zend_op *declare_lambda_op = &declaring_op_array->opcodes[declaring_op_array->last - 1];
      if (declare_lambda_op->opcode == ZEND_DECLARE_LAMBDA_FUNCTION) {
        declare_lambda_op->extended_value = declaring_op_array->cache_size;
        declaring_op_array->cache_size += sizeof(void *);
      }
    }
  }

  if (is_method) {
    CG(zend_lineno) = decl->start_lineno;
    zend_check_magic_method_implementation(
      CG(active_class_entry), (zend_function *) op_array, lcname, E_COMPILE_ERROR);
  } else if (level == FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_TOPLEVEL) {
    /* Only register the function after a successful compile */
    if (UNEXPECTED(zend_hash_add_ptr(CG(function_table), lcname, op_array) == NULL)) {
      CG(zend_lineno) = decl->start_lineno;
      do_bind_function_error(lcname, op_array, true);
    }
  }

  /* put the implicit return on the really last line */
  CG(zend_lineno) = decl->end_lineno;

  zend_do_extended_stmt(NULL);
  zend_emit_final_return(false);

  pass_two(CG(active_op_array));
  zend_oparray_context_end(&orig_oparray_context);

  /* Pop the loop variable stack separator */
  zend_stack_del_top(&CG(loop_var_stack));

  if (level == FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_TOPLEVEL) {
    zend_observer_function_declared_notify(op_array, lcname);
  }

  if (lcname != NULL) {
    zend_string_release_ex(lcname, 0);
  }

  CG(active_op_array) = orig_op_array;
  CG(active_class_entry) = orig_class_entry;

  return op_array;
}

static zend_op_array *zend_compile_func_decl(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, enum func_decl_level level)
{
  return zend_compile_func_decl_ex(result, ast, level, /* property_info */ NULL, (zend_property_hook_kind)-1);
}

zend_property_hook_kind zend_get_property_hook_kind_from_name(const zend_string *name) {
  if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "get")) {
    return ZEND_PROPERTY_HOOK_GET;
  } else if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "set")) {
    return ZEND_PROPERTY_HOOK_SET;
  } else {
    return (zend_property_hook_kind)-1;
  }
}

static void zend_compile_property_hooks(
    zend_property_info *prop_info, zend_string *prop_name,
    zend_ast *prop_type_ast, const zend_ast_list *hooks)
{
  zend_class_entry *ce = CG(active_class_entry);

  if (prop_info->flags & ZEND_ACC_READONLY) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Hooked properties cannot be readonly");
  }

  if (hooks->children == 0) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Property hook list must not be empty");
  }

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < hooks->children; i++) {
    zend_ast_decl *hook = (zend_ast_decl *) hooks->child[i];
    zend_string *name = hook->name;
    zend_ast *stmt_ast = hook->child[2];
    zend_ast **return_type_ast_ptr = NULL;
    zend_ast **value_type_ast_ptr = NULL;
    CG(zend_lineno) = hook->start_lineno;

    /* Non-private hooks are always public. This avoids having to copy the hook when inheriting
     * hooks from protected properties to public ones. */
    uint32_t hook_visibility = (prop_info->flags & ZEND_ACC_PPP_MASK) != ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE ? ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC : ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE;
    hook->flags |= hook_visibility;

    if (prop_info->flags & ZEND_ACC_STATIC) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot declare hooks for static property");
    }
    if ((hook->flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL) && (hook->flags & ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Property hook cannot be both final and private");
    }
    if ((ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_INTERFACE)
     || ((prop_info->flags & ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT) && !stmt_ast)) {
      hook->flags |= ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT;

      if (stmt_ast) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Abstract property hook cannot have body");
      }
      if (hook->flags & ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Property hook cannot be both abstract and private");
      }
      if (hook->flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Property hook cannot be both abstract and final");
      }
    } else if (!stmt_ast) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Non-abstract property hook must have a body");
    }

    zend_property_hook_kind hook_kind = zend_get_property_hook_kind_from_name(name);
    if (hook_kind == (zend_property_hook_kind)-1) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "Unknown hook \"%s\" for property %s::$%s, expected \"get\" or \"set\"",
        ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(prop_name));
    }

    if (stmt_ast && stmt_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PROPERTY_HOOK_SHORT_BODY) {
      stmt_ast = stmt_ast->child[0];
      if (hook_kind == ZEND_PROPERTY_HOOK_GET) {
        stmt_ast = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_RETURN, stmt_ast);
      } else {
        ZEND_ASSERT(hook_kind == ZEND_PROPERTY_HOOK_SET);
        stmt_ast = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_ASSIGN,
          zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_PROP,
            zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_VAR, zend_ast_create_zval_from_str(ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_THIS))),
            zend_ast_create_zval_from_str(zend_copy_unmangled_prop_name(prop_info->name))),
          stmt_ast);
      }
      stmt_ast = zend_ast_create_list(1, ZEND_AST_STMT_LIST, stmt_ast);
      hook->child[2] = stmt_ast;
    }

    if (hook_kind == ZEND_PROPERTY_HOOK_GET) {
      if (hook->child[0]) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "get hook of property %s::$%s must not have a parameter list",
          ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(prop_name));
      }

      hook->child[0] = zend_ast_create_list(0, ZEND_AST_PARAM_LIST);

      return_type_ast_ptr = &hook->child[3];
      *return_type_ast_ptr = prop_type_ast;
    } else if (hook_kind == ZEND_PROPERTY_HOOK_SET) {
      if (hook->child[0]) {
        const zend_ast_list *param_list = zend_ast_get_list(hook->child[0]);
        if (param_list->children != 1) {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "%s hook of property %s::$%s must accept exactly one parameters",
            ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(prop_name));
        }
        const zend_ast *value_param_ast = param_list->child[0];
        if (value_param_ast->attr & ZEND_PARAM_REF) {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Parameter $%s of %s hook %s::$%s must not be pass-by-reference",
            ZSTR_VAL(zend_ast_get_str(value_param_ast->child[1])), ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(prop_name));
        }
        if (value_param_ast->attr & ZEND_PARAM_VARIADIC) {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Parameter $%s of %s hook %s::$%s must not be variadic",
            ZSTR_VAL(zend_ast_get_str(value_param_ast->child[1])), ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(prop_name));
        }
        if (value_param_ast->child[2]) {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Parameter $%s of %s hook %s::$%s must not have a default value",
            ZSTR_VAL(zend_ast_get_str(value_param_ast->child[1])), ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(prop_name));
        }
        if ((prop_type_ast != NULL) != (value_param_ast->child[0] != NULL)) {
          zend_hooked_property_variance_error_ex(zend_ast_get_str(value_param_ast->child[1]), ce->name, prop_info->name);
        }
      } else {
        zend_ast *param_name_ast = zend_ast_create_zval_from_str(ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_VALUE));
        zend_ast *param = zend_ast_create(
          ZEND_AST_PARAM, prop_type_ast, param_name_ast,
          /* expr */ NULL, /* doc_comment */ NULL, /* attributes */ NULL,
          /* hooks */ NULL);
        value_type_ast_ptr = &param->child[0];
        hook->child[0] = zend_ast_create_list(1, ZEND_AST_PARAM_LIST, param);
      }
      zend_ast *return_type = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_TYPE);
      return_type->attr = IS_VOID;
      hook->child[3] = return_type;
    } else {
      ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
    }

    hook->name = zend_strpprintf(0, "$%s::%s", ZSTR_VAL(prop_name), ZSTR_VAL(name));

    zend_function *func = (zend_function *) zend_compile_func_decl_ex(
      NULL, (zend_ast *) hook, FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_NESTED, prop_info->name, hook_kind);

    func->common.prop_info = prop_info;

    if (!prop_info->hooks) {
      prop_info->hooks = zend_arena_alloc(&CG(arena), ZEND_PROPERTY_HOOK_STRUCT_SIZE);
      memset(prop_info->hooks, 0, ZEND_PROPERTY_HOOK_STRUCT_SIZE);
    }

    if (prop_info->hooks[hook_kind]) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "Cannot redeclare property hook \"%s\"", ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }
    prop_info->hooks[hook_kind] = func;

    if (hook_kind == ZEND_PROPERTY_HOOK_SET) {
      switch (zend_verify_property_hook_variance(prop_info, func)) {
        case INHERITANCE_SUCCESS:
          break;
        case INHERITANCE_UNRESOLVED:
          ce->num_hooked_prop_variance_checks++;
          break;
        case INHERITANCE_ERROR:
          zend_hooked_property_variance_error(prop_info);
        case INHERITANCE_WARNING:
          ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      }
    }

    zend_string_release(name);
    /* Un-share type ASTs to avoid double-frees of zval nodes. */
    if (return_type_ast_ptr) {
      *return_type_ast_ptr = NULL;
    }
    if (value_type_ast_ptr) {
      *value_type_ast_ptr = NULL;
    }
  }

  ce->num_hooked_props++;

  /* See zend_link_hooked_object_iter(). */
#ifndef ZEND_OPCACHE_SHM_REATTACHMENT
  if (!ce->get_iterator) {
    /* Will be removed again, in case of Iterator or IteratorAggregate. */
    ce->get_iterator = zend_hooked_object_get_iterator;
  }
#endif

  if (!prop_info->ce->parent_name) {
    zend_verify_hooked_property(ce, prop_info, prop_name);
  }
}

static void zend_compile_prop_decl(zend_ast *ast, zend_ast *type_ast, uint32_t flags, zend_ast *attr_ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  zend_class_entry *ce = CG(active_class_entry);
  uint32_t i, children = list->children;

  if (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_ENUM) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Enum %s cannot include properties", ZSTR_VAL(ce->name));
  }

  if ((flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL) && (flags & ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Property cannot be both final and private");
  }

  if (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_INTERFACE) {
    if (flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Property in interface cannot be final");
    }
    if (flags & (ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED|ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Property in interface cannot be protected or private");
    }
    if (flags & ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "Property in interface cannot be explicitly abstract. "
        "All interface members are implicitly abstract");
    }
    flags |= ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < children; ++i) {
    zend_property_info *info;
    zend_ast *prop_ast = list->child[i];
    zend_ast *name_ast = prop_ast->child[0];
    zend_ast **value_ast_ptr = &prop_ast->child[1];
    zend_ast *doc_comment_ast = prop_ast->child[2];
    zend_ast *hooks_ast = prop_ast->child[3];
    zend_string *name = zval_make_interned_string(zend_ast_get_zval(name_ast));
    zend_string *doc_comment = NULL;
    zval value_zv;
    zend_type type = ZEND_TYPE_INIT_NONE(0);
    flags |= zend_property_is_virtual(ce, name, hooks_ast) ? ZEND_ACC_VIRTUAL : 0;

    zend_string *old_active_property_info_name = CG(context).active_property_info_name;
    CG(context).active_property_info_name = name;

    if (!hooks_ast) {
      if (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_INTERFACE) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Interfaces may only include hooked properties");
      }
      if (flags & ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Only hooked properties may be declared abstract");
      }
    }
    if ((flags & ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT)) {
      ce->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_IMPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS;
    }

    if (type_ast) {
      type = zend_compile_typename(type_ast);

      if (ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type) & (MAY_BE_VOID|MAY_BE_NEVER|MAY_BE_CALLABLE)) {
        zend_string *str = zend_type_to_string(type);
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Property %s::$%s cannot have type %s",
          ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(str));
      }
    }

    /* Doc comment has been appended as last element in ZEND_AST_PROP_ELEM ast */
    if (doc_comment_ast) {
      doc_comment = zend_string_copy(zend_ast_get_str(doc_comment_ast));
    }

    if (zend_hash_exists(&ce->properties_info, name)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot redeclare %s::$%s",
        ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }

    if (*value_ast_ptr) {
      zend_const_expr_to_zval(&value_zv, value_ast_ptr, /* allow_dynamic */ false);

      if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_SET(type) && Z_TYPE(value_zv) != IS_CONSTANT_AST
          && !zend_is_valid_default_value(type, &value_zv)) {
        zend_string *str = zend_type_to_string(type);
        if (Z_TYPE(value_zv) == IS_NULL && !ZEND_TYPE_IS_INTERSECTION(type)) {
          ZEND_TYPE_FULL_MASK(type) |= MAY_BE_NULL;
          zend_string *nullable_str = zend_type_to_string(type);

          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
            "Default value for property of type %s may not be null. "
            "Use the nullable type %s to allow null default value",
            ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_VAL(nullable_str));
        } else {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
            "Cannot use %s as default value for property %s::$%s of type %s",
            zend_zval_value_name(&value_zv),
            ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(str));
        }
      }
    } else if (!ZEND_TYPE_IS_SET(type) && !hooks_ast) {
      ZVAL_NULL(&value_zv);
    } else {
      ZVAL_UNDEF(&value_zv);
    }

    if ((ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_READONLY_CLASS)) {
      flags |= ZEND_ACC_READONLY;
    }

    if (flags & ZEND_ACC_READONLY) {
      if (!ZEND_TYPE_IS_SET(type)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Readonly property %s::$%s must have type",
          ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
      }
      if (flags & ZEND_ACC_STATIC) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Static property %s::$%s cannot be readonly",
          ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name));
      }
    }

    info = zend_declare_typed_property(ce, name, &value_zv, flags, doc_comment, type);

    if (hooks_ast) {
      zend_compile_property_hooks(info, name, type_ast, zend_ast_get_list(hooks_ast));
    }

    if (attr_ast) {
      zend_compile_attributes(&info->attributes, attr_ast, 0, ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_PROPERTY, 0);

      const zend_attribute *override_attribute = zend_get_attribute_str(info->attributes, "override", sizeof("override")-1);
      if (override_attribute) {
        info->flags |= ZEND_ACC_OVERRIDE;
      }
    }

    CG(context).active_property_info_name = old_active_property_info_name;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_prop_group(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *type_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *prop_ast = ast->child[1];
  zend_ast *attr_ast = ast->child[2];

  zend_compile_prop_decl(prop_ast, type_ast, ast->attr, attr_ast);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_check_trait_alias_modifiers(uint32_t attr) /* {{{ */
{
  if (attr & ZEND_ACC_STATIC) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use \"static\" as method modifier in trait alias");
  } else if (attr & ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use \"abstract\" as method modifier in trait alias");
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_class_const_decl(zend_ast *ast, uint32_t flags, zend_ast *attr_ast, zend_ast *type_ast)
{
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  zend_class_entry *ce = CG(active_class_entry);
  uint32_t i, children = list->children;

  for (i = 0; i < children; ++i) {
    zend_class_constant *c;
    zend_ast *const_ast = list->child[i];
    zend_ast *name_ast = const_ast->child[0];
    zend_ast **value_ast_ptr = &const_ast->child[1];
    zend_ast *doc_comment_ast = const_ast->child[2];
    zend_string *name = zval_make_interned_string(zend_ast_get_zval(name_ast));
    zend_string *doc_comment = doc_comment_ast ? zend_string_copy(zend_ast_get_str(doc_comment_ast)) : NULL;
    zval value_zv;
    zend_type type = ZEND_TYPE_INIT_NONE(0);

    if (type_ast) {
      type = zend_compile_typename(type_ast);

      uint32_t type_mask = ZEND_TYPE_PURE_MASK(type);

      if (type_mask != MAY_BE_ANY && (type_mask & (MAY_BE_CALLABLE|MAY_BE_VOID|MAY_BE_NEVER))) {
        zend_string *type_str = zend_type_to_string(type);

        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Class constant %s::%s cannot have type %s",
          ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(type_str));
      }
    }

    if (UNEXPECTED((flags & ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE) && (flags & ZEND_ACC_FINAL))) {
      zend_error_noreturn(
        E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Private constant %s::%s cannot be final as it is not visible to other classes",
        ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name)
      );
    }

    zend_const_expr_to_zval(&value_zv, value_ast_ptr, /* allow_dynamic */ false);

    if (Z_TYPE(value_zv) != IS_CONSTANT_AST && ZEND_TYPE_IS_SET(type) && !zend_is_valid_default_value(type, &value_zv)) {
      zend_string *type_str = zend_type_to_string(type);

      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use %s as value for class constant %s::%s of type %s",
        zend_zval_type_name(&value_zv), ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(type_str));
    }

    c = zend_declare_typed_class_constant(ce, name, &value_zv, flags, doc_comment, type);

    if (attr_ast) {
      zend_compile_attributes(&c->attributes, attr_ast, 0, ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_CLASS_CONST, 0);

      const zend_attribute *deprecated = zend_get_attribute_str(c->attributes, "deprecated", sizeof("deprecated")-1);

      if (deprecated) {
        ZEND_CLASS_CONST_FLAGS(c) |= ZEND_ACC_DEPRECATED;
        /* For deprecated constants, we need to flag the zval for recursion
         * detection. Make sure the zval is separated out of shm. */
        ce->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_HAS_AST_CONSTANTS;
        ce->ce_flags &= ~ZEND_ACC_CONSTANTS_UPDATED;
      }

      const zend_attribute *override = zend_get_attribute_str(c->attributes, "override", sizeof("override") - 1);
      if (override) {
        ZEND_CLASS_CONST_FLAGS(c) |= ZEND_ACC_OVERRIDE;
        /* We need to be able to remove the flag once the override is
         * resolved. See ZEND_ACC_DEPRECATED above. */
        ce->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_HAS_AST_CONSTANTS;
        ce->ce_flags &= ~ZEND_ACC_CONSTANTS_UPDATED;
      }
    }
  }
}

static void zend_compile_class_const_group(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *const_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *attr_ast = ast->child[1];
  zend_ast *type_ast = ast->child[2];

  zend_compile_class_const_decl(const_ast, ast->attr, attr_ast, type_ast);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_method_ref(const zend_ast *ast, zend_trait_method_reference *method_ref) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *class_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *method_ast = ast->child[1];

  method_ref->method_name = zend_string_copy(zend_ast_get_str(method_ast));

  if (class_ast) {
    method_ref->class_name = zend_resolve_const_class_name_reference(class_ast, "trait name");
  } else {
    method_ref->class_name = NULL;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_trait_precedence(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast *method_ref_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *insteadof_ast = ast->child[1];
  const zend_ast_list *insteadof_list = zend_ast_get_list(insteadof_ast);
  uint32_t i;

  zend_trait_precedence *precedence = emalloc(sizeof(zend_trait_precedence) + (insteadof_list->children - 1) * sizeof(zend_string*));
  zend_compile_method_ref(method_ref_ast, &precedence->trait_method);
  precedence->num_excludes = insteadof_list->children;

  for (i = 0; i < insteadof_list->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *name_ast = insteadof_list->child[i];
    precedence->exclude_class_names[i] =
      zend_resolve_const_class_name_reference(name_ast, "trait name");
  }

  zend_add_to_list(&CG(active_class_entry)->trait_precedences, precedence);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_trait_alias(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast *method_ref_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *alias_ast = ast->child[1];
  uint32_t modifiers = ast->attr;

  zend_trait_alias *alias;

  zend_check_trait_alias_modifiers(modifiers);

  alias = emalloc(sizeof(zend_trait_alias));
  zend_compile_method_ref(method_ref_ast, &alias->trait_method);
  alias->modifiers = modifiers;

  if (alias_ast) {
    alias->alias = zend_string_copy(zend_ast_get_str(alias_ast));
  } else {
    alias->alias = NULL;
  }

  zend_add_to_list(&CG(active_class_entry)->trait_aliases, alias);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_use_trait(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_list *traits = zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[0]);
  zend_ast_list *adaptations = ast->child[1] ? zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[1]) : NULL;
  zend_class_entry *ce = CG(active_class_entry);
  uint32_t i;

  ce->trait_names = erealloc(ce->trait_names, sizeof(zend_class_name) * (ce->num_traits + traits->children));

  for (i = 0; i < traits->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *trait_ast = traits->child[i];

    if (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_INTERFACE) {
      zend_string *name = zend_ast_get_str(trait_ast);
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use traits inside of interfaces. "
        "%s is used in %s", ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_VAL(ce->name));
    }

    ce->trait_names[ce->num_traits].name =
      zend_resolve_const_class_name_reference(trait_ast, "trait name");
    ce->trait_names[ce->num_traits].lc_name = zend_string_tolower(ce->trait_names[ce->num_traits].name);
    ce->num_traits++;
  }

  if (!adaptations) {
    return;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < adaptations->children; ++i) {
    const zend_ast *adaptation_ast = adaptations->child[i];
    switch (adaptation_ast->kind) {
      case ZEND_AST_TRAIT_PRECEDENCE:
        zend_compile_trait_precedence(adaptation_ast);
        break;
      case ZEND_AST_TRAIT_ALIAS:
        zend_compile_trait_alias(adaptation_ast);
        break;
      default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_implements(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  zend_class_entry *ce = CG(active_class_entry);
  zend_class_name *interface_names;
  uint32_t i;

  interface_names = emalloc(sizeof(zend_class_name) * list->children);

  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *class_ast = list->child[i];
    interface_names[i].name =
      zend_resolve_const_class_name_reference(class_ast, "interface name");
    interface_names[i].lc_name = zend_string_tolower(interface_names[i].name);
  }

  ce->num_interfaces = list->children;
  ce->interface_names = interface_names;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_string *zend_generate_anon_class_name(const zend_ast_decl *decl)
{
  zend_string *filename = CG(active_op_array)->filename;
  uint32_t start_lineno = decl->start_lineno;

  /* Use parent or first interface as prefix. */
  zend_string *prefix = ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_CLASS);
  if (decl->child[0]) {
    prefix = zend_resolve_const_class_name_reference(decl->child[0], "class name");
  } else if (decl->child[1]) {
    const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(decl->child[1]);
    prefix = zend_resolve_const_class_name_reference(list->child[0], "interface name");
  }

  zend_string *result = zend_strpprintf(0, "%s@anonymous%c%s:%" PRIu32 "$%" PRIx32,
    ZSTR_VAL(prefix), '\0', ZSTR_VAL(filename), start_lineno, CG(rtd_key_counter)++);
  zend_string_release(prefix);
  return zend_new_interned_string(result);
}

static void zend_compile_enum_backing_type(zend_class_entry *ce, zend_ast *enum_backing_type_ast)
{
  ZEND_ASSERT(ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_ENUM);
  zend_type type = zend_compile_typename(enum_backing_type_ast);
  uint32_t type_mask = ZEND_TYPE_PURE_MASK(type);
  if (ZEND_TYPE_IS_COMPLEX(type) || (type_mask != MAY_BE_LONG && type_mask != MAY_BE_STRING)) {
    zend_string *type_string = zend_type_to_string(type);
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "Enum backing type must be int or string, %s given",
      ZSTR_VAL(type_string));
  }
  if (type_mask == MAY_BE_LONG) {
    ce->enum_backing_type = IS_LONG;
  } else {
    ZEND_ASSERT(type_mask == MAY_BE_STRING);
    ce->enum_backing_type = IS_STRING;
  }
  zend_type_release(type, 0);
}

static void zend_compile_class_decl(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast, bool toplevel) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_decl *decl = (const zend_ast_decl *) ast;
  zend_ast *extends_ast = decl->child[0];
  zend_ast *implements_ast = decl->child[1];
  zend_ast *stmt_ast = decl->child[2];
  zend_ast *enum_backing_type_ast = decl->child[4];
  zend_string *name, *lcname;
  zend_class_entry *ce = zend_arena_alloc(&CG(arena), sizeof(zend_class_entry));
  zend_op *opline;

  zend_class_entry *original_ce = CG(active_class_entry);

  if (EXPECTED((decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_ANON_CLASS) == 0)) {
    zend_string *unqualified_name = decl->name;

    if (CG(active_class_entry)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Class declarations may not be nested");
    }

    const char *type = "a class name";
    if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_ENUM) {
      type = "an enum name";
    } else if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_INTERFACE) {
      type = "an interface name";
    } else if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_TRAIT) {
      type = "a trait name";
    }
    zend_assert_valid_class_name(unqualified_name, type);
    name = zend_prefix_with_ns(unqualified_name);
    name = zend_new_interned_string(name);
    lcname = zend_string_tolower(name);

    if (FC(imports)) {
      zend_string *import_name =
        zend_hash_find_ptr_lc(FC(imports), unqualified_name);
      if (import_name && !zend_string_equals_ci(lcname, import_name)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot redeclare class %s "
            "(previously declared as local import)", ZSTR_VAL(name));
      }
    }

    zend_register_seen_symbol(lcname, ZEND_SYMBOL_CLASS);
  } else {
    /* Find an anon class name that is not in use yet. */
    name = NULL;
    lcname = NULL;
    do {
      zend_tmp_string_release(name);
      zend_tmp_string_release(lcname);
      name = zend_generate_anon_class_name(decl);
      lcname = zend_string_tolower(name);
    } while (zend_hash_exists(CG(class_table), lcname));
  }
  lcname = zend_new_interned_string(lcname);

  ce->type = ZEND_USER_CLASS;
  ce->name = name;
  zend_initialize_class_data(ce, true);
  if (!(decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_ANON_CLASS)) {
    zend_alloc_ce_cache(ce->name);
  }

  if (CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_PRELOAD) {
    ce->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_PRELOADED;
    ZEND_MAP_PTR_NEW(ce->static_members_table);
    ZEND_MAP_PTR_NEW(ce->mutable_data);
  }

  ce->ce_flags |= decl->flags;
  ce->info.user.filename = zend_string_copy(zend_get_compiled_filename());
  ce->info.user.line_start = decl->start_lineno;
  ce->info.user.line_end = decl->end_lineno;

  if (decl->doc_comment) {
    ce->doc_comment = zend_string_copy(decl->doc_comment);
  }

  if (UNEXPECTED((decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_ANON_CLASS))) {
    /* Serialization is not supported for anonymous classes */
    ce->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_NOT_SERIALIZABLE;
  }

  if (extends_ast) {
    ce->parent_name =
      zend_resolve_const_class_name_reference(extends_ast, "class name");
  }

  CG(active_class_entry) = ce;

  if (decl->child[3]) {
    zend_compile_attributes(&ce->attributes, decl->child[3], 0, ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_CLASS, 0);
  }

  if (implements_ast) {
    zend_compile_implements(implements_ast);
  }

  if (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_ENUM) {
    if (enum_backing_type_ast != NULL) {
      zend_compile_enum_backing_type(ce, enum_backing_type_ast);
    }
    zend_enum_add_interfaces(ce);
    zend_enum_register_props(ce);
  }

  zend_compile_stmt(stmt_ast);

  /* Reset lineno for final opcodes and errors */
  CG(zend_lineno) = ast->lineno;

  if ((ce->ce_flags & (ZEND_ACC_IMPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS|ZEND_ACC_INTERFACE|ZEND_ACC_TRAIT|ZEND_ACC_EXPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS)) == ZEND_ACC_IMPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS) {
    zend_verify_abstract_class(ce);
  }

  CG(active_class_entry) = original_ce;

  if (toplevel) {
    ce->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_TOP_LEVEL;
  }

  /* We currently don't early-bind classes that implement interfaces or use traits */
  if (!ce->num_interfaces && !ce->num_traits && !ce->num_hooked_prop_variance_checks
#ifdef ZEND_OPCACHE_SHM_REATTACHMENT
   /* See zend_link_hooked_object_iter(). */
   && !ce->num_hooked_props
#endif
   && !(CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_WITHOUT_EXECUTION)) {
    if (toplevel) {
      if (extends_ast) {
        zend_class_entry *parent_ce = zend_lookup_class_ex(
          ce->parent_name, NULL, ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_NO_AUTOLOAD);

        if (parent_ce
         && !zend_compile_ignore_class(parent_ce, ce->info.user.filename)) {
          if (zend_try_early_bind(ce, parent_ce, lcname, NULL)) {
            zend_string_release(lcname);
            return;
          }
        }
      } else if (EXPECTED(zend_hash_add_ptr(CG(class_table), lcname, ce) != NULL)) {
        zend_string_release(lcname);
        zend_build_properties_info_table(ce);
        zend_inheritance_check_override(ce);
        ce->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_LINKED;
        zend_observer_class_linked_notify(ce, lcname);
        return;
      } else {
        goto link_unbound;
      }
    } else if (!extends_ast) {
link_unbound:
      /* Link unbound simple class */
      zend_build_properties_info_table(ce);
      zend_inheritance_check_override(ce);
      ce->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_LINKED;
    }
  }

  opline = get_next_op();

  if (ce->parent_name) {
    /* Lowercased parent name */
    zend_string *lc_parent_name = zend_string_tolower(ce->parent_name);
    opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
    LITERAL_STR(opline->op2, lc_parent_name);
  }

  opline->op1_type = IS_CONST;
  /* It's possible that `lcname` is not an interned string because it was not yet in the interned string table.
   * However, by this point another thread may have caused `lcname` to be added in the interned string table.
   * This will cause `lcname` to get freed once it is found in the interned string table. If we were to use
   * LITERAL_STR() here we would not change the `lcname` pointer to the new value, and it would point to the
   * now-freed string. This will cause issues when we use `lcname` in the code below. We solve this by using
   * zend_add_literal_string() which gives us the new value. */
  opline->op1.constant = zend_add_literal_string(&lcname);

  if (decl->flags & ZEND_ACC_ANON_CLASS) {
    opline->opcode = ZEND_DECLARE_ANON_CLASS;
    opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slot();
    zend_make_var_result(result, opline);
    if (!zend_hash_add_ptr(CG(class_table), lcname, ce)) {
      /* We checked above that the class name is not used. This really shouldn't happen. */
      zend_error_noreturn(E_ERROR,
        "Runtime definition key collision for %s. This is a bug", ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }
  } else {
    /* Generate RTD keys until we find one that isn't in use yet. */
    zend_string *key = NULL;
    do {
      zend_tmp_string_release(key);
      key = zend_build_runtime_definition_key(lcname, decl->start_lineno);
    } while (!zend_hash_add_ptr(CG(class_table), key, ce));

    /* RTD key is placed after lcname literal in op1 */
    zend_add_literal_string(&key);

    opline->opcode = ZEND_DECLARE_CLASS;
    if (toplevel
       && (CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_DELAYED_BINDING)
        /* We currently don't early-bind classes that implement interfaces or use traits */
       && !ce->num_interfaces && !ce->num_traits && !ce->num_hooked_prop_variance_checks
    ) {
      if (!extends_ast) {
        /* Use empty string for classes without parents to avoid new handler, and special
         * handling of zend_early_binding. */
        opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
        LITERAL_STR(opline->op2, ZSTR_EMPTY_ALLOC());
      }
      CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_EARLY_BINDING;
      opline->opcode = ZEND_DECLARE_CLASS_DELAYED;
      opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slot();
      opline->result_type = IS_UNUSED;
      opline->result.opline_num = -1;
    }
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_enum_case(zend_ast *ast)
{
  zend_class_entry *enum_class = CG(active_class_entry);
  if (!(enum_class->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_ENUM)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Case can only be used in enums");
  }

  zend_string *enum_case_name = zval_make_interned_string(zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0]));
  zend_string *enum_class_name = enum_class->name;

  zval class_name_zval;
  ZVAL_STR_COPY(&class_name_zval, enum_class_name);
  zend_ast *class_name_ast = zend_ast_create_zval(&class_name_zval);

  zval case_id_zval;
  int case_id = zend_enum_next_case_id(enum_class);
  ZVAL_LONG(&case_id_zval, case_id);
  zend_ast *case_id_ast = zend_ast_create_zval(&case_id_zval);

  zval case_name_zval;
  ZVAL_STR_COPY(&case_name_zval, enum_case_name);
  zend_ast *case_name_ast = zend_ast_create_zval(&case_name_zval);

  zend_ast *case_value_ast = ast->child[1];
  // Remove case_value_ast from the original AST to avoid freeing it, as it will be freed by zend_const_expr_to_zval
  ast->child[1] = NULL;
  if (enum_class->enum_backing_type != IS_UNDEF && case_value_ast == NULL) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Case %s of backed enum %s must have a value",
      ZSTR_VAL(enum_case_name),
      ZSTR_VAL(enum_class_name));
  } else if (enum_class->enum_backing_type == IS_UNDEF && case_value_ast != NULL) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Case %s of non-backed enum %s must not have a value",
      ZSTR_VAL(enum_case_name),
      ZSTR_VAL(enum_class_name));
  }

  zend_ast *const_enum_init_ast = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CONST_ENUM_INIT,
      class_name_ast, case_id_ast, case_name_ast, case_value_ast);

  zval value_zv;
  zend_const_expr_to_zval(&value_zv, &const_enum_init_ast, /* allow_dynamic */ false);

  /* Doc comment has been appended as second last element in ZEND_AST_ENUM ast - attributes are conventionally last */
  zend_ast *doc_comment_ast = ast->child[2];
  zend_string *doc_comment = NULL;
  if (doc_comment_ast) {
    doc_comment = zend_string_copy(zend_ast_get_str(doc_comment_ast));
  }

  zend_class_constant *c = zend_declare_class_constant_ex(enum_class, enum_case_name, &value_zv, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC, doc_comment);
  ZEND_CLASS_CONST_FLAGS(c) |= ZEND_CLASS_CONST_IS_CASE;
  zend_ast_destroy(const_enum_init_ast);

  zend_ast *attr_ast = ast->child[3];
  if (attr_ast) {
    zend_compile_attributes(&c->attributes, attr_ast, 0, ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_CLASS_CONST, 0);

    zend_attribute *deprecated = zend_get_attribute_str(c->attributes, "deprecated", sizeof("deprecated")-1);

    if (deprecated) {
      ZEND_CLASS_CONST_FLAGS(c) |= ZEND_ACC_DEPRECATED;
    }

    const zend_attribute *override = zend_get_attribute_str(c->attributes, "override", sizeof("override") - 1);
    if (override) {
      ZEND_CLASS_CONST_FLAGS(c) |= ZEND_ACC_OVERRIDE;
      /* We need to be able to remove the flag once the override is
       * resolved. See ZEND_ACC_DEPRECATED handling in
       * zend_compile_class_const_decl(). */
      enum_class->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_HAS_AST_CONSTANTS;
      enum_class->ce_flags &= ~ZEND_ACC_CONSTANTS_UPDATED;
    }
  }
}

static HashTable *zend_get_import_ht(uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  switch (type) {
    case ZEND_SYMBOL_CLASS:
      if (!FC(imports)) {
        FC(imports) = emalloc(sizeof(HashTable));
        zend_hash_init(FC(imports), 8, NULL, str_dtor, 0);
      }
      return FC(imports);
    case ZEND_SYMBOL_FUNCTION:
      if (!FC(imports_function)) {
        FC(imports_function) = emalloc(sizeof(HashTable));
        zend_hash_init(FC(imports_function), 8, NULL, str_dtor, 0);
      }
      return FC(imports_function);
    case ZEND_SYMBOL_CONST:
      if (!FC(imports_const)) {
        FC(imports_const) = emalloc(sizeof(HashTable));
        zend_hash_init(FC(imports_const), 8, NULL, str_dtor, 0);
      }
      return FC(imports_const);
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }

  return NULL;
}
/* }}} */

static char *zend_get_use_type_str(uint32_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  switch (type) {
    case ZEND_SYMBOL_CLASS:
      return "";
    case ZEND_SYMBOL_FUNCTION:
      return " function";
    case ZEND_SYMBOL_CONST:
      return " const";
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }

  return " unknown";
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_check_already_in_use(uint32_t type, const zend_string *old_name, const zend_string *new_name, const zend_string *check_name) /* {{{ */
{
  if (zend_string_equals_ci(old_name, check_name)) {
    return;
  }

  zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use%s %s as %s because the name "
    "is already in use", zend_get_use_type_str(type), ZSTR_VAL(old_name), ZSTR_VAL(new_name));
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_use(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  uint32_t i;
  zend_string *current_ns = FC(current_namespace);
  uint32_t type = ast->attr;
  HashTable *current_import = zend_get_import_ht(type);
  bool case_sensitive = type == ZEND_SYMBOL_CONST;

  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    const zend_ast *use_ast = list->child[i];
    zend_ast *old_name_ast = use_ast->child[0];
    zend_ast *new_name_ast = use_ast->child[1];
    zend_string *old_name = zend_ast_get_str(old_name_ast);
    zend_string *new_name, *lookup_name;

    if (new_name_ast) {
      new_name = zend_string_copy(zend_ast_get_str(new_name_ast));
    } else {
      const char *unqualified_name;
      size_t unqualified_name_len;
      if (zend_get_unqualified_name(old_name, &unqualified_name, &unqualified_name_len)) {
        /* The form "use A\B" is equivalent to "use A\B as B" */
        new_name = zend_string_init(unqualified_name, unqualified_name_len, 0);
      } else {
        new_name = zend_string_copy(old_name);

        if (!current_ns) {
          zend_error(E_WARNING, "The use statement with non-compound name '%s' "
            "has no effect", ZSTR_VAL(new_name));
        }
      }
    }

    if (case_sensitive) {
      lookup_name = zend_string_copy(new_name);
    } else {
      lookup_name = zend_string_tolower(new_name);
    }

    if (type == ZEND_SYMBOL_CLASS && zend_is_reserved_class_name(new_name)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use %s as %s because '%s' "
        "is a special class name", ZSTR_VAL(old_name), ZSTR_VAL(new_name), ZSTR_VAL(new_name));
    }

    if (
      zend_string_equals(new_name, ZSTR_CHAR('_'))
      || zend_string_equals_literal_ci(new_name, "let")
      || zend_string_equals_literal_ci(new_name, "is")
    ) {
      switch (type) {
        case ZEND_SYMBOL_CLASS:
          zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Using \"%pS\" as a class name is deprecated", new_name);
          break;
        case ZEND_SYMBOL_CONST:
          zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Using \"%pS\" as a constant name is deprecated since 8.6", new_name);
          break;
        case ZEND_SYMBOL_FUNCTION:
          if (zend_string_equals(new_name, ZSTR_CHAR('_'))) {
            break;
          }
          zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Using \"%pS\" as a function name is deprecated since 8.6", new_name);
          break;
        default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
      }
    }

    if (current_ns) {
      zend_string *ns_name = zend_string_alloc(ZSTR_LEN(current_ns) + 1 + ZSTR_LEN(new_name), 0);
      zend_str_tolower_copy(ZSTR_VAL(ns_name), ZSTR_VAL(current_ns), ZSTR_LEN(current_ns));
      ZSTR_VAL(ns_name)[ZSTR_LEN(current_ns)] = '\\';
      memcpy(ZSTR_VAL(ns_name) + ZSTR_LEN(current_ns) + 1, ZSTR_VAL(lookup_name), ZSTR_LEN(lookup_name) + 1);

      if (zend_have_seen_symbol(ns_name, type)) {
        zend_check_already_in_use(type, old_name, new_name, ns_name);
      }

      zend_string_efree(ns_name);
    } else if (zend_have_seen_symbol(lookup_name, type)) {
      zend_check_already_in_use(type, old_name, new_name, lookup_name);
    }

    zend_string_addref(old_name);
    old_name = zend_new_interned_string(old_name);
    if (!zend_hash_add_ptr(current_import, lookup_name, old_name)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use%s %s as %s because the name "
        "is already in use", zend_get_use_type_str(type), ZSTR_VAL(old_name), ZSTR_VAL(new_name));
    }

    zend_string_release_ex(lookup_name, 0);
    zend_string_release_ex(new_name, 0);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_group_use(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t i;
  const zend_string *ns = zend_ast_get_str(ast->child[0]);
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast->child[1]);

  for (i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
    zend_ast *inline_use, *use = list->child[i];
    zval *name_zval = zend_ast_get_zval(use->child[0]);
    zend_string *name = Z_STR_P(name_zval);
    zend_string *compound_ns = zend_concat_names(ZSTR_VAL(ns), ZSTR_LEN(ns), ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_LEN(name));
    zend_string_release_ex(name, 0);
    ZVAL_STR(name_zval, compound_ns);
    inline_use = zend_ast_create_list(1, ZEND_AST_USE, use);
    inline_use->attr = ast->attr ? ast->attr : use->attr;
    zend_compile_use(inline_use);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_const_decl(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  uint32_t i;
  zend_ast *attributes_ast = NULL;
  zend_op *last_op = NULL;
  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *const_ast = list->child[i];
    if (const_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ATTRIBUTE_LIST) {
      ZEND_ASSERT(i == list->children - 1);
      attributes_ast = const_ast;
      continue;
    }
    ZEND_ASSERT(const_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CONST_ELEM);
    zend_ast *name_ast = const_ast->child[0];
    zend_ast **value_ast_ptr = &const_ast->child[1];
    zend_string *unqualified_name = zend_ast_get_str(name_ast);

    zend_string *name;
    znode name_node, value_node;
    zval *value_zv = &value_node.u.constant;

    value_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
    zend_const_expr_to_zval(value_zv, value_ast_ptr, /* allow_dynamic */ true);

    if (zend_get_special_const(ZSTR_VAL(unqualified_name), ZSTR_LEN(unqualified_name))) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "Cannot redeclare constant '%s'", ZSTR_VAL(unqualified_name));
    }

    name = zend_prefix_with_ns(unqualified_name);
    name = zend_new_interned_string(name);

    if (FC(imports_const)) {
      zend_string *import_name = zend_hash_find_ptr(FC(imports_const), unqualified_name);
      if (import_name && !zend_string_equals(import_name, name)) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot declare const %s because "
          "the name is already in use", ZSTR_VAL(name));
      }
    }

    name_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_STR(&name_node.u.constant, name);

    last_op = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_DECLARE_CONST, &name_node, &value_node);

    zend_register_seen_symbol(name, ZEND_SYMBOL_CONST);
  }
  if (attributes_ast == NULL) {
    return;
  }
  /* Validate: attributes can only be applied to one constant at a time
   * Since we store the AST for the attributes in the list of children,
   * there should be exactly 2 children. */
  if (list->children > 2) {
    zend_error_noreturn(
      E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "Cannot apply attributes to multiple constants at once"
    );
  }

  HashTable *attributes = NULL;
  zend_compile_attributes(&attributes, list->child[1], 0, ZEND_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_CONST, 0);

  ZEND_ASSERT(last_op != NULL);
  last_op->opcode = ZEND_DECLARE_ATTRIBUTED_CONST;
  znode attribs_node;
  attribs_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
  ZVAL_PTR(&attribs_node.u.constant, attributes);
  zend_emit_op_data(&attribs_node);
  CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_PTR_OPS;
}
/* }}}*/

static void zend_compile_namespace(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *name_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *stmt_ast = ast->child[1];
  zend_string *name;
  bool with_bracket = stmt_ast != NULL;

  /* handle mixed syntax declaration or nested namespaces */
  if (!FC(has_bracketed_namespaces)) {
    if (FC(current_namespace)) {
      /* previous namespace declarations were unbracketed */
      if (with_bracket) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot mix bracketed namespace declarations "
          "with unbracketed namespace declarations");
      }
    }
  } else {
    /* previous namespace declarations were bracketed */
    if (!with_bracket) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot mix bracketed namespace declarations "
        "with unbracketed namespace declarations");
    } else if (FC(current_namespace) || FC(in_namespace)) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Namespace declarations cannot be nested");
    }
  }

  bool is_first_namespace = (!with_bracket && !FC(current_namespace))
    || (with_bracket && !FC(has_bracketed_namespaces));
  if (is_first_namespace && FAILURE == zend_is_first_statement(ast, /* allow_nop */ true)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Namespace declaration statement has to be "
      "the very first statement or after any declare call in the script");
  }

  if (FC(current_namespace)) {
    zend_string_release_ex(FC(current_namespace), 0);
  }

  if (name_ast) {
    name = zend_ast_get_str(name_ast);

    if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(name, "namespace")) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use '%s' as namespace name", ZSTR_VAL(name));
    }

    FC(current_namespace) = zend_string_copy(name);
  } else {
    FC(current_namespace) = NULL;
  }

  zend_reset_import_tables();

  FC(in_namespace) = 1;
  if (with_bracket) {
    FC(has_bracketed_namespaces) = 1;
  }

  if (stmt_ast) {
    zend_compile_top_stmt(stmt_ast);
    zend_end_namespace();
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_halt_compiler(const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *offset_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_long offset = Z_LVAL_P(zend_ast_get_zval(offset_ast));

  const char const_name[] = "__COMPILER_HALT_OFFSET__";

  if (FC(has_bracketed_namespaces) && FC(in_namespace)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "__HALT_COMPILER() can only be used from the outermost scope");
  }

  const zend_string *filename = zend_get_compiled_filename();
  zend_string *name = zend_mangle_property_name(const_name, sizeof(const_name) - 1,
    ZSTR_VAL(filename), ZSTR_LEN(filename), false);

  /* Avoid repeated declaration of the __COMPILER_HALT_OFFSET__ constant in
   * case this file was already included. */
  if (!zend_hash_find(EG(zend_constants), name)) {
    zend_register_long_constant(ZSTR_VAL(name), ZSTR_LEN(name), offset, 0, 0);
  }
  zend_string_release_ex(name, 0);
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_try_ct_eval_magic_const(zval *zv, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_op_array *op_array = CG(active_op_array);
  const zend_class_entry *ce = CG(active_class_entry);

  switch (ast->attr) {
    case T_LINE:
      ZVAL_LONG(zv, ast->lineno);
      break;
    case T_FILE:
      ZVAL_STR_COPY(zv, CG(compiled_filename));
      break;
    case T_DIR:
    {
      const zend_string *filename = CG(compiled_filename);
      zend_string *dirname = zend_string_init(ZSTR_VAL(filename), ZSTR_LEN(filename), 0);
#ifdef ZEND_WIN32
      ZSTR_LEN(dirname) = php_win32_ioutil_dirname(ZSTR_VAL(dirname), ZSTR_LEN(dirname));
#else
      ZSTR_LEN(dirname) = zend_dirname(ZSTR_VAL(dirname), ZSTR_LEN(dirname));
#endif

      if (zend_string_equals_literal(dirname, ".")) {
        dirname = zend_string_extend(dirname, MAXPATHLEN, 0);
#ifdef HAVE_GETCWD
        ZEND_IGNORE_VALUE(VCWD_GETCWD(ZSTR_VAL(dirname), MAXPATHLEN));
#elif defined(HAVE_GETWD)
        ZEND_IGNORE_VALUE(VCWD_GETWD(ZSTR_VAL(dirname)));
#endif
        ZSTR_LEN(dirname) = strlen(ZSTR_VAL(dirname));
      }

      ZVAL_STR(zv, dirname);
      break;
    }
    case T_FUNC_C:
      if (op_array && op_array->function_name) {
        ZVAL_STR_COPY(zv, op_array->function_name);
      } else {
        ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(zv);
      }
      break;
    case T_PROPERTY_C: {
      zend_string *prop_info_name = CG(context).active_property_info_name;
      if (prop_info_name) {
        ZVAL_STR(zv, zend_copy_unmangled_prop_name(prop_info_name));
      } else {
        ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(zv);
      }
      break;
    }
    case T_METHOD_C:
      /* Detect whether we are directly inside a class (e.g. a class constant) and treat
       * this as not being inside a function. */
      if (op_array && ce && !op_array->scope && !(op_array->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_CLOSURE)) {
        op_array = NULL;
      }
      if (op_array && op_array->function_name) {
        if (op_array->scope) {
          ZVAL_NEW_STR(zv,
            zend_create_member_string(op_array->scope->name, op_array->function_name));
        } else {
          ZVAL_STR_COPY(zv, op_array->function_name);
        }
      } else {
        ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(zv);
      }
      break;
    case T_CLASS_C:
      if (ce) {
        if ((ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_TRAIT) != 0) {
          return 0;
        } else {
          ZVAL_STR_COPY(zv, ce->name);
        }
      } else {
        ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(zv);
      }
      break;
    case T_TRAIT_C:
      if (ce && (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_TRAIT) != 0) {
        ZVAL_STR_COPY(zv, ce->name);
      } else {
        ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(zv);
      }
      break;
    case T_NS_C:
      if (FC(current_namespace)) {
        ZVAL_STR_COPY(zv, FC(current_namespace));
      } else {
        ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(zv);
      }
      break;
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }

  return true;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API bool zend_is_op_long_compatible(const zval *op)
{
  if (Z_TYPE_P(op) == IS_ARRAY) {
    return false;
  }

  if (Z_TYPE_P(op) == IS_DOUBLE
    && !zend_is_long_compatible(Z_DVAL_P(op), zend_dval_to_lval_silent(Z_DVAL_P(op)))) {
    return false;
  }

  if (Z_TYPE_P(op) == IS_STRING) {
    double dval = 0;
    uint8_t is_num = is_numeric_str_function(Z_STR_P(op), NULL, &dval);
    if (is_num == 0 || (is_num == IS_DOUBLE && !zend_is_long_compatible(dval, zend_dval_to_lval_silent(dval)))) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

ZEND_API bool zend_binary_op_produces_error(uint32_t opcode, const zval *op1, const zval *op2) /* {{{ */
{
  if ((opcode == ZEND_CONCAT || opcode == ZEND_FAST_CONCAT)) {
    /* Array to string warning. */
    return Z_TYPE_P(op1) == IS_ARRAY || Z_TYPE_P(op2) == IS_ARRAY;
  }

  if (!(opcode == ZEND_ADD || opcode == ZEND_SUB || opcode == ZEND_MUL || opcode == ZEND_DIV
               || opcode == ZEND_POW || opcode == ZEND_MOD || opcode == ZEND_SL || opcode == ZEND_SR
               || opcode == ZEND_BW_OR || opcode == ZEND_BW_AND || opcode == ZEND_BW_XOR)) {
    /* Only the numeric operations throw errors. */
    return 0;
  }

  if (Z_TYPE_P(op1) == IS_ARRAY || Z_TYPE_P(op2) == IS_ARRAY) {
    if (opcode == ZEND_ADD && Z_TYPE_P(op1) == IS_ARRAY && Z_TYPE_P(op2) == IS_ARRAY) {
      /* Adding two arrays is allowed. */
      return 0;
    }

    /* Numeric operators throw when one of the operands is an array. */
    return 1;
  }

  /* While basic arithmetic operators always produce numeric string errors,
   * bitwise operators don't produce errors if both operands are strings */
  if ((opcode == ZEND_BW_OR || opcode == ZEND_BW_AND || opcode == ZEND_BW_XOR)
    && Z_TYPE_P(op1) == IS_STRING && Z_TYPE_P(op2) == IS_STRING) {
    return 0;
  }

  if (Z_TYPE_P(op1) == IS_STRING
    && !is_numeric_string(Z_STRVAL_P(op1), Z_STRLEN_P(op1), NULL, NULL, 0)) {
    return 1;
  }

  if (Z_TYPE_P(op2) == IS_STRING
    && !is_numeric_string(Z_STRVAL_P(op2), Z_STRLEN_P(op2), NULL, NULL, 0)) {
    return 1;
  }

  /* Operation which cast float/float-strings to integers might produce incompatible float to int errors */
  if (opcode == ZEND_SL || opcode == ZEND_SR || opcode == ZEND_BW_OR
      || opcode == ZEND_BW_AND || opcode == ZEND_BW_XOR) {
    if (!zend_is_op_long_compatible(op1) || !zend_is_op_long_compatible(op2)) {
      return 1;
    }
  }

  if (opcode == ZEND_DIV && zval_get_double(op2) == 0.0) {
    /* Division by zero throws an error. */
    return 1;
  }

  /* Mod is an operation that will cast float/float-strings to integers which might
     produce float to int incompatible errors, and also cannot be divided by 0 */
  if (opcode == ZEND_MOD) {
    if (!zend_is_op_long_compatible(op1) || !zend_is_op_long_compatible(op2) || zval_get_long(op2) == 0) {
      return 1;
    }
  }

  if ((opcode == ZEND_POW) && zval_get_double(op1) == 0 && zval_get_double(op2) < 0) {
    /* 0 ** (<0) throws a division by zero error. */
    return 1;
  }
  if ((opcode == ZEND_SL || opcode == ZEND_SR) && zval_get_long(op2) < 0) {
    /* Shift by negative number throws an error. */
    return 1;
  }

  return 0;
}
/* }}} */

static inline bool zend_try_ct_eval_binary_op(zval *result, uint32_t opcode, zval *op1, zval *op2) /* {{{ */
{
  if (zend_binary_op_produces_error(opcode, op1, op2)) {
    return false;
  }

  const binary_op_type fn = get_binary_op(opcode);
  fn(result, op1, op2);
  return true;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API bool zend_unary_op_produces_error(uint32_t opcode, const zval *op)
{
  if (opcode == ZEND_BW_NOT) {
    /* BW_NOT on string does not convert the string into an integer. */
    if (Z_TYPE_P(op) == IS_STRING) {
      return 0;
    }
    return Z_TYPE_P(op) <= IS_TRUE || !zend_is_op_long_compatible(op);
  }
  /* Can happen when called from zend_optimizer_eval_unary_op() */
  if (opcode == ZEND_BOOL || opcode == ZEND_BOOL_NOT) {
    /* ZEND_BOOL/ZEND_BOOL_NOT warns when casting NAN. */
    return Z_TYPE_P(op) == IS_DOUBLE;
  }

  return 0;
}

static inline bool zend_try_ct_eval_unary_op(zval *result, uint32_t opcode, zval *op) /* {{{ */
{
  if (zend_unary_op_produces_error(opcode, op)) {
    return false;
  }

  const unary_op_type fn = get_unary_op(opcode);
  fn(result, op);
  return true;
}
/* }}} */

static inline bool zend_try_ct_eval_unary_pm(zval *result, zend_ast_kind kind, zval *op) /* {{{ */
{
  zval right;
  ZVAL_LONG(&right, (kind == ZEND_AST_UNARY_PLUS) ? 1 : -1);
  return zend_try_ct_eval_binary_op(result, ZEND_MUL, op, &right);
}
/* }}} */

static inline void zend_ct_eval_greater(zval *result, zend_ast_kind kind, zval *op1, zval *op2) /* {{{ */
{
  const binary_op_type fn = kind == ZEND_AST_GREATER
    ? is_smaller_function : is_smaller_or_equal_function;
  fn(result, op2, op1);
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_try_ct_eval_array(zval *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  zend_ast *last_elem_ast = NULL;
  uint32_t i;
  bool is_constant = true;

  if (ast->attr == ZEND_ARRAY_SYNTAX_LIST) {
    zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use list() as standalone expression");
  }

  /* First ensure that *all* child nodes are constant and by-val */
  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *elem_ast = list->child[i];

    if (elem_ast == NULL) {
      /* Report error at line of last non-empty element */
      if (last_elem_ast) {
        CG(zend_lineno) = zend_ast_get_lineno(last_elem_ast);
      }
      zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use empty array elements in arrays");
    }

    if (elem_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_UNPACK) {
      zend_eval_const_expr(&elem_ast->child[0]);
      zend_eval_const_expr(&elem_ast->child[1]);

      if (elem_ast->attr /* by_ref */ || elem_ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL
        || (elem_ast->child[1] && elem_ast->child[1]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL)
      ) {
        is_constant = false;
      }
    } else {
      zend_eval_const_expr(&elem_ast->child[0]);

      if (elem_ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        is_constant = false;
      }
    }

    last_elem_ast = elem_ast;
  }

  if (!is_constant) {
    return false;
  }

  if (!list->children) {
    ZVAL_EMPTY_ARRAY(result);
    return true;
  }

  array_init_size(result, list->children);
  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    const zend_ast *elem_ast = list->child[i];
    zend_ast *value_ast = elem_ast->child[0];
    zend_ast *key_ast;

    zval *value = zend_ast_get_zval(value_ast);
    if (elem_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_UNPACK) {
      if (Z_TYPE_P(value) == IS_ARRAY) {
        const HashTable *ht = Z_ARRVAL_P(value);
        zval *val;
        zend_string *key;

        ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_STR_KEY_VAL(ht, key, val) {
          if (key) {
            zend_hash_update(Z_ARRVAL_P(result), key, val);
          } else if (!zend_hash_next_index_insert(Z_ARRVAL_P(result), val)) {
            zval_ptr_dtor(result);
            return 0;
          }
          Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(val);
        } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();

        continue;
      } else {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Only arrays and Traversables can be unpacked, %s given", zend_zval_value_name(value));
      }
    }

    Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(value);

    key_ast = elem_ast->child[1];
    if (key_ast) {
      const zval *key = zend_ast_get_zval(key_ast);
      switch (Z_TYPE_P(key)) {
        case IS_LONG:
          zend_hash_index_update(Z_ARRVAL_P(result), Z_LVAL_P(key), value);
          break;
        case IS_STRING:
          zend_symtable_update(Z_ARRVAL_P(result), Z_STR_P(key), value);
          break;
        case IS_DOUBLE: {
          zend_long lval = zend_dval_to_lval_silent(Z_DVAL_P(key));
          /* Incompatible float will generate an error, leave this to run-time */
          if (!zend_is_long_compatible(Z_DVAL_P(key), lval)) {
            goto fail;
          }
          zend_hash_index_update(Z_ARRVAL_P(result), lval, value);
          break;
        }
        case IS_FALSE:
          zend_hash_index_update(Z_ARRVAL_P(result), 0, value);
          break;
        case IS_TRUE:
          zend_hash_index_update(Z_ARRVAL_P(result), 1, value);
          break;
        case IS_NULL:
          /* Null key will generate a warning at run-time. */
          goto fail;
        default:
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Illegal offset type");
      }
    } else if (!zend_hash_next_index_insert(Z_ARRVAL_P(result), value)) {
fail:
      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(value);
      zval_ptr_dtor(result);
      return 0;
    }
  }

  return true;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_binary_op(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *left_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *right_ast = ast->child[1];
  uint32_t opcode = ast->attr;

  znode left_node, right_node;

  zend_compile_expr(&left_node, left_ast);
  zend_compile_expr(&right_node, right_ast);

  if (left_node.op_type == IS_CONST && right_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    if (zend_try_ct_eval_binary_op(&result->u.constant, opcode,
        &left_node.u.constant, &right_node.u.constant)
    ) {
      result->op_type = IS_CONST;
      zval_ptr_dtor(&left_node.u.constant);
      zval_ptr_dtor(&right_node.u.constant);
      return;
    }
  }

  do {
    if (opcode == ZEND_IS_IDENTICAL || opcode == ZEND_IS_NOT_IDENTICAL) {
      /* convert $x === null to is_null($x) (i.e. ZEND_TYPE_CHECK opcode). Do the same thing for false/true. (covers IS_NULL, IS_FALSE, and IS_TRUE) */
      if (left_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
        if (Z_TYPE(left_node.u.constant) <= IS_TRUE && Z_TYPE(left_node.u.constant) >= IS_NULL) {
          zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_TYPE_CHECK, &right_node, NULL);
          opline->extended_value =
            (opcode == ZEND_IS_IDENTICAL) ?
              (1 << Z_TYPE(left_node.u.constant)) :
              (MAY_BE_ANY - (1 << Z_TYPE(left_node.u.constant)));
          return;
        }
      } else if (right_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
        if (Z_TYPE(right_node.u.constant) <= IS_TRUE && Z_TYPE(right_node.u.constant) >= IS_NULL) {
          zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_TYPE_CHECK, &left_node, NULL);
          opline->extended_value =
            (opcode == ZEND_IS_IDENTICAL) ?
              (1 << Z_TYPE(right_node.u.constant)) :
              (MAY_BE_ANY - (1 << Z_TYPE(right_node.u.constant)));
          return;
        }
      }
    } else if (opcode == ZEND_CONCAT) {
      /* convert constant operands to strings at compile-time */
      if (left_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
        if (Z_TYPE(left_node.u.constant) == IS_ARRAY) {
          zend_emit_op_tmp(&left_node, ZEND_CAST, &left_node, NULL)->extended_value = IS_STRING;
        } else {
          convert_to_string(&left_node.u.constant);
        }
      }
      if (right_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
        if (Z_TYPE(right_node.u.constant) == IS_ARRAY) {
          zend_emit_op_tmp(&right_node, ZEND_CAST, &right_node, NULL)->extended_value = IS_STRING;
        } else {
          convert_to_string(&right_node.u.constant);
        }
      }
      if (left_node.op_type == IS_CONST && right_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
        opcode = ZEND_FAST_CONCAT;
      }
    }
    zend_emit_op_tmp(result, opcode, &left_node, &right_node);
  } while (0);
}
/* }}} */

/* We do not use zend_compile_binary_op for this because we want to retain the left-to-right
 * evaluation order. */
static void zend_compile_greater(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *left_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *right_ast = ast->child[1];
  znode left_node, right_node;

  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_GREATER || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_GREATER_EQUAL);

  zend_compile_expr(&left_node, left_ast);
  zend_compile_expr(&right_node, right_ast);

  if (left_node.op_type == IS_CONST && right_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    zend_ct_eval_greater(&result->u.constant, ast->kind,
      &left_node.u.constant, &right_node.u.constant);
    zval_ptr_dtor(&left_node.u.constant);
    zval_ptr_dtor(&right_node.u.constant);
    return;
  }

  zend_emit_op_tmp(result,
    ast->kind == ZEND_AST_GREATER ? ZEND_IS_SMALLER : ZEND_IS_SMALLER_OR_EQUAL,
    &right_node, &left_node);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_unary_op(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];
  uint32_t opcode = ast->attr;

  znode expr_node;
  zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

  if (expr_node.op_type == IS_CONST
      && zend_try_ct_eval_unary_op(&result->u.constant, opcode, &expr_node.u.constant)) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    zval_ptr_dtor(&expr_node.u.constant);
    return;
  }

  zend_emit_op_tmp(result, opcode, &expr_node, NULL);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_unary_pm(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];
  znode expr_node, right_node;

  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_UNARY_PLUS || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_UNARY_MINUS);

  zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

  if (expr_node.op_type == IS_CONST
    && zend_try_ct_eval_unary_pm(&result->u.constant, ast->kind, &expr_node.u.constant)) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    zval_ptr_dtor(&expr_node.u.constant);
    return;
  }

  right_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
  ZVAL_LONG(&right_node.u.constant, (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_UNARY_PLUS) ? 1 : -1);
  zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_MUL, &expr_node, &right_node);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_short_circuiting(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *left_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *right_ast = ast->child[1];

  znode left_node, right_node;
  zend_op *opline_jmpz, *opline_bool;
  uint32_t opnum_jmpz;

  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_AND || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_OR);

  zend_compile_expr(&left_node, left_ast);

  if (left_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    if ((ast->kind == ZEND_AST_AND && !zend_is_true(&left_node.u.constant))
     || (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_OR && zend_is_true(&left_node.u.constant))) {
      result->op_type = IS_CONST;
      ZVAL_BOOL(&result->u.constant, zend_is_true(&left_node.u.constant));
    } else {
      zend_compile_expr(&right_node, right_ast);

      if (right_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
        result->op_type = IS_CONST;
        ZVAL_BOOL(&result->u.constant, zend_is_true(&right_node.u.constant));

        zval_ptr_dtor(&right_node.u.constant);
      } else {
        zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_BOOL, &right_node, NULL);
      }
    }

    zval_ptr_dtor(&left_node.u.constant);
    return;
  }

  opnum_jmpz = get_next_op_number();
  opline_jmpz = zend_emit_op(NULL, ast->kind == ZEND_AST_AND ? ZEND_JMPZ_EX : ZEND_JMPNZ_EX,
    &left_node, NULL);

  if (left_node.op_type == IS_TMP_VAR) {
    SET_NODE(opline_jmpz->result, &left_node);
    GET_NODE(result, opline_jmpz->result);
  } else {
    zend_make_tmp_result(result, opline_jmpz);
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&right_node, right_ast);

  opline_bool = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_BOOL, &right_node, NULL);
  SET_NODE(opline_bool->result, result);

  zend_update_jump_target_to_next(opnum_jmpz);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_post_incdec(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *var_ast = ast->child[0];
  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_POST_INC || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_POST_DEC);

  zend_ensure_writable_variable(var_ast);

  if (var_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PROP || var_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP) {
    zend_op *opline = zend_compile_prop(NULL, var_ast, BP_VAR_RW, false);
    opline->opcode = ast->kind == ZEND_AST_POST_INC ? ZEND_POST_INC_OBJ : ZEND_POST_DEC_OBJ;
    zend_make_tmp_result(result, opline);
  } else if (var_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP) {
    zend_op *opline = zend_compile_static_prop(NULL, var_ast, BP_VAR_RW, false, false);
    opline->opcode = ast->kind == ZEND_AST_POST_INC ? ZEND_POST_INC_STATIC_PROP : ZEND_POST_DEC_STATIC_PROP;
    zend_make_tmp_result(result, opline);
  } else {
    znode var_node;
    zend_op *opline = zend_compile_var(&var_node, var_ast, BP_VAR_RW, false);
    if (opline && opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_DIM_RW) {
      opline->extended_value = ZEND_FETCH_DIM_INCDEC;
    }
    zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ast->kind == ZEND_AST_POST_INC ? ZEND_POST_INC : ZEND_POST_DEC,
      &var_node, NULL);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_pre_incdec(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *var_ast = ast->child[0];
  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PRE_INC || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PRE_DEC);

  zend_ensure_writable_variable(var_ast);

  if (var_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PROP || var_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP) {
    zend_op *opline = zend_compile_prop(result, var_ast, BP_VAR_RW, false);
    opline->opcode = ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PRE_INC ? ZEND_PRE_INC_OBJ : ZEND_PRE_DEC_OBJ;
    opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  } else if (var_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP) {
    zend_op *opline = zend_compile_static_prop(result, var_ast, BP_VAR_RW, false, false);
    opline->opcode = ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PRE_INC ? ZEND_PRE_INC_STATIC_PROP : ZEND_PRE_DEC_STATIC_PROP;
    opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  } else {
    znode var_node;
    zend_op *opline = zend_compile_var(&var_node, var_ast, BP_VAR_RW, false);
    if (opline && opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_DIM_RW) {
      opline->extended_value = ZEND_FETCH_DIM_INCDEC;
    }
    zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ast->kind == ZEND_AST_PRE_INC ? ZEND_PRE_INC : ZEND_PRE_DEC,
      &var_node, NULL);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_cast(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];
  znode expr_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

  if (ast->attr == _IS_BOOL) {
    opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_BOOL, &expr_node, NULL);
  } else if (ast->attr == IS_NULL) {
    zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "The (unset) cast is no longer supported");
  } else {
    opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_CAST, &expr_node, NULL);
    opline->extended_value = ast->attr;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_shorthand_conditional(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *cond_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *false_ast = ast->child[2];

  znode cond_node, false_node;
  zend_op *opline_qm_assign;
  uint32_t opnum_jmp_set;

  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->child[1] == NULL);

  zend_compile_expr(&cond_node, cond_ast);

  opnum_jmp_set = get_next_op_number();
  zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_JMP_SET, &cond_node, NULL);

  zend_compile_expr(&false_node, false_ast);

  opline_qm_assign = zend_emit_op_tmp(NULL, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &false_node, NULL);
  SET_NODE(opline_qm_assign->result, result);

  zend_update_jump_target_to_next(opnum_jmp_set);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_conditional(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *cond_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *true_ast = ast->child[1];
  zend_ast *false_ast = ast->child[2];

  znode cond_node, true_node, false_node;
  zend_op *opline_qm_assign2;
  uint32_t opnum_jmpz, opnum_jmp;

  if (cond_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CONDITIONAL
      && cond_ast->attr != ZEND_PARENTHESIZED_CONDITIONAL) {
    if (cond_ast->child[1]) {
      if (true_ast) {
        zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Unparenthesized `a ? b : c ? d : e` is not supported. "
          "Use either `(a ? b : c) ? d : e` or `a ? b : (c ? d : e)`");
      } else {
        zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Unparenthesized `a ? b : c ?: d` is not supported. "
          "Use either `(a ? b : c) ?: d` or `a ? b : (c ?: d)`");
      }
    } else {
      if (true_ast) {
        zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Unparenthesized `a ?: b ? c : d` is not supported. "
          "Use either `(a ?: b) ? c : d` or `a ?: (b ? c : d)`");
      } else {
        /* This case is harmless:  (a ?: b) ?: c always produces the same result
         * as a ?: (b ?: c). */
      }
    }
  }

  if (!true_ast) {
    zend_compile_shorthand_conditional(result, ast);
    return;
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&cond_node, cond_ast);

  opnum_jmpz = zend_emit_cond_jump(ZEND_JMPZ, &cond_node, 0);

  zend_compile_expr(&true_node, true_ast);

  zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &true_node, NULL);

  opnum_jmp = zend_emit_jump(0);

  zend_update_jump_target_to_next(opnum_jmpz);

  zend_compile_expr(&false_node, false_ast);

  opline_qm_assign2 = zend_emit_op_tmp(NULL, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &false_node, NULL);
  SET_NODE(opline_qm_assign2->result, result);

  zend_update_jump_target_to_next(opnum_jmp);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_coalesce(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *default_ast = ast->child[1];

  znode expr_node, default_node;
  zend_op *opline;
  uint32_t opnum;

  zend_compile_var(&expr_node, expr_ast, BP_VAR_IS, false);

  opnum = get_next_op_number();
  zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_COALESCE, &expr_node, NULL);

  zend_compile_expr(&default_node, default_ast);

  opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(NULL, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &default_node, NULL);
  SET_NODE(opline->result, result);

  opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum];
  opline->op2.opline_num = get_next_op_number();
}
/* }}} */

static void znode_dtor(zval *zv) {
  znode *node = Z_PTR_P(zv);
  if (node->op_type == IS_CONST) {
    zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(&node->u.constant);
  }
  efree(node);
}

static void zend_compile_assign_coalesce(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *var_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *default_ast = ast->child[1];

  znode var_node_is, var_node_w, default_node, assign_node, *node;
  zend_op *opline;
  uint32_t coalesce_opnum;
  bool need_frees = false;

  /* Remember expressions compiled during the initial BP_VAR_IS lookup,
   * to avoid double-evaluation when we compile again with BP_VAR_W. */
  HashTable *orig_memoized_exprs = CG(memoized_exprs);
  const zend_memoize_mode orig_memoize_mode = CG(memoize_mode);

  zend_ensure_writable_variable(var_ast);
  if (is_this_fetch(var_ast)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot re-assign $this");
  }

  ALLOC_HASHTABLE(CG(memoized_exprs));
  zend_hash_init(CG(memoized_exprs), 0, NULL, znode_dtor, 0);

  CG(memoize_mode) = ZEND_MEMOIZE_COMPILE;
  zend_compile_var(&var_node_is, var_ast, BP_VAR_IS, false);

  coalesce_opnum = get_next_op_number();
  zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_COALESCE, &var_node_is, NULL);

  CG(memoize_mode) = ZEND_MEMOIZE_NONE;
  if (var_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_DIM) {
    zend_compile_expr_with_potential_assign_to_self(&default_node, default_ast, var_ast);
  } else {
    zend_compile_expr(&default_node, default_ast);
  }

  CG(memoize_mode) = ZEND_MEMOIZE_FETCH;
  zend_compile_var(&var_node_w, var_ast, BP_VAR_W, false);

  /* Reproduce some of the zend_compile_assign() opcode fixup logic here. */
  opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[CG(active_op_array)->last-1];
  /* Treat $GLOBALS['x'] assignment like assignment to variable. */
  zend_ast_kind kind = is_global_var_fetch(var_ast) ? ZEND_AST_VAR : var_ast->kind;
  switch (kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_VAR:
      zend_emit_op_tmp(&assign_node, ZEND_ASSIGN, &var_node_w, &default_node);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP:
      opline->opcode = ZEND_ASSIGN_STATIC_PROP;
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      var_node_w.op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      zend_emit_op_data(&default_node);
      assign_node = var_node_w;
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
      opline->opcode = ZEND_ASSIGN_DIM;
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      var_node_w.op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      zend_emit_op_data(&default_node);
      assign_node = var_node_w;
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
      opline->opcode = ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ;
      opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      var_node_w.op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
      zend_emit_op_data(&default_node);
      assign_node = var_node_w;
      break;
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }

  opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(NULL, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &assign_node, NULL);
  SET_NODE(opline->result, result);

  ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_PTR(CG(memoized_exprs), node) {
    if (node->op_type == IS_TMP_VAR || node->op_type == IS_VAR) {
      need_frees = true;
      break;
    }
  } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();

  /* Free DUPed expressions if there are any */
  if (need_frees) {
    uint32_t jump_opnum = zend_emit_jump(0);
    zend_update_jump_target_to_next(coalesce_opnum);
    ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_PTR(CG(memoized_exprs), node) {
      if (node->op_type == IS_TMP_VAR || node->op_type == IS_VAR) {
        zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_FREE, node, NULL);
      }
    } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
    zend_update_jump_target_to_next(jump_opnum);
  } else {
    zend_update_jump_target_to_next(coalesce_opnum);
  }

  zend_hash_destroy(CG(memoized_exprs));
  FREE_HASHTABLE(CG(memoized_exprs));
  CG(memoized_exprs) = orig_memoized_exprs;
  CG(memoize_mode) = orig_memoize_mode;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_print(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline;
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];

  znode expr_node;
  zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

  opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_ECHO, &expr_node, NULL);
  opline->extended_value = 1;

  result->op_type = IS_CONST;
  ZVAL_LONG(&result->u.constant, 1);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_yield(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *value_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *key_ast = ast->child[1];

  znode value_node, key_node;
  znode *value_node_ptr = NULL, *key_node_ptr = NULL;
  zend_op *opline;
  bool returns_by_ref = (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_RETURN_REFERENCE) != 0;

  zend_mark_function_as_generator();

  if (key_ast) {
    zend_compile_expr(&key_node, key_ast);
    key_node_ptr = &key_node;
  }

  if (value_ast) {
    if (returns_by_ref && zend_is_variable_or_call(value_ast)) {
      zend_assert_not_short_circuited(value_ast);
      zend_compile_var(&value_node, value_ast, BP_VAR_W, true);
    } else {
      zend_compile_expr(&value_node, value_ast);
    }
    value_node_ptr = &value_node;
  }

  opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_YIELD, value_node_ptr, key_node_ptr);

  if (value_ast && returns_by_ref && zend_is_call(value_ast)) {
    opline->extended_value = ZEND_RETURNS_FUNCTION;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_yield_from(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];
  znode expr_node;

  zend_mark_function_as_generator();

  if (CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_RETURN_REFERENCE) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "Cannot use \"yield from\" inside a by-reference generator");
  }

  zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);
  zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_YIELD_FROM, &expr_node, NULL);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_instanceof(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *obj_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_ast *class_ast = ast->child[1];

  znode obj_node, class_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  zend_compile_expr(&obj_node, obj_ast);
  if (obj_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    zend_do_free(&obj_node);
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_FALSE(&result->u.constant);
    return;
  }

  zend_compile_class_ref(&class_node, class_ast,
    ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_NO_AUTOLOAD | ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_EXCEPTION | ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SILENT);

  opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_INSTANCEOF, &obj_node, NULL);

  if (class_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;
    opline->op2.constant = zend_add_class_name_literal(
      Z_STR(class_node.u.constant));
    opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slot();
  } else {
    SET_NODE(opline->op2, &class_node);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_include_or_eval(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];
  znode expr_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  zend_do_extended_fcall_begin();
  zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, expr_ast);

  opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_INCLUDE_OR_EVAL, &expr_node, NULL);
  opline->extended_value = ast->attr;

  zend_do_extended_fcall_end();
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_isset_or_empty(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *var_ast = ast->child[0];

  znode var_node;
  zend_op *opline = NULL;

  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ISSET || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_EMPTY);

  if (!zend_is_variable(var_ast)) {
    if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_EMPTY) {
      /* empty(expr) can be transformed to !expr */
      zend_ast *not_ast = zend_ast_create_ex(ZEND_AST_UNARY_OP, ZEND_BOOL_NOT, var_ast);
      zend_compile_expr(result, not_ast);
      return;
    } else {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "Cannot use isset() on the result of an expression "
        "(you can use \"null !== expression\" instead)");
    }
  }

  if (is_globals_fetch(var_ast)) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    ZVAL_BOOL(&result->u.constant, ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ISSET);
    return;
  }

  if (is_global_var_fetch(var_ast)) {
    if (!var_ast->child[1]) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use [] for reading");
    }

    zend_compile_expr(&var_node, var_ast->child[1]);
    if (var_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
      convert_to_string(&var_node.u.constant);
    }

    opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_VAR, &var_node, NULL);
    opline->extended_value =
      ZEND_FETCH_GLOBAL | (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_EMPTY ? ZEND_ISEMPTY : 0);
    return;
  }

  zend_short_circuiting_mark_inner(var_ast);
  switch (var_ast->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_VAR:
      if (is_this_fetch(var_ast)) {
        opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_THIS, NULL, NULL);
        CG(active_op_array)->fn_flags |= ZEND_ACC_USES_THIS;
      } else if (zend_try_compile_cv(&var_node, var_ast, BP_VAR_IS) == SUCCESS) {
        opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_CV, &var_node, NULL);
      } else {
        opline = zend_compile_simple_var_no_cv(result, var_ast, BP_VAR_IS, false);
        opline->opcode = ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_VAR;
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
      opline = zend_compile_dim(result, var_ast, BP_VAR_IS, /* by_ref */ false);
      opline->opcode = ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_DIM_OBJ;
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
      opline = zend_compile_prop(result, var_ast, BP_VAR_IS, false);
      opline->opcode = ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_PROP_OBJ;
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP:
      opline = zend_compile_static_prop(result, var_ast, BP_VAR_IS, false, false);
      opline->opcode = ZEND_ISSET_ISEMPTY_STATIC_PROP;
      break;
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }

  result->op_type = opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  if (!(ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ISSET)) {
    opline->extended_value |= ZEND_ISEMPTY;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_silence(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];
  znode silence_node;

  zend_emit_op_tmp(&silence_node, ZEND_BEGIN_SILENCE, NULL, NULL);

  if (expr_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_VAR) {
    /* For @$var we need to force a FETCH instruction, otherwise the CV access will
     * happen outside the silenced section. */
    zend_compile_simple_var_no_cv(result, expr_ast, BP_VAR_R, false );
  } else {
    zend_compile_expr(result, expr_ast);
  }

  zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_END_SILENCE, &silence_node, NULL);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_shell_exec(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *expr_ast = ast->child[0];

  zval fn_name;
  zend_ast *name_ast, *args_ast, *call_ast;

  zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "The backtick (`) operator is deprecated, use shell_exec() instead");

  ZVAL_STRING(&fn_name, "shell_exec");
  name_ast = zend_ast_create_zval(&fn_name);
  args_ast = zend_ast_create_list(1, ZEND_AST_ARG_LIST, expr_ast);
  call_ast = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CALL, name_ast, args_ast);

  zend_compile_expr(result, call_ast);

  zval_ptr_dtor(&fn_name);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_array(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  zend_op *opline;
  uint32_t i, opnum_init = -1;
  bool packed = true;

  if (zend_try_ct_eval_array(&result->u.constant, ast)) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    return;
  }

  /* Empty arrays are handled at compile-time */
  ZEND_ASSERT(list->children > 0);

  for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
    zend_ast *elem_ast = list->child[i];
    zend_ast *value_ast, *key_ast;
    bool by_ref;
    znode value_node, key_node, *key_node_ptr = NULL;

    if (elem_ast == NULL) {
      zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use empty array elements in arrays");
    }

    value_ast = elem_ast->child[0];

    if (elem_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_UNPACK) {
      zend_compile_expr(&value_node, value_ast);
      if (i == 0) {
        opnum_init = get_next_op_number();
        opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_INIT_ARRAY, NULL, NULL);
      }
      opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_UNPACK, &value_node, NULL);
      SET_NODE(opline->result, result);
      continue;
    }

    key_ast = elem_ast->child[1];
    by_ref = elem_ast->attr;

    if (key_ast) {
      zend_compile_expr(&key_node, key_ast);
      zend_handle_numeric_op(&key_node);
      key_node_ptr = &key_node;
    }

    if (by_ref) {
      zend_ensure_writable_variable(value_ast);
      zend_compile_var(&value_node, value_ast, BP_VAR_W, true);
    } else {
      zend_compile_expr(&value_node, value_ast);
    }

    if (i == 0) {
      opnum_init = get_next_op_number();
      opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_INIT_ARRAY, &value_node, key_node_ptr);
      opline->extended_value = list->children << ZEND_ARRAY_SIZE_SHIFT;
    } else {
      opline = zend_emit_op(NULL, ZEND_ADD_ARRAY_ELEMENT,
        &value_node, key_node_ptr);
      SET_NODE(opline->result, result);
    }
    opline->extended_value |= by_ref;

    if (key_ast && key_node.op_type == IS_CONST && Z_TYPE(key_node.u.constant) == IS_STRING) {
      packed = false;
    }
  }

  /* Add a flag to INIT_ARRAY if we know this array cannot be packed */
  if (!packed) {
    ZEND_ASSERT(opnum_init != (uint32_t)-1);
    opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[opnum_init];
    opline->extended_value |= ZEND_ARRAY_NOT_PACKED;
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_emit_fetch_constant(znode *result, zend_string *resolved_name, bool unqualified_in_namespace, uint8_t type)
{
  zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_FETCH_CONSTANT, NULL, NULL);
  if (type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS) {
    opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  }

  opline->op2_type = IS_CONST;

  if (unqualified_in_namespace) {
    opline->op1.num = IS_CONSTANT_UNQUALIFIED_IN_NAMESPACE;
    opline->op2.constant = zend_add_const_name_literal(resolved_name, true);
  } else {
    opline->op1.num = 0;
    opline->op2.constant = zend_add_const_name_literal(resolved_name, false);
  }
  opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slot();
}

static void zend_compile_const(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast, uint8_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *name_ast = ast->child[0];

  bool is_fully_qualified;
  zend_string *orig_name = zend_ast_get_str(name_ast);
  zend_string *resolved_name = zend_resolve_const_name(orig_name, name_ast->attr, &is_fully_qualified);

  if (zend_string_equals_literal(resolved_name, "__COMPILER_HALT_OFFSET__") || (name_ast->attr != ZEND_NAME_RELATIVE && zend_string_equals_literal(orig_name, "__COMPILER_HALT_OFFSET__"))) {
    zend_ast *last = CG(ast);

    while (last && last->kind == ZEND_AST_STMT_LIST) {
      const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(last);
      if (list->children == 0) {
        break;
      }
      last = list->child[list->children-1];
    }
    if (last && last->kind == ZEND_AST_HALT_COMPILER) {
      result->op_type = IS_CONST;
      ZVAL_LONG(&result->u.constant, Z_LVAL_P(zend_ast_get_zval(last->child[0])));
      zend_string_release_ex(resolved_name, 0);
      return;
    }
  }

  if (zend_try_ct_eval_const(&result->u.constant, resolved_name, is_fully_qualified)) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    zend_string_release_ex(resolved_name, 0);
    return;
  }

  zend_emit_fetch_constant(result, resolved_name,
    !is_fully_qualified && FC(current_namespace), type);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_constant(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint8_t type)
{
  zend_string *name = zend_ast_get_constant_name(ast);

  zend_emit_fetch_constant(result, zend_string_copy(name),
    (ast->attr & IS_CONSTANT_UNQUALIFIED_IN_NAMESPACE) != 0, type);
}

static void zend_compile_class_const(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint8_t type) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *class_ast;
  zend_ast *const_ast;
  znode class_node, const_node;
  zend_op *opline;

  zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);
  zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);

  class_ast = ast->child[0];
  const_ast = ast->child[1];

  if (class_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL && const_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    zval *const_zv = zend_ast_get_zval(const_ast);
    if (Z_TYPE_P(const_zv) == IS_STRING) {
      zend_string *const_str = Z_STR_P(const_zv);
      zend_string *resolved_name = zend_resolve_class_name_ast(class_ast);
      if (zend_try_ct_eval_class_const(&result->u.constant, resolved_name, const_str)) {
        result->op_type = IS_CONST;
        zend_string_release_ex(resolved_name, 0);
        return;
      }
      zend_string_release_ex(resolved_name, 0);
    }
  }

  zend_compile_class_ref(&class_node, class_ast, ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_EXCEPTION);

  zend_compile_expr(&const_node, const_ast);

  opline = zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_CONSTANT, NULL, &const_node);
  if (type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS) {
    opline->result_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  }

  zend_set_class_name_op1(opline, &class_node);

  if (opline->op1_type == IS_CONST || opline->op2_type == IS_CONST) {
    opline->extended_value = zend_alloc_cache_slots(2);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_class_name(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *class_ast = ast->child[0];

  if (zend_try_compile_const_expr_resolve_class_name(&result->u.constant, class_ast)) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    return;
  }

  if (class_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    zend_op *opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_NAME, NULL, NULL);
    opline->op1.num = zend_get_class_fetch_type(zend_ast_get_str(class_ast));
  } else {
    znode expr_node;
    zend_compile_expr(&expr_node, class_ast);
    if (expr_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
      /* Unlikely case that happen if class_ast is constant folded.
       * Handle it here, to avoid needing a CONST specialization in the VM. */
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use \"::class\" on %s",
        zend_zval_value_name(&expr_node.u.constant));
    }

    zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_NAME, &expr_node, NULL);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op *zend_compile_rope_add_ex(zend_op *opline, znode *result, uint32_t num, znode *elem_node) /* {{{ */
{
  if (num == 0) {
    result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    result->u.op.var = -1;
    opline->opcode = ZEND_ROPE_INIT;
  } else {
    opline->opcode = ZEND_ROPE_ADD;
    SET_NODE(opline->op1, result);
  }
  SET_NODE(opline->op2, elem_node);
  SET_NODE(opline->result, result);
  opline->extended_value = num;
  return opline;
}
/* }}} */

static zend_op *zend_compile_rope_add(znode *result, uint32_t num, znode *elem_node) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline = get_next_op();

  if (num == 0) {
    result->op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
    result->u.op.var = -1;
    opline->opcode = ZEND_ROPE_INIT;
  } else {
    opline->opcode = ZEND_ROPE_ADD;
    SET_NODE(opline->op1, result);
  }
  SET_NODE(opline->op2, elem_node);
  SET_NODE(opline->result, result);
  opline->extended_value = num;
  return opline;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_rope_finalize(znode *result, uint32_t rope_elements, zend_op *init_opline, zend_op *opline)
{
  if (rope_elements == 1) {
    if (opline->op2_type == IS_CONST) {
      GET_NODE(result, opline->op2);
      ZVAL_UNDEF(CT_CONSTANT(opline->op2));
      SET_UNUSED(opline->op2);
      MAKE_NOP(opline);
    } else {
      opline->opcode = ZEND_CAST;
      opline->extended_value = IS_STRING;
      opline->op1_type = opline->op2_type;
      opline->op1 = opline->op2;
      SET_UNUSED(opline->op2);
      zend_make_tmp_result(result, opline);
    }
  } else if (rope_elements == 2) {
    opline->opcode = ZEND_FAST_CONCAT;
    opline->extended_value = 0;
    opline->op1_type = init_opline->op2_type;
    opline->op1 = init_opline->op2;
    zend_make_tmp_result(result, opline);
    MAKE_NOP(init_opline);
  } else {
    uint32_t var;

    init_opline->extended_value = rope_elements;
    opline->opcode = ZEND_ROPE_END;
    zend_make_tmp_result(result, opline);
    var = opline->op1.var = get_temporary_variable();

    /* Allocates the necessary number of zval slots to keep the rope */
    uint32_t i = ((rope_elements * sizeof(zend_string*)) + (sizeof(zval) - 1)) / sizeof(zval);
    while (i > 1) {
      get_temporary_variable();
      i--;
    }

    /* Update all the previous opcodes to use the same variable */
    while (opline != init_opline) {
      opline--;
      if (opline->opcode == ZEND_ROPE_ADD &&
          opline->result.var == (uint32_t)-1) {
        opline->op1.var = var;
        opline->result.var = var;
      } else if (opline->opcode == ZEND_ROPE_INIT &&
                 opline->result.var == (uint32_t)-1) {
        opline->result.var = var;
      }
    }
  }
}

static void zend_compile_encaps_list(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  uint32_t i, j;
  uint32_t rope_init_lineno = -1;
  zend_op *opline = NULL, *init_opline;
  znode elem_node, last_const_node;
  zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
  uint32_t reserved_op_number = -1;

  ZEND_ASSERT(list->children > 0);

  j = 0;
  last_const_node.op_type = IS_UNUSED;
  for (i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
    zend_ast *encaps_var = list->child[i];

    if (encaps_var->attr & (ZEND_ENCAPS_VAR_DOLLAR_CURLY|ZEND_ENCAPS_VAR_DOLLAR_CURLY_VAR_VAR)) {
      if ((encaps_var->kind == ZEND_AST_VAR || encaps_var->kind == ZEND_AST_DIM) && (encaps_var->attr & ZEND_ENCAPS_VAR_DOLLAR_CURLY)) {
        zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead");
      } else if (encaps_var->kind == ZEND_AST_VAR && (encaps_var->attr & ZEND_ENCAPS_VAR_DOLLAR_CURLY_VAR_VAR)) {
        zend_error(E_DEPRECATED, "Using ${expr} (variable variables) in strings is deprecated, use {${expr}} instead");
      }
    }

    zend_compile_expr(&elem_node, encaps_var);

    if (elem_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
      convert_to_string(&elem_node.u.constant);

      if (Z_STRLEN(elem_node.u.constant) == 0) {
        zval_ptr_dtor(&elem_node.u.constant);
      } else if (last_const_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
        concat_function(&last_const_node.u.constant, &last_const_node.u.constant, &elem_node.u.constant);
        zval_ptr_dtor(&elem_node.u.constant);
      } else {
        last_const_node.op_type = IS_CONST;
        ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(&last_const_node.u.constant, &elem_node.u.constant);
        /* Reserve place for ZEND_ROPE_ADD instruction */
        reserved_op_number = get_next_op_number();
        opline = get_next_op();
        opline->opcode = ZEND_NOP;
      }
      continue;
    } else {
      if (j == 0) {
        if (last_const_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
          rope_init_lineno = reserved_op_number;
        } else {
          rope_init_lineno = get_next_op_number();
        }
      }
      if (last_const_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
        opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[reserved_op_number];
        zend_compile_rope_add_ex(opline, result, j++, &last_const_node);
        last_const_node.op_type = IS_UNUSED;
      }
      opline = zend_compile_rope_add(result, j++, &elem_node);
    }
  }

  if (j == 0) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    if (last_const_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
      ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(&result->u.constant, &last_const_node.u.constant);
    } else {
      ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(&result->u.constant);
      /* empty string */
    }
    CG(active_op_array)->last = reserved_op_number - 1;
    return;
  } else if (last_const_node.op_type == IS_CONST) {
    opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[reserved_op_number];
    opline = zend_compile_rope_add_ex(opline, result, j++, &last_const_node);
  }
  init_opline = CG(active_op_array)->opcodes + rope_init_lineno;
  zend_compile_rope_finalize(result, j, init_opline, opline);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_magic_const(znode *result, const zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_op *opline;

  if (zend_try_ct_eval_magic_const(&result->u.constant, ast)) {
    result->op_type = IS_CONST;
    return;
  }

  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->attr == T_CLASS_C &&
              CG(active_class_entry) &&
              (CG(active_class_entry)->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_TRAIT) != 0);

  opline = zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_NAME, NULL, NULL);
  opline->op1.num = ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SELF;
}
/* }}} */

static bool zend_is_allowed_in_const_expr(zend_ast_kind kind) /* {{{ */
{
  return kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL || kind == ZEND_AST_BINARY_OP
    || kind == ZEND_AST_GREATER || kind == ZEND_AST_GREATER_EQUAL
    || kind == ZEND_AST_AND || kind == ZEND_AST_OR
    || kind == ZEND_AST_UNARY_OP
    || kind == ZEND_AST_UNARY_PLUS || kind == ZEND_AST_UNARY_MINUS
    || kind == ZEND_AST_CAST
    || kind == ZEND_AST_CONDITIONAL || kind == ZEND_AST_DIM
    || kind == ZEND_AST_ARRAY || kind == ZEND_AST_ARRAY_ELEM
    || kind == ZEND_AST_UNPACK
    || kind == ZEND_AST_CONST || kind == ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST
    || kind == ZEND_AST_CLASS_NAME
    || kind == ZEND_AST_MAGIC_CONST || kind == ZEND_AST_COALESCE
    || kind == ZEND_AST_CONST_ENUM_INIT
    || kind == ZEND_AST_NEW || kind == ZEND_AST_ARG_LIST
    || kind == ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG
    || kind == ZEND_AST_PROP || kind == ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP
    || kind == ZEND_AST_CLOSURE
    || kind == ZEND_AST_CALL || kind == ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL || kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT
    || kind == ZEND_AST_PLACEHOLDER_ARG;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_const_expr_class_const(zend_ast **ast_ptr) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *ast = *ast_ptr;
  zend_ast *class_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_string *class_name;
  int fetch_type;

  if (class_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "Dynamic class names are not allowed in compile-time class constant references");
  }
  if (Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(class_ast)) != IS_STRING) {
    zend_throw_error(NULL, "Class name must be a valid object or a string");
  }

  class_name = zend_ast_get_str(class_ast);
  fetch_type = zend_get_class_fetch_type(class_name);

  if (ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_STATIC == fetch_type) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "\"static::\" is not allowed in compile-time constants");
  }

  if (ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_DEFAULT == fetch_type) {
    zend_string *tmp = zend_resolve_class_name_ast(class_ast);

    zend_string_release_ex(class_name, 0);
    if (tmp != class_name) {
      zval *zv = zend_ast_get_zval(class_ast);
      ZVAL_STR(zv, tmp);
      class_ast->attr = ZEND_NAME_FQ;
    }
  }

  ast->attr |= ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_EXCEPTION;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_const_expr_class_name(zend_ast **ast_ptr) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *ast = *ast_ptr;
  zend_ast *class_ast = ast->child[0];
  if (class_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "(expression)::class cannot be used in constant expressions");
  }

  zend_string *class_name = zend_ast_get_str(class_ast);
  uint32_t fetch_type = zend_get_class_fetch_type(class_name);

  switch (fetch_type) {
    case ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_SELF:
    case ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_PARENT:
      /* For the const-eval representation store the fetch type instead of the name. */
      zend_string_release(class_name);
      ast->child[0] = NULL;
      ast->attr = fetch_type;
      return;
    case ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_STATIC:
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "static::class cannot be used for compile-time class name resolution");
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
}

static void zend_compile_const_expr_const(zend_ast **ast_ptr) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *ast = *ast_ptr;
  zend_ast *name_ast = ast->child[0];
  zend_string *orig_name = zend_ast_get_str(name_ast);
  bool is_fully_qualified;
  zval result;
  zend_string *resolved_name;

  CG(zend_lineno) = zend_ast_get_lineno(ast);

  resolved_name = zend_resolve_const_name(
    orig_name, name_ast->attr, &is_fully_qualified);

  if (zend_try_ct_eval_const(&result, resolved_name, is_fully_qualified)) {
    zend_string_release_ex(resolved_name, 0);
    zend_ast_destroy(ast);
    *ast_ptr = zend_ast_create_zval(&result);
    return;
  }

  zend_ast_destroy(ast);
  *ast_ptr = zend_ast_create_constant(resolved_name,
    !is_fully_qualified && FC(current_namespace) ? IS_CONSTANT_UNQUALIFIED_IN_NAMESPACE : 0);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_const_expr_magic_const(zend_ast **ast_ptr) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *ast = *ast_ptr;

  /* Other cases already resolved by constant folding */
  ZEND_ASSERT(ast->attr == T_CLASS_C);

  zend_ast_destroy(ast);
  *ast_ptr = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CONSTANT_CLASS);
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_const_expr_class_reference(zend_ast *class_ast)
{
  if (class_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CLASS) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "Cannot use anonymous class in constant expression");
  }
  if (class_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "Cannot use dynamic class name in constant expression");
  }

  zend_string *class_name = zend_resolve_class_name_ast(class_ast);
  int fetch_type = zend_get_class_fetch_type(class_name);
  if (ZEND_FETCH_CLASS_STATIC == fetch_type) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "\"static\" is not allowed in compile-time constants");
  }

  zval *class_ast_zv = zend_ast_get_zval(class_ast);
  zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(class_ast_zv);
  ZVAL_STR(class_ast_zv, class_name);
  class_ast->attr = fetch_type << ZEND_CONST_EXPR_NEW_FETCH_TYPE_SHIFT;
}

static void zend_compile_const_expr_new(zend_ast **ast_ptr)
{
  zend_ast *class_ast = (*ast_ptr)->child[0];
  zend_compile_const_expr_class_reference(class_ast);

  const zend_ast *args_ast = (*ast_ptr)->child[1];
  if (args_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot create Closure for new expression");
  }
}

static void zend_compile_const_expr_closure(zend_ast **ast_ptr)
{
  zend_ast_decl *closure_ast = (zend_ast_decl *) *ast_ptr;
  const zend_ast *uses_ast = closure_ast->child[1];
  if (!(closure_ast->flags & ZEND_ACC_STATIC)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "Closures in constant expressions must be static");
  }
  if (uses_ast) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
      "Cannot use(...) variables in constant expression");
  }

  znode node;
  zend_op_array *op = zend_compile_func_decl(&node, (zend_ast*)closure_ast, FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_CONSTEXPR);

  zend_ast_destroy(*ast_ptr);
  *ast_ptr = zend_ast_create_op_array(op);
}

static void zend_compile_const_expr_fcc(zend_ast **ast_ptr)
{
  zend_ast *args_ast = zend_ast_call_get_args(*ast_ptr);

  if (args_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Constant expression contains invalid operations");
  }

  zend_ast_fcc *fcc = (zend_ast_fcc*)args_ast;

  zend_ast_list *args = zend_ast_get_list(fcc->args);
  bool is_fcc = args->children == 1 && args->child[0]->attr == ZEND_PLACEHOLDER_VARIADIC;

  if (!is_fcc) {
    fcc->filename = zend_string_copy(CG(active_op_array)->filename);
    fcc->name = zend_compile_partial_name(CG(active_op_array), fcc->lineno);
  }

  switch ((*ast_ptr)->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_CALL: {
      zend_ast *name_ast = (*ast_ptr)->child[0];
      if (name_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use dynamic function name in constant expression");
      }
      zval *name_ast_zv = zend_ast_get_zval(name_ast);
      if (Z_TYPE_P(name_ast_zv) != IS_STRING) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Illegal function name");
      }
      bool is_fully_qualified;
      zend_string *name = zend_resolve_function_name(Z_STR_P(name_ast_zv), name_ast->attr, &is_fully_qualified);
      zval_ptr_dtor_nogc(name_ast_zv);
      ZVAL_STR(name_ast_zv, name);
      if (is_fully_qualified) {
        name_ast->attr = ZEND_NAME_FQ;
      }
      break;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL: {
      zend_ast *class_ast = (*ast_ptr)->child[0];
      zend_compile_const_expr_class_reference(class_ast);
      zend_ast *method_ast = (*ast_ptr)->child[1];
      if (method_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use dynamic method name in constant expression");
      }
      if (Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(method_ast)) != IS_STRING) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Illegal method name");
      }
      break;
    }
    default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE();
  }
}

static void zend_compile_const_expr_args(zend_ast **ast_ptr)
{
  zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(*ast_ptr);
  bool uses_named_args = false;
  bool uses_variadic_placeholder = false;
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
    const zend_ast *arg = list->child[i];
    if (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_UNPACK) {
      zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
        "Argument unpacking in constant expressions is not supported");
    }
    if (arg->kind == ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG) {
      uses_named_args = true;
      if (uses_variadic_placeholder) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Variadic placeholder must be last");
      }
    } else {
      bool is_variadic_placeholder = arg->kind == ZEND_AST_PLACEHOLDER_ARG
        && arg->attr == ZEND_PLACEHOLDER_VARIADIC;

      if (uses_named_args && !is_variadic_placeholder) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use positional argument after named argument");
      }

      if (uses_variadic_placeholder) {
        if (is_variadic_placeholder) {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Variadic placeholder may only appear once");
        } else {
          zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Variadic placeholder must be last");
        }
      }

      if (is_variadic_placeholder) {
        uses_variadic_placeholder = true;
      }
    }
  }

  if (uses_named_args) {
    list->attr = 1;
  }
}

typedef struct {
  /* Whether the value of this expression may differ on each evaluation. */
  bool allow_dynamic;
} const_expr_context;

static void zend_compile_const_expr(zend_ast **ast_ptr, void *context) /* {{{ */
{
  const const_expr_context *ctx = context;
  zend_ast *ast = *ast_ptr;
  if (ast == NULL || ast->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    return;
  }

  if (!zend_is_allowed_in_const_expr(ast->kind)) {
    zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Constant expression contains invalid operations");
  }

  switch (ast->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST:
      zend_compile_const_expr_class_const(ast_ptr);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_NAME:
      zend_compile_const_expr_class_name(ast_ptr);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CONST:
      zend_compile_const_expr_const(ast_ptr);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_MAGIC_CONST:
      zend_compile_const_expr_magic_const(ast_ptr);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CAST:
      if (ast->attr == IS_OBJECT && !ctx->allow_dynamic) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Object casts are not supported in this context");
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_NEW:
      if (!ctx->allow_dynamic) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "New expressions are not supported in this context");
      }
      zend_compile_const_expr_new(ast_ptr);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_ARG_LIST:
      zend_compile_const_expr_args(ast_ptr);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CLOSURE:
      zend_compile_const_expr_closure(ast_ptr);
      /* Return, because we do not want to traverse the children. */
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_CALL:
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL:
      zend_compile_const_expr_fcc(ast_ptr);
      break;
  }

  zend_ast_apply(ast, zend_compile_const_expr, context);
}
/* }}} */

void zend_const_expr_to_zval(zval *result, zend_ast **ast_ptr, bool allow_dynamic) /* {{{ */
{
  const_expr_context context;
  context.allow_dynamic = allow_dynamic;

  zend_eval_const_expr(ast_ptr);
  zend_compile_const_expr(ast_ptr, &context);
  if ((*ast_ptr)->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
    /* Replace with compiled AST zval representation. */
    zval ast_zv;
    ZVAL_AST(&ast_zv, zend_ast_copy(*ast_ptr));
    zend_ast_destroy(*ast_ptr);
    *ast_ptr = zend_ast_create_zval(&ast_zv);
  }
  ZVAL_COPY(result, zend_ast_get_zval(*ast_ptr));
}
/* }}} */

/* Same as compile_stmt, but with early binding */
void zend_compile_top_stmt(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  if (!ast) {
    return;
  }

  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_STMT_LIST) {
    const zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < list->children; ++i) {
      zend_compile_top_stmt(list->child[i]);
    }
    return;
  }

  if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_FUNC_DECL) {
    CG(zend_lineno) = ast->lineno;
    zend_compile_func_decl(NULL, ast, FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_TOPLEVEL);
    CG(zend_lineno) = ((zend_ast_decl *) ast)->end_lineno;
  } else if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CLASS) {
    CG(zend_lineno) = ast->lineno;
    zend_compile_class_decl(NULL, ast, true);
    CG(zend_lineno) = ((zend_ast_decl *) ast)->end_lineno;
  } else {
    zend_compile_stmt(ast);
  }
  if (ast->kind != ZEND_AST_NAMESPACE && ast->kind != ZEND_AST_HALT_COMPILER) {
    zend_verify_namespace();
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_stmt(zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  if (!ast) {
    return;
  }

  CG(zend_lineno) = ast->lineno;

  if ((CG(compiler_options) & ZEND_COMPILE_EXTENDED_STMT) && !zend_is_unticked_stmt(ast)) {
    zend_do_extended_stmt(NULL);
  }

  switch (ast->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_STMT_LIST:
      zend_compile_stmt_list(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_GLOBAL:
      zend_compile_global_var(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC:
      zend_compile_static_var(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_UNSET:
      zend_compile_unset(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_RETURN:
      zend_compile_return(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_ECHO:
      zend_compile_echo(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_BREAK:
    case ZEND_AST_CONTINUE:
      zend_compile_break_continue(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_GOTO:
      zend_compile_goto(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_LABEL:
      zend_compile_label(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_WHILE:
      zend_compile_while(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_DO_WHILE:
      zend_compile_do_while(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_FOR:
      zend_compile_for(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_FOREACH:
      zend_compile_foreach(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_IF:
      zend_compile_if(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_SWITCH:
      zend_compile_switch(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_TRY:
      zend_compile_try(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_DECLARE:
      zend_compile_declare(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_FUNC_DECL:
    case ZEND_AST_METHOD:
      zend_compile_func_decl(NULL, ast, FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_NESTED);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_ENUM_CASE:
      zend_compile_enum_case(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_PROP_GROUP:
      zend_compile_prop_group(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST_GROUP:
      zend_compile_class_const_group(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_USE_TRAIT:
      zend_compile_use_trait(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS:
      zend_compile_class_decl(NULL, ast, false);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_GROUP_USE:
      zend_compile_group_use(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_USE:
      zend_compile_use(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CONST_DECL:
      zend_compile_const_decl(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_NAMESPACE:
      zend_compile_namespace(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_HALT_COMPILER:
      zend_compile_halt_compiler(ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_THROW:
      zend_compile_expr(NULL, ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CAST_VOID:
      zend_compile_void_cast(NULL, ast);
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_ASSIGN: {
      znode result;
      zend_compile_assign(&result, ast, /* stmt */ true, BP_VAR_R);
      zend_do_free(&result);
      return;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_ASSIGN_REF:
      zend_compile_assign_ref(NULL, ast, BP_VAR_R);
      return;
    default:
    {
      znode result;
      zend_compile_expr(&result, ast);
      zend_do_free(&result);
    }
  }

  if (FC(declarables).ticks && !zend_is_unticked_stmt(ast)) {
    zend_emit_tick();
  }
}
/* }}} */

/* Keep this out of zend_compile_expr(): the two form a recursion cycle, so inlining merges this
 * frame into every nesting level of an expression, tripling the stack needed to compile it. */
static zend_never_inline void zend_compile_expr_inner(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) /* {{{ */
{
  /* CG(zend_lineno) = ast->lineno; */
  CG(zend_lineno) = zend_ast_get_lineno(ast);

  if (CG(memoize_mode) != ZEND_MEMOIZE_NONE) {
    zend_compile_memoized_expr(result, ast, BP_VAR_R);
    return;
  }

  switch (ast->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_ZVAL:
      ZVAL_COPY(&result->u.constant, zend_ast_get_zval(ast));
      result->op_type = IS_CONST;
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_ZNODE:
      *result = *zend_ast_get_znode(ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_VAR:
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_CALL:
    case ZEND_AST_METHOD_CALL:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_METHOD_CALL:
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL:
    case ZEND_AST_PIPE:
      zend_compile_var(result, ast, BP_VAR_R, false);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_ASSIGN:
      zend_compile_assign(result, ast, /* stmt */ false, BP_VAR_R);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_ASSIGN_REF:
      zend_compile_assign_ref(result, ast, BP_VAR_R);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_NEW:
      zend_compile_new(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_ASSIGN_OP:
      zend_compile_compound_assign(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_BINARY_OP:
      zend_compile_binary_op(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_GREATER:
    case ZEND_AST_GREATER_EQUAL:
      zend_compile_greater(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_UNARY_OP:
      zend_compile_unary_op(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_UNARY_PLUS:
    case ZEND_AST_UNARY_MINUS:
      zend_compile_unary_pm(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_AND:
    case ZEND_AST_OR:
      zend_compile_short_circuiting(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_POST_INC:
    case ZEND_AST_POST_DEC:
      zend_compile_post_incdec(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_PRE_INC:
    case ZEND_AST_PRE_DEC:
      zend_compile_pre_incdec(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_CAST:
      zend_compile_cast(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_CONDITIONAL:
      zend_compile_conditional(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_COALESCE:
      zend_compile_coalesce(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_ASSIGN_COALESCE:
      zend_compile_assign_coalesce(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_PRINT:
      zend_compile_print(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_YIELD:
      zend_compile_yield(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_YIELD_FROM:
      zend_compile_yield_from(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_INSTANCEOF:
      zend_compile_instanceof(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_INCLUDE_OR_EVAL:
      zend_compile_include_or_eval(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_ISSET:
    case ZEND_AST_EMPTY:
      zend_compile_isset_or_empty(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_SILENCE:
      zend_compile_silence(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_SHELL_EXEC:
      zend_compile_shell_exec(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_ARRAY:
      zend_compile_array(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_CONST:
      zend_compile_const(result, ast, BP_VAR_R);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_CONSTANT:
      zend_compile_constant(result, ast, BP_VAR_R);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST:
      zend_compile_class_const(result, ast, BP_VAR_R);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_NAME:
      zend_compile_class_name(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_ENCAPS_LIST:
      zend_compile_encaps_list(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_MAGIC_CONST:
      zend_compile_magic_const(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_CLOSURE:
    case ZEND_AST_ARROW_FUNC:
      zend_compile_func_decl(result, ast, FUNC_DECL_LEVEL_NESTED);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_THROW:
      zend_compile_throw(result, ast);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_MATCH:
      zend_compile_match(result, ast);
      return;
    default:
      ZEND_ASSERT(0 /* not supported */);
  }
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_compile_expr(znode *result, zend_ast *ast)
{
  zend_check_stack_limit();

  uint32_t checkpoint = zend_short_circuiting_checkpoint();
  zend_compile_expr_inner(result, ast);
  zend_short_circuiting_commit(checkpoint, result, ast);
#if ZEND_DEBUG
  if (result) {
    /* BP_VAR_R is not allowed to produce IS_VAR. */
    ZEND_ASSERT(result->op_type != IS_VAR);
  }
#endif
}

static zend_op *zend_compile_var_inner(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type, bool by_ref)
{
  CG(zend_lineno) = zend_ast_get_lineno(ast);

  if (CG(memoize_mode) != ZEND_MEMOIZE_NONE) {
    switch (ast->kind) {
      case ZEND_AST_CALL:
      case ZEND_AST_METHOD_CALL:
      case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_METHOD_CALL:
      case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL:
      case ZEND_AST_PIPE:
        zend_compile_memoized_expr(result, ast, BP_VAR_W);
        /* This might not actually produce an opcode, e.g. for expressions evaluated at comptime. */
        return NULL;
    }
  }

  switch (ast->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_VAR:
      return zend_compile_simple_var(result, ast, type, false);
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
      return zend_compile_dim(result, ast, type, by_ref);
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
      return zend_compile_prop(result, ast, type, by_ref);
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP:
      return zend_compile_static_prop(result, ast, type, by_ref, false);
    case ZEND_AST_CALL:
      zend_compile_call(result, ast, type);
      return NULL;
    case ZEND_AST_METHOD_CALL:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_METHOD_CALL:
      zend_compile_method_call(result, ast, type);
      return NULL;
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL:
      zend_compile_static_call(result, ast, type);
      return NULL;
    case ZEND_AST_PIPE:
      zend_compile_pipe(result, ast, type);
      return NULL;
    case ZEND_AST_ZNODE:
      *result = *zend_ast_get_znode(ast);
      return NULL;
    case ZEND_AST_ASSIGN_REF:
      zend_compile_assign_ref(result, ast, type);
      return NULL;
    case ZEND_AST_ASSIGN:
      zend_compile_assign(result, ast, false, type);
      return NULL;
    default:
      if (type == BP_VAR_W || type == BP_VAR_RW || type == BP_VAR_UNSET) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR,
          "Cannot use temporary expression in write context");
      }

      zend_compile_expr(result, ast);
      return NULL;
  }
}

static zend_op *zend_compile_var(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type, bool by_ref) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_check_stack_limit();

  uint32_t checkpoint = zend_short_circuiting_checkpoint();
  zend_op *opcode = zend_compile_var_inner(result, ast, type, by_ref);
  zend_short_circuiting_commit(checkpoint, result, ast);
#if ZEND_DEBUG
  if (result
   && (type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS)
   /* Don't check memoized result, as it will force BP_VAR_W even for BP_VAR_IS. */
   && CG(memoize_mode) == ZEND_MEMOIZE_NONE
  ) {
    /* BP_VAR_{R,IS} is not allowed to produce IS_VAR. */
    ZEND_ASSERT(result->op_type != IS_VAR);
  }
#endif
  return opcode;
}

static zend_op *zend_delayed_compile_var(znode *result, zend_ast *ast, uint32_t type, bool by_ref) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_check_stack_limit();

  switch (ast->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_VAR:
      return zend_compile_simple_var(result, ast, type, true);
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
      return zend_delayed_compile_dim(result, ast, type, by_ref);
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
    {
      zend_op *opline = zend_delayed_compile_prop(result, ast, type);
      if (by_ref) {
        opline->extended_value |= ZEND_FETCH_REF;
      }
      return opline;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_PROP:
      return zend_compile_static_prop(result, ast, type, by_ref, true);
    case ZEND_AST_CONST:
      if (!(ast->attr & ZEND_CONST_OBJECT_FETCH)) {
        break;
      }
      zend_compile_const(result, ast, type);
      if (!(type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS) && result->op_type == IS_CONST) {
        znode op1 = *result;
        /* Intentionally IS_VAR result. */
        zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &op1, NULL);
      }
      return NULL;
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST:
      if (!(ast->attr & ZEND_CONST_OBJECT_FETCH)) {
        break;
      }
      zend_compile_class_const(result, ast, type);
      if (!(type == BP_VAR_R || type == BP_VAR_IS) && result->op_type == IS_CONST) {
        znode op1 = *result;
        /* Intentionally IS_VAR result. */
        zend_emit_op(result, ZEND_QM_ASSIGN, &op1, NULL);
      }
      return NULL;
  }

  return zend_compile_var(result, ast, type, false);
}
/* }}} */

bool zend_try_ct_eval_cast(zval *result, uint32_t type, zval *op1)
{
  /* NAN warns when casting */
  if (UNEXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(op1) == IS_DOUBLE && zend_isnan(Z_DVAL_P(op1)))) {
    return false;
  }
  switch (type) {
    case _IS_BOOL:
      ZVAL_BOOL(result, zend_is_true(op1));
      return true;
    case IS_LONG:
      if (Z_TYPE_P(op1) == IS_DOUBLE && !ZEND_DOUBLE_FITS_LONG(Z_DVAL_P((op1)))) {
        return false;
      }
      ZVAL_LONG(result, zval_get_long(op1));
      return true;
    case IS_DOUBLE:
      ZVAL_DOUBLE(result, zval_get_double(op1));
      return true;
    case IS_STRING:
      /* Conversion from double to string takes into account run-time
         'precision' setting and cannot be evaluated at compile-time */
      if (Z_TYPE_P(op1) != IS_ARRAY && Z_TYPE_P(op1) != IS_DOUBLE) {
        ZVAL_STR(result, zval_get_string(op1));
        return true;
      }
      break;
    case IS_ARRAY:
      ZVAL_COPY(result, op1);
      convert_to_array(result);
      return true;
  }
  return false;
}

static void zend_eval_const_expr(zend_ast **ast_ptr) /* {{{ */
{
  zend_ast *ast = *ast_ptr;
  zval result;

  if (!ast) {
    return;
  }

  zend_check_stack_limit();

  switch (ast->kind) {
    case ZEND_AST_BINARY_OP:
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);
      if (ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL || ast->child[1]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        return;
      }

      if (!zend_try_ct_eval_binary_op(&result, ast->attr,
          zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0]), zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[1]))
      ) {
        return;
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_GREATER:
    case ZEND_AST_GREATER_EQUAL:
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);
      if (ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL || ast->child[1]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        return;
      }

      zend_ct_eval_greater(&result, ast->kind,
        zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0]), zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[1]));
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_AND:
    case ZEND_AST_OR:
    {
      bool child0_is_true, child1_is_true;
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);
      if (ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        return;
      }

      child0_is_true = zend_is_true(zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0]));
      if (child0_is_true == (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_OR)) {
        ZVAL_BOOL(&result, ast->kind == ZEND_AST_OR);
        break;
      }

      if (ast->child[1]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        return;
      }

      child1_is_true = zend_is_true(zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[1]));
      if (ast->kind == ZEND_AST_OR) {
        ZVAL_BOOL(&result, child0_is_true || child1_is_true);
      } else {
        ZVAL_BOOL(&result, child0_is_true && child1_is_true);
      }
      break;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_UNARY_OP:
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);
      if (ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        return;
      }

      if (!zend_try_ct_eval_unary_op(&result, ast->attr, zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0]))) {
        return;
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_UNARY_PLUS:
    case ZEND_AST_UNARY_MINUS:
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);
      if (ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        return;
      }

      if (!zend_try_ct_eval_unary_pm(&result, ast->kind, zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0]))) {
        return;
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_COALESCE:
      /* Set isset fetch indicator here, opcache disallows runtime altering of the AST */
      if (ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_DIM) {
        ast->child[0]->attr |= ZEND_DIM_IS;
      }
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);

      if (ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        /* ensure everything was compile-time evaluated at least once */
        zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);
        return;
      }

      if (Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0])) == IS_NULL) {
        zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);
        *ast_ptr = ast->child[1];
        ast->child[1] = NULL;
        zend_ast_destroy(ast);
      } else {
        *ast_ptr = ast->child[0];
        ast->child[0] = NULL;
        zend_ast_destroy(ast);
      }
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_CONDITIONAL:
    {
      zend_ast **child, *child_ast;
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);
      if (ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        /* ensure everything was compile-time evaluated at least once */
        if (ast->child[1]) {
          zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);
        }
        zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[2]);
        return;
      }

      child = &ast->child[2 - zend_is_true(zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0]))];
      if (*child == NULL) {
        child--;
      }
      child_ast = *child;
      *child = NULL;
      zend_ast_destroy(ast);
      *ast_ptr = child_ast;
      zend_eval_const_expr(ast_ptr);
      return;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_DIM:
    {
      /* constant expression should be always read context ... */
      const zval *container, *dim;

      if (ast->child[1] == NULL) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use [] for reading");
      }

      /* Set isset fetch indicator here, opcache disallows runtime altering of the AST */
      if ((ast->attr & ZEND_DIM_IS) && ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_DIM) {
        ast->child[0]->attr |= ZEND_DIM_IS;
      }

      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);
      if (ast->child[0]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL || ast->child[1]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        return;
      }

      container = zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0]);
      dim = zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[1]);

      if (Z_TYPE_P(container) == IS_ARRAY) {
        zval *el;
        if (Z_TYPE_P(dim) == IS_LONG) {
          el = zend_hash_index_find(Z_ARR_P(container), Z_LVAL_P(dim));
          if (el) {
            ZVAL_COPY(&result, el);
          } else {
            return;
          }
        } else if (Z_TYPE_P(dim) == IS_STRING) {
          el = zend_symtable_find(Z_ARR_P(container), Z_STR_P(dim));
          if (el) {
            ZVAL_COPY(&result, el);
          } else {
            return;
          }
        } else {
          return; /* warning... handle at runtime */
        }
      } else if (Z_TYPE_P(container) == IS_STRING) {
        zend_long offset;
        uint8_t c;
        if (Z_TYPE_P(dim) == IS_LONG) {
          offset = Z_LVAL_P(dim);
        } else if (Z_TYPE_P(dim) != IS_STRING || is_numeric_string(Z_STRVAL_P(dim), Z_STRLEN_P(dim), &offset, NULL, 1) != IS_LONG) {
          return;
        }
        if (offset < 0 || (size_t)offset >= Z_STRLEN_P(container)) {
          return;
        }
        c = (uint8_t) Z_STRVAL_P(container)[offset];
        ZVAL_CHAR(&result, c);
      } else if (Z_TYPE_P(container) <= IS_FALSE) {
        return; /* warning... handle at runtime */
      } else {
        return;
      }
      break;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_ARRAY:
      if (!zend_try_ct_eval_array(&result, ast)) {
        return;
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_MAGIC_CONST:
      if (!zend_try_ct_eval_magic_const(&result, ast)) {
        return;
      }
      break;
    case ZEND_AST_CONST:
    {
      zend_ast *name_ast = ast->child[0];
      bool is_fully_qualified;
      zend_string *resolved_name = zend_resolve_const_name(
        zend_ast_get_str(name_ast), name_ast->attr, &is_fully_qualified);

      if (!zend_try_ct_eval_const(&result, resolved_name, is_fully_qualified)) {
        zend_string_release_ex(resolved_name, 0);
        return;
      }

      zend_string_release_ex(resolved_name, 0);
      break;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_CONST:
    {
      zend_ast *class_ast;
      zend_ast *name_ast;
      zend_string *resolved_name;

      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);

      if (UNEXPECTED(ast->child[1]->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL
        || Z_TYPE_P(zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[1])) != IS_STRING)) {
        return;
      }

      class_ast = ast->child[0];
      name_ast = ast->child[1];

      if (class_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL || name_ast->kind != ZEND_AST_ZVAL) {
        return;
      }

      resolved_name = zend_resolve_class_name_ast(class_ast);
      if (!zend_try_ct_eval_class_const(&result, resolved_name, zend_ast_get_str(name_ast))) {
        zend_string_release_ex(resolved_name, 0);
        return;
      }

      zend_string_release_ex(resolved_name, 0);
      break;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_CLASS_NAME:
    {
      zend_ast *class_ast = ast->child[0];
      if (!zend_try_compile_const_expr_resolve_class_name(&result, class_ast)) {
        return;
      }
      break;
    }
    // TODO: We should probably use zend_ast_apply to recursively walk nodes without
    // special handling. It is required that all nodes that are part of a const expr
    // are visited. Probably we should be distinguishing evaluation of const expr and
    // normal exprs here.
    case ZEND_AST_ARG_LIST:
    {
      zend_ast_list *list = zend_ast_get_list(ast);
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < list->children; i++) {
        zend_eval_const_expr(&list->child[i]);
      }
      return;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_NEW:
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);
      return;
    // Only FCC and PFA can appear in constant expressions.
    case ZEND_AST_CALL:
    case ZEND_AST_STATIC_CALL:
    {
      zend_ast *args_ast = zend_ast_call_get_args(ast);
      if (args_ast && args_ast->kind == ZEND_AST_CALLABLE_CONVERT) {
        zend_eval_const_expr(&((zend_ast_fcc *) args_ast)->args);
      }
      return;
    }
    case ZEND_AST_NAMED_ARG:
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_CONST_ENUM_INIT:
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[3]);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_PROP:
    case ZEND_AST_NULLSAFE_PROP:
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[1]);
      return;
    case ZEND_AST_CAST:
      if (ast->attr == IS_NULL) {
        zend_error_noreturn(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "The (unset) cast is no longer supported");
      }
      zend_eval_const_expr(&ast->child[0]);
      if (ast->child[0]->kind == ZEND_AST_ZVAL
       && zend_try_ct_eval_cast(&result, ast->attr, zend_ast_get_zval(ast->child[0]))) {
        break;
      }
      return;
    default:
      return;
  }

  zend_ast_destroy(ast);
  *ast_ptr = zend_ast_create_zval(&result);
}
/* }}} */

Coverage Report

Created: 2026-10-28 06:20