/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------

 *

 * bootstrap.c

 *    routines to support running postgres in 'bootstrap' mode

 *  bootstrap mode is used to create the initial template database

 *

 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2026, PostgreSQL Global Development Group

 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California

 *

 * IDENTIFICATION

 *    src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c

 *

 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------

 */

#include "postgres.h"

#include <unistd.h>

#include <signal.h>

#include "access/genam.h"

#include "access/heapam.h"

#include "access/htup_details.h"

#include "access/tableam.h"

#include "access/toast_compression.h"

#include "access/xact.h"

#include "bootstrap/bootstrap.h"

#include "catalog/index.h"

#include "catalog/pg_authid.h"

#include "catalog/pg_collation.h"

#include "catalog/pg_proc.h"

#include "catalog/pg_type.h"

#include "common/link-canary.h"

#include "miscadmin.h"

#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"

#include "port/pg_getopt_ctx.h"

#include "postmaster/postmaster.h"

#include "storage/bufpage.h"

#include "storage/checksum.h"

#include "storage/fd.h"

#include "storage/ipc.h"

#include "storage/proc.h"

#include "storage/shmem_internal.h"

#include "utils/builtins.h"

#include "utils/fmgroids.h"

#include "utils/guc.h"

#include "utils/memutils.h"

#include "utils/rel.h"

#include "utils/relmapper.h"

static void CheckerModeMain(void);

static void bootstrap_signals(void);

static Form_pg_attribute AllocateAttribute(void);

static void InsertOneProargdefaultsValue(char *value);

static void populate_typ_list(void);

static Oid  gettype(char *type);

static void cleanup(void);

/* ----------------

 *    global variables

 * ----------------

 */

Relation  boot_reldesc;   /* current relation descriptor */

Form_pg_attribute attrtypes[MAXATTR]; /* points to attribute info */

int     numattr;      /* number of attributes for cur. rel */

/*

 * Basic information associated with each type.  This is used before

 * pg_type is filled, so it has to cover the datatypes used as column types

 * in the core "bootstrapped" catalogs.

 *

 *    XXX several of these input/output functions do catalog scans

 *      (e.g., F_REGPROCIN scans pg_proc).  this obviously creates some

 *      order dependencies in the catalog creation process.

 */

struct typinfo

{

  char    name[NAMEDATALEN];

  Oid     oid;

  Oid     elem;

  int16   len;

  bool    byval;

  char    align;

  char    storage;

  Oid     collation;

  Oid     inproc;

  Oid     outproc;

};

static const struct typinfo TypInfo[] = {

  {"bool", BOOLOID, 0, 1, true, TYPALIGN_CHAR, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_BOOLIN, F_BOOLOUT},

  {"bytea", BYTEAOID, 0, -1, false, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_EXTENDED, InvalidOid,

  F_BYTEAIN, F_BYTEAOUT},

  {"char", CHAROID, 0, 1, true, TYPALIGN_CHAR, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_CHARIN, F_CHAROUT},

  {"cstring", CSTRINGOID, 0, -2, false, TYPALIGN_CHAR, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_CSTRING_IN, F_CSTRING_OUT},

  {"int2", INT2OID, 0, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_INT2IN, F_INT2OUT},

  {"int4", INT4OID, 0, 4, true, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_INT4IN, F_INT4OUT},

  {"int8", INT8OID, 0, 8, true, TYPALIGN_DOUBLE, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_INT8IN, F_INT8OUT},

  {"float4", FLOAT4OID, 0, 4, true, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_FLOAT4IN, F_FLOAT4OUT},

  {"float8", FLOAT8OID, 0, 8, true, TYPALIGN_DOUBLE, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_FLOAT8IN, F_FLOAT8OUT},

  {"name", NAMEOID, CHAROID, NAMEDATALEN, false, TYPALIGN_CHAR, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, C_COLLATION_OID,

  F_NAMEIN, F_NAMEOUT},

  {"regproc", REGPROCOID, 0, 4, true, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_REGPROCIN, F_REGPROCOUT},

  {"text", TEXTOID, 0, -1, false, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_EXTENDED, DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID,

  F_TEXTIN, F_TEXTOUT},

  {"jsonb", JSONBOID, 0, -1, false, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_EXTENDED, InvalidOid,

  F_JSONB_IN, F_JSONB_OUT},

  {"oid", OIDOID, 0, 4, true, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_OIDIN, F_OIDOUT},

  {"aclitem", ACLITEMOID, 0, 16, false, TYPALIGN_DOUBLE, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_ACLITEMIN, F_ACLITEMOUT},

  {"pg_node_tree", PG_NODE_TREEOID, 0, -1, false, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_EXTENDED, DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID,

  F_PG_NODE_TREE_IN, F_PG_NODE_TREE_OUT},

  {"int2vector", INT2VECTOROID, INT2OID, -1, false, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_INT2VECTORIN, F_INT2VECTOROUT},

  {"oidvector", OIDVECTOROID, OIDOID, -1, false, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_PLAIN, InvalidOid,

  F_OIDVECTORIN, F_OIDVECTOROUT},

  {"_int4", INT4ARRAYOID, INT4OID, -1, false, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_EXTENDED, InvalidOid,

  F_ARRAY_IN, F_ARRAY_OUT},

  {"_text", TEXTARRAYOID, TEXTOID, -1, false, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_EXTENDED, DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID,

  F_ARRAY_IN, F_ARRAY_OUT},

  {"_oid", OIDARRAYOID, OIDOID, -1, false, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_EXTENDED, InvalidOid,

  F_ARRAY_IN, F_ARRAY_OUT},

  {"_char", CHARARRAYOID, CHAROID, -1, false, TYPALIGN_INT, TYPSTORAGE_EXTENDED, InvalidOid,

  F_ARRAY_IN, F_ARRAY_OUT},

  {"_aclitem", ACLITEMARRAYOID, ACLITEMOID, -1, false, TYPALIGN_DOUBLE, TYPSTORAGE_EXTENDED, InvalidOid,

  F_ARRAY_IN, F_ARRAY_OUT}

};

static const int n_types = sizeof(TypInfo) / sizeof(struct typinfo);

struct typmap

{               /* a hack */

  Oid     am_oid;

  FormData_pg_type am_typ;

};

static List *Typ = NIL;     /* List of struct typmap* */

static struct typmap *Ap = NULL;

/*

 * Basic information about built-in roles.

 *

 * Presently, this need only list roles that are mentioned in aclitem arrays

 * in the catalog .dat files.  We might as well list everything that is in

 * pg_authid.dat, since there aren't that many.  Like pg_authid.dat, we

 * represent the bootstrap superuser's name as "POSTGRES", even though it

 * (probably) won't be that in the finished installation; this means aclitem

 * entries in .dat files must spell it like that.

 */

struct rolinfo

{

  const char *rolname;

  Oid     oid;

};

static const struct rolinfo RolInfo[] = {

  {"POSTGRES", BOOTSTRAP_SUPERUSERID},

  {"pg_database_owner", ROLE_PG_DATABASE_OWNER},

  {"pg_read_all_data", ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_DATA},

  {"pg_write_all_data", ROLE_PG_WRITE_ALL_DATA},

  {"pg_monitor", ROLE_PG_MONITOR},

  {"pg_read_all_settings", ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_SETTINGS},

  {"pg_read_all_stats", ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS},

  {"pg_stat_scan_tables", ROLE_PG_STAT_SCAN_TABLES},

  {"pg_read_server_files", ROLE_PG_READ_SERVER_FILES},

  {"pg_write_server_files", ROLE_PG_WRITE_SERVER_FILES},

  {"pg_execute_server_program", ROLE_PG_EXECUTE_SERVER_PROGRAM},

  {"pg_signal_backend", ROLE_PG_SIGNAL_BACKEND},

  {"pg_checkpoint", ROLE_PG_CHECKPOINT},

  {"pg_maintain", ROLE_PG_MAINTAIN},

  {"pg_use_reserved_connections", ROLE_PG_USE_RESERVED_CONNECTIONS},

  {"pg_create_subscription", ROLE_PG_CREATE_SUBSCRIPTION},

  {"pg_signal_autovacuum_worker", ROLE_PG_SIGNAL_AUTOVACUUM_WORKER}

};

static Datum values[MAXATTR]; /* current row's attribute values */

static bool Nulls[MAXATTR];

static MemoryContext nogc = NULL; /* special no-gc mem context */

/*

 *  At bootstrap time, we first declare all the indices to be built, and

 *  then build them.  The IndexList structure stores enough information

 *  to allow us to build the indices after they've been declared.

 */

typedef struct _IndexList

{

  Oid     il_heap;

  Oid     il_ind;

  IndexInfo  *il_info;

  struct _IndexList *il_next;

} IndexList;

static IndexList *ILHead = NULL;

/*

 * In shared memory checker mode, all we really want to do is create shared

 * memory and semaphores (just to prove we can do it with the current GUC

 * settings).  Since, in fact, that was already done by

 * CreateSharedMemoryAndSemaphores(), we have nothing more to do here.

 */

static void

CheckerModeMain(void)

{

  proc_exit(0);

}

/*

 *   The main entry point for running the backend in bootstrap mode

 *

 *   The bootstrap mode is used to initialize the template database.

 *   The bootstrap backend doesn't speak SQL, but instead expects

 *   commands in a special bootstrap language.

 *

 *   When check_only is true, startup is done only far enough to verify that

 *   the current configuration, particularly the passed in options pertaining

 *   to shared memory sizing, options work (or at least do not cause an error

 *   up to shared memory creation).

 */

void

BootstrapModeMain(int argc, char *argv[], bool check_only)

{

  int     i;

  char     *progname = argv[0];

  pg_getopt_ctx optctx;

  int     flag;

  char     *userDoption = NULL;

  uint32    bootstrap_data_checksum_version = PG_DATA_CHECKSUM_OFF;

  yyscan_t  scanner;

  Assert(!IsUnderPostmaster);

  InitStandaloneProcess(argv[0]);

  /* Set defaults, to be overridden by explicit options below */

  InitializeGUCOptions();

  /* an initial --boot or --check should be present */

  Assert(argc > 1

       && (strcmp(argv[1], "--boot") == 0

         || strcmp(argv[1], "--check") == 0));

  argv++;

  argc--;

  pg_getopt_start(&optctx, argc, argv, "B:c:d:D:Fkr:X:-:");

  while ((flag = pg_getopt_next(&optctx)) != -1)

  {

    switch (flag)

    {

      case 'B':

        SetConfigOption("shared_buffers", optctx.optarg, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ARGV);

        break;

      case '-':

        /*

         * Error if the user misplaced a special must-be-first option

         * for dispatching to a subprogram.  parse_dispatch_option()

         * returns DISPATCH_POSTMASTER if it doesn't find a match, so

         * error for anything else.

         */

        if (parse_dispatch_option(optctx.optarg) != DISPATCH_POSTMASTER)

          ereport(ERROR,

              (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),

               errmsg("--%s must be first argument", optctx.optarg)));

        pg_fallthrough;

      case 'c':

        {

          char     *name,

                 *value;

          ParseLongOption(optctx.optarg, &name, &value);

          if (!value)

          {

            if (flag == '-')

              ereport(ERROR,

                  (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),

                   errmsg("--%s requires a value",

                      optctx.optarg)));

            else

              ereport(ERROR,

                  (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),

                   errmsg("-c %s requires a value",

                      optctx.optarg)));

          }

          SetConfigOption(name, value, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ARGV);

          pfree(name);

          pfree(value);

          break;

        }

      case 'D':

        userDoption = pstrdup(optctx.optarg);

        break;

      case 'd':

        {

          /* Turn on debugging for the bootstrap process. */

          char     *debugstr;

          debugstr = psprintf("debug%s", optctx.optarg);

          SetConfigOption("log_min_messages", debugstr,

                  PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ARGV);

          SetConfigOption("client_min_messages", debugstr,

                  PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ARGV);

          pfree(debugstr);

        }

        break;

      case 'F':

        SetConfigOption("fsync", "false", PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ARGV);

        break;

      case 'k':

        bootstrap_data_checksum_version = PG_DATA_CHECKSUM_VERSION;

        break;

      case 'r':

        strlcpy(OutputFileName, optctx.optarg, MAXPGPATH);

        break;

      case 'X':

        SetConfigOption("wal_segment_size", optctx.optarg, PGC_INTERNAL, PGC_S_DYNAMIC_DEFAULT);

        break;

      default:

        write_stderr("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n",

               progname);

        proc_exit(1);

        break;

    }

  }

  if (argc != optctx.optind)

  {

    write_stderr("%s: invalid command-line arguments\n", progname);

    proc_exit(1);

  }

  /* Acquire configuration parameters */

  if (!SelectConfigFiles(userDoption, progname))

    proc_exit(1);

  /*

   * Validate we have been given a reasonable-looking DataDir and change

   * into it

   */

  checkDataDir();

  ChangeToDataDir();

  CreateDataDirLockFile(false);

  SetProcessingMode(BootstrapProcessing);

  IgnoreSystemIndexes = true;

  RegisterBuiltinShmemCallbacks();

  InitializeMaxBackends();

  /*

   * Even though bootstrapping runs in single-process mode, initialize

   * postmaster child slots array so that --check can detect running out of

   * shared memory or other resources if max_connections is set too high.

   */

  InitPostmasterChildSlots();

  InitializeFastPathLocks();

  ShmemCallRequestCallbacks();

  CreateSharedMemoryAndSemaphores();

  /*

   * Estimate number of openable files.  This is essential too in --check

   * mode, because on some platforms semaphores count as open files.

   */

  set_max_safe_fds();

  /*

   * XXX: It might make sense to move this into its own function at some

   * point. Right now it seems like it'd cause more code duplication than

   * it's worth.

   */

  if (check_only)

  {

    SetProcessingMode(NormalProcessing);

    CheckerModeMain();

    abort();

  }

  /*

   * Do backend-like initialization for bootstrap mode

   */

  InitProcess();

  BaseInit();

  bootstrap_signals();

  BootStrapXLOG(bootstrap_data_checksum_version);

  /*

   * To ensure that src/common/link-canary.c is linked into the backend, we

   * must call it from somewhere.  Here is as good as anywhere.

   */

  if (pg_link_canary_is_frontend())

    elog(ERROR, "backend is incorrectly linked to frontend functions");

  InitPostgres(NULL, InvalidOid, NULL, InvalidOid, 0, NULL);

  /* Initialize stuff for bootstrap-file processing */

  for (i = 0; i < MAXATTR; i++)

  {

    attrtypes[i] = NULL;

    Nulls[i] = false;

  }

  if (boot_yylex_init(&scanner) != 0)

    elog(ERROR, "yylex_init() failed: %m");

  /*

   * Process bootstrap input.

   */

  StartTransactionCommand();

  boot_yyparse(scanner);

  CommitTransactionCommand();

  /*

   * We should now know about all mapped relations, so it's okay to write

   * out the initial relation mapping files.

   */

  RelationMapFinishBootstrap();

  /* Clean up and exit */

  cleanup();

  proc_exit(0);

}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------

 *            misc functions

 * ----------------------------------------------------------------

 */

/*

 * Set up signal handling for a bootstrap process

 */

static void

bootstrap_signals(void)

{

  Assert(!IsUnderPostmaster);

  /*

   * We don't actually need any non-default signal handling in bootstrap

   * mode; "curl up and die" is a sufficient response for all these cases.

   * Let's set that handling explicitly, as documentation if nothing else.

   */

  pqsignal(SIGHUP, PG_SIG_DFL);

  pqsignal(SIGINT, PG_SIG_DFL);

  pqsignal(SIGTERM, PG_SIG_DFL);

  pqsignal(SIGQUIT, PG_SIG_DFL);

}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------

 *        MANUAL BACKEND INTERACTIVE INTERFACE COMMANDS

 * ----------------------------------------------------------------

 */

/* ----------------

 *    boot_openrel

 *

 * Execute BKI OPEN command.

 * ----------------

 */

void

boot_openrel(char *relname)

{

  int     i;

  if (strlen(relname) >= NAMEDATALEN)

    relname[NAMEDATALEN - 1] = '\0';

  /*

   * pg_type must be filled before any OPEN command is executed, hence we

   * can now populate Typ if we haven't yet.

   */

  if (Typ == NIL)

    populate_typ_list();

  if (boot_reldesc != NULL)

    closerel(NULL);

  elog(DEBUG4, "open relation %s, attrsize %d",

     relname, (int) ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);

  boot_reldesc = table_openrv(makeRangeVar(NULL, relname, -1), NoLock);

  numattr = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(boot_reldesc);

  for (i = 0; i < numattr; i++)

  {

    if (attrtypes[i] == NULL)

      attrtypes[i] = AllocateAttribute();

    memmove(attrtypes[i],

        TupleDescAttr(boot_reldesc->rd_att, i),

        ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);

    {

      Form_pg_attribute at = attrtypes[i];

      elog(DEBUG4, "create attribute %d name %s len %d num %d type %u",

         i, NameStr(at->attname), at->attlen, at->attnum,

         at->atttypid);

    }

  }

}

/* ----------------

 *    closerel

 * ----------------

 */

void

closerel(char *relname)

{

  if (relname)

  {

    if (boot_reldesc)

    {

      if (strcmp(RelationGetRelationName(boot_reldesc), relname) != 0)

        elog(ERROR, "close of %s when %s was expected",

           relname, RelationGetRelationName(boot_reldesc));

    }

    else

      elog(ERROR, "close of %s before any relation was opened",

         relname);

  }

  if (boot_reldesc == NULL)

    elog(ERROR, "no open relation to close");

  else

  {

    elog(DEBUG4, "close relation %s",

       RelationGetRelationName(boot_reldesc));

    table_close(boot_reldesc, NoLock);

    boot_reldesc = NULL;

  }

}

/* ----------------

 * DEFINEATTR()

 *

 * define a <field,type> pair

 * if there are n fields in a relation to be created, this routine

 * will be called n times

 * ----------------

 */

void

DefineAttr(char *name, char *type, int attnum, int nullness)

{

  Oid     typeoid;

  if (boot_reldesc != NULL)

  {

    elog(WARNING, "no open relations allowed with CREATE command");

    closerel(NULL);

  }

  if (attrtypes[attnum] == NULL)

    attrtypes[attnum] = AllocateAttribute();

  MemSet(attrtypes[attnum], 0, ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);

  namestrcpy(&attrtypes[attnum]->attname, name);

  elog(DEBUG4, "column %s %s", NameStr(attrtypes[attnum]->attname), type);

  attrtypes[attnum]->attnum = attnum + 1;

  typeoid = gettype(type);

  if (Typ != NIL)

  {

    attrtypes[attnum]->atttypid = Ap->am_oid;

    attrtypes[attnum]->attlen = Ap->am_typ.typlen;

    attrtypes[attnum]->attbyval = Ap->am_typ.typbyval;

    attrtypes[attnum]->attalign = Ap->am_typ.typalign;

    attrtypes[attnum]->attstorage = Ap->am_typ.typstorage;

    attrtypes[attnum]->attcompression = InvalidCompressionMethod;

    attrtypes[attnum]->attcollation = Ap->am_typ.typcollation;

    /* if an array type, assume 1-dimensional attribute */

    if (Ap->am_typ.typelem != InvalidOid && Ap->am_typ.typlen < 0)

      attrtypes[attnum]->attndims = 1;

    else

      attrtypes[attnum]->attndims = 0;

  }

  else

  {

    attrtypes[attnum]->atttypid = TypInfo[typeoid].oid;

    attrtypes[attnum]->attlen = TypInfo[typeoid].len;

    attrtypes[attnum]->attbyval = TypInfo[typeoid].byval;

    attrtypes[attnum]->attalign = TypInfo[typeoid].align;

    attrtypes[attnum]->attstorage = TypInfo[typeoid].storage;

    attrtypes[attnum]->attcompression = InvalidCompressionMethod;

    attrtypes[attnum]->attcollation = TypInfo[typeoid].collation;

    /* if an array type, assume 1-dimensional attribute */

    if (TypInfo[typeoid].elem != InvalidOid &&

      attrtypes[attnum]->attlen < 0)

      attrtypes[attnum]->attndims = 1;

    else

      attrtypes[attnum]->attndims = 0;

  }

  /*

   * If a system catalog column is collation-aware, force it to use C

   * collation, so that its behavior is independent of the database's

   * collation.  This is essential to allow template0 to be cloned with a

   * different database collation.

   */

  if (OidIsValid(attrtypes[attnum]->attcollation))

    attrtypes[attnum]->attcollation = C_COLLATION_OID;

  attrtypes[attnum]->atttypmod = -1;

  attrtypes[attnum]->attislocal = true;

  if (nullness == BOOTCOL_NULL_FORCE_NOT_NULL)

  {

    attrtypes[attnum]->attnotnull = true;

  }

  else if (nullness == BOOTCOL_NULL_FORCE_NULL)

  {

    attrtypes[attnum]->attnotnull = false;

  }

  else

  {

    Assert(nullness == BOOTCOL_NULL_AUTO);

    /*

     * Mark as "not null" if type is fixed-width and prior columns are

     * likewise fixed-width and not-null.  This corresponds to case where

     * column can be accessed directly via C struct declaration.

     */

    if (attrtypes[attnum]->attlen > 0)

    {

      int     i;

      /* check earlier attributes */

      for (i = 0; i < attnum; i++)

      {

        if (attrtypes[i]->attlen <= 0 ||

          !attrtypes[i]->attnotnull)

          break;

      }

      if (i == attnum)

        attrtypes[attnum]->attnotnull = true;

    }

  }

}

/* ----------------

 *    InsertOneTuple

 *

 * If objectid is not zero, it is a specific OID to assign to the tuple.

 * Otherwise, an OID will be assigned (if necessary) by heap_insert.

 * ----------------

 */

void

InsertOneTuple(void)

{

  HeapTuple tuple;

  TupleDesc tupDesc;

  int     i;

  elog(DEBUG4, "inserting row with %d columns", numattr);

  tupDesc = CreateTupleDesc(numattr, attrtypes);

  tuple = heap_form_tuple(tupDesc, values, Nulls);

  pfree(tupDesc);       /* just free's tupDesc, not the attrtypes */

  simple_heap_insert(boot_reldesc, tuple);

  heap_freetuple(tuple);

  elog(DEBUG4, "row inserted");

  /*

   * Reset null markers for next tuple

   */

  for (i = 0; i < numattr; i++)

    Nulls[i] = false;

}

/* ----------------

 *    InsertOneValue

 * ----------------

 */

void

InsertOneValue(char *value, int i)

{

  Form_pg_attribute attr;

  Oid     typoid;

  int16   typlen;

  bool    typbyval;

  char    typalign;

  char    typdelim;

  Oid     typioparam;

  Oid     typinput;

  Oid     typoutput;

  Oid     typcollation;

  Assert(i >= 0 && i < MAXATTR);

  elog(DEBUG4, "inserting column %d value \"%s\"", i, value);

  attr = TupleDescAttr(RelationGetDescr(boot_reldesc), i);

  typoid = attr->atttypid;

  boot_get_type_io_data(typoid,

              &typlen, &typbyval, &typalign,

              &typdelim, &typioparam,

              &typinput, &typoutput,

              &typcollation);

  /*

   * pg_node_tree values can't be inserted normally (pg_node_tree_in would

   * just error out), so provide special cases for such columns that we

   * would like to fill during bootstrap.

   */

  if (typoid == PG_NODE_TREEOID)

  {

    /* pg_proc.proargdefaults */

    if (RelationGetRelid(boot_reldesc) == ProcedureRelationId &&

      i == Anum_pg_proc_proargdefaults - 1)

      InsertOneProargdefaultsValue(value);

    else          /* maybe other cases later */

      elog(ERROR, "can't handle pg_node_tree input for %s.%s",

         RelationGetRelationName(boot_reldesc),

         NameStr(attr->attname));

  }

  else

  {

    /* Normal case */

    values[i] = OidInputFunctionCall(typinput, value, typioparam, -1);

  }

  /*

   * We use ereport not elog here so that parameters aren't evaluated unless

   * the message is going to be printed, which generally it isn't

   */

  ereport(DEBUG4,

      (errmsg_internal("inserted -> %s",

               OidOutputFunctionCall(typoutput, values[i]))));

}

/* ----------------

 *    InsertOneProargdefaultsValue

 *

 * In general, proargdefaults can be a list of any expressions, but

 * for bootstrap we only support a list of Const nodes.  The input

 * has the form of a text array, and we feed non-null elements to the

 * typinput functions for the appropriate parameters.

 * ----------------

 */

static void

InsertOneProargdefaultsValue(char *value)

{

  int     pronargs;

  oidvector  *proargtypes;

  Datum   arrayval;

  Datum    *array_datums;

  bool     *array_nulls;

  int     array_count;

  List     *proargdefaults;

  char     *nodestring;

  /* The pg_proc columns we need to use must have been filled already */

  StaticAssertDecl(Anum_pg_proc_pronargs < Anum_pg_proc_proargdefaults,

           "pronargs must come before proargdefaults");

  StaticAssertDecl(Anum_pg_proc_pronargdefaults < Anum_pg_proc_proargdefaults,

           "pronargdefaults must come before proargdefaults");

  StaticAssertDecl(Anum_pg_proc_proargtypes < Anum_pg_proc_proargdefaults,

           "proargtypes must come before proargdefaults");

  if (Nulls[Anum_pg_proc_pronargs - 1])

    elog(ERROR, "pronargs must not be null");

  if (Nulls[Anum_pg_proc_proargtypes - 1])

    elog(ERROR, "proargtypes must not be null");

  pronargs = DatumGetInt16(values[Anum_pg_proc_pronargs - 1]);

  proargtypes = DatumGetPointer(values[Anum_pg_proc_proargtypes - 1]);

  Assert(pronargs == proargtypes->dim1);

  /* Parse the input string as an array value, then deconstruct to Datums */

  arrayval = OidFunctionCall3(F_ARRAY_IN,

                CStringGetDatum(value),

                ObjectIdGetDatum(CSTRINGOID),

                Int32GetDatum(-1));

  deconstruct_array_builtin(DatumGetArrayTypeP(arrayval), CSTRINGOID,

                &array_datums, &array_nulls, &array_count);

  /* The values should correspond to the last N argtypes */

  if (array_count > pronargs)

    elog(ERROR, "too many proargdefaults entries");

  /* Build the List of Const nodes */

  proargdefaults = NIL;

  for (int i = 0; i < array_count; i++)

  {

    Oid     argtype = proargtypes->values[pronargs - array_count + i];

    int16   typlen;

    bool    typbyval;

    char    typalign;

    char    typdelim;

    Oid     typioparam;

    Oid     typinput;

    Oid     typoutput;

    Oid     typcollation;

    Datum   defval;

    bool    defnull;

    Const    *defConst;

    boot_get_type_io_data(argtype,

                &typlen, &typbyval, &typalign,

                &typdelim, &typioparam,

                &typinput, &typoutput,

                &typcollation);

    defnull = array_nulls[i];

    if (defnull)

      defval = (Datum) 0;

    else

      defval = OidInputFunctionCall(typinput,

                      DatumGetCString(array_datums[i]),

                      typioparam, -1);

    defConst = makeConst(argtype,

               -1,  /* never any typmod */

               typcollation,

               typlen,

               defval,

               defnull,

               typbyval);

    proargdefaults = lappend(proargdefaults, defConst);

  }

  /*

   * Flatten the List to a node-tree string, then convert to a text datum,

   * which is the storage representation of pg_node_tree.

   */

  nodestring = nodeToString(proargdefaults);

  values[Anum_pg_proc_proargdefaults - 1] = CStringGetTextDatum(nodestring);

  Nulls[Anum_pg_proc_proargdefaults - 1] = false;

  /*

   * Hack: fill in pronargdefaults with the right value.  This is surely

   * ugly, but it beats making the programmer do it.

   */

  values[Anum_pg_proc_pronargdefaults - 1] = Int16GetDatum(array_count);

  Nulls[Anum_pg_proc_pronargdefaults - 1] = false;

}

/* ----------------

 *    InsertOneNull

 * ----------------

 */

void

InsertOneNull(int i)

{

  elog(DEBUG4, "inserting column %d NULL", i);

  Assert(i >= 0 && i < MAXATTR);

  if (TupleDescAttr(boot_reldesc->rd_att, i)->attnotnull)

    elog(ERROR,

       "NULL value specified for not-null column \"%s\" of relation \"%s\"",

       NameStr(TupleDescAttr(boot_reldesc->rd_att, i)->attname),

       RelationGetRelationName(boot_reldesc));

  values[i] = PointerGetDatum(NULL);

  Nulls[i] = true;

}

/* ----------------

 *    cleanup

 * ----------------

 */

static void

cleanup(void)

{

  if (boot_reldesc != NULL)

    closerel(NULL);

}

/* ----------------

 *    populate_typ_list

 *

 * Load the Typ list by reading pg_type.

 * ----------------

 */

static void

populate_typ_list(void)

{

  Relation  rel;

  TableScanDesc scan;

  HeapTuple tup;

  MemoryContext old;

  Assert(Typ == NIL);

  rel = table_open(TypeRelationId, NoLock);

  scan = table_beginscan_catalog(rel, 0, NULL);

  old = MemoryContextSwitchTo(TopMemoryContext);

  while ((tup = heap_getnext(scan, ForwardScanDirection)) != NULL)

  {

    Form_pg_type typForm = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);

    struct typmap *newtyp;

    newtyp = palloc_object(struct typmap);

    Typ = lappend(Typ, newtyp);

    newtyp->am_oid = typForm->oid;

    memcpy(&newtyp->am_typ, typForm, sizeof(newtyp->am_typ));

  }

  MemoryContextSwitchTo(old);

  table_endscan(scan);

  table_close(rel, NoLock);

}

/* ----------------

 *    gettype

 *

 * NB: this is really ugly; it will return an integer index into TypInfo[],

 * and not an OID at all, until the first reference to a type not known in

 * TypInfo[].  At that point it will read and cache pg_type in Typ,

 * and subsequently return a real OID (and set the global pointer Ap to

 * point at the found row in Typ).  So caller must check whether Typ is

 * still NIL to determine what the return value is!

 * ----------------

 */

static Oid

gettype(char *type)

{

  if (Typ != NIL)

  {

    ListCell   *lc;

    foreach(lc, Typ)

    {

      struct typmap *app = lfirst(lc);

      if (strncmp(NameStr(app->am_typ.typname), type, NAMEDATALEN) == 0)

      {

        Ap = app;

        return app->am_oid;

      }

    }

    /*

     * The type wasn't known; reload the pg_type contents and check again

     * to handle composite types, added since last populating the list.

     */

    list_free_deep(Typ);

    Typ = NIL;

    populate_typ_list();

    /*

     * Calling gettype would result in infinite recursion for types

     * missing in pg_type, so just repeat the lookup.

     */

    foreach(lc, Typ)

    {

      struct typmap *app = lfirst(lc);

      if (strncmp(NameStr(app->am_typ.typname), type, NAMEDATALEN) == 0)

      {

        Ap = app;

        return app->am_oid;

      }

    }

  }

  else

  {