/src/postgres/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c

Source
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * timestamp.c
 *    Functions for the built-in SQL types "timestamp" and "interval".
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2026, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *    src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

#include "postgres.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#include "access/xact.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "common/int.h"
#include "common/int128.h"
#include "funcapi.h"
#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "nodes/supportnodes.h"
#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
#include "parser/scansup.h"
#include "utils/array.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/date.h"
#include "utils/datetime.h"
#include "utils/float.h"
#include "utils/numeric.h"
#include "utils/skipsupport.h"
#include "utils/sortsupport.h"


/* Set at postmaster start */
TimestampTz PgStartTime;

/* Set at configuration reload */
TimestampTz PgReloadTime;

typedef struct
{
  Timestamp current;
  Timestamp finish;
  Interval  step;
  int     step_sign;
} generate_series_timestamp_fctx;

typedef struct
{
  TimestampTz current;
  TimestampTz finish;
  Interval  step;
  int     step_sign;
  pg_tz    *attimezone;
} generate_series_timestamptz_fctx;

/*
 * The transition datatype for interval aggregates is declared as internal.
 * It's a pointer to an IntervalAggState allocated in the aggregate context.
 */
typedef struct IntervalAggState
{
  int64   N;        /* count of finite intervals processed */
  Interval  sumX;     /* sum of finite intervals processed */
  /* These counts are *not* included in N!  Use IA_TOTAL_COUNT() as needed */
  int64   pInfcount;    /* count of +infinity intervals */
  int64   nInfcount;    /* count of -infinity intervals */
} IntervalAggState;

#define IA_TOTAL_COUNT(ia) \
  ((ia)->N + (ia)->pInfcount + (ia)->nInfcount)

static TimeOffset time2t(const int hour, const int min, const int sec, const fsec_t fsec);
static Timestamp dt2local(Timestamp dt, int timezone);
static bool AdjustIntervalForTypmod(Interval *interval, int32 typmod,
                  Node *escontext);
static TimestampTz timestamp2timestamptz(Timestamp timestamp);
static Timestamp timestamptz2timestamp(TimestampTz timestamp);

static void EncodeSpecialInterval(const Interval *interval, char *str);
static void interval_um_internal(const Interval *interval, Interval *result);

/* common code for timestamptypmodin and timestamptztypmodin */
static int32
anytimestamp_typmodin(bool istz, ArrayType *ta)
{
  int32    *tl;
  int     n;

  tl = ArrayGetIntegerTypmods(ta, &n);

  /*
   * we're not too tense about good error message here because grammar
   * shouldn't allow wrong number of modifiers for TIMESTAMP
   */
  if (n != 1)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("invalid type modifier")));

  return anytimestamp_typmod_check(istz, tl[0]);
}

/* exported so parse_expr.c can use it */
int32
anytimestamp_typmod_check(bool istz, int32 typmod)
{
  if (typmod < 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("TIMESTAMP(%d)%s precision must not be negative",
            typmod, (istz ? " WITH TIME ZONE" : ""))));
  if (typmod > MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION)
  {
    ereport(WARNING,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("TIMESTAMP(%d)%s precision reduced to maximum allowed, %d",
            typmod, (istz ? " WITH TIME ZONE" : ""),
            MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION)));
    typmod = MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION;
  }

  return typmod;
}

/* common code for timestamptypmodout and timestamptztypmodout */
static char *
anytimestamp_typmodout(bool istz, int32 typmod)
{
  const char *tz = istz ? " with time zone" : " without time zone";

  if (typmod >= 0)
    return psprintf("(%d)%s", (int) typmod, tz);
  else
    return pstrdup(tz);
}


/*****************************************************************************
 *   USER I/O ROUTINES                             *
 *****************************************************************************/

/*
 * timestamp_in()
 * Convert a string to internal form.
 */
Datum
timestamp_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  char     *str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
#ifdef NOT_USED
  Oid     typelem = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
#endif
  int32   typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
  Node     *escontext = fcinfo->context;
  Timestamp result;
  fsec_t    fsec;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;
  int     tz;
  int     dtype;
  int     nf;
  int     dterr;
  char     *field[MAXDATEFIELDS];
  int     ftype[MAXDATEFIELDS];
  char    workbuf[MAXDATELEN + MAXDATEFIELDS];
  DateTimeErrorExtra extra;

  dterr = ParseDateTime(str, workbuf, sizeof(workbuf),
              field, ftype, MAXDATEFIELDS, &nf);
  if (dterr == 0)
    dterr = DecodeDateTime(field, ftype, nf,
                 &dtype, tm, &fsec, &tz, &extra);
  if (dterr != 0)
  {
    DateTimeParseError(dterr, &extra, str, "timestamp", escontext);
    PG_RETURN_NULL();
  }

  switch (dtype)
  {
    case DTK_DATE:
      if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, NULL, &result) != 0)
        ereturn(escontext, (Datum) 0,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range: \"%s\"", str)));
      break;

    case DTK_EPOCH:
      result = SetEpochTimestamp();
      break;

    case DTK_LATE:
      TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
      break;

    case DTK_EARLY:
      TIMESTAMP_NOBEGIN(result);
      break;

    default:
      elog(ERROR, "unexpected dtype %d while parsing timestamp \"%s\"",
         dtype, str);
      TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
  }

  AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&result, typmod, escontext);

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/*
 * timestamp_out()
 * Convert a timestamp to external form.
 */
Datum
timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  char     *result;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;
  fsec_t    fsec;
  char    buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    EncodeSpecialTimestamp(timestamp, buf);
  else if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) == 0)
    EncodeDateTime(tm, fsec, false, 0, NULL, DateStyle, buf);
  else
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

  result = pstrdup(buf);
  PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
}

/*
 *    timestamp_recv      - converts external binary format to timestamp
 */
Datum
timestamp_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  StringInfo  buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

#ifdef NOT_USED
  Oid     typelem = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
#endif
  int32   typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
  Timestamp timestamp;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;
  fsec_t    fsec;

  timestamp = (Timestamp) pq_getmsgint64(buf);

  /* range check: see if timestamp_out would like it */
  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
     /* ok */ ;
  else if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0 ||
       !IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(timestamp))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

  AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&timestamp, typmod, NULL);

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamp);
}

/*
 *    timestamp_send      - converts timestamp to binary format
 */
Datum
timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  StringInfoData buf;

  pq_begintypsend(&buf);
  pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
  PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
}

Datum
timestamptypmodin(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  ArrayType  *ta = PG_GETARG_ARRAYTYPE_P(0);

  PG_RETURN_INT32(anytimestamp_typmodin(false, ta));
}

Datum
timestamptypmodout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  int32   typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);

  PG_RETURN_CSTRING(anytimestamp_typmodout(false, typmod));
}


/*
 * timestamp_support()
 *
 * Planner support function for the timestamp_scale() and timestamptz_scale()
 * length coercion functions (we need not distinguish them here).
 */
Datum
timestamp_support(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Node     *rawreq = (Node *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
  Node     *ret = NULL;

  if (IsA(rawreq, SupportRequestSimplify))
  {
    SupportRequestSimplify *req = (SupportRequestSimplify *) rawreq;

    ret = TemporalSimplify(MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION, (Node *) req->fcall);
  }

  PG_RETURN_POINTER(ret);
}

/*
 * timestamp_scale()
 * Adjust time type for specified scale factor.
 * Used by PostgreSQL type system to stuff columns.
 */
Datum
timestamp_scale(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  int32   typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
  Timestamp result;

  result = timestamp;

  if (!AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&result, typmod, fcinfo->context))
    PG_RETURN_NULL();

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/*
 * AdjustTimestampForTypmod --- round off a timestamp to suit given typmod
 * Works for either timestamp or timestamptz.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false on failure (if escontext points to an
 * ErrorSaveContext; otherwise errors are thrown).
 */
bool
AdjustTimestampForTypmod(Timestamp *time, int32 typmod, Node *escontext)
{
  static const int64 TimestampScales[MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION + 1] = {
    INT64CONST(1000000),
    INT64CONST(100000),
    INT64CONST(10000),
    INT64CONST(1000),
    INT64CONST(100),
    INT64CONST(10),
    INT64CONST(1)
  };

  static const int64 TimestampOffsets[MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION + 1] = {
    INT64CONST(500000),
    INT64CONST(50000),
    INT64CONST(5000),
    INT64CONST(500),
    INT64CONST(50),
    INT64CONST(5),
    INT64CONST(0)
  };

  if (!TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(*time)
    && (typmod != -1) && (typmod != MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION))
  {
    if (typmod < 0 || typmod > MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION)
      ereturn(escontext, false,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
           errmsg("timestamp(%d) precision must be between %d and %d",
              typmod, 0, MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION)));

    if (*time >= INT64CONST(0))
    {
      *time = ((*time + TimestampOffsets[typmod]) / TimestampScales[typmod]) *
        TimestampScales[typmod];
    }
    else
    {
      *time = -((((-*time) + TimestampOffsets[typmod]) / TimestampScales[typmod])
            * TimestampScales[typmod]);
    }
  }

  return true;
}

/*
 * timestamptz_in()
 * Convert a string to internal form.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  char     *str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
#ifdef NOT_USED
  Oid     typelem = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
#endif
  int32   typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
  Node     *escontext = fcinfo->context;
  TimestampTz result;
  fsec_t    fsec;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;
  int     tz;
  int     dtype;
  int     nf;
  int     dterr;
  char     *field[MAXDATEFIELDS];
  int     ftype[MAXDATEFIELDS];
  char    workbuf[MAXDATELEN + MAXDATEFIELDS];
  DateTimeErrorExtra extra;

  dterr = ParseDateTime(str, workbuf, sizeof(workbuf),
              field, ftype, MAXDATEFIELDS, &nf);
  if (dterr == 0)
    dterr = DecodeDateTime(field, ftype, nf,
                 &dtype, tm, &fsec, &tz, &extra);
  if (dterr != 0)
  {
    DateTimeParseError(dterr, &extra, str, "timestamp with time zone",
               escontext);
    PG_RETURN_NULL();
  }

  switch (dtype)
  {
    case DTK_DATE:
      if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, &tz, &result) != 0)
        ereturn(escontext, (Datum) 0,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range: \"%s\"", str)));
      break;

    case DTK_EPOCH:
      result = SetEpochTimestamp();
      break;

    case DTK_LATE:
      TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
      break;

    case DTK_EARLY:
      TIMESTAMP_NOBEGIN(result);
      break;

    default:
      elog(ERROR, "unexpected dtype %d while parsing timestamptz \"%s\"",
         dtype, str);
      TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
  }

  AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&result, typmod, escontext);

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}

/*
 * Try to parse a timezone specification, and return its timezone offset value
 * if it's acceptable.  Otherwise, an error is thrown.
 *
 * Note: some code paths update tm->tm_isdst, and some don't; current callers
 * don't care, so we don't bother being consistent.
 */
static int
parse_sane_timezone(struct pg_tm *tm, text *zone)
{
  char    tzname[TZ_STRLEN_MAX + 1];
  int     dterr;
  int     tz;

  text_to_cstring_buffer(zone, tzname, sizeof(tzname));

  /*
   * Look up the requested timezone.  First we try to interpret it as a
   * numeric timezone specification; if DecodeTimezone decides it doesn't
   * like the format, we try timezone abbreviations and names.
   *
   * Note pg_tzset happily parses numeric input that DecodeTimezone would
   * reject.  To avoid having it accept input that would otherwise be seen
   * as invalid, it's enough to disallow having a digit in the first
   * position of our input string.
   */
  if (isdigit((unsigned char) *tzname))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("invalid input syntax for type %s: \"%s\"",
            "numeric time zone", tzname),
         errhint("Numeric time zones must have \"-\" or \"+\" as first character.")));

  dterr = DecodeTimezone(tzname, &tz);
  if (dterr != 0)
  {
    int     type,
          val;
    pg_tz    *tzp;

    if (dterr == DTERR_TZDISP_OVERFLOW)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
           errmsg("numeric time zone \"%s\" out of range", tzname)));
    else if (dterr != DTERR_BAD_FORMAT)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
           errmsg("time zone \"%s\" not recognized", tzname)));

    type = DecodeTimezoneName(tzname, &val, &tzp);

    if (type == TZNAME_FIXED_OFFSET)
    {
      /* fixed-offset abbreviation */
      tz = -val;
    }
    else if (type == TZNAME_DYNTZ)
    {
      /* dynamic-offset abbreviation, resolve using specified time */
      tz = DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffset(tm, tzname, tzp);
    }
    else
    {
      /* full zone name */
      tz = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, tzp);
    }
  }

  return tz;
}

/*
 * Look up the requested timezone, returning a pg_tz struct.
 *
 * This is the same as DecodeTimezoneNameToTz, but starting with a text Datum.
 */
static pg_tz *
lookup_timezone(text *zone)
{
  char    tzname[TZ_STRLEN_MAX + 1];

  text_to_cstring_buffer(zone, tzname, sizeof(tzname));

  return DecodeTimezoneNameToTz(tzname);
}

/*
 * make_timestamp_internal
 *    workhorse for make_timestamp and make_timestamptz
 */
static Timestamp
make_timestamp_internal(int year, int month, int day,
            int hour, int min, double sec)
{
  struct pg_tm tm;
  TimeOffset  date;
  TimeOffset  time;
  int     dterr;
  bool    bc = false;
  Timestamp result;

  tm.tm_year = year;
  tm.tm_mon = month;
  tm.tm_mday = day;

  /* Handle negative years as BC */
  if (tm.tm_year < 0)
  {
    bc = true;
    tm.tm_year = -tm.tm_year;
  }

  dterr = ValidateDate(DTK_DATE_M, false, false, bc, &tm);

  if (dterr != 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_FIELD_OVERFLOW),
         errmsg("date field value out of range: %d-%02d-%02d",
            year, month, day)));

  if (!IS_VALID_JULIAN(tm.tm_year, tm.tm_mon, tm.tm_mday))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("date out of range: %d-%02d-%02d",
            year, month, day)));

  date = date2j(tm.tm_year, tm.tm_mon, tm.tm_mday) - POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE;

  /* Check for time overflow */
  if (float_time_overflows(hour, min, sec))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_FIELD_OVERFLOW),
         errmsg("time field value out of range: %d:%02d:%02g",
            hour, min, sec)));

  /* This should match tm2time */
  time = (((hour * MINS_PER_HOUR + min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE)
      * USECS_PER_SEC) + (int64) rint(sec * USECS_PER_SEC);

  if (unlikely(pg_mul_s64_overflow(date, USECS_PER_DAY, &result) ||
         pg_add_s64_overflow(result, time, &result)))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range: %d-%02d-%02d %d:%02d:%02g",
            year, month, day,
            hour, min, sec)));

  /* final range check catches just-out-of-range timestamps */
  if (!IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(result))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range: %d-%02d-%02d %d:%02d:%02g",
            year, month, day,
            hour, min, sec)));

  return result;
}

/*
 * make_timestamp() - timestamp constructor
 */
Datum
make_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  int32   year = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
  int32   month = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
  int32   mday = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
  int32   hour = PG_GETARG_INT32(3);
  int32   min = PG_GETARG_INT32(4);
  float8    sec = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(5);
  Timestamp result;

  result = make_timestamp_internal(year, month, mday,
                   hour, min, sec);

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/*
 * make_timestamptz() - timestamp with time zone constructor
 */
Datum
make_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  int32   year = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
  int32   month = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
  int32   mday = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
  int32   hour = PG_GETARG_INT32(3);
  int32   min = PG_GETARG_INT32(4);
  float8    sec = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(5);
  Timestamp result;

  result = make_timestamp_internal(year, month, mday,
                   hour, min, sec);

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(timestamp2timestamptz(result));
}

/*
 * Construct a timestamp with time zone.
 *    As above, but the time zone is specified as seventh argument.
 */
Datum
make_timestamptz_at_timezone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  int32   year = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
  int32   month = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
  int32   mday = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
  int32   hour = PG_GETARG_INT32(3);
  int32   min = PG_GETARG_INT32(4);
  float8    sec = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(5);
  text     *zone = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(6);
  TimestampTz result;
  Timestamp timestamp;
  struct pg_tm tt;
  int     tz;
  fsec_t    fsec;

  timestamp = make_timestamp_internal(year, month, mday,
                    hour, min, sec);

  if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, &tt, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

  tz = parse_sane_timezone(&tt, zone);

  result = dt2local(timestamp, -tz);

  if (!IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(result))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}

/*
 * to_timestamp(double precision)
 * Convert UNIX epoch to timestamptz.
 */
Datum
float8_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  float8    seconds = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
  TimestampTz result;

  /* Deal with NaN and infinite inputs ... */
  if (isnan(seconds))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp cannot be NaN")));

  if (isinf(seconds))
  {
    if (seconds < 0)
      TIMESTAMP_NOBEGIN(result);
    else
      TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
  }
  else
  {
    /* Out of range? */
    if (seconds <
      (float8) SECS_PER_DAY * (DATETIME_MIN_JULIAN - UNIX_EPOCH_JDATE)
      || seconds >=
      (float8) SECS_PER_DAY * (TIMESTAMP_END_JULIAN - UNIX_EPOCH_JDATE))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range: \"%g\"", seconds)));

    /* Convert UNIX epoch to Postgres epoch */
    seconds -= ((POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE - UNIX_EPOCH_JDATE) * SECS_PER_DAY);

    seconds = rint(seconds * USECS_PER_SEC);
    result = (int64) seconds;

    /* Recheck in case roundoff produces something just out of range */
    if (!IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(result))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range: \"%g\"",
              PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0))));
  }

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/*
 * timestamptz_out()
 * Convert a timestamp to external form.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  char     *result;
  int     tz;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;
  fsec_t    fsec;
  const char *tzn;
  char    buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(dt))
    EncodeSpecialTimestamp(dt, buf);
  else if (timestamp2tm(dt, &tz, tm, &fsec, &tzn, NULL) == 0)
    EncodeDateTime(tm, fsec, true, tz, tzn, DateStyle, buf);
  else
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

  result = pstrdup(buf);
  PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
}

/*
 *    timestamptz_recv      - converts external binary format to timestamptz
 */
Datum
timestamptz_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  StringInfo  buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

#ifdef NOT_USED
  Oid     typelem = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
#endif
  int32   typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
  TimestampTz timestamp;
  int     tz;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;
  fsec_t    fsec;

  timestamp = (TimestampTz) pq_getmsgint64(buf);

  /* range check: see if timestamptz_out would like it */
  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
     /* ok */ ;
  else if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0 ||
       !IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(timestamp))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

  AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&timestamp, typmod, NULL);

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(timestamp);
}

/*
 *    timestamptz_send      - converts timestamptz to binary format
 */
Datum
timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  StringInfoData buf;

  pq_begintypsend(&buf);
  pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
  PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
}

Datum
timestamptztypmodin(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  ArrayType  *ta = PG_GETARG_ARRAYTYPE_P(0);

  PG_RETURN_INT32(anytimestamp_typmodin(true, ta));
}

Datum
timestamptztypmodout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  int32   typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);

  PG_RETURN_CSTRING(anytimestamp_typmodout(true, typmod));
}


/*
 * timestamptz_scale()
 * Adjust time type for specified scale factor.
 * Used by PostgreSQL type system to stuff columns.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_scale(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  int32   typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
  TimestampTz result;

  result = timestamp;

  if (!AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&result, typmod, fcinfo->context))
    PG_RETURN_NULL();

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}


/*
 * interval_in()
 * Convert a string to internal form.
 *
 * External format(s):
 *  Uses the generic date/time parsing and decoding routines.
 */
Datum
interval_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  char     *str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
#ifdef NOT_USED
  Oid     typelem = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
#endif
  int32   typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
  Node     *escontext = fcinfo->context;
  Interval   *result;
  struct pg_itm_in tt,
         *itm_in = &tt;
  int     dtype;
  int     nf;
  int     range;
  int     dterr;
  char     *field[MAXDATEFIELDS];
  int     ftype[MAXDATEFIELDS];
  char    workbuf[256];
  DateTimeErrorExtra extra;

  itm_in->tm_year = 0;
  itm_in->tm_mon = 0;
  itm_in->tm_mday = 0;
  itm_in->tm_usec = 0;

  if (typmod >= 0)
    range = INTERVAL_RANGE(typmod);
  else
    range = INTERVAL_FULL_RANGE;

  dterr = ParseDateTime(str, workbuf, sizeof(workbuf), field,
              ftype, MAXDATEFIELDS, &nf);
  if (dterr == 0)
    dterr = DecodeInterval(field, ftype, nf, range,
                 &dtype, itm_in);

  /* if those functions think it's a bad format, try ISO8601 style */
  if (dterr == DTERR_BAD_FORMAT)
    dterr = DecodeISO8601Interval(str,
                    &dtype, itm_in);

  if (dterr != 0)
  {
    if (dterr == DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW)
      dterr = DTERR_INTERVAL_OVERFLOW;
    DateTimeParseError(dterr, &extra, str, "interval", escontext);
    PG_RETURN_NULL();
  }

  result = palloc_object(Interval);

  switch (dtype)
  {
    case DTK_DELTA:
      if (itmin2interval(itm_in, result) != 0)
        ereturn(escontext, (Datum) 0,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("interval out of range")));
      break;

    case DTK_LATE:
      INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
      break;

    case DTK_EARLY:
      INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);
      break;

    default:
      elog(ERROR, "unexpected dtype %d while parsing interval \"%s\"",
         dtype, str);
  }

  AdjustIntervalForTypmod(result, typmod, escontext);

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 * interval_out()
 * Convert a time span to external form.
 */
Datum
interval_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  char     *result;
  struct pg_itm tt,
         *itm = &tt;
  char    buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];

  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(span))
    EncodeSpecialInterval(span, buf);
  else
  {
    interval2itm(*span, itm);
    EncodeInterval(itm, IntervalStyle, buf);
  }

  result = pstrdup(buf);
  PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
}

/*
 *    interval_recv     - converts external binary format to interval
 */
Datum
interval_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  StringInfo  buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

#ifdef NOT_USED
  Oid     typelem = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
#endif
  int32   typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
  Interval   *interval;

  interval = palloc_object(Interval);

  interval->time = pq_getmsgint64(buf);
  interval->day = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(interval->day));
  interval->month = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(interval->month));

  AdjustIntervalForTypmod(interval, typmod, NULL);

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(interval);
}

/*
 *    interval_send     - converts interval to binary format
 */
Datum
interval_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  StringInfoData buf;

  pq_begintypsend(&buf);
  pq_sendint64(&buf, interval->time);
  pq_sendint32(&buf, interval->day);
  pq_sendint32(&buf, interval->month);
  PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
}

/*
 * The interval typmod stores a "range" in its high 16 bits and a "precision"
 * in its low 16 bits.  Both contribute to defining the resolution of the
 * type.  Range addresses resolution granules larger than one second, and
 * precision specifies resolution below one second.  This representation can
 * express all SQL standard resolutions, but we implement them all in terms of
 * truncating rightward from some position.  Range is a bitmap of permitted
 * fields, but only the temporally-smallest such field is significant to our
 * calculations.  Precision is a count of sub-second decimal places to retain.
 * Setting all bits (INTERVAL_FULL_PRECISION) gives the same truncation
 * semantics as choosing MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION.
 */
Datum
intervaltypmodin(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  ArrayType  *ta = PG_GETARG_ARRAYTYPE_P(0);
  int32    *tl;
  int     n;
  int32   typmod;

  tl = ArrayGetIntegerTypmods(ta, &n);

  /*
   * tl[0] - interval range (fields bitmask)  tl[1] - precision (optional)
   *
   * Note we must validate tl[0] even though it's normally guaranteed
   * correct by the grammar --- consider SELECT 'foo'::"interval"(1000).
   */
  if (n > 0)
  {
    switch (tl[0])
    {
      case INTERVAL_MASK(YEAR):
      case INTERVAL_MASK(MONTH):
      case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY):
      case INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR):
      case INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE):
      case INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
      case INTERVAL_MASK(YEAR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MONTH):
      case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) | INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR):
      case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) | INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE):
      case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) | INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
      case INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE):
      case INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
      case INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
      case INTERVAL_FULL_RANGE:
        /* all OK */
        break;
      default:
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
             errmsg("invalid INTERVAL type modifier")));
    }
  }

  if (n == 1)
  {
    if (tl[0] != INTERVAL_FULL_RANGE)
      typmod = INTERVAL_TYPMOD(INTERVAL_FULL_PRECISION, tl[0]);
    else
      typmod = -1;
  }
  else if (n == 2)
  {
    if (tl[1] < 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
           errmsg("INTERVAL(%d) precision must not be negative",
              tl[1])));
    if (tl[1] > MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION)
    {
      ereport(WARNING,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
           errmsg("INTERVAL(%d) precision reduced to maximum allowed, %d",
              tl[1], MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION)));
      typmod = INTERVAL_TYPMOD(MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION, tl[0]);
    }
    else
      typmod = INTERVAL_TYPMOD(tl[1], tl[0]);
  }
  else
  {
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("invalid INTERVAL type modifier")));
    typmod = 0;       /* keep compiler quiet */
  }

  PG_RETURN_INT32(typmod);
}

Datum
intervaltypmodout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  int32   typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
  char     *res = (char *) palloc(64);
  int     fields;
  int     precision;
  const char *fieldstr;

  if (typmod < 0)
  {
    *res = '\0';
    PG_RETURN_CSTRING(res);
  }

  fields = INTERVAL_RANGE(typmod);
  precision = INTERVAL_PRECISION(typmod);

  switch (fields)
  {
    case INTERVAL_MASK(YEAR):
      fieldstr = " year";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_MASK(MONTH):
      fieldstr = " month";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY):
      fieldstr = " day";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR):
      fieldstr = " hour";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE):
      fieldstr = " minute";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
      fieldstr = " second";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_MASK(YEAR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MONTH):
      fieldstr = " year to month";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) | INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR):
      fieldstr = " day to hour";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) | INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE):
      fieldstr = " day to minute";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) | INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
      fieldstr = " day to second";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE):
      fieldstr = " hour to minute";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
      fieldstr = " hour to second";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
      fieldstr = " minute to second";
      break;
    case INTERVAL_FULL_RANGE:
      fieldstr = "";
      break;
    default:
      elog(ERROR, "invalid INTERVAL typmod: 0x%x", typmod);
      fieldstr = "";
      break;
  }

  if (precision != INTERVAL_FULL_PRECISION)
    snprintf(res, 64, "%s(%d)", fieldstr, precision);
  else
    snprintf(res, 64, "%s", fieldstr);

  PG_RETURN_CSTRING(res);
}

/*
 * Given an interval typmod value, return a code for the least-significant
 * field that the typmod allows to be nonzero, for instance given
 * INTERVAL DAY TO HOUR we want to identify "hour".
 *
 * The results should be ordered by field significance, which means
 * we can't use the dt.h macros YEAR etc, because for some odd reason
 * they aren't ordered that way.  Instead, arbitrarily represent
 * SECOND = 0, MINUTE = 1, HOUR = 2, DAY = 3, MONTH = 4, YEAR = 5.
 */
static int
intervaltypmodleastfield(int32 typmod)
{
  if (typmod < 0)
    return 0;       /* SECOND */

  switch (INTERVAL_RANGE(typmod))
  {
    case INTERVAL_MASK(YEAR):
      return 5;     /* YEAR */
    case INTERVAL_MASK(MONTH):
      return 4;     /* MONTH */
    case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY):
      return 3;     /* DAY */
    case INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR):
      return 2;     /* HOUR */
    case INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE):
      return 1;     /* MINUTE */
    case INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
      return 0;     /* SECOND */
    case INTERVAL_MASK(YEAR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MONTH):
      return 4;     /* MONTH */
    case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) | INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR):
      return 2;     /* HOUR */
    case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) | INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE):
      return 1;     /* MINUTE */
    case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) | INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
      return 0;     /* SECOND */
    case INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE):
      return 1;     /* MINUTE */
    case INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
      return 0;     /* SECOND */
    case INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
      return 0;     /* SECOND */
    case INTERVAL_FULL_RANGE:
      return 0;     /* SECOND */
    default:
      elog(ERROR, "invalid INTERVAL typmod: 0x%x", typmod);
      break;
  }
  return 0;         /* can't get here, but keep compiler quiet */
}


/*
 * interval_support()
 *
 * Planner support function for interval_scale().
 *
 * Flatten superfluous calls to interval_scale().  The interval typmod is
 * complex to permit accepting and regurgitating all SQL standard variations.
 * For truncation purposes, it boils down to a single, simple granularity.
 */
Datum
interval_support(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Node     *rawreq = (Node *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
  Node     *ret = NULL;

  if (IsA(rawreq, SupportRequestSimplify))
  {
    SupportRequestSimplify *req = (SupportRequestSimplify *) rawreq;
    FuncExpr   *expr = req->fcall;
    Node     *typmod;

    Assert(list_length(expr->args) >= 2);

    typmod = (Node *) lsecond(expr->args);

    if (IsA(typmod, Const) && !((Const *) typmod)->constisnull)
    {
      Node     *source = (Node *) linitial(expr->args);
      int32   new_typmod = DatumGetInt32(((Const *) typmod)->constvalue);
      bool    noop;

      if (new_typmod < 0)
        noop = true;
      else
      {
        int32   old_typmod = exprTypmod(source);
        int     old_least_field;
        int     new_least_field;
        int     old_precis;
        int     new_precis;

        old_least_field = intervaltypmodleastfield(old_typmod);
        new_least_field = intervaltypmodleastfield(new_typmod);
        if (old_typmod < 0)
          old_precis = INTERVAL_FULL_PRECISION;
        else
          old_precis = INTERVAL_PRECISION(old_typmod);
        new_precis = INTERVAL_PRECISION(new_typmod);

        /*
         * Cast is a no-op if least field stays the same or decreases
         * while precision stays the same or increases.  But
         * precision, which is to say, sub-second precision, only
         * affects ranges that include SECOND.
         */
        noop = (new_least_field <= old_least_field) &&
          (old_least_field > 0 /* SECOND */ ||
           new_precis >= MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION ||
           new_precis >= old_precis);
      }
      if (noop)
        ret = relabel_to_typmod(source, new_typmod);
    }
  }

  PG_RETURN_POINTER(ret);
}

/*
 * interval_scale()
 * Adjust interval type for specified fields.
 * Used by PostgreSQL type system to stuff columns.
 */
Datum
interval_scale(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  int32   typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
  Interval   *result;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);
  *result = *interval;

  if (!AdjustIntervalForTypmod(result, typmod, fcinfo->context))
    PG_RETURN_NULL();

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 *  Adjust interval for specified precision, in both YEAR to SECOND
 *  range and sub-second precision.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false on failure (if escontext points to an
 * ErrorSaveContext; otherwise errors are thrown).
 */
static bool
AdjustIntervalForTypmod(Interval *interval, int32 typmod,
            Node *escontext)
{
  static const int64 IntervalScales[MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION + 1] = {
    INT64CONST(1000000),
    INT64CONST(100000),
    INT64CONST(10000),
    INT64CONST(1000),
    INT64CONST(100),
    INT64CONST(10),
    INT64CONST(1)
  };

  static const int64 IntervalOffsets[MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION + 1] = {
    INT64CONST(500000),
    INT64CONST(50000),
    INT64CONST(5000),
    INT64CONST(500),
    INT64CONST(50),
    INT64CONST(5),
    INT64CONST(0)
  };

  /* Typmod has no effect on infinite intervals */
  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(interval))
    return true;

  /*
   * Unspecified range and precision? Then not necessary to adjust. Setting
   * typmod to -1 is the convention for all data types.
   */
  if (typmod >= 0)
  {
    int     range = INTERVAL_RANGE(typmod);
    int     precision = INTERVAL_PRECISION(typmod);

    /*
     * Our interpretation of intervals with a limited set of fields is
     * that fields to the right of the last one specified are zeroed out,
     * but those to the left of it remain valid.  Thus for example there
     * is no operational difference between INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH and
     * INTERVAL MONTH.  In some cases we could meaningfully enforce that
     * higher-order fields are zero; for example INTERVAL DAY could reject
     * nonzero "month" field.  However that seems a bit pointless when we
     * can't do it consistently.  (We cannot enforce a range limit on the
     * highest expected field, since we do not have any equivalent of
     * SQL's <interval leading field precision>.)  If we ever decide to
     * revisit this, interval_support will likely require adjusting.
     *
     * Note: before PG 8.4 we interpreted a limited set of fields as
     * actually causing a "modulo" operation on a given value, potentially
     * losing high-order as well as low-order information.  But there is
     * no support for such behavior in the standard, and it seems fairly
     * undesirable on data consistency grounds anyway.  Now we only
     * perform truncation or rounding of low-order fields.
     */
    if (range == INTERVAL_FULL_RANGE)
    {
      /* Do nothing... */
    }
    else if (range == INTERVAL_MASK(YEAR))
    {
      interval->month = (interval->month / MONTHS_PER_YEAR) * MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
      interval->day = 0;
      interval->time = 0;
    }
    else if (range == INTERVAL_MASK(MONTH))
    {
      interval->day = 0;
      interval->time = 0;
    }
    /* YEAR TO MONTH */
    else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(YEAR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MONTH)))
    {
      interval->day = 0;
      interval->time = 0;
    }
    else if (range == INTERVAL_MASK(DAY))
    {
      interval->time = 0;
    }
    else if (range == INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR))
    {
      interval->time = (interval->time / USECS_PER_HOUR) *
        USECS_PER_HOUR;
    }
    else if (range == INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE))
    {
      interval->time = (interval->time / USECS_PER_MINUTE) *
        USECS_PER_MINUTE;
    }
    else if (range == INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND))
    {
      /* fractional-second rounding will be dealt with below */
    }
    /* DAY TO HOUR */
    else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) |
               INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR)))
    {
      interval->time = (interval->time / USECS_PER_HOUR) *
        USECS_PER_HOUR;
    }
    /* DAY TO MINUTE */
    else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) |
               INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) |
               INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE)))
    {
      interval->time = (interval->time / USECS_PER_MINUTE) *
        USECS_PER_MINUTE;
    }
    /* DAY TO SECOND */
    else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) |
               INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) |
               INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) |
               INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND)))
    {
      /* fractional-second rounding will be dealt with below */
    }
    /* HOUR TO MINUTE */
    else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) |
               INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE)))
    {
      interval->time = (interval->time / USECS_PER_MINUTE) *
        USECS_PER_MINUTE;
    }
    /* HOUR TO SECOND */
    else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) |
               INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) |
               INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND)))
    {
      /* fractional-second rounding will be dealt with below */
    }
    /* MINUTE TO SECOND */
    else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) |
               INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND)))
    {
      /* fractional-second rounding will be dealt with below */
    }
    else
      elog(ERROR, "unrecognized interval typmod: %d", typmod);

    /* Need to adjust sub-second precision? */
    if (precision != INTERVAL_FULL_PRECISION)
    {
      if (precision < 0 || precision > MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION)
        ereturn(escontext, false,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
             errmsg("interval(%d) precision must be between %d and %d",
                precision, 0, MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION)));

      if (interval->time >= INT64CONST(0))
      {
        if (pg_add_s64_overflow(interval->time,
                    IntervalOffsets[precision],
                    &interval->time))
          ereturn(escontext, false,
              (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
               errmsg("interval out of range")));
        interval->time -= interval->time % IntervalScales[precision];
      }
      else
      {
        if (pg_sub_s64_overflow(interval->time,
                    IntervalOffsets[precision],
                    &interval->time))
          ereturn(escontext, false,
              (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
               errmsg("interval out of range")));
        interval->time -= interval->time % IntervalScales[precision];
      }
    }
  }

  return true;
}

/*
 * make_interval - numeric Interval constructor
 */
Datum
make_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  int32   years = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
  int32   months = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
  int32   weeks = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
  int32   days = PG_GETARG_INT32(3);
  int32   hours = PG_GETARG_INT32(4);
  int32   mins = PG_GETARG_INT32(5);
  double    secs = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(6);
  Interval   *result;

  /*
   * Reject out-of-range inputs.  We reject any input values that cause
   * integer overflow of the corresponding interval fields.
   */
  if (isinf(secs) || isnan(secs))
    goto out_of_range;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);

  /* years and months -> months */
  if (pg_mul_s32_overflow(years, MONTHS_PER_YEAR, &result->month) ||
    pg_add_s32_overflow(result->month, months, &result->month))
    goto out_of_range;

  /* weeks and days -> days */
  if (pg_mul_s32_overflow(weeks, DAYS_PER_WEEK, &result->day) ||
    pg_add_s32_overflow(result->day, days, &result->day))
    goto out_of_range;

  /* hours and mins -> usecs (cannot overflow 64-bit) */
  result->time = hours * USECS_PER_HOUR + mins * USECS_PER_MINUTE;

  /* secs -> usecs */
  secs = rint(float8_mul(secs, USECS_PER_SEC));
  if (!FLOAT8_FITS_IN_INT64(secs) ||
    pg_add_s64_overflow(result->time, (int64) secs, &result->time))
    goto out_of_range;

  /* make sure that the result is finite */
  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(result))
    goto out_of_range;

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);

out_of_range:
  ereport(ERROR,
      errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
      errmsg("interval out of range"));

  PG_RETURN_NULL();     /* keep compiler quiet */
}

/*
 * EncodeSpecialTimestamp()
 * Convert reserved timestamp data type to string.
 */
void
EncodeSpecialTimestamp(Timestamp dt, char *str)
{
  if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt))
    strcpy(str, EARLY);
  else if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt))
    strcpy(str, LATE);
  else            /* shouldn't happen */
    elog(ERROR, "invalid argument for EncodeSpecialTimestamp");
}

static void
EncodeSpecialInterval(const Interval *interval, char *str)
{
  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(interval))
    strcpy(str, EARLY);
  else if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(interval))
    strcpy(str, LATE);
  else            /* shouldn't happen */
    elog(ERROR, "invalid argument for EncodeSpecialInterval");
}

Datum
now(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(GetCurrentTransactionStartTimestamp());
}

Datum
statement_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(GetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp());
}

Datum
clock_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(GetCurrentTimestamp());
}

Datum
pg_postmaster_start_time(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(PgStartTime);
}

Datum
pg_conf_load_time(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(PgReloadTime);
}

/*
 * GetCurrentTimestamp -- get the current operating system time
 *
 * Result is in the form of a TimestampTz value, and is expressed to the
 * full precision of the gettimeofday() syscall
 */
TimestampTz
GetCurrentTimestamp(void)
{
  TimestampTz result;
  struct timeval tp;

  gettimeofday(&tp, NULL);

  result = (TimestampTz) tp.tv_sec -
    ((POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE - UNIX_EPOCH_JDATE) * SECS_PER_DAY);
  result = (result * USECS_PER_SEC) + tp.tv_usec;

  return result;
}

/*
 * GetSQLCurrentTimestamp -- implements CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(n)
 */
TimestampTz
GetSQLCurrentTimestamp(int32 typmod)
{
  TimestampTz ts;

  ts = GetCurrentTransactionStartTimestamp();
  if (typmod >= 0)
    AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&ts, typmod, NULL);
  return ts;
}

/*
 * GetSQLLocalTimestamp -- implements LOCALTIMESTAMP, LOCALTIMESTAMP(n)
 */
Timestamp
GetSQLLocalTimestamp(int32 typmod)
{
  Timestamp ts;

  ts = timestamptz2timestamp(GetCurrentTransactionStartTimestamp());
  if (typmod >= 0)
    AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&ts, typmod, NULL);
  return ts;
}

/*
 * timeofday(*) -- returns the current time as a text.
 */
Datum
timeofday(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  struct timeval tp;
  pg_time_t tt;
  struct pg_tm *tm;
  char    part1[128];
  char    part2[128];
  char    buf[128 + 128 + 10];

  gettimeofday(&tp, NULL);
  tt = (pg_time_t) tp.tv_sec;
  tm = pg_localtime(&tt, session_timezone);

  pg_strftime(part1, sizeof(part1), "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S", tm);
  pg_strftime(part2, sizeof(part2), "%Y %Z", tm);
  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s.%06d %s", part1, (int) tp.tv_usec, part2);

  PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(cstring_to_text(buf));
}

/*
 * TimestampDifference -- convert the difference between two timestamps
 *    into integer seconds and microseconds
 *
 * This is typically used to calculate a wait timeout for select(2),
 * which explains the otherwise-odd choice of output format.
 *
 * Both inputs must be ordinary finite timestamps (in current usage,
 * they'll be results from GetCurrentTimestamp()).
 *
 * We expect start_time <= stop_time.  If not, we return zeros,
 * since then we're already past the previously determined stop_time.
 */
void
TimestampDifference(TimestampTz start_time, TimestampTz stop_time,
          long *secs, int *microsecs)
{
  TimestampTz diff = stop_time - start_time;

  if (diff <= 0)
  {
    *secs = 0;
    *microsecs = 0;
  }
  else
  {
    *secs = (long) (diff / USECS_PER_SEC);
    *microsecs = (int) (diff % USECS_PER_SEC);
  }
}

/*
 * TimestampDifferenceMilliseconds -- convert the difference between two
 *    timestamps into integer milliseconds
 *
 * This is typically used to calculate a wait timeout for WaitLatch()
 * or a related function.  The choice of "long" as the result type
 * is to harmonize with that; furthermore, we clamp the result to at most
 * INT_MAX milliseconds, because that's all that WaitLatch() allows.
 *
 * We expect start_time <= stop_time.  If not, we return zero,
 * since then we're already past the previously determined stop_time.
 *
 * Subtracting finite and infinite timestamps works correctly, returning
 * zero or INT_MAX as appropriate.
 *
 * Note we round up any fractional millisecond, since waiting for just
 * less than the intended timeout is undesirable.
 */
long
TimestampDifferenceMilliseconds(TimestampTz start_time, TimestampTz stop_time)
{
  TimestampTz diff;

  /* Deal with zero or negative elapsed time quickly. */
  if (start_time >= stop_time)
    return 0;
  /* To not fail with timestamp infinities, we must detect overflow. */
  if (pg_sub_s64_overflow(stop_time, start_time, &diff))
    return (long) INT_MAX;
  if (diff >= (INT_MAX * INT64CONST(1000) - 999))
    return (long) INT_MAX;
  else
    return (long) ((diff + 999) / 1000);
}

/*
 * TimestampDifferenceExceeds -- report whether the difference between two
 *    timestamps is >= a threshold (expressed in milliseconds)
 *
 * Both inputs must be ordinary finite timestamps (in current usage,
 * they'll be results from GetCurrentTimestamp()).
 */
bool
TimestampDifferenceExceeds(TimestampTz start_time,
               TimestampTz stop_time,
               int msec)
{
  TimestampTz diff = stop_time - start_time;

  return (diff >= msec * INT64CONST(1000));
}

/*
 * Check if the difference between two timestamps is >= a given
 * threshold (expressed in seconds).
 */
bool
TimestampDifferenceExceedsSeconds(TimestampTz start_time,
                  TimestampTz stop_time,
                  int threshold_sec)
{
  long    secs;
  int     usecs;

  /* Calculate the difference in seconds */
  TimestampDifference(start_time, stop_time, &secs, &usecs);

  return (secs >= threshold_sec);
}

/*
 * Convert a time_t to TimestampTz.
 *
 * We do not use time_t internally in Postgres, but this is provided for use
 * by functions that need to interpret, say, a stat(2) result.
 *
 * To avoid having the function's ABI vary depending on the width of time_t,
 * we declare the argument as pg_time_t, which is cast-compatible with
 * time_t but always 64 bits wide (unless the platform has no 64-bit type).
 * This detail should be invisible to callers, at least at source code level.
 */
TimestampTz
time_t_to_timestamptz(pg_time_t tm)
{
  TimestampTz result;

  result = (TimestampTz) tm -
    ((POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE - UNIX_EPOCH_JDATE) * SECS_PER_DAY);
  result *= USECS_PER_SEC;

  return result;
}

/*
 * Convert a TimestampTz to time_t.
 *
 * This too is just marginally useful, but some places need it.
 *
 * To avoid having the function's ABI vary depending on the width of time_t,
 * we declare the result as pg_time_t, which is cast-compatible with
 * time_t but always 64 bits wide (unless the platform has no 64-bit type).
 * This detail should be invisible to callers, at least at source code level.
 */
pg_time_t
timestamptz_to_time_t(TimestampTz t)
{
  pg_time_t result;

  result = (pg_time_t) (t / USECS_PER_SEC +
              ((POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE - UNIX_EPOCH_JDATE) * SECS_PER_DAY));

  return result;
}

/*
 * Produce a C-string representation of a TimestampTz.
 *
 * This is mostly for use in emitting messages.  The primary difference
 * from timestamptz_out is that we force the output format to ISO.  Note
 * also that the result is in a static buffer, not pstrdup'd.
 *
 * See also pg_strftime.
 */
const char *
timestamptz_to_str(TimestampTz t)
{
  static char buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
  int     tz;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;
  fsec_t    fsec;
  const char *tzn;

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(t))
    EncodeSpecialTimestamp(t, buf);
  else if (timestamp2tm(t, &tz, tm, &fsec, &tzn, NULL) == 0)
    EncodeDateTime(tm, fsec, true, tz, tzn, USE_ISO_DATES, buf);
  else
    strlcpy(buf, "(timestamp out of range)", sizeof(buf));

  return buf;
}


void
dt2time(Timestamp jd, int *hour, int *min, int *sec, fsec_t *fsec)
{
  TimeOffset  time;

  time = jd;

  *hour = time / USECS_PER_HOUR;
  time -= (*hour) * USECS_PER_HOUR;
  *min = time / USECS_PER_MINUTE;
  time -= (*min) * USECS_PER_MINUTE;
  *sec = time / USECS_PER_SEC;
  *fsec = time - (*sec * USECS_PER_SEC);
}                /* dt2time() */


/*
 * timestamp2tm() - Convert timestamp data type to POSIX time structure.
 *
 * Note that year is _not_ 1900-based, but is an explicit full value.
 * Also, month is one-based, _not_ zero-based.
 * Returns:
 *   0 on success
 *  -1 on out of range
 *
 * If attimezone is NULL, the global timezone setting will be used.
 */
int
timestamp2tm(Timestamp dt, int *tzp, struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec, const char **tzn, pg_tz *attimezone)
{
  Timestamp date;
  Timestamp time;
  pg_time_t utime;

  /* Use session timezone if caller asks for default */
  if (attimezone == NULL)
    attimezone = session_timezone;

  time = dt;
  TMODULO(time, date, USECS_PER_DAY);

  if (time < INT64CONST(0))
  {
    time += USECS_PER_DAY;
    date -= 1;
  }

  /* add offset to go from J2000 back to standard Julian date */
  date += POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE;

  /* Julian day routine does not work for negative Julian days */
  if (date < 0 || date > (Timestamp) INT_MAX)
    return -1;

  j2date((int) date, &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);
  dt2time(time, &tm->tm_hour, &tm->tm_min, &tm->tm_sec, fsec);

  /* Done if no TZ conversion wanted */
  if (tzp == NULL)
  {
    tm->tm_isdst = -1;
    tm->tm_gmtoff = 0;
    tm->tm_zone = NULL;
    if (tzn != NULL)
      *tzn = NULL;
    return 0;
  }

  /*
   * If the time falls within the range of pg_time_t, use pg_localtime() to
   * rotate to the local time zone.
   *
   * First, convert to an integral timestamp, avoiding possibly
   * platform-specific roundoff-in-wrong-direction errors, and adjust to
   * Unix epoch.  Then see if we can convert to pg_time_t without loss. This
   * coding avoids hardwiring any assumptions about the width of pg_time_t,
   * so it should behave sanely on machines without int64.
   */
  dt = (dt - *fsec) / USECS_PER_SEC +
    (POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE - UNIX_EPOCH_JDATE) * SECS_PER_DAY;
  utime = (pg_time_t) dt;
  if ((Timestamp) utime == dt)
  {
    struct pg_tm *tx = pg_localtime(&utime, attimezone);

    tm->tm_year = tx->tm_year + 1900;
    tm->tm_mon = tx->tm_mon + 1;
    tm->tm_mday = tx->tm_mday;
    tm->tm_hour = tx->tm_hour;
    tm->tm_min = tx->tm_min;
    tm->tm_sec = tx->tm_sec;
    tm->tm_isdst = tx->tm_isdst;
    tm->tm_gmtoff = tx->tm_gmtoff;
    tm->tm_zone = tx->tm_zone;
    *tzp = -tm->tm_gmtoff;
    if (tzn != NULL)
      *tzn = tm->tm_zone;
  }
  else
  {
    /*
     * When out of range of pg_time_t, treat as GMT
     */
    *tzp = 0;
    /* Mark this as *no* time zone available */
    tm->tm_isdst = -1;
    tm->tm_gmtoff = 0;
    tm->tm_zone = NULL;
    if (tzn != NULL)
      *tzn = NULL;
  }

  return 0;
}


/*
 * tm2timestamp()
 * Convert a tm structure to a timestamp data type.
 * Note that year is _not_ 1900-based, but is an explicit full value.
 * Also, month is one-based, _not_ zero-based.
 *
 * Returns -1 on failure (value out of range).
 */
int
tm2timestamp(struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t fsec, int *tzp, Timestamp *result)
{
  TimeOffset  date;
  TimeOffset  time;

  /* Prevent overflow in Julian-day routines */
  if (!IS_VALID_JULIAN(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday))
  {
    *result = 0;      /* keep compiler quiet */
    return -1;
  }

  date = date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday) - POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE;
  time = time2t(tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec, fsec);

  if (unlikely(pg_mul_s64_overflow(date, USECS_PER_DAY, result) ||
         pg_add_s64_overflow(*result, time, result)))
  {
    *result = 0;      /* keep compiler quiet */
    return -1;
  }
  if (tzp != NULL)
    *result = dt2local(*result, -(*tzp));

  /* final range check catches just-out-of-range timestamps */
  if (!IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(*result))
  {
    *result = 0;      /* keep compiler quiet */
    return -1;
  }

  return 0;
}


/*
 * interval2itm()
 * Convert an Interval to a pg_itm structure.
 * Note: overflow is not possible, because the pg_itm fields are
 * wide enough for all possible conversion results.
 */
void
interval2itm(Interval span, struct pg_itm *itm)
{
  TimeOffset  time;
  TimeOffset  tfrac;

  itm->tm_year = span.month / MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
  itm->tm_mon = span.month % MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
  itm->tm_mday = span.day;
  time = span.time;

  tfrac = time / USECS_PER_HOUR;
  time -= tfrac * USECS_PER_HOUR;
  itm->tm_hour = tfrac;
  tfrac = time / USECS_PER_MINUTE;
  time -= tfrac * USECS_PER_MINUTE;
  itm->tm_min = (int) tfrac;
  tfrac = time / USECS_PER_SEC;
  time -= tfrac * USECS_PER_SEC;
  itm->tm_sec = (int) tfrac;
  itm->tm_usec = (int) time;
}

/*
 * itm2interval()
 * Convert a pg_itm structure to an Interval.
 * Returns 0 if OK, -1 on overflow.
 *
 * This is for use in computations expected to produce finite results.  Any
 * inputs that lead to infinite results are treated as overflows.
 */
int
itm2interval(struct pg_itm *itm, Interval *span)
{
  int64   total_months = (int64) itm->tm_year * MONTHS_PER_YEAR + itm->tm_mon;

  if (total_months > INT_MAX || total_months < INT_MIN)
    return -1;
  span->month = (int32) total_months;
  span->day = itm->tm_mday;
  if (pg_mul_s64_overflow(itm->tm_hour, USECS_PER_HOUR,
              &span->time))
    return -1;
  /* tm_min, tm_sec are 32 bits, so intermediate products can't overflow */
  if (pg_add_s64_overflow(span->time, itm->tm_min * USECS_PER_MINUTE,
              &span->time))
    return -1;
  if (pg_add_s64_overflow(span->time, itm->tm_sec * USECS_PER_SEC,
              &span->time))
    return -1;
  if (pg_add_s64_overflow(span->time, itm->tm_usec,
              &span->time))
    return -1;
  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(span))
    return -1;
  return 0;
}

/*
 * itmin2interval()
 * Convert a pg_itm_in structure to an Interval.
 * Returns 0 if OK, -1 on overflow.
 *
 * Note: if the result is infinite, it is not treated as an overflow.  This
 * avoids any dump/reload hazards from pre-17 databases that do not support
 * infinite intervals, but do allow finite intervals with all fields set to
 * INT_MIN/INT_MAX (outside the documented range).  Such intervals will be
 * silently converted to +/-infinity.  This may not be ideal, but seems
 * preferable to failure, and ought to be pretty unlikely in practice.
 */
int
itmin2interval(struct pg_itm_in *itm_in, Interval *span)
{
  int64   total_months = (int64) itm_in->tm_year * MONTHS_PER_YEAR + itm_in->tm_mon;

  if (total_months > INT_MAX || total_months < INT_MIN)
    return -1;
  span->month = (int32) total_months;
  span->day = itm_in->tm_mday;
  span->time = itm_in->tm_usec;
  return 0;
}

static TimeOffset
time2t(const int hour, const int min, const int sec, const fsec_t fsec)
{
  return (((((hour * MINS_PER_HOUR) + min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE) + sec) * USECS_PER_SEC) + fsec;
}

static Timestamp
dt2local(Timestamp dt, int timezone)
{
  dt -= (timezone * USECS_PER_SEC);
  return dt;
}


/*****************************************************************************
 *   PUBLIC ROUTINES                             *
 *****************************************************************************/


Datum
timestamp_finite(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(!TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp));
}

Datum
interval_finite(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(!INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(interval));
}


/*----------------------------------------------------------
 *  Relational operators for timestamp.
 *---------------------------------------------------------*/

void
GetEpochTime(struct pg_tm *tm)
{
  struct pg_tm *t0;
  pg_time_t epoch = 0;

  t0 = pg_gmtime(&epoch);

  if (t0 == NULL)
    elog(ERROR, "could not convert epoch to timestamp: %m");

  tm->tm_year = t0->tm_year;
  tm->tm_mon = t0->tm_mon;
  tm->tm_mday = t0->tm_mday;
  tm->tm_hour = t0->tm_hour;
  tm->tm_min = t0->tm_min;
  tm->tm_sec = t0->tm_sec;

  tm->tm_year += 1900;
  tm->tm_mon++;
}

Timestamp
SetEpochTimestamp(void)
{
  Timestamp dt;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;

  GetEpochTime(tm);
  /* we don't bother to test for failure ... */
  tm2timestamp(tm, 0, NULL, &dt);

  return dt;
}                /* SetEpochTimestamp() */

/*
 * We are currently sharing some code between timestamp and timestamptz.
 * The comparison functions are among them. - thomas 2001-09-25
 *
 *    timestamp_relop - is timestamp1 relop timestamp2
 */
int
timestamp_cmp_internal(Timestamp dt1, Timestamp dt2)
{
  return (dt1 < dt2) ? -1 : ((dt1 > dt2) ? 1 : 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_eq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Timestamp dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) == 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_ne(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Timestamp dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) != 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_lt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Timestamp dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) < 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_gt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Timestamp dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) > 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_le(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Timestamp dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) <= 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_ge(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Timestamp dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) >= 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_cmp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Timestamp dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_INT32(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2));
}

Datum
timestamp_sortsupport(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  SortSupport ssup = (SortSupport) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

  ssup->comparator = ssup_datum_int64_cmp;
  PG_RETURN_VOID();
}

/* note: this is used for timestamptz also */
static Datum
timestamp_decrement(Relation rel, Datum existing, bool *underflow)
{
  Timestamp texisting = DatumGetTimestamp(existing);

  if (texisting == PG_INT64_MIN)
  {
    /* return value is undefined */
    *underflow = true;
    return (Datum) 0;
  }

  *underflow = false;
  return TimestampGetDatum(texisting - 1);
}

/* note: this is used for timestamptz also */
static Datum
timestamp_increment(Relation rel, Datum existing, bool *overflow)
{
  Timestamp texisting = DatumGetTimestamp(existing);

  if (texisting == PG_INT64_MAX)
  {
    /* return value is undefined */
    *overflow = true;
    return (Datum) 0;
  }

  *overflow = false;
  return TimestampGetDatum(texisting + 1);
}

Datum
timestamp_skipsupport(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  SkipSupport sksup = (SkipSupport) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

  sksup->decrement = timestamp_decrement;
  sksup->increment = timestamp_increment;
  sksup->low_elem = TimestampGetDatum(PG_INT64_MIN);
  sksup->high_elem = TimestampGetDatum(PG_INT64_MAX);

  PG_RETURN_VOID();
}

Datum
timestamp_hash(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return hashint8(fcinfo);
}

Datum
timestamp_hash_extended(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return hashint8extended(fcinfo);
}

Datum
timestamptz_hash(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return hashint8(fcinfo);
}

Datum
timestamptz_hash_extended(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return hashint8extended(fcinfo);
}

/*
 * Cross-type comparison functions for timestamp vs timestamptz
 */

int32
timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(Timestamp timestampVal, TimestampTz dt2)
{
  TimestampTz dt1;
  ErrorSaveContext escontext = {T_ErrorSaveContext};

  dt1 = timestamp2timestamptz_safe(timestampVal, (Node *) &escontext);
  if (escontext.error_occurred)
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt1))
    {
      /* dt1 is larger than any finite timestamp, but less than infinity */
      return TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt2) ? -1 : +1;
    }
    if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt1))
    {
      /* dt1 is less than any finite timestamp, but more than -infinity */
      return TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt2) ? +1 : -1;
    }
  }

  return timestamptz_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2);
}

Datum
timestamp_eq_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt2) == 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_ne_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt2) != 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_lt_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt2) < 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_gt_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt2) > 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_le_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt2) <= 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_ge_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt2) >= 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_cmp_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);

  PG_RETURN_INT32(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt2));
}

Datum
timestamptz_eq_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt1) == 0);
}

Datum
timestamptz_ne_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt1) != 0);
}

Datum
timestamptz_lt_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt1) > 0);
}

Datum
timestamptz_gt_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt1) < 0);
}

Datum
timestamptz_le_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt1) >= 0);
}

Datum
timestamptz_ge_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt1) <= 0);
}

Datum
timestamptz_cmp_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  Timestamp timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

  PG_RETURN_INT32(-timestamp_cmp_timestamptz_internal(timestampVal, dt1));
}


/*
 *    interval_relop  - is interval1 relop interval2
 *
 * Interval comparison is based on converting interval values to a linear
 * representation expressed in the units of the time field (microseconds,
 * in the case of integer timestamps) with days assumed to be always 24 hours
 * and months assumed to be always 30 days.  To avoid overflow, we need a
 * wider-than-int64 datatype for the linear representation, so use INT128.
 */

static inline INT128
interval_cmp_value(const Interval *interval)
{
  INT128    span;
  int64   days;

  /*
   * Combine the month and day fields into an integral number of days.
   * Because the inputs are int32, int64 arithmetic suffices here.
   */
  days = interval->month * INT64CONST(30);
  days += interval->day;

  /* Widen time field to 128 bits */
  span = int64_to_int128(interval->time);

  /* Scale up days to microseconds, forming a 128-bit product */
  int128_add_int64_mul_int64(&span, days, USECS_PER_DAY);

  return span;
}

static int
interval_cmp_internal(const Interval *interval1, const Interval *interval2)
{
  INT128    span1 = interval_cmp_value(interval1);
  INT128    span2 = interval_cmp_value(interval2);

  return int128_compare(span1, span2);
}

static int
interval_sign(const Interval *interval)
{
  INT128    span = interval_cmp_value(interval);
  INT128    zero = int64_to_int128(0);

  return int128_compare(span, zero);
}

Datum
interval_eq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) == 0);
}

Datum
interval_ne(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) != 0);
}

Datum
interval_lt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) < 0);
}

Datum
interval_gt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) > 0);
}

Datum
interval_le(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) <= 0);
}

Datum
interval_ge(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

  PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) >= 0);
}

Datum
interval_cmp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

  PG_RETURN_INT32(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2));
}

/*
 * Hashing for intervals
 *
 * We must produce equal hashvals for values that interval_cmp_internal()
 * considers equal.  So, compute the net span the same way it does,
 * and then hash that.
 */
Datum
interval_hash(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  INT128    span = interval_cmp_value(interval);
  int64   span64;

  /*
   * Use only the least significant 64 bits for hashing.  The upper 64 bits
   * seldom add any useful information, and besides we must do it like this
   * for compatibility with hashes calculated before use of INT128 was
   * introduced.
   */
  span64 = int128_to_int64(span);

  return DirectFunctionCall1(hashint8, Int64GetDatumFast(span64));
}

Datum
interval_hash_extended(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  INT128    span = interval_cmp_value(interval);
  int64   span64;

  /* Same approach as interval_hash */
  span64 = int128_to_int64(span);

  return DirectFunctionCall2(hashint8extended, Int64GetDatumFast(span64),
                 PG_GETARG_DATUM(1));
}

/*
 * overlaps_timestamp() --- implements the SQL OVERLAPS operator.
 *
 * Algorithm is per SQL spec.  This is much harder than you'd think
 * because the spec requires us to deliver a non-null answer in some cases
 * where some of the inputs are null.
 */
Datum
overlaps_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  /*
   * The arguments are Timestamps, but we leave them as generic Datums to
   * avoid unnecessary conversions between value and reference forms --- not
   * to mention possible dereferences of null pointers.
   */
  Datum   ts1 = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
  Datum   te1 = PG_GETARG_DATUM(1);
  Datum   ts2 = PG_GETARG_DATUM(2);
  Datum   te2 = PG_GETARG_DATUM(3);
  bool    ts1IsNull = PG_ARGISNULL(0);
  bool    te1IsNull = PG_ARGISNULL(1);
  bool    ts2IsNull = PG_ARGISNULL(2);
  bool    te2IsNull = PG_ARGISNULL(3);

#define TIMESTAMP_GT(t1,t2) \
  DatumGetBool(DirectFunctionCall2(timestamp_gt,t1,t2))
#define TIMESTAMP_LT(t1,t2) \
  DatumGetBool(DirectFunctionCall2(timestamp_lt,t1,t2))

  /*
   * If both endpoints of interval 1 are null, the result is null (unknown).
   * If just one endpoint is null, take ts1 as the non-null one. Otherwise,
   * take ts1 as the lesser endpoint.
   */
  if (ts1IsNull)
  {
    if (te1IsNull)
      PG_RETURN_NULL();
    /* swap null for non-null */
    ts1 = te1;
    te1IsNull = true;
  }
  else if (!te1IsNull)
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_GT(ts1, te1))
    {
      Datum   tt = ts1;

      ts1 = te1;
      te1 = tt;
    }
  }

  /* Likewise for interval 2. */
  if (ts2IsNull)
  {
    if (te2IsNull)
      PG_RETURN_NULL();
    /* swap null for non-null */
    ts2 = te2;
    te2IsNull = true;
  }
  else if (!te2IsNull)
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_GT(ts2, te2))
    {
      Datum   tt = ts2;

      ts2 = te2;
      te2 = tt;
    }
  }

  /*
   * At this point neither ts1 nor ts2 is null, so we can consider three
   * cases: ts1 > ts2, ts1 < ts2, ts1 = ts2
   */
  if (TIMESTAMP_GT(ts1, ts2))
  {
    /*
     * This case is ts1 < te2 OR te1 < te2, which may look redundant but
     * in the presence of nulls it's not quite completely so.
     */
    if (te2IsNull)
      PG_RETURN_NULL();
    if (TIMESTAMP_LT(ts1, te2))
      PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
    if (te1IsNull)
      PG_RETURN_NULL();

    /*
     * If te1 is not null then we had ts1 <= te1 above, and we just found
     * ts1 >= te2, hence te1 >= te2.
     */
    PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
  }
  else if (TIMESTAMP_LT(ts1, ts2))
  {
    /* This case is ts2 < te1 OR te2 < te1 */
    if (te1IsNull)
      PG_RETURN_NULL();
    if (TIMESTAMP_LT(ts2, te1))
      PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
    if (te2IsNull)
      PG_RETURN_NULL();

    /*
     * If te2 is not null then we had ts2 <= te2 above, and we just found
     * ts2 >= te1, hence te2 >= te1.
     */
    PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
  }
  else
  {
    /*
     * For ts1 = ts2 the spec says te1 <> te2 OR te1 = te2, which is a
     * rather silly way of saying "true if both are non-null, else null".
     */
    if (te1IsNull || te2IsNull)
      PG_RETURN_NULL();
    PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
  }

#undef TIMESTAMP_GT
#undef TIMESTAMP_LT
}


/*----------------------------------------------------------
 *  "Arithmetic" operators on date/times.
 *---------------------------------------------------------*/

Datum
timestamp_smaller(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Timestamp dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
  Timestamp result;

  /* use timestamp_cmp_internal to be sure this agrees with comparisons */
  if (timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) < 0)
    result = dt1;
  else
    result = dt2;
  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

Datum
timestamp_larger(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Timestamp dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
  Timestamp result;

  if (timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) > 0)
    result = dt1;
  else
    result = dt2;
  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}


Datum
timestamp_mi(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Timestamp dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
  Interval   *result;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);

  /*
   * Handle infinities.
   *
   * We treat anything that amounts to "infinity - infinity" as an error,
   * since the interval type has nothing equivalent to NaN.
   */
  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(dt1) || TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(dt2))
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt1))
    {
      if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt2))
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("interval out of range")));
      else
        INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);
    }
    else if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt1))
    {
      if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt2))
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("interval out of range")));
      else
        INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
    }
    else if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt2))
      INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
    else          /* TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt2) */
      INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);

    PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
  }

  if (unlikely(pg_sub_s64_overflow(dt1, dt2, &result->time)))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("interval out of range")));

  result->month = 0;
  result->day = 0;

  /*----------
   *  This is wrong, but removing it breaks a lot of regression tests.
   *  For example:
   *
   *  test=> SET timezone = 'EST5EDT';
   *  test=> SELECT
   *  test-> ('2005-10-30 13:22:00-05'::timestamptz -
   *  test(>  '2005-10-29 13:22:00-04'::timestamptz);
   *  ?column?
   *  ----------------
   *   1 day 01:00:00
   *   (1 row)
   *
   *  so adding that to the first timestamp gets:
   *
   *   test=> SELECT
   *   test-> ('2005-10-29 13:22:00-04'::timestamptz +
   *   test(> ('2005-10-30 13:22:00-05'::timestamptz -
   *   test(>  '2005-10-29 13:22:00-04'::timestamptz)) at time zone 'EST';
   *    timezone
   *  --------------------
   *  2005-10-30 14:22:00
   *  (1 row)
   *----------
   */
  result = DatumGetIntervalP(DirectFunctionCall1(interval_justify_hours,
                           IntervalPGetDatum(result)));

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 *  interval_justify_interval()
 *
 *  Adjust interval so 'month', 'day', and 'time' portions are within
 *  customary bounds.  Specifically:
 *
 *    0 <= abs(time) < 24 hours
 *    0 <= abs(day)  < 30 days
 *
 *  Also, the sign bit on all three fields is made equal, so either
 *  all three fields are negative or all are positive.
 */
Datum
interval_justify_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *result;
  TimeOffset  wholeday;
  int32   wholemonth;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);
  result->month = span->month;
  result->day = span->day;
  result->time = span->time;

  /* do nothing for infinite intervals */
  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(result))
    PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);

  /* pre-justify days if it might prevent overflow */
  if ((result->day > 0 && result->time > 0) ||
    (result->day < 0 && result->time < 0))
  {
    wholemonth = result->day / DAYS_PER_MONTH;
    result->day -= wholemonth * DAYS_PER_MONTH;
    if (pg_add_s32_overflow(result->month, wholemonth, &result->month))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
  }

  /*
   * Since TimeOffset is int64, abs(wholeday) can't exceed about 1.07e8.  If
   * we pre-justified then abs(result->day) is less than DAYS_PER_MONTH, so
   * this addition can't overflow.  If we didn't pre-justify, then day and
   * time are of different signs, so it still can't overflow.
   */
  TMODULO(result->time, wholeday, USECS_PER_DAY);
  result->day += wholeday;

  wholemonth = result->day / DAYS_PER_MONTH;
  result->day -= wholemonth * DAYS_PER_MONTH;
  if (pg_add_s32_overflow(result->month, wholemonth, &result->month))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("interval out of range")));

  if (result->month > 0 &&
    (result->day < 0 || (result->day == 0 && result->time < 0)))
  {
    result->day += DAYS_PER_MONTH;
    result->month--;
  }
  else if (result->month < 0 &&
       (result->day > 0 || (result->day == 0 && result->time > 0)))
  {
    result->day -= DAYS_PER_MONTH;
    result->month++;
  }

  if (result->day > 0 && result->time < 0)
  {
    result->time += USECS_PER_DAY;
    result->day--;
  }
  else if (result->day < 0 && result->time > 0)
  {
    result->time -= USECS_PER_DAY;
    result->day++;
  }

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 *  interval_justify_hours()
 *
 *  Adjust interval so 'time' contains less than a whole day, adding
 *  the excess to 'day'.  This is useful for
 *  situations (such as non-TZ) where '1 day' = '24 hours' is valid,
 *  e.g. interval subtraction and division.
 */
Datum
interval_justify_hours(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *result;
  TimeOffset  wholeday;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);
  result->month = span->month;
  result->day = span->day;
  result->time = span->time;

  /* do nothing for infinite intervals */
  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(result))
    PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);

  TMODULO(result->time, wholeday, USECS_PER_DAY);
  if (pg_add_s32_overflow(result->day, wholeday, &result->day))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("interval out of range")));

  if (result->day > 0 && result->time < 0)
  {
    result->time += USECS_PER_DAY;
    result->day--;
  }
  else if (result->day < 0 && result->time > 0)
  {
    result->time -= USECS_PER_DAY;
    result->day++;
  }

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 *  interval_justify_days()
 *
 *  Adjust interval so 'day' contains less than 30 days, adding
 *  the excess to 'month'.
 */
Datum
interval_justify_days(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *result;
  int32   wholemonth;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);
  result->month = span->month;
  result->day = span->day;
  result->time = span->time;

  /* do nothing for infinite intervals */
  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(result))
    PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);

  wholemonth = result->day / DAYS_PER_MONTH;
  result->day -= wholemonth * DAYS_PER_MONTH;
  if (pg_add_s32_overflow(result->month, wholemonth, &result->month))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("interval out of range")));

  if (result->month > 0 && result->day < 0)
  {
    result->day += DAYS_PER_MONTH;
    result->month--;
  }
  else if (result->month < 0 && result->day > 0)
  {
    result->day -= DAYS_PER_MONTH;
    result->month++;
  }

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 * timestamp_pl_interval()
 * Add an interval to a timestamp data type.
 * Note that interval has provisions for qualitative year/month and day
 *  units, so try to do the right thing with them.
 * To add a month, increment the month, and use the same day of month.
 * Then, if the next month has fewer days, set the day of month
 *  to the last day of month.
 * To add a day, increment the mday, and use the same time of day.
 * Lastly, add in the "quantitative time".
 */
Datum
timestamp_pl_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
  Timestamp result;

  /*
   * Handle infinities.
   *
   * We treat anything that amounts to "infinity - infinity" as an error,
   * since the timestamp type has nothing equivalent to NaN.
   */
  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(span))
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(timestamp))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    else
      TIMESTAMP_NOBEGIN(result);
  }
  else if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(span))
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(timestamp))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    else
      TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
  }
  else if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    result = timestamp;
  else
  {
    if (span->month != 0)
    {
      struct pg_tm tt,
             *tm = &tt;
      fsec_t    fsec;

      if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

      if (pg_add_s32_overflow(tm->tm_mon, span->month, &tm->tm_mon))
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
      if (tm->tm_mon > MONTHS_PER_YEAR)
      {
        tm->tm_year += (tm->tm_mon - 1) / MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
        tm->tm_mon = ((tm->tm_mon - 1) % MONTHS_PER_YEAR) + 1;
      }
      else if (tm->tm_mon < 1)
      {
        tm->tm_year += tm->tm_mon / MONTHS_PER_YEAR - 1;
        tm->tm_mon = tm->tm_mon % MONTHS_PER_YEAR + MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
      }

      /* adjust for end of month boundary problems... */
      if (tm->tm_mday > day_tab[isleap(tm->tm_year)][tm->tm_mon - 1])
        tm->tm_mday = (day_tab[isleap(tm->tm_year)][tm->tm_mon - 1]);

      if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, NULL, &timestamp) != 0)
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    }

    if (span->day != 0)
    {
      struct pg_tm tt,
             *tm = &tt;
      fsec_t    fsec;
      int     julian;

      if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

      /*
       * Add days by converting to and from Julian.  We need an overflow
       * check here since j2date expects a non-negative integer input.
       */
      julian = date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);
      if (pg_add_s32_overflow(julian, span->day, &julian) ||
        julian < 0)
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
      j2date(julian, &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);

      if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, NULL, &timestamp) != 0)
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    }

    if (pg_add_s64_overflow(timestamp, span->time, &timestamp))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

    if (!IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(timestamp))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

    result = timestamp;
  }

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

Datum
timestamp_mi_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
  Interval  tspan;

  interval_um_internal(span, &tspan);

  return DirectFunctionCall2(timestamp_pl_interval,
                 TimestampGetDatum(timestamp),
                 PointerGetDatum(&tspan));
}


/*
 * timestamptz_pl_interval_internal()
 * Add an interval to a timestamptz, in the given (or session) timezone.
 *
 * Note that interval has provisions for qualitative year/month and day
 *  units, so try to do the right thing with them.
 * To add a month, increment the month, and use the same day of month.
 * Then, if the next month has fewer days, set the day of month
 *  to the last day of month.
 * To add a day, increment the mday, and use the same time of day.
 * Lastly, add in the "quantitative time".
 */
static TimestampTz
timestamptz_pl_interval_internal(TimestampTz timestamp,
                 Interval *span,
                 pg_tz *attimezone)
{
  TimestampTz result;
  int     tz;

  /*
   * Handle infinities.
   *
   * We treat anything that amounts to "infinity - infinity" as an error,
   * since the timestamptz type has nothing equivalent to NaN.
   */
  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(span))
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(timestamp))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    else
      TIMESTAMP_NOBEGIN(result);
  }
  else if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(span))
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(timestamp))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    else
      TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
  }
  else if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    result = timestamp;
  else
  {
    /* Use session timezone if caller asks for default */
    if (attimezone == NULL)
      attimezone = session_timezone;

    if (span->month != 0)
    {
      struct pg_tm tt,
             *tm = &tt;
      fsec_t    fsec;

      if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, NULL, attimezone) != 0)
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

      if (pg_add_s32_overflow(tm->tm_mon, span->month, &tm->tm_mon))
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
      if (tm->tm_mon > MONTHS_PER_YEAR)
      {
        tm->tm_year += (tm->tm_mon - 1) / MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
        tm->tm_mon = ((tm->tm_mon - 1) % MONTHS_PER_YEAR) + 1;
      }
      else if (tm->tm_mon < 1)
      {
        tm->tm_year += tm->tm_mon / MONTHS_PER_YEAR - 1;
        tm->tm_mon = tm->tm_mon % MONTHS_PER_YEAR + MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
      }

      /* adjust for end of month boundary problems... */
      if (tm->tm_mday > day_tab[isleap(tm->tm_year)][tm->tm_mon - 1])
        tm->tm_mday = (day_tab[isleap(tm->tm_year)][tm->tm_mon - 1]);

      tz = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, attimezone);

      if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, &tz, &timestamp) != 0)
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    }

    if (span->day != 0)
    {
      struct pg_tm tt,
             *tm = &tt;
      fsec_t    fsec;
      int     julian;

      if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, NULL, attimezone) != 0)
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

      /*
       * Add days by converting to and from Julian.  We need an overflow
       * check here since j2date expects a non-negative integer input.
       * In practice though, it will give correct answers for small
       * negative Julian dates; we should allow -1 to avoid
       * timezone-dependent failures, as discussed in timestamp.h.
       */
      julian = date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);
      if (pg_add_s32_overflow(julian, span->day, &julian) ||
        julian < -1)
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
      j2date(julian, &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);

      tz = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, attimezone);

      if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, &tz, &timestamp) != 0)
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    }

    if (pg_add_s64_overflow(timestamp, span->time, &timestamp))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

    if (!IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(timestamp))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

    result = timestamp;
  }

  return result;
}

/*
 * timestamptz_mi_interval_internal()
 * As above, but subtract the interval.
 */
static TimestampTz
timestamptz_mi_interval_internal(TimestampTz timestamp,
                 Interval *span,
                 pg_tz *attimezone)
{
  Interval  tspan;

  interval_um_internal(span, &tspan);

  return timestamptz_pl_interval_internal(timestamp, &tspan, attimezone);
}

/*
 * timestamptz_pl_interval()
 * Add an interval to a timestamptz, in the session timezone.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_pl_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamptz_pl_interval_internal(timestamp, span, NULL));
}

Datum
timestamptz_mi_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamptz_mi_interval_internal(timestamp, span, NULL));
}

/*
 * timestamptz_pl_interval_at_zone()
 * Add an interval to a timestamptz, in the specified timezone.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_pl_interval_at_zone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
  text     *zone = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(2);
  pg_tz    *attimezone = lookup_timezone(zone);

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamptz_pl_interval_internal(timestamp, span, attimezone));
}

Datum
timestamptz_mi_interval_at_zone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
  text     *zone = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(2);
  pg_tz    *attimezone = lookup_timezone(zone);

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamptz_mi_interval_internal(timestamp, span, attimezone));
}

/*
 * interval_um_internal()
 * Negate an interval.
 */
static void
interval_um_internal(const Interval *interval, Interval *result)
{
  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(interval))
    INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
  else if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(interval))
    INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);
  else
  {
    /* Negate each field, guarding against overflow */
    if (pg_sub_s64_overflow(INT64CONST(0), interval->time, &result->time) ||
      pg_sub_s32_overflow(0, interval->day, &result->day) ||
      pg_sub_s32_overflow(0, interval->month, &result->month) ||
      INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(result))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
  }
}

Datum
interval_um(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *result;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);
  interval_um_internal(interval, result);

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}


Datum
interval_smaller(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
  Interval   *result;

  /* use interval_cmp_internal to be sure this agrees with comparisons */
  if (interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) < 0)
    result = interval1;
  else
    result = interval2;
  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

Datum
interval_larger(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
  Interval   *result;

  if (interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) > 0)
    result = interval1;
  else
    result = interval2;
  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

static void
finite_interval_pl(const Interval *span1, const Interval *span2, Interval *result)
{
  Assert(!INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(span1));
  Assert(!INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(span2));

  if (pg_add_s32_overflow(span1->month, span2->month, &result->month) ||
    pg_add_s32_overflow(span1->day, span2->day, &result->day) ||
    pg_add_s64_overflow(span1->time, span2->time, &result->time) ||
    INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(result))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("interval out of range")));
}

Datum
interval_pl(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *span1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *span2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
  Interval   *result;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);

  /*
   * Handle infinities.
   *
   * We treat anything that amounts to "infinity - infinity" as an error,
   * since the interval type has nothing equivalent to NaN.
   */
  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(span1))
  {
    if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(span2))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
    else
      INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);
  }
  else if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(span1))
  {
    if (INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(span2))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
    else
      INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
  }
  else if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(span2))
    memcpy(result, span2, sizeof(Interval));
  else
    finite_interval_pl(span1, span2, result);

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

static void
finite_interval_mi(const Interval *span1, const Interval *span2, Interval *result)
{
  Assert(!INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(span1));
  Assert(!INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(span2));

  if (pg_sub_s32_overflow(span1->month, span2->month, &result->month) ||
    pg_sub_s32_overflow(span1->day, span2->day, &result->day) ||
    pg_sub_s64_overflow(span1->time, span2->time, &result->time) ||
    INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(result))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("interval out of range")));
}

Datum
interval_mi(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *span1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *span2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
  Interval   *result;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);

  /*
   * Handle infinities.
   *
   * We treat anything that amounts to "infinity - infinity" as an error,
   * since the interval type has nothing equivalent to NaN.
   */
  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(span1))
  {
    if (INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(span2))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
    else
      INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);
  }
  else if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(span1))
  {
    if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(span2))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
    else
      INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
  }
  else if (INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(span2))
    INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
  else if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(span2))
    INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);
  else
    finite_interval_mi(span1, span2, result);

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 *  There is no interval_abs():  it is unclear what value to return:
 *    http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-general/2009-10/msg01031.php
 *    http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-general/2009-11/msg00041.php
 */

Datum
interval_mul(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  float8    factor = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(1);
  double    month_remainder_days,
        sec_remainder,
        result_double;
  int32   orig_month = span->month,
        orig_day = span->day;
  Interval   *result;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);

  /*
   * Handle NaN and infinities.
   *
   * We treat "0 * infinity" and "infinity * 0" as errors, since the
   * interval type has nothing equivalent to NaN.
   */
  if (isnan(factor))
    goto out_of_range;

  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(span))
  {
    if (factor == 0.0)
      goto out_of_range;

    if (factor < 0.0)
      interval_um_internal(span, result);
    else
      memcpy(result, span, sizeof(Interval));

    PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
  }
  if (isinf(factor))
  {
    int     isign = interval_sign(span);

    if (isign == 0)
      goto out_of_range;

    if (factor * isign < 0)
      INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);
    else
      INTERVAL_NOEND(result);

    PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
  }

  result_double = span->month * factor;
  if (isnan(result_double) || !FLOAT8_FITS_IN_INT32(result_double))
    goto out_of_range;
  result->month = (int32) result_double;

  result_double = span->day * factor;
  if (isnan(result_double) || !FLOAT8_FITS_IN_INT32(result_double))
    goto out_of_range;
  result->day = (int32) result_double;

  /*
   * The above correctly handles the whole-number part of the month and day
   * products, but we have to do something with any fractional part
   * resulting when the factor is non-integral.  We cascade the fractions
   * down to lower units using the conversion factors DAYS_PER_MONTH and
   * SECS_PER_DAY.  Note we do NOT cascade up, since we are not forced to do
   * so by the representation.  The user can choose to cascade up later,
   * using justify_hours and/or justify_days.
   */

  /*
   * Fractional months full days into days.
   *
   * Floating point calculation are inherently imprecise, so these
   * calculations are crafted to produce the most reliable result possible.
   * TSROUND() is needed to more accurately produce whole numbers where
   * appropriate.
   */
  month_remainder_days = (orig_month * factor - result->month) * DAYS_PER_MONTH;
  month_remainder_days = TSROUND(month_remainder_days);
  sec_remainder = (orig_day * factor - result->day +
           month_remainder_days - (int) month_remainder_days) * SECS_PER_DAY;
  sec_remainder = TSROUND(sec_remainder);

  /*
   * Might have 24:00:00 hours due to rounding, or >24 hours because of time
   * cascade from months and days.  It might still be >24 if the combination
   * of cascade and the seconds factor operation itself.
   */
  if (fabs(sec_remainder) >= SECS_PER_DAY)
  {
    if (pg_add_s32_overflow(result->day,
                (int) (sec_remainder / SECS_PER_DAY),
                &result->day))
      goto out_of_range;
    sec_remainder -= (int) (sec_remainder / SECS_PER_DAY) * SECS_PER_DAY;
  }

  /* cascade units down */
  if (pg_add_s32_overflow(result->day, (int32) month_remainder_days,
              &result->day))
    goto out_of_range;
  result_double = rint(span->time * factor + sec_remainder * USECS_PER_SEC);
  if (isnan(result_double) || !FLOAT8_FITS_IN_INT64(result_double))
    goto out_of_range;
  result->time = (int64) result_double;

  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(result))
    goto out_of_range;

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);

out_of_range:
  ereport(ERROR,
      errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
      errmsg("interval out of range"));

  PG_RETURN_NULL();     /* keep compiler quiet */
}

Datum
mul_d_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  /* Args are float8 and Interval *, but leave them as generic Datum */
  Datum   factor = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
  Datum   span = PG_GETARG_DATUM(1);

  return DirectFunctionCall2(interval_mul, span, factor);
}

Datum
interval_div(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  float8    factor = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(1);
  double    month_remainder_days,
        sec_remainder,
        result_double;
  int32   orig_month = span->month,
        orig_day = span->day;
  Interval   *result;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);

  if (factor == 0.0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DIVISION_BY_ZERO),
         errmsg("division by zero")));

  /*
   * Handle NaN and infinities.
   *
   * We treat "infinity / infinity" as an error, since the interval type has
   * nothing equivalent to NaN.  Otherwise, dividing by infinity is handled
   * by the regular division code, causing all fields to be set to zero.
   */
  if (isnan(factor))
    goto out_of_range;

  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(span))
  {
    if (isinf(factor))
      goto out_of_range;

    if (factor < 0.0)
      interval_um_internal(span, result);
    else
      memcpy(result, span, sizeof(Interval));

    PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
  }

  result_double = span->month / factor;
  if (isnan(result_double) || !FLOAT8_FITS_IN_INT32(result_double))
    goto out_of_range;
  result->month = (int32) result_double;

  result_double = span->day / factor;
  if (isnan(result_double) || !FLOAT8_FITS_IN_INT32(result_double))
    goto out_of_range;
  result->day = (int32) result_double;

  /*
   * Fractional months full days into days.  See comment in interval_mul().
   */
  month_remainder_days = (orig_month / factor - result->month) * DAYS_PER_MONTH;
  month_remainder_days = TSROUND(month_remainder_days);
  sec_remainder = (orig_day / factor - result->day +
           month_remainder_days - (int) month_remainder_days) * SECS_PER_DAY;
  sec_remainder = TSROUND(sec_remainder);
  if (fabs(sec_remainder) >= SECS_PER_DAY)
  {
    if (pg_add_s32_overflow(result->day,
                (int) (sec_remainder / SECS_PER_DAY),
                &result->day))
      goto out_of_range;
    sec_remainder -= (int) (sec_remainder / SECS_PER_DAY) * SECS_PER_DAY;
  }

  /* cascade units down */
  if (pg_add_s32_overflow(result->day, (int32) month_remainder_days,
              &result->day))
    goto out_of_range;
  result_double = rint(span->time / factor + sec_remainder * USECS_PER_SEC);
  if (isnan(result_double) || !FLOAT8_FITS_IN_INT64(result_double))
    goto out_of_range;
  result->time = (int64) result_double;

  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(result))
    goto out_of_range;

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);

out_of_range:
  ereport(ERROR,
      errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
      errmsg("interval out of range"));

  PG_RETURN_NULL();     /* keep compiler quiet */
}


/*
 * in_range support functions for timestamps and intervals.
 *
 * Per SQL spec, we support these with interval as the offset type.
 * The spec's restriction that the offset not be negative is a bit hard to
 * decipher for intervals, but we choose to interpret it the same as our
 * interval comparison operators would.
 */

Datum
in_range_timestamptz_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz val = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  TimestampTz base = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
  Interval   *offset = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(2);
  bool    sub = PG_GETARG_BOOL(3);
  bool    less = PG_GETARG_BOOL(4);
  TimestampTz sum;

  if (interval_sign(offset) < 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PRECEDING_OR_FOLLOWING_SIZE),
         errmsg("invalid preceding or following size in window function")));

  /*
   * Deal with cases where both base and offset are infinite, and computing
   * base +/- offset would cause an error.  As for float and numeric types,
   * we assume that all values infinitely precede +infinity and infinitely
   * follow -infinity.  See in_range_float8_float8() for reasoning.
   */
  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(offset) &&
    (sub ? TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(base) : TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(base)))
    PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);

  /* We don't currently bother to avoid overflow hazards here */
  if (sub)
    sum = timestamptz_mi_interval_internal(base, offset, NULL);
  else
    sum = timestamptz_pl_interval_internal(base, offset, NULL);

  if (less)
    PG_RETURN_BOOL(val <= sum);
  else
    PG_RETURN_BOOL(val >= sum);
}

Datum
in_range_timestamp_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp val = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Timestamp base = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
  Interval   *offset = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(2);
  bool    sub = PG_GETARG_BOOL(3);
  bool    less = PG_GETARG_BOOL(4);
  Timestamp sum;

  if (interval_sign(offset) < 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PRECEDING_OR_FOLLOWING_SIZE),
         errmsg("invalid preceding or following size in window function")));

  /*
   * Deal with cases where both base and offset are infinite, and computing
   * base +/- offset would cause an error.  As for float and numeric types,
   * we assume that all values infinitely precede +infinity and infinitely
   * follow -infinity.  See in_range_float8_float8() for reasoning.
   */
  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(offset) &&
    (sub ? TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(base) : TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(base)))
    PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);

  /* We don't currently bother to avoid overflow hazards here */
  if (sub)
    sum = DatumGetTimestamp(DirectFunctionCall2(timestamp_mi_interval,
                          TimestampGetDatum(base),
                          IntervalPGetDatum(offset)));
  else
    sum = DatumGetTimestamp(DirectFunctionCall2(timestamp_pl_interval,
                          TimestampGetDatum(base),
                          IntervalPGetDatum(offset)));

  if (less)
    PG_RETURN_BOOL(val <= sum);
  else
    PG_RETURN_BOOL(val >= sum);
}

Datum
in_range_interval_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *val = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Interval   *base = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
  Interval   *offset = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(2);
  bool    sub = PG_GETARG_BOOL(3);
  bool    less = PG_GETARG_BOOL(4);
  Interval   *sum;

  if (interval_sign(offset) < 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PRECEDING_OR_FOLLOWING_SIZE),
         errmsg("invalid preceding or following size in window function")));

  /*
   * Deal with cases where both base and offset are infinite, and computing
   * base +/- offset would cause an error.  As for float and numeric types,
   * we assume that all values infinitely precede +infinity and infinitely
   * follow -infinity.  See in_range_float8_float8() for reasoning.
   */
  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(offset) &&
    (sub ? INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(base) : INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(base)))
    PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);

  /* We don't currently bother to avoid overflow hazards here */
  if (sub)
    sum = DatumGetIntervalP(DirectFunctionCall2(interval_mi,
                          IntervalPGetDatum(base),
                          IntervalPGetDatum(offset)));
  else
    sum = DatumGetIntervalP(DirectFunctionCall2(interval_pl,
                          IntervalPGetDatum(base),
                          IntervalPGetDatum(offset)));

  if (less)
    PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(val, sum) <= 0);
  else
    PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(val, sum) >= 0);
}


/*
 * Prepare state data for an interval aggregate function, that needs to compute
 * sum and count, in the aggregate's memory context.
 *
 * The function is used when the state data needs to be allocated in aggregate's
 * context. When the state data needs to be allocated in the current memory
 * context, we use palloc0 directly e.g. interval_avg_deserialize().
 */
static IntervalAggState *
makeIntervalAggState(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
{
  IntervalAggState *state;
  MemoryContext agg_context;
  MemoryContext old_context;

  if (!AggCheckCallContext(fcinfo, &agg_context))
    elog(ERROR, "aggregate function called in non-aggregate context");

  old_context = MemoryContextSwitchTo(agg_context);

  state = palloc0_object(IntervalAggState);

  MemoryContextSwitchTo(old_context);

  return state;
}

/*
 * Accumulate a new input value for interval aggregate functions.
 */
static void
do_interval_accum(IntervalAggState *state, Interval *newval)
{
  /* Infinite inputs are counted separately, and do not affect "N" */
  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(newval))
  {
    state->nInfcount++;
    return;
  }

  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(newval))
  {
    state->pInfcount++;
    return;
  }

  finite_interval_pl(&state->sumX, newval, &state->sumX);
  state->N++;
}

/*
 * Remove the given interval value from the aggregated state.
 */
static void
do_interval_discard(IntervalAggState *state, Interval *newval)
{
  /* Infinite inputs are counted separately, and do not affect "N" */
  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(newval))
  {
    state->nInfcount--;
    return;
  }

  if (INTERVAL_IS_NOEND(newval))
  {
    state->pInfcount--;
    return;
  }

  /* Handle the to-be-discarded finite value. */
  state->N--;
  if (state->N > 0)
    finite_interval_mi(&state->sumX, newval, &state->sumX);
  else
  {
    /* All values discarded, reset the state */
    Assert(state->N == 0);
    memset(&state->sumX, 0, sizeof(state->sumX));
  }
}

/*
 * Transition function for sum() and avg() interval aggregates.
 */
Datum
interval_avg_accum(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  IntervalAggState *state;

  state = PG_ARGISNULL(0) ? NULL : (IntervalAggState *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

  /* Create the state data on the first call */
  if (state == NULL)
    state = makeIntervalAggState(fcinfo);

  if (!PG_ARGISNULL(1))
    do_interval_accum(state, PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1));

  PG_RETURN_POINTER(state);
}

/*
 * Combine function for sum() and avg() interval aggregates.
 *
 * Combine the given internal aggregate states and place the combination in
 * the first argument.
 */
Datum
interval_avg_combine(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  IntervalAggState *state1;
  IntervalAggState *state2;

  state1 = PG_ARGISNULL(0) ? NULL : (IntervalAggState *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
  state2 = PG_ARGISNULL(1) ? NULL : (IntervalAggState *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);

  if (state2 == NULL)
  {
    /*
     * NULL state2 is easy, just return state1, which we know is already
     * in the agg_context
     */
    if (state1 == NULL)
      PG_RETURN_NULL();
    PG_RETURN_POINTER(state1);
  }

  if (state1 == NULL)
  {
    /* manually copy all fields from state2 to state1 */
    state1 = makeIntervalAggState(fcinfo);

    state1->N = state2->N;
    state1->pInfcount = state2->pInfcount;
    state1->nInfcount = state2->nInfcount;

    state1->sumX.day = state2->sumX.day;
    state1->sumX.month = state2->sumX.month;
    state1->sumX.time = state2->sumX.time;

    PG_RETURN_POINTER(state1);
  }

  state1->N += state2->N;
  state1->pInfcount += state2->pInfcount;
  state1->nInfcount += state2->nInfcount;

  /* Accumulate finite interval values, if any. */
  if (state2->N > 0)
    finite_interval_pl(&state1->sumX, &state2->sumX, &state1->sumX);

  PG_RETURN_POINTER(state1);
}

/*
 * interval_avg_serialize
 *    Serialize IntervalAggState for interval aggregates.
 */
Datum
interval_avg_serialize(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  IntervalAggState *state;
  StringInfoData buf;
  bytea    *result;

  /* Ensure we disallow calling when not in aggregate context */
  if (!AggCheckCallContext(fcinfo, NULL))
    elog(ERROR, "aggregate function called in non-aggregate context");

  state = (IntervalAggState *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

  pq_begintypsend(&buf);

  /* N */
  pq_sendint64(&buf, state->N);

  /* sumX */
  pq_sendint64(&buf, state->sumX.time);
  pq_sendint32(&buf, state->sumX.day);
  pq_sendint32(&buf, state->sumX.month);

  /* pInfcount */
  pq_sendint64(&buf, state->pInfcount);

  /* nInfcount */
  pq_sendint64(&buf, state->nInfcount);

  result = pq_endtypsend(&buf);

  PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(result);
}

/*
 * interval_avg_deserialize
 *    Deserialize bytea into IntervalAggState for interval aggregates.
 */
Datum
interval_avg_deserialize(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  bytea    *sstate;
  IntervalAggState *result;
  StringInfoData buf;

  if (!AggCheckCallContext(fcinfo, NULL))
    elog(ERROR, "aggregate function called in non-aggregate context");

  sstate = PG_GETARG_BYTEA_PP(0);

  /*
   * Initialize a StringInfo so that we can "receive" it using the standard
   * recv-function infrastructure.
   */
  initReadOnlyStringInfo(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(sstate),
               VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(sstate));

  result = palloc0_object(IntervalAggState);

  /* N */
  result->N = pq_getmsgint64(&buf);

  /* sumX */
  result->sumX.time = pq_getmsgint64(&buf);
  result->sumX.day = pq_getmsgint(&buf, 4);
  result->sumX.month = pq_getmsgint(&buf, 4);

  /* pInfcount */
  result->pInfcount = pq_getmsgint64(&buf);

  /* nInfcount */
  result->nInfcount = pq_getmsgint64(&buf);

  pq_getmsgend(&buf);

  PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}

/*
 * Inverse transition function for sum() and avg() interval aggregates.
 */
Datum
interval_avg_accum_inv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  IntervalAggState *state;

  state = PG_ARGISNULL(0) ? NULL : (IntervalAggState *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

  /* Should not get here with no state */
  if (state == NULL)
    elog(ERROR, "interval_avg_accum_inv called with NULL state");

  if (!PG_ARGISNULL(1))
    do_interval_discard(state, PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1));

  PG_RETURN_POINTER(state);
}

/* avg(interval) aggregate final function */
Datum
interval_avg(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  IntervalAggState *state;

  state = PG_ARGISNULL(0) ? NULL : (IntervalAggState *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

  /* If there were no non-null inputs, return NULL */
  if (state == NULL || IA_TOTAL_COUNT(state) == 0)
    PG_RETURN_NULL();

  /*
   * Aggregating infinities that all have the same sign produces infinity
   * with that sign.  Aggregating infinities with different signs results in
   * an error.
   */
  if (state->pInfcount > 0 || state->nInfcount > 0)
  {
    Interval   *result;

    if (state->pInfcount > 0 && state->nInfcount > 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));

    result = palloc_object(Interval);
    if (state->pInfcount > 0)
      INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
    else
      INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);

    PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
  }

  return DirectFunctionCall2(interval_div,
                 IntervalPGetDatum(&state->sumX),
                 Float8GetDatum((double) state->N));
}

/* sum(interval) aggregate final function */
Datum
interval_sum(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  IntervalAggState *state;
  Interval   *result;

  state = PG_ARGISNULL(0) ? NULL : (IntervalAggState *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

  /* If there were no non-null inputs, return NULL */
  if (state == NULL || IA_TOTAL_COUNT(state) == 0)
    PG_RETURN_NULL();

  /*
   * Aggregating infinities that all have the same sign produces infinity
   * with that sign.  Aggregating infinities with different signs results in
   * an error.
   */
  if (state->pInfcount > 0 && state->nInfcount > 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("interval out of range")));

  result = palloc_object(Interval);

  if (state->pInfcount > 0)
    INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
  else if (state->nInfcount > 0)
    INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);
  else
    memcpy(result, &state->sumX, sizeof(Interval));

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 * timestamp_age()
 * Calculate time difference while retaining year/month fields.
 * Note that this does not result in an accurate absolute time span
 *  since year and month are out of context once the arithmetic
 *  is done.
 */
Datum
timestamp_age(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  Timestamp dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
  Interval   *result;
  fsec_t    fsec1,
        fsec2;
  struct pg_itm tt,
         *tm = &tt;
  struct pg_tm tt1,
         *tm1 = &tt1;
  struct pg_tm tt2,
         *tm2 = &tt2;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);

  /*
   * Handle infinities.
   *
   * We treat anything that amounts to "infinity - infinity" as an error,
   * since the interval type has nothing equivalent to NaN.
   */
  if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt1))
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt2))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
    else
      INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);
  }
  else if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt1))
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt2))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
    else
      INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
  }
  else if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt2))
    INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
  else if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt2))
    INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);
  else if (timestamp2tm(dt1, NULL, tm1, &fsec1, NULL, NULL) == 0 &&
       timestamp2tm(dt2, NULL, tm2, &fsec2, NULL, NULL) == 0)
  {
    /* form the symbolic difference */
    tm->tm_usec = fsec1 - fsec2;
    tm->tm_sec = tm1->tm_sec - tm2->tm_sec;
    tm->tm_min = tm1->tm_min - tm2->tm_min;
    tm->tm_hour = tm1->tm_hour - tm2->tm_hour;
    tm->tm_mday = tm1->tm_mday - tm2->tm_mday;
    tm->tm_mon = tm1->tm_mon - tm2->tm_mon;
    tm->tm_year = tm1->tm_year - tm2->tm_year;

    /* flip sign if necessary... */
    if (dt1 < dt2)
    {
      tm->tm_usec = -tm->tm_usec;
      tm->tm_sec = -tm->tm_sec;
      tm->tm_min = -tm->tm_min;
      tm->tm_hour = -tm->tm_hour;
      tm->tm_mday = -tm->tm_mday;
      tm->tm_mon = -tm->tm_mon;
      tm->tm_year = -tm->tm_year;
    }

    /* propagate any negative fields into the next higher field */
    while (tm->tm_usec < 0)
    {
      tm->tm_usec += USECS_PER_SEC;
      tm->tm_sec--;
    }

    while (tm->tm_sec < 0)
    {
      tm->tm_sec += SECS_PER_MINUTE;
      tm->tm_min--;
    }

    while (tm->tm_min < 0)
    {
      tm->tm_min += MINS_PER_HOUR;
      tm->tm_hour--;
    }

    while (tm->tm_hour < 0)
    {
      tm->tm_hour += HOURS_PER_DAY;
      tm->tm_mday--;
    }

    while (tm->tm_mday < 0)
    {
      if (dt1 < dt2)
      {
        tm->tm_mday += day_tab[isleap(tm1->tm_year)][tm1->tm_mon - 1];
        tm->tm_mon--;
      }
      else
      {
        tm->tm_mday += day_tab[isleap(tm2->tm_year)][tm2->tm_mon - 1];
        tm->tm_mon--;
      }
    }

    while (tm->tm_mon < 0)
    {
      tm->tm_mon += MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
      tm->tm_year--;
    }

    /* recover sign if necessary... */
    if (dt1 < dt2)
    {
      tm->tm_usec = -tm->tm_usec;
      tm->tm_sec = -tm->tm_sec;
      tm->tm_min = -tm->tm_min;
      tm->tm_hour = -tm->tm_hour;
      tm->tm_mday = -tm->tm_mday;
      tm->tm_mon = -tm->tm_mon;
      tm->tm_year = -tm->tm_year;
    }

    if (itm2interval(tm, result) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
  }
  else
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}


/*
 * timestamptz_age()
 * Calculate time difference while retaining year/month fields.
 * Note that this does not result in an accurate absolute time span
 *  since year and month are out of context once the arithmetic
 *  is done.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_age(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
  Interval   *result;
  fsec_t    fsec1,
        fsec2;
  struct pg_itm tt,
         *tm = &tt;
  struct pg_tm tt1,
         *tm1 = &tt1;
  struct pg_tm tt2,
         *tm2 = &tt2;
  int     tz1;
  int     tz2;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);

  /*
   * Handle infinities.
   *
   * We treat anything that amounts to "infinity - infinity" as an error,
   * since the interval type has nothing equivalent to NaN.
   */
  if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt1))
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt2))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
    else
      INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);
  }
  else if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt1))
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt2))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
    else
      INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
  }
  else if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt2))
    INTERVAL_NOEND(result);
  else if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt2))
    INTERVAL_NOBEGIN(result);
  else if (timestamp2tm(dt1, &tz1, tm1, &fsec1, NULL, NULL) == 0 &&
       timestamp2tm(dt2, &tz2, tm2, &fsec2, NULL, NULL) == 0)
  {
    /* form the symbolic difference */
    tm->tm_usec = fsec1 - fsec2;
    tm->tm_sec = tm1->tm_sec - tm2->tm_sec;
    tm->tm_min = tm1->tm_min - tm2->tm_min;
    tm->tm_hour = tm1->tm_hour - tm2->tm_hour;
    tm->tm_mday = tm1->tm_mday - tm2->tm_mday;
    tm->tm_mon = tm1->tm_mon - tm2->tm_mon;
    tm->tm_year = tm1->tm_year - tm2->tm_year;

    /* flip sign if necessary... */
    if (dt1 < dt2)
    {
      tm->tm_usec = -tm->tm_usec;
      tm->tm_sec = -tm->tm_sec;
      tm->tm_min = -tm->tm_min;
      tm->tm_hour = -tm->tm_hour;
      tm->tm_mday = -tm->tm_mday;
      tm->tm_mon = -tm->tm_mon;
      tm->tm_year = -tm->tm_year;
    }

    /* propagate any negative fields into the next higher field */
    while (tm->tm_usec < 0)
    {
      tm->tm_usec += USECS_PER_SEC;
      tm->tm_sec--;
    }

    while (tm->tm_sec < 0)
    {
      tm->tm_sec += SECS_PER_MINUTE;
      tm->tm_min--;
    }

    while (tm->tm_min < 0)
    {
      tm->tm_min += MINS_PER_HOUR;
      tm->tm_hour--;
    }

    while (tm->tm_hour < 0)
    {
      tm->tm_hour += HOURS_PER_DAY;
      tm->tm_mday--;
    }

    while (tm->tm_mday < 0)
    {
      if (dt1 < dt2)
      {
        tm->tm_mday += day_tab[isleap(tm1->tm_year)][tm1->tm_mon - 1];
        tm->tm_mon--;
      }
      else
      {
        tm->tm_mday += day_tab[isleap(tm2->tm_year)][tm2->tm_mon - 1];
        tm->tm_mon--;
      }
    }

    while (tm->tm_mon < 0)
    {
      tm->tm_mon += MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
      tm->tm_year--;
    }

    /*
     * Note: we deliberately ignore any difference between tz1 and tz2.
     */

    /* recover sign if necessary... */
    if (dt1 < dt2)
    {
      tm->tm_usec = -tm->tm_usec;
      tm->tm_sec = -tm->tm_sec;
      tm->tm_min = -tm->tm_min;
      tm->tm_hour = -tm->tm_hour;
      tm->tm_mday = -tm->tm_mday;
      tm->tm_mon = -tm->tm_mon;
      tm->tm_year = -tm->tm_year;
    }

    if (itm2interval(tm, result) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
  }
  else
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}


/*----------------------------------------------------------
 *  Conversion operators.
 *---------------------------------------------------------*/


/*
 * timestamp_bin()
 * Bin timestamp into specified interval.
 */
Datum
timestamp_bin(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *stride = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Timestamp timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
  Timestamp origin = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(2);
  Timestamp result,
        stride_usecs,
        tm_diff,
        tm_modulo,
        tm_delta;

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamp);

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(origin))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("origin out of range")));

  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(stride))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamps cannot be binned into infinite intervals")));

  if (stride->month != 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
         errmsg("timestamps cannot be binned into intervals containing months or years")));

  if (unlikely(pg_mul_s64_overflow(stride->day, USECS_PER_DAY, &stride_usecs)) ||
    unlikely(pg_add_s64_overflow(stride_usecs, stride->time, &stride_usecs)))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("interval out of range")));

  if (stride_usecs <= 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("stride must be greater than zero")));

  if (unlikely(pg_sub_s64_overflow(timestamp, origin, &tm_diff)))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("interval out of range")));

  /* These calculations cannot overflow */
  tm_modulo = tm_diff % stride_usecs;
  tm_delta = tm_diff - tm_modulo;
  result = origin + tm_delta;

  /*
   * We want to round towards -infinity, not 0, when tm_diff is negative and
   * not a multiple of stride_usecs.  This adjustment *can* cause overflow,
   * since the result might now be out of the range origin .. timestamp.
   */
  if (tm_modulo < 0)
  {
    if (unlikely(pg_sub_s64_overflow(result, stride_usecs, &result)) ||
      !IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(result))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
  }

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/*
 * timestamp_trunc()
 * Truncate timestamp to specified units.
 */
Datum
timestamp_trunc(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  text     *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
  Timestamp timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
  Timestamp result;
  int     type,
        val;
  char     *lowunits;
  fsec_t    fsec;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;

  lowunits = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA_ANY(units),
                      VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(units),
                      false);

  type = DecodeUnits(0, lowunits, &val);

  if (type == UNITS)
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    {
      /*
       * Errors thrown here for invalid units should exactly match those
       * below, else there will be unexpected discrepancies between
       * finite- and infinite-input cases.
       */
      switch (val)
      {
        case DTK_WEEK:
        case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
        case DTK_CENTURY:
        case DTK_DECADE:
        case DTK_YEAR:
        case DTK_QUARTER:
        case DTK_MONTH:
        case DTK_DAY:
        case DTK_HOUR:
        case DTK_MINUTE:
        case DTK_SECOND:
        case DTK_MILLISEC:
        case DTK_MICROSEC:
          PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamp);
          break;
        default:
          ereport(ERROR,
              (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
               errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
                  lowunits, format_type_be(TIMESTAMPOID))));
          result = 0;
      }
    }

    if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

    switch (val)
    {
      case DTK_WEEK:
        {
          int     woy;

          woy = date2isoweek(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);

          /*
           * If it is week 52/53 and the month is January, then the
           * week must belong to the previous year. Also, some
           * December dates belong to the next year.
           */
          if (woy >= 52 && tm->tm_mon == 1)
            --tm->tm_year;
          if (woy <= 1 && tm->tm_mon == MONTHS_PER_YEAR)
            ++tm->tm_year;
          isoweek2date(woy, &(tm->tm_year), &(tm->tm_mon), &(tm->tm_mday));
          tm->tm_hour = 0;
          tm->tm_min = 0;
          tm->tm_sec = 0;
          fsec = 0;
          break;
        }
      case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
        /* see comments in timestamptz_trunc */
        if (tm->tm_year > 0)
          tm->tm_year = ((tm->tm_year + 999) / 1000) * 1000 - 999;
        else
          tm->tm_year = -((999 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 1000) * 1000 + 1;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_CENTURY:
        /* see comments in timestamptz_trunc */
        if (tm->tm_year > 0)
          tm->tm_year = ((tm->tm_year + 99) / 100) * 100 - 99;
        else
          tm->tm_year = -((99 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 100) * 100 + 1;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_DECADE:
        /* see comments in timestamptz_trunc */
        if (val != DTK_MILLENNIUM && val != DTK_CENTURY)
        {
          if (tm->tm_year > 0)
            tm->tm_year = (tm->tm_year / 10) * 10;
          else
            tm->tm_year = -((8 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 10) * 10;
        }
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_YEAR:
        tm->tm_mon = 1;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_QUARTER:
        tm->tm_mon = (3 * ((tm->tm_mon - 1) / 3)) + 1;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_MONTH:
        tm->tm_mday = 1;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_DAY:
        tm->tm_hour = 0;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_HOUR:
        tm->tm_min = 0;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_MINUTE:
        tm->tm_sec = 0;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_SECOND:
        fsec = 0;
        break;

      case DTK_MILLISEC:
        fsec = (fsec / 1000) * 1000;
        break;

      case DTK_MICROSEC:
        break;

      default:
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
             errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
                lowunits, format_type_be(TIMESTAMPOID))));
        result = 0;
    }

    if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, NULL, &result) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
  }
  else
  {
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("unit \"%s\" not recognized for type %s",
            lowunits, format_type_be(TIMESTAMPOID))));
    result = 0;
  }

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/*
 * timestamptz_bin()
 * Bin timestamptz into specified interval using specified origin.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_bin(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *stride = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
  TimestampTz origin = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(2);
  TimestampTz result,
        stride_usecs,
        tm_diff,
        tm_modulo,
        tm_delta;

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(timestamp);

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(origin))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("origin out of range")));

  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(stride))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamps cannot be binned into infinite intervals")));

  if (stride->month != 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
         errmsg("timestamps cannot be binned into intervals containing months or years")));

  if (unlikely(pg_mul_s64_overflow(stride->day, USECS_PER_DAY, &stride_usecs)) ||
    unlikely(pg_add_s64_overflow(stride_usecs, stride->time, &stride_usecs)))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("interval out of range")));

  if (stride_usecs <= 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("stride must be greater than zero")));

  if (unlikely(pg_sub_s64_overflow(timestamp, origin, &tm_diff)))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("interval out of range")));

  /* These calculations cannot overflow */
  tm_modulo = tm_diff % stride_usecs;
  tm_delta = tm_diff - tm_modulo;
  result = origin + tm_delta;

  /*
   * We want to round towards -infinity, not 0, when tm_diff is negative and
   * not a multiple of stride_usecs.  This adjustment *can* cause overflow,
   * since the result might now be out of the range origin .. timestamp.
   */
  if (tm_modulo < 0)
  {
    if (unlikely(pg_sub_s64_overflow(result, stride_usecs, &result)) ||
      !IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(result))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
  }

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}

/*
 * Common code for timestamptz_trunc() and timestamptz_trunc_zone().
 *
 * tzp identifies the zone to truncate with respect to.  We assume
 * infinite timestamps have already been rejected.
 */
static TimestampTz
timestamptz_trunc_internal(text *units, TimestampTz timestamp, pg_tz *tzp)
{
  TimestampTz result;
  int     tz;
  int     type,
        val;
  bool    redotz = false;
  char     *lowunits;
  fsec_t    fsec;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;

  lowunits = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA_ANY(units),
                      VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(units),
                      false);

  type = DecodeUnits(0, lowunits, &val);

  if (type == UNITS)
  {
    if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    {
      /*
       * Errors thrown here for invalid units should exactly match those
       * below, else there will be unexpected discrepancies between
       * finite- and infinite-input cases.
       */
      switch (val)
      {
        case DTK_WEEK:
        case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
        case DTK_CENTURY:
        case DTK_DECADE:
        case DTK_YEAR:
        case DTK_QUARTER:
        case DTK_MONTH:
        case DTK_DAY:
        case DTK_HOUR:
        case DTK_MINUTE:
        case DTK_SECOND:
        case DTK_MILLISEC:
        case DTK_MICROSEC:
          return timestamp;
          break;

        default:
          ereport(ERROR,
              (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
               errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
                  lowunits, format_type_be(TIMESTAMPTZOID))));
          result = 0;
      }
    }

    if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, NULL, tzp) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

    switch (val)
    {
      case DTK_WEEK:
        {
          int     woy;

          woy = date2isoweek(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);

          /*
           * If it is week 52/53 and the month is January, then the
           * week must belong to the previous year. Also, some
           * December dates belong to the next year.
           */
          if (woy >= 52 && tm->tm_mon == 1)
            --tm->tm_year;
          if (woy <= 1 && tm->tm_mon == MONTHS_PER_YEAR)
            ++tm->tm_year;
          isoweek2date(woy, &(tm->tm_year), &(tm->tm_mon), &(tm->tm_mday));
          tm->tm_hour = 0;
          tm->tm_min = 0;
          tm->tm_sec = 0;
          fsec = 0;
          redotz = true;
          break;
        }
        /* one may consider DTK_THOUSAND and DTK_HUNDRED... */
      case DTK_MILLENNIUM:

        /*
         * truncating to the millennium? what is this supposed to
         * mean? let us put the first year of the millennium... i.e.
         * -1000, 1, 1001, 2001...
         */
        if (tm->tm_year > 0)
          tm->tm_year = ((tm->tm_year + 999) / 1000) * 1000 - 999;
        else
          tm->tm_year = -((999 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 1000) * 1000 + 1;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_CENTURY:
        /* truncating to the century? as above: -100, 1, 101... */
        if (tm->tm_year > 0)
          tm->tm_year = ((tm->tm_year + 99) / 100) * 100 - 99;
        else
          tm->tm_year = -((99 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 100) * 100 + 1;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_DECADE:

        /*
         * truncating to the decade? first year of the decade. must
         * not be applied if year was truncated before!
         */
        if (val != DTK_MILLENNIUM && val != DTK_CENTURY)
        {
          if (tm->tm_year > 0)
            tm->tm_year = (tm->tm_year / 10) * 10;
          else
            tm->tm_year = -((8 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 10) * 10;
        }
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_YEAR:
        tm->tm_mon = 1;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_QUARTER:
        tm->tm_mon = (3 * ((tm->tm_mon - 1) / 3)) + 1;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_MONTH:
        tm->tm_mday = 1;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_DAY:
        tm->tm_hour = 0;
        redotz = true; /* for all cases >= DAY */
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_HOUR:
        tm->tm_min = 0;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_MINUTE:
        tm->tm_sec = 0;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_SECOND:
        fsec = 0;
        break;
      case DTK_MILLISEC:
        fsec = (fsec / 1000) * 1000;
        break;
      case DTK_MICROSEC:
        break;

      default:
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
             errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
                lowunits, format_type_be(TIMESTAMPTZOID))));
        result = 0;
    }

    if (redotz)
      tz = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, tzp);

    if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, &tz, &result) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
  }
  else
  {
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("unit \"%s\" not recognized for type %s",
            lowunits, format_type_be(TIMESTAMPTZOID))));
    result = 0;
  }

  return result;
}

/*
 * timestamptz_trunc()
 * Truncate timestamptz to specified units in session timezone.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_trunc(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  text     *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
  TimestampTz result;

  result = timestamptz_trunc_internal(units, timestamp, session_timezone);

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}

/*
 * timestamptz_trunc_zone()
 * Truncate timestamptz to specified units in specified timezone.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_trunc_zone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  text     *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
  text     *zone = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(2);
  TimestampTz result;
  pg_tz    *tzp;

  /*
   * Look up the requested timezone.
   */
  tzp = lookup_timezone(zone);

  result = timestamptz_trunc_internal(units, timestamp, tzp);

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}

/*
 * interval_trunc()
 * Extract specified field from interval.
 */
Datum
interval_trunc(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  text     *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
  Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
  Interval   *result;
  int     type,
        val;
  char     *lowunits;
  struct pg_itm tt,
         *tm = &tt;

  result = palloc_object(Interval);

  lowunits = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA_ANY(units),
                      VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(units),
                      false);

  type = DecodeUnits(0, lowunits, &val);

  if (type == UNITS)
  {
    if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(interval))
    {
      /*
       * Errors thrown here for invalid units should exactly match those
       * below, else there will be unexpected discrepancies between
       * finite- and infinite-input cases.
       */
      switch (val)
      {
        case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
        case DTK_CENTURY:
        case DTK_DECADE:
        case DTK_YEAR:
        case DTK_QUARTER:
        case DTK_MONTH:
        case DTK_DAY:
        case DTK_HOUR:
        case DTK_MINUTE:
        case DTK_SECOND:
        case DTK_MILLISEC:
        case DTK_MICROSEC:
          memcpy(result, interval, sizeof(Interval));
          PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
          break;

        default:
          ereport(ERROR,
              (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
               errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
                  lowunits, format_type_be(INTERVALOID)),
               (val == DTK_WEEK) ? errdetail("Months usually have fractional weeks.") : 0));
          result = NULL;
      }
    }

    interval2itm(*interval, tm);
    switch (val)
    {
      case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
        /* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
        tm->tm_year = (tm->tm_year / 1000) * 1000;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_CENTURY:
        /* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
        tm->tm_year = (tm->tm_year / 100) * 100;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_DECADE:
        /* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
        tm->tm_year = (tm->tm_year / 10) * 10;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_YEAR:
        tm->tm_mon = 0;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_QUARTER:
        tm->tm_mon = 3 * (tm->tm_mon / 3);
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_MONTH:
        tm->tm_mday = 0;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_DAY:
        tm->tm_hour = 0;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_HOUR:
        tm->tm_min = 0;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_MINUTE:
        tm->tm_sec = 0;
        pg_fallthrough;
      case DTK_SECOND:
        tm->tm_usec = 0;
        break;
      case DTK_MILLISEC:
        tm->tm_usec = (tm->tm_usec / 1000) * 1000;
        break;
      case DTK_MICROSEC:
        break;

      default:
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
             errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
                lowunits, format_type_be(INTERVALOID)),
             (val == DTK_WEEK) ? errdetail("Months usually have fractional weeks.") : 0));
    }

    if (itm2interval(tm, result) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("interval out of range")));
  }
  else
  {
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("unit \"%s\" not recognized for type %s",
            lowunits, format_type_be(INTERVALOID))));
  }

  PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 * isoweek2j()
 *
 *  Return the Julian day which corresponds to the first day (Monday) of the given ISO 8601 year and week.
 *  Julian days are used to convert between ISO week dates and Gregorian dates.
 *
 *  XXX: This function has integer overflow hazards, but restructuring it to
 *  work with the soft-error handling that its callers do is likely more
 *  trouble than it's worth.
 */
int
isoweek2j(int year, int week)
{
  int     day0,
        day4;

  /* fourth day of current year */
  day4 = date2j(year, 1, 4);

  /* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
  day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);

  return ((week - 1) * 7) + (day4 - day0);
}

/*
 * isoweek2date()
 * Convert ISO week of year number to date.
 * The year field must be specified with the ISO year!
 * karel 2000/08/07
 */
void
isoweek2date(int woy, int *year, int *mon, int *mday)
{
  j2date(isoweek2j(*year, woy), year, mon, mday);
}

/*
 * isoweekdate2date()
 *
 *  Convert an ISO 8601 week date (ISO year, ISO week) into a Gregorian date.
 *  Gregorian day of week sent so weekday strings can be supplied.
 *  Populates year, mon, and mday with the correct Gregorian values.
 *  year must be passed in as the ISO year.
 */
void
isoweekdate2date(int isoweek, int wday, int *year, int *mon, int *mday)
{
  int     jday;

  jday = isoweek2j(*year, isoweek);
  /* convert Gregorian week start (Sunday=1) to ISO week start (Monday=1) */
  if (wday > 1)
    jday += wday - 2;
  else
    jday += 6;
  j2date(jday, year, mon, mday);
}

/*
 * date2isoweek()
 *
 *  Returns ISO week number of year.
 */
int
date2isoweek(int year, int mon, int mday)
{
  int     day0,
        day4,
        dayn,
        week;

  /* current day */
  dayn = date2j(year, mon, mday);

  /* fourth day of current year */
  day4 = date2j(year, 1, 4);

  /* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
  day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);

  /*
   * We need the first week containing a Thursday, otherwise this day falls
   * into the previous year for purposes of counting weeks
   */
  if (dayn < day4 - day0)
  {
    day4 = date2j(year - 1, 1, 4);

    /* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
    day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);
  }

  week = (dayn - (day4 - day0)) / 7 + 1;

  /*
   * Sometimes the last few days in a year will fall into the first week of
   * the next year, so check for this.
   */
  if (week >= 52)
  {
    day4 = date2j(year + 1, 1, 4);

    /* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
    day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);

    if (dayn >= day4 - day0)
      week = (dayn - (day4 - day0)) / 7 + 1;
  }

  return week;
}


/*
 * date2isoyear()
 *
 *  Returns ISO 8601 year number.
 *  Note: zero or negative results follow the year-zero-exists convention.
 */
int
date2isoyear(int year, int mon, int mday)
{
  int     day0,
        day4,
        dayn,
        week;

  /* current day */
  dayn = date2j(year, mon, mday);

  /* fourth day of current year */
  day4 = date2j(year, 1, 4);

  /* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
  day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);

  /*
   * We need the first week containing a Thursday, otherwise this day falls
   * into the previous year for purposes of counting weeks
   */
  if (dayn < day4 - day0)
  {
    day4 = date2j(year - 1, 1, 4);

    /* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
    day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);

    year--;
  }

  week = (dayn - (day4 - day0)) / 7 + 1;

  /*
   * Sometimes the last few days in a year will fall into the first week of
   * the next year, so check for this.
   */
  if (week >= 52)
  {
    day4 = date2j(year + 1, 1, 4);

    /* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
    day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);

    if (dayn >= day4 - day0)
      year++;
  }

  return year;
}


/*
 * date2isoyearday()
 *
 *  Returns the ISO 8601 day-of-year, given a Gregorian year, month and day.
 *  Possible return values are 1 through 371 (364 in non-leap years).
 */
int
date2isoyearday(int year, int mon, int mday)
{
  return date2j(year, mon, mday) - isoweek2j(date2isoyear(year, mon, mday), 1) + 1;
}

/*
 * NonFiniteTimestampTzPart
 *
 *  Used by timestamp_part and timestamptz_part when extracting from infinite
 *  timestamp[tz].  Returns +/-Infinity if that is the appropriate result,
 *  otherwise returns zero (which should be taken as meaning to return NULL).
 *
 *  Errors thrown here for invalid units should exactly match those that
 *  would be thrown in the calling functions, else there will be unexpected
 *  discrepancies between finite- and infinite-input cases.
 */
static float8
NonFiniteTimestampTzPart(int type, int unit, char *lowunits,
             bool isNegative, bool isTz)
{
  if ((type != UNITS) && (type != RESERV))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("unit \"%s\" not recognized for type %s",
            lowunits,
            format_type_be(isTz ? TIMESTAMPTZOID : TIMESTAMPOID))));

  switch (unit)
  {
      /* Oscillating units */
    case DTK_MICROSEC:
    case DTK_MILLISEC:
    case DTK_SECOND:
    case DTK_MINUTE:
    case DTK_HOUR:
    case DTK_DAY:
    case DTK_MONTH:
    case DTK_QUARTER:
    case DTK_WEEK:
    case DTK_DOW:
    case DTK_ISODOW:
    case DTK_DOY:
    case DTK_TZ:
    case DTK_TZ_MINUTE:
    case DTK_TZ_HOUR:
      return 0.0;

      /* Monotonically-increasing units */
    case DTK_YEAR:
    case DTK_DECADE:
    case DTK_CENTURY:
    case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
    case DTK_JULIAN:
    case DTK_ISOYEAR:
    case DTK_EPOCH:
      if (isNegative)
        return -get_float8_infinity();
      else
        return get_float8_infinity();

    default:
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
           errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
              lowunits,
              format_type_be(isTz ? TIMESTAMPTZOID : TIMESTAMPOID))));
      return 0.0;     /* keep compiler quiet */
  }
}

/*
 * timestamp_part() and extract_timestamp()
 * Extract specified field from timestamp.
 */
static Datum
timestamp_part_common(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS, bool retnumeric)
{
  text     *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
  Timestamp timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
  int64   intresult;
  Timestamp epoch;
  int     type,
        val;
  char     *lowunits;
  fsec_t    fsec;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;

  lowunits = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA_ANY(units),
                      VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(units),
                      false);

  type = DecodeUnits(0, lowunits, &val);
  if (type == UNKNOWN_FIELD)
    type = DecodeSpecial(0, lowunits, &val);

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
  {
    double    r = NonFiniteTimestampTzPart(type, val, lowunits,
                         TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(timestamp),
                         false);

    if (r != 0.0)
    {
      if (retnumeric)
      {
        if (r < 0)
          return DirectFunctionCall3(numeric_in,
                         CStringGetDatum("-Infinity"),
                         ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid),
                         Int32GetDatum(-1));
        else if (r > 0)
          return DirectFunctionCall3(numeric_in,
                         CStringGetDatum("Infinity"),
                         ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid),
                         Int32GetDatum(-1));
      }
      else
        PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(r);
    }
    else
      PG_RETURN_NULL();
  }

  if (type == UNITS)
  {
    if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

    switch (val)
    {
      case DTK_MICROSEC:
        intresult = tm->tm_sec * INT64CONST(1000000) + fsec;
        break;

      case DTK_MILLISEC:
        if (retnumeric)
          /*---
           * tm->tm_sec * 1000 + fsec / 1000
           * = (tm->tm_sec * 1'000'000 + fsec) / 1000
           */
          PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(int64_div_fast_to_numeric(tm->tm_sec * INT64CONST(1000000) + fsec, 3));
        else
          PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(tm->tm_sec * 1000.0 + fsec / 1000.0);
        break;

      case DTK_SECOND:
        if (retnumeric)
          /*---
           * tm->tm_sec + fsec / 1'000'000
           * = (tm->tm_sec * 1'000'000 + fsec) / 1'000'000
           */
          PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(int64_div_fast_to_numeric(tm->tm_sec * INT64CONST(1000000) + fsec, 6));
        else
          PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(tm->tm_sec + fsec / 1000000.0);
        break;

      case DTK_MINUTE:
        intresult = tm->tm_min;
        break;

      case DTK_HOUR:
        intresult = tm->tm_hour;
        break;

      case DTK_DAY:
        intresult = tm->tm_mday;
        break;

      case DTK_MONTH:
        intresult = tm->tm_mon;
        break;

      case DTK_QUARTER:
        intresult = (tm->tm_mon - 1) / 3 + 1;
        break;

      case DTK_WEEK:
        intresult = date2isoweek(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);
        break;

      case DTK_YEAR:
        if (tm->tm_year > 0)
          intresult = tm->tm_year;
        else
          /* there is no year 0, just 1 BC and 1 AD */
          intresult = tm->tm_year - 1;
        break;

      case DTK_DECADE:

        /*
         * what is a decade wrt dates? let us assume that decade 199
         * is 1990 thru 1999... decade 0 starts on year 1 BC, and -1
         * is 11 BC thru 2 BC...
         */
        if (tm->tm_year >= 0)
          intresult = tm->tm_year / 10;
        else
          intresult = -((8 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 10);
        break;

      case DTK_CENTURY:

        /* ----
         * centuries AD, c>0: year in [ (c-1)* 100 + 1 : c*100 ]
         * centuries BC, c<0: year in [ c*100 : (c+1) * 100 - 1]
         * there is no number 0 century.
         * ----
         */
        if (tm->tm_year > 0)
          intresult = (tm->tm_year + 99) / 100;
        else
          /* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
          intresult = -((99 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 100);
        break;

      case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
        /* see comments above. */
        if (tm->tm_year > 0)
          intresult = (tm->tm_year + 999) / 1000;
        else
          intresult = -((999 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 1000);
        break;

      case DTK_JULIAN:
        if (retnumeric)
          PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(numeric_add_safe(int64_to_numeric(date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday)),
                             numeric_div_safe(int64_to_numeric(((((tm->tm_hour * MINS_PER_HOUR) + tm->tm_min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE) + tm->tm_sec) * INT64CONST(1000000) + fsec),
                                    int64_to_numeric(SECS_PER_DAY * INT64CONST(1000000)),
                                    NULL),
                             NULL));
        else
          PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday) +
                   ((((tm->tm_hour * MINS_PER_HOUR) + tm->tm_min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE) +
                    tm->tm_sec + (fsec / 1000000.0)) / (double) SECS_PER_DAY);
        break;

      case DTK_ISOYEAR:
        intresult = date2isoyear(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);
        /* Adjust BC years */
        if (intresult <= 0)
          intresult -= 1;
        break;

      case DTK_DOW:
      case DTK_ISODOW:
        intresult = j2day(date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday));
        if (val == DTK_ISODOW && intresult == 0)
          intresult = 7;
        break;

      case DTK_DOY:
        intresult = (date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday)
               - date2j(tm->tm_year, 1, 1) + 1);
        break;

      case DTK_TZ:
      case DTK_TZ_MINUTE:
      case DTK_TZ_HOUR:
      default:
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
             errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
                lowunits, format_type_be(TIMESTAMPOID))));
        intresult = 0;
    }
  }
  else if (type == RESERV)
  {
    switch (val)
    {
      case DTK_EPOCH:
        epoch = SetEpochTimestamp();
        /* (timestamp - epoch) / 1000000 */
        if (retnumeric)
        {
          Numeric   result;

          if (timestamp < (PG_INT64_MAX + epoch))
            result = int64_div_fast_to_numeric(timestamp - epoch, 6);
          else
          {
            result = numeric_div_safe(numeric_sub_safe(int64_to_numeric(timestamp),
                                   int64_to_numeric(epoch),
                                   NULL),
                          int64_to_numeric(1000000),
                          NULL);
            result = DatumGetNumeric(DirectFunctionCall2(numeric_round,
                                   NumericGetDatum(result),
                                   Int32GetDatum(6)));
          }
          PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(result);
        }
        else
        {
          float8    result;

          /* try to avoid precision loss in subtraction */
          if (timestamp < (PG_INT64_MAX + epoch))
            result = (timestamp - epoch) / 1000000.0;
          else
            result = ((float8) timestamp - epoch) / 1000000.0;
          PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(result);
        }
        break;

      default:
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
             errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
                lowunits, format_type_be(TIMESTAMPOID))));
        intresult = 0;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("unit \"%s\" not recognized for type %s",
            lowunits, format_type_be(TIMESTAMPOID))));
    intresult = 0;
  }

  if (retnumeric)
    PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(int64_to_numeric(intresult));
  else
    PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(intresult);
}

Datum
timestamp_part(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return timestamp_part_common(fcinfo, false);
}

Datum
extract_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return timestamp_part_common(fcinfo, true);
}

/*
 * timestamptz_part() and extract_timestamptz()
 * Extract specified field from timestamp with time zone.
 */
static Datum
timestamptz_part_common(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS, bool retnumeric)
{
  text     *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
  int64   intresult;
  Timestamp epoch;
  int     tz;
  int     type,
        val;
  char     *lowunits;
  fsec_t    fsec;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;

  lowunits = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA_ANY(units),
                      VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(units),
                      false);

  type = DecodeUnits(0, lowunits, &val);
  if (type == UNKNOWN_FIELD)
    type = DecodeSpecial(0, lowunits, &val);

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
  {
    double    r = NonFiniteTimestampTzPart(type, val, lowunits,
                         TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(timestamp),
                         true);

    if (r != 0.0)
    {
      if (retnumeric)
      {
        if (r < 0)
          return DirectFunctionCall3(numeric_in,
                         CStringGetDatum("-Infinity"),
                         ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid),
                         Int32GetDatum(-1));
        else if (r > 0)
          return DirectFunctionCall3(numeric_in,
                         CStringGetDatum("Infinity"),
                         ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid),
                         Int32GetDatum(-1));
      }
      else
        PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(r);
    }
    else
      PG_RETURN_NULL();
  }

  if (type == UNITS)
  {
    if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

    switch (val)
    {
      case DTK_TZ:
        intresult = -tz;
        break;

      case DTK_TZ_MINUTE:
        intresult = (-tz / SECS_PER_MINUTE) % MINS_PER_HOUR;
        break;

      case DTK_TZ_HOUR:
        intresult = -tz / SECS_PER_HOUR;
        break;

      case DTK_MICROSEC:
        intresult = tm->tm_sec * INT64CONST(1000000) + fsec;
        break;

      case DTK_MILLISEC:
        if (retnumeric)
          /*---
           * tm->tm_sec * 1000 + fsec / 1000
           * = (tm->tm_sec * 1'000'000 + fsec) / 1000
           */
          PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(int64_div_fast_to_numeric(tm->tm_sec * INT64CONST(1000000) + fsec, 3));
        else
          PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(tm->tm_sec * 1000.0 + fsec / 1000.0);
        break;

      case DTK_SECOND:
        if (retnumeric)
          /*---
           * tm->tm_sec + fsec / 1'000'000
           * = (tm->tm_sec * 1'000'000 + fsec) / 1'000'000
           */
          PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(int64_div_fast_to_numeric(tm->tm_sec * INT64CONST(1000000) + fsec, 6));
        else
          PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(tm->tm_sec + fsec / 1000000.0);
        break;

      case DTK_MINUTE:
        intresult = tm->tm_min;
        break;

      case DTK_HOUR:
        intresult = tm->tm_hour;
        break;

      case DTK_DAY:
        intresult = tm->tm_mday;
        break;

      case DTK_MONTH:
        intresult = tm->tm_mon;
        break;

      case DTK_QUARTER:
        intresult = (tm->tm_mon - 1) / 3 + 1;
        break;

      case DTK_WEEK:
        intresult = date2isoweek(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);
        break;

      case DTK_YEAR:
        if (tm->tm_year > 0)
          intresult = tm->tm_year;
        else
          /* there is no year 0, just 1 BC and 1 AD */
          intresult = tm->tm_year - 1;
        break;

      case DTK_DECADE:
        /* see comments in timestamp_part */
        if (tm->tm_year > 0)
          intresult = tm->tm_year / 10;
        else
          intresult = -((8 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 10);
        break;

      case DTK_CENTURY:
        /* see comments in timestamp_part */
        if (tm->tm_year > 0)
          intresult = (tm->tm_year + 99) / 100;
        else
          intresult = -((99 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 100);
        break;

      case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
        /* see comments in timestamp_part */
        if (tm->tm_year > 0)
          intresult = (tm->tm_year + 999) / 1000;
        else
          intresult = -((999 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 1000);
        break;

      case DTK_JULIAN:
        if (retnumeric)
          PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(numeric_add_safe(int64_to_numeric(date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday)),
                             numeric_div_safe(int64_to_numeric(((((tm->tm_hour * MINS_PER_HOUR) + tm->tm_min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE) + tm->tm_sec) * INT64CONST(1000000) + fsec),
                                    int64_to_numeric(SECS_PER_DAY * INT64CONST(1000000)),
                                    NULL),
                             NULL));
        else
          PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday) +
                   ((((tm->tm_hour * MINS_PER_HOUR) + tm->tm_min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE) +
                    tm->tm_sec + (fsec / 1000000.0)) / (double) SECS_PER_DAY);
        break;

      case DTK_ISOYEAR:
        intresult = date2isoyear(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);
        /* Adjust BC years */
        if (intresult <= 0)
          intresult -= 1;
        break;

      case DTK_DOW:
      case DTK_ISODOW:
        intresult = j2day(date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday));
        if (val == DTK_ISODOW && intresult == 0)
          intresult = 7;
        break;

      case DTK_DOY:
        intresult = (date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday)
               - date2j(tm->tm_year, 1, 1) + 1);
        break;

      default:
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
             errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
                lowunits, format_type_be(TIMESTAMPTZOID))));
        intresult = 0;
    }
  }
  else if (type == RESERV)
  {
    switch (val)
    {
      case DTK_EPOCH:
        epoch = SetEpochTimestamp();
        /* (timestamp - epoch) / 1000000 */
        if (retnumeric)
        {
          Numeric   result;

          if (timestamp < (PG_INT64_MAX + epoch))
            result = int64_div_fast_to_numeric(timestamp - epoch, 6);
          else
          {
            result = numeric_div_safe(numeric_sub_safe(int64_to_numeric(timestamp),
                                   int64_to_numeric(epoch),
                                   NULL),
                          int64_to_numeric(1000000),
                          NULL);
            result = DatumGetNumeric(DirectFunctionCall2(numeric_round,
                                   NumericGetDatum(result),
                                   Int32GetDatum(6)));
          }
          PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(result);
        }
        else
        {
          float8    result;

          /* try to avoid precision loss in subtraction */
          if (timestamp < (PG_INT64_MAX + epoch))
            result = (timestamp - epoch) / 1000000.0;
          else
            result = ((float8) timestamp - epoch) / 1000000.0;
          PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(result);
        }
        break;

      default:
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
             errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
                lowunits, format_type_be(TIMESTAMPTZOID))));
        intresult = 0;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("unit \"%s\" not recognized for type %s",
            lowunits, format_type_be(TIMESTAMPTZOID))));

    intresult = 0;
  }

  if (retnumeric)
    PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(int64_to_numeric(intresult));
  else
    PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(intresult);
}

Datum
timestamptz_part(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return timestamptz_part_common(fcinfo, false);
}

Datum
extract_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return timestamptz_part_common(fcinfo, true);
}

/*
 * NonFiniteIntervalPart
 *
 *  Used by interval_part when extracting from infinite interval.  Returns
 *  +/-Infinity if that is the appropriate result, otherwise returns zero
 *  (which should be taken as meaning to return NULL).
 *
 *  Errors thrown here for invalid units should exactly match those that
 *  would be thrown in the calling functions, else there will be unexpected
 *  discrepancies between finite- and infinite-input cases.
 */
static float8
NonFiniteIntervalPart(int type, int unit, char *lowunits, bool isNegative)
{
  if ((type != UNITS) && (type != RESERV))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("unit \"%s\" not recognized for type %s",
            lowunits, format_type_be(INTERVALOID))));

  switch (unit)
  {
      /* Oscillating units */
    case DTK_MICROSEC:
    case DTK_MILLISEC:
    case DTK_SECOND:
    case DTK_MINUTE:
    case DTK_WEEK:
    case DTK_MONTH:
    case DTK_QUARTER:
      return 0.0;

      /* Monotonically-increasing units */
    case DTK_HOUR:
    case DTK_DAY:
    case DTK_YEAR:
    case DTK_DECADE:
    case DTK_CENTURY:
    case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
    case DTK_EPOCH:
      if (isNegative)
        return -get_float8_infinity();
      else
        return get_float8_infinity();

    default:
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
           errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
              lowunits, format_type_be(INTERVALOID))));
      return 0.0;     /* keep compiler quiet */
  }
}

/*
 * interval_part() and extract_interval()
 * Extract specified field from interval.
 */
static Datum
interval_part_common(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS, bool retnumeric)
{
  text     *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
  Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
  int64   intresult;
  int     type,
        val;
  char     *lowunits;
  struct pg_itm tt,
         *tm = &tt;

  lowunits = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA_ANY(units),
                      VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(units),
                      false);

  type = DecodeUnits(0, lowunits, &val);
  if (type == UNKNOWN_FIELD)
    type = DecodeSpecial(0, lowunits, &val);

  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(interval))
  {
    double    r = NonFiniteIntervalPart(type, val, lowunits,
                        INTERVAL_IS_NOBEGIN(interval));

    if (r != 0.0)
    {
      if (retnumeric)
      {
        if (r < 0)
          return DirectFunctionCall3(numeric_in,
                         CStringGetDatum("-Infinity"),
                         ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid),
                         Int32GetDatum(-1));
        else if (r > 0)
          return DirectFunctionCall3(numeric_in,
                         CStringGetDatum("Infinity"),
                         ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid),
                         Int32GetDatum(-1));
      }
      else
        PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(r);
    }
    else
      PG_RETURN_NULL();
  }

  if (type == UNITS)
  {
    interval2itm(*interval, tm);
    switch (val)
    {
      case DTK_MICROSEC:
        intresult = tm->tm_sec * INT64CONST(1000000) + tm->tm_usec;
        break;

      case DTK_MILLISEC:
        if (retnumeric)
          /*---
           * tm->tm_sec * 1000 + fsec / 1000
           * = (tm->tm_sec * 1'000'000 + fsec) / 1000
           */
          PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(int64_div_fast_to_numeric(tm->tm_sec * INT64CONST(1000000) + tm->tm_usec, 3));
        else
          PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(tm->tm_sec * 1000.0 + tm->tm_usec / 1000.0);
        break;

      case DTK_SECOND:
        if (retnumeric)
          /*---
           * tm->tm_sec + fsec / 1'000'000
           * = (tm->tm_sec * 1'000'000 + fsec) / 1'000'000
           */
          PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(int64_div_fast_to_numeric(tm->tm_sec * INT64CONST(1000000) + tm->tm_usec, 6));
        else
          PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(tm->tm_sec + tm->tm_usec / 1000000.0);
        break;

      case DTK_MINUTE:
        intresult = tm->tm_min;
        break;

      case DTK_HOUR:
        intresult = tm->tm_hour;
        break;

      case DTK_DAY:
        intresult = tm->tm_mday;
        break;

      case DTK_WEEK:
        intresult = tm->tm_mday / 7;
        break;

      case DTK_MONTH:
        intresult = tm->tm_mon;
        break;

      case DTK_QUARTER:

        /*
         * We want to maintain the rule that a field extracted from a
         * negative interval is the negative of the field's value for
         * the sign-reversed interval.  The broken-down tm_year and
         * tm_mon aren't very helpful for that, so work from
         * interval->month.
         */
        if (interval->month >= 0)
          intresult = (tm->tm_mon / 3) + 1;
        else
          intresult = -(((-interval->month % MONTHS_PER_YEAR) / 3) + 1);
        break;

      case DTK_YEAR:
        intresult = tm->tm_year;
        break;

      case DTK_DECADE:
        /* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
        intresult = tm->tm_year / 10;
        break;

      case DTK_CENTURY:
        /* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
        intresult = tm->tm_year / 100;
        break;

      case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
        /* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
        intresult = tm->tm_year / 1000;
        break;

      default:
        ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
             errmsg("unit \"%s\" not supported for type %s",
                lowunits, format_type_be(INTERVALOID))));
        intresult = 0;
    }
  }
  else if (type == RESERV && val == DTK_EPOCH)
  {
    if (retnumeric)
    {
      Numeric   result;
      int64   secs_from_day_month;
      int64   val;

      /*
       * To do this calculation in integer arithmetic even though
       * DAYS_PER_YEAR is fractional, multiply everything by 4 and then
       * divide by 4 again at the end.  This relies on DAYS_PER_YEAR
       * being a multiple of 0.25 and on SECS_PER_DAY being a multiple
       * of 4.
       */
      secs_from_day_month = ((int64) (4 * DAYS_PER_YEAR) * (interval->month / MONTHS_PER_YEAR) +
                   (int64) (4 * DAYS_PER_MONTH) * (interval->month % MONTHS_PER_YEAR) +
                   (int64) 4 * interval->day) * (SECS_PER_DAY / 4);

      /*---
       * result = secs_from_day_month + interval->time / 1'000'000
       * = (secs_from_day_month * 1'000'000 + interval->time) / 1'000'000
       */

      /*
       * Try the computation inside int64; if it overflows, do it in
       * numeric (slower).  This overflow happens around 10^9 days, so
       * not common in practice.
       */
      if (!pg_mul_s64_overflow(secs_from_day_month, 1000000, &val) &&
        !pg_add_s64_overflow(val, interval->time, &val))
        result = int64_div_fast_to_numeric(val, 6);
      else
        result =
          numeric_add_safe(int64_div_fast_to_numeric(interval->time, 6),
                   int64_to_numeric(secs_from_day_month),
                   NULL);

      PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(result);
    }
    else
    {
      float8    result;

      result = interval->time / 1000000.0;
      result += ((double) DAYS_PER_YEAR * SECS_PER_DAY) * (interval->month / MONTHS_PER_YEAR);
      result += ((double) DAYS_PER_MONTH * SECS_PER_DAY) * (interval->month % MONTHS_PER_YEAR);
      result += ((double) SECS_PER_DAY) * interval->day;

      PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(result);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("unit \"%s\" not recognized for type %s",
            lowunits, format_type_be(INTERVALOID))));
    intresult = 0;
  }

  if (retnumeric)
    PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(int64_to_numeric(intresult));
  else
    PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(intresult);
}

Datum
interval_part(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return interval_part_common(fcinfo, false);
}

Datum
extract_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return interval_part_common(fcinfo, true);
}


/*
 * timestamp_zone()
 *  Encode timestamp type with specified time zone.
 *  This function is just timestamp2timestamptz() except instead of
 *  shifting to the global timezone, we shift to the specified timezone.
 *  This is different from the other AT TIME ZONE cases because instead
 *  of shifting _to_ a new time zone, it sets the time to _be_ the
 *  specified timezone.
 */
Datum
timestamp_zone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  text     *zone = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
  Timestamp timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
  TimestampTz result;
  int     tz;
  char    tzname[TZ_STRLEN_MAX + 1];
  int     type,
        val;
  pg_tz    *tzp;
  struct pg_tm tm;
  fsec_t    fsec;

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(timestamp);

  /*
   * Look up the requested timezone.
   */
  text_to_cstring_buffer(zone, tzname, sizeof(tzname));

  type = DecodeTimezoneName(tzname, &val, &tzp);

  if (type == TZNAME_FIXED_OFFSET)
  {
    /* fixed-offset abbreviation */
    tz = val;
    result = dt2local(timestamp, tz);
  }
  else if (type == TZNAME_DYNTZ)
  {
    /* dynamic-offset abbreviation, resolve using specified time */
    if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, &tm, &fsec, NULL, tzp) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    tz = -DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffset(&tm, tzname, tzp);
    result = dt2local(timestamp, tz);
  }
  else
  {
    /* full zone name, rotate to that zone */
    if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, &tm, &fsec, NULL, tzp) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    tz = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(&tm, tzp);
    if (tm2timestamp(&tm, fsec, &tz, &result) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
  }

  if (!IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(result))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}

/*
 * timestamp_izone()
 * Encode timestamp type with specified time interval as time zone.
 */
Datum
timestamp_izone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *zone = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  Timestamp timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
  TimestampTz result;
  int     tz;

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(timestamp);

  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(zone))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("interval time zone \"%s\" must be finite",
            DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(interval_out,
                              PointerGetDatum(zone))))));

  if (zone->month != 0 || zone->day != 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("interval time zone \"%s\" must not include months or days",
            DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(interval_out,
                              PointerGetDatum(zone))))));

  tz = zone->time / USECS_PER_SEC;

  result = dt2local(timestamp, tz);

  if (!IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(result))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}                /* timestamp_izone() */

/*
 * TimestampTimestampTzRequiresRewrite()
 *
 * Returns false if the TimeZone GUC setting causes timestamp_timestamptz and
 * timestamptz_timestamp to be no-ops, where the return value has the same
 * bits as the argument.  Since project convention is to assume a GUC changes
 * no more often than STABLE functions change, the answer is valid that long.
 */
bool
TimestampTimestampTzRequiresRewrite(void)
{
  long    offset;

  if (pg_get_timezone_offset(session_timezone, &offset) && offset == 0)
    return false;
  return true;
}

/*
 * timestamp_timestamptz()
 * Convert local timestamp to timestamp at GMT
 */
Datum
timestamp_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Timestamp timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
  TimestampTz result;

  result = timestamp2timestamptz_safe(timestamp, fcinfo->context);
  if (SOFT_ERROR_OCCURRED(fcinfo->context))
    PG_RETURN_NULL();

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}

/*
 * Convert timestamp to timestamp with time zone.
 *
 * If the timestamp is finite but out of the valid range for timestamptz,
 * error handling proceeds based on escontext.
 *
 * If escontext is NULL, we throw an out-of-range error (hard error).
 * If escontext is not NULL, we return NOBEGIN or NOEND for lower bound or
 * upper bound overflow, respectively, and record a soft error.
 */
TimestampTz
timestamp2timestamptz_safe(Timestamp timestamp, Node *escontext)
{
  TimestampTz result;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;
  fsec_t    fsec;
  int     tz;

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    return timestamp;

  /* timestamp2tm should not fail on valid timestamps, but cope */
  if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) == 0)
  {
    tz = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, session_timezone);

    result = dt2local(timestamp, -tz);

    if (IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(result))
      return result;
  }

  if (timestamp < 0)
    TIMESTAMP_NOBEGIN(result);
  else
    TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);

  ereturn(escontext, result,
      (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
       errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
}

/*
 * Promote timestamp to timestamptz, throwing error for overflow.
 */
static TimestampTz
timestamp2timestamptz(Timestamp timestamp)
{
  return timestamp2timestamptz_safe(timestamp, NULL);
}

/*
 * timestamptz_timestamp()
 * Convert timestamp at GMT to local timestamp
 */
Datum
timestamptz_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
  Timestamp result;

  result = timestamptz2timestamp_safe(timestamp, fcinfo->context);
  if (unlikely(SOFT_ERROR_OCCURRED(fcinfo->context)))
    PG_RETURN_NULL();

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/*
 * Convert timestamptz to timestamp, throwing error for overflow.
 */
static Timestamp
timestamptz2timestamp(TimestampTz timestamp)
{
  return timestamptz2timestamp_safe(timestamp, NULL);
}

/*
 * Convert timestamp with time zone to timestamp.
 *
 * If the timestamptz is finite but out of the valid range for timestamp,
 * error handling proceeds based on escontext.
 *
 * If escontext is NULL, we throw an out-of-range error (hard error).
 * If escontext is not NULL, we return NOBEGIN or NOEND for lower bound or
 * upper bound overflow, respectively, and record a soft error.
 */
Timestamp
timestamptz2timestamp_safe(TimestampTz timestamp, Node *escontext)
{
  Timestamp result;
  struct pg_tm tt,
         *tm = &tt;
  fsec_t    fsec;
  int     tz;

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    result = timestamp;
  else
  {
    if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
    {
      if (timestamp < 0)
        TIMESTAMP_NOBEGIN(result);
      else
        TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);

      ereturn(escontext, result,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    }
    if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, NULL, &result) != 0)
    {
      if (timestamp < 0)
        TIMESTAMP_NOBEGIN(result);
      else
        TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);

      ereturn(escontext, result,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    }
  }
  return result;
}

/*
 * timestamptz_zone()
 * Evaluate timestamp with time zone type at the specified time zone.
 * Returns a timestamp without time zone.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_zone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  text     *zone = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
  Timestamp result;
  int     tz;
  char    tzname[TZ_STRLEN_MAX + 1];
  int     type,
        val;
  pg_tz    *tzp;

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamp);

  /*
   * Look up the requested timezone.
   */
  text_to_cstring_buffer(zone, tzname, sizeof(tzname));

  type = DecodeTimezoneName(tzname, &val, &tzp);

  if (type == TZNAME_FIXED_OFFSET)
  {
    /* fixed-offset abbreviation */
    tz = -val;
    result = dt2local(timestamp, tz);
  }
  else if (type == TZNAME_DYNTZ)
  {
    /* dynamic-offset abbreviation, resolve using specified time */
    int     isdst;

    tz = DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffsetTS(timestamp, tzname, tzp, &isdst);
    result = dt2local(timestamp, tz);
  }
  else
  {
    /* full zone name, rotate from that zone */
    struct pg_tm tm;
    fsec_t    fsec;

    if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, &tm, &fsec, NULL, tzp) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
    if (tm2timestamp(&tm, fsec, NULL, &result) != 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
           errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
  }

  if (!IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(result))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/*
 * timestamptz_izone()
 * Encode timestamp with time zone type with specified time interval as time zone.
 * Returns a timestamp without time zone.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_izone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Interval   *zone = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
  TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
  Timestamp result;
  int     tz;

  if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
    PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamp);

  if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE(zone))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("interval time zone \"%s\" must be finite",
            DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(interval_out,
                              PointerGetDatum(zone))))));

  if (zone->month != 0 || zone->day != 0)
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
         errmsg("interval time zone \"%s\" must not include months or days",
            DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(interval_out,
                              PointerGetDatum(zone))))));

  tz = -(zone->time / USECS_PER_SEC);

  result = dt2local(timestamp, tz);

  if (!IS_VALID_TIMESTAMP(result))
    ereport(ERROR,
        (errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
         errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

  PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/*
 * generate_series_timestamp()
 * Generate the set of timestamps from start to finish by step
 */
Datum
generate_series_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  FuncCallContext *funcctx;
  generate_series_timestamp_fctx *fctx;
  Timestamp result;

  /* stuff done only on the first call of the function */
  if (SRF_IS_FIRSTCALL())
  {
    Timestamp start = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
    Timestamp finish = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
    Interval   *step = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(2);
    MemoryContext oldcontext;

    /* create a function context for cross-call persistence */
    funcctx = SRF_FIRSTCALL_INIT();

    /*
     * switch to memory context appropriate for multiple function calls
     */
    oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(funcctx->multi_call_memory_ctx);

    /* allocate memory for user context */
    fctx = palloc_object(generate_series_timestamp_fctx);

    /*
     * Use fctx to keep state from call to call. Seed current with the
     * original start value
     */
    fctx->current = start;
    fctx->finish = finish;
    fctx->step = *step;

    /* Determine sign of the interval */
    fctx->step_sign = interval_sign(&fctx->step);

    if (fctx->step_sign == 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
           errmsg("step size cannot equal zero")));

    if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE((&fctx->step)))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
           errmsg("step size cannot be infinite")));

    funcctx->user_fctx = fctx;
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
  }

  /* stuff done on every call of the function */
  funcctx = SRF_PERCALL_SETUP();

  /*
   * get the saved state and use current as the result for this iteration
   */
  fctx = funcctx->user_fctx;
  result = fctx->current;

  if (fctx->step_sign > 0 ?
    timestamp_cmp_internal(result, fctx->finish) <= 0 :
    timestamp_cmp_internal(result, fctx->finish) >= 0)
  {
    /* increment current in preparation for next iteration */
    fctx->current = DatumGetTimestamp(DirectFunctionCall2(timestamp_pl_interval,
                                TimestampGetDatum(fctx->current),
                                PointerGetDatum(&fctx->step)));

    /* do when there is more left to send */
    SRF_RETURN_NEXT(funcctx, TimestampGetDatum(result));
  }
  else
  {
    /* do when there is no more left */
    SRF_RETURN_DONE(funcctx);
  }
}

/*
 * generate_series_timestamptz()
 * Generate the set of timestamps from start to finish by step,
 * doing arithmetic in the specified or session timezone.
 */
static Datum
generate_series_timestamptz_internal(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
{
  FuncCallContext *funcctx;
  generate_series_timestamptz_fctx *fctx;
  TimestampTz result;

  /* stuff done only on the first call of the function */
  if (SRF_IS_FIRSTCALL())
  {
    TimestampTz start = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
    TimestampTz finish = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
    Interval   *step = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(2);
    text     *zone = (PG_NARGS() == 4) ? PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(3) : NULL;
    MemoryContext oldcontext;

    /* create a function context for cross-call persistence */
    funcctx = SRF_FIRSTCALL_INIT();

    /*
     * switch to memory context appropriate for multiple function calls
     */
    oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(funcctx->multi_call_memory_ctx);

    /* allocate memory for user context */
    fctx = palloc_object(generate_series_timestamptz_fctx);

    /*
     * Use fctx to keep state from call to call. Seed current with the
     * original start value
     */
    fctx->current = start;
    fctx->finish = finish;
    fctx->step = *step;
    fctx->attimezone = zone ? lookup_timezone(zone) : session_timezone;

    /* Determine sign of the interval */
    fctx->step_sign = interval_sign(&fctx->step);

    if (fctx->step_sign == 0)
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
           errmsg("step size cannot equal zero")));

    if (INTERVAL_NOT_FINITE((&fctx->step)))
      ereport(ERROR,
          (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
           errmsg("step size cannot be infinite")));

    funcctx->user_fctx = fctx;
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
  }

  /* stuff done on every call of the function */
  funcctx = SRF_PERCALL_SETUP();

  /*
   * get the saved state and use current as the result for this iteration
   */
  fctx = funcctx->user_fctx;
  result = fctx->current;

  if (fctx->step_sign > 0 ?
    timestamp_cmp_internal(result, fctx->finish) <= 0 :
    timestamp_cmp_internal(result, fctx->finish) >= 0)
  {
    /* increment current in preparation for next iteration */
    fctx->current = timestamptz_pl_interval_internal(fctx->current,
                             &fctx->step,
                             fctx->attimezone);

    /* do when there is more left to send */
    SRF_RETURN_NEXT(funcctx, TimestampTzGetDatum(result));
  }
  else
  {
    /* do when there is no more left */
    SRF_RETURN_DONE(funcctx);
  }
}

Datum
generate_series_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return generate_series_timestamptz_internal(fcinfo);
}

Datum
generate_series_timestamptz_at_zone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return generate_series_timestamptz_internal(fcinfo);
}

/*
 * Planner support function for generate_series(timestamp, timestamp, interval)
 */
Datum
generate_series_timestamp_support(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  Node     *rawreq = (Node *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
  Node     *ret = NULL;

  if (IsA(rawreq, SupportRequestRows))
  {
    /* Try to estimate the number of rows returned */
    SupportRequestRows *req = (SupportRequestRows *) rawreq;

    if (is_funcclause(req->node)) /* be paranoid */
    {
      List     *args = ((FuncExpr *) req->node)->args;
      Node     *arg1,
             *arg2,
             *arg3;

      /* We can use estimated argument values here */
      arg1 = estimate_expression_value(req->root, linitial(args));
      arg2 = estimate_expression_value(req->root, lsecond(args));
      arg3 = estimate_expression_value(req->root, lthird(args));

      /*
       * If any argument is constant NULL, we can safely assume that
       * zero rows are returned.  Otherwise, if they're all non-NULL
       * constants, we can calculate the number of rows that will be
       * returned.
       */
      if ((IsA(arg1, Const) && ((Const *) arg1)->constisnull) ||
        (IsA(arg2, Const) && ((Const *) arg2)->constisnull) ||
        (IsA(arg3, Const) && ((Const *) arg3)->constisnull))
      {
        req->rows = 0;
        ret = (Node *) req;
      }
      else if (IsA(arg1, Const) && IsA(arg2, Const) && IsA(arg3, Const))
      {
        Timestamp start,
              finish;
        Interval   *step;
        Datum   diff;
        double    dstep;
        int64   dummy;

        start = DatumGetTimestamp(((Const *) arg1)->constvalue);
        finish = DatumGetTimestamp(((Const *) arg2)->constvalue);
        step = DatumGetIntervalP(((Const *) arg3)->constvalue);

        /*
         * Perform some prechecks which could cause timestamp_mi to
         * raise an ERROR.  It's much better to just return some
         * default estimate than error out in a support function.
         */
        if (!TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(start) && !TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(finish) &&
          !pg_sub_s64_overflow(finish, start, &dummy))
        {
          diff = DirectFunctionCall2(timestamp_mi,
                         TimestampGetDatum(finish),
                         TimestampGetDatum(start));

#define INTERVAL_TO_MICROSECONDS(i) ((((double) (i)->month * DAYS_PER_MONTH + (i)->day)) * USECS_PER_DAY + (i)->time)

          dstep = INTERVAL_TO_MICROSECONDS(step);

          /* This equation works for either sign of step */
          if (dstep != 0.0)
          {
            Interval   *idiff = DatumGetIntervalP(diff);
            double    ddiff = INTERVAL_TO_MICROSECONDS(idiff);

            req->rows = floor(ddiff / dstep + 1.0);
            ret = (Node *) req;
          }
#undef INTERVAL_TO_MICROSECONDS
        }
      }
    }
  }

  PG_RETURN_POINTER(ret);
}


/*
 * timestamp_at_local()
 * timestamptz_at_local()
 *
 * The regression tests do not like two functions with the same proargs and
 * prosrc but different proname, but the grammar for AT LOCAL needs an
 * overloaded name to handle both types of timestamp, so we make simple
 * wrappers for it.
 */
Datum
timestamp_at_local(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return timestamp_timestamptz(fcinfo);
}

Datum
timestamptz_at_local(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
  return timestamptz_timestamp(fcinfo);
}

Coverage Report

Created: 2026-08-13 07:12