/******************************************************************************

 *

 * Project:  PROJ

 * Purpose:  ISO19111:2019 implementation

 * Author:   Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys dot com>

 *

 ******************************************************************************

 * Copyright (c) 2018, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys dot com>

 *

 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a

 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),

 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation

 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,

 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the

 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

 *

 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included

 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

 *

 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS

 * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL

 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER

 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING

 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER

 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

 ****************************************************************************/

#ifndef CRS_HH_INCLUDED

#define CRS_HH_INCLUDED

#include <memory>

#include <string>

#include <vector>

#include "common.hpp"

#include "coordinateoperation.hpp"

#include "coordinatesystem.hpp"

#include "datum.hpp"

#include "io.hpp"

#include "util.hpp"

NS_PROJ_START

/** osgeo.proj.crs namespace

    \brief CRS (coordinate reference system = coordinate system with a datum).

*/

namespace crs {

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class GeographicCRS;

/** Shared pointer of GeographicCRS */

using GeographicCRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<GeographicCRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of GeographicCRS */

using GeographicCRSNNPtr = util::nn<GeographicCRSPtr>;

class VerticalCRS;

/** Shared pointer of VerticalCRS */

using VerticalCRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<VerticalCRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of VerticalCRS */

using VerticalCRSNNPtr = util::nn<VerticalCRSPtr>;

class BoundCRS;

/** Shared pointer of BoundCRS */

using BoundCRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<BoundCRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of BoundCRS */

using BoundCRSNNPtr = util::nn<BoundCRSPtr>;

class CompoundCRS;

/** Shared pointer of CompoundCRS */

using CompoundCRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<CompoundCRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of CompoundCRS */

using CompoundCRSNNPtr = util::nn<CompoundCRSPtr>;

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class CRS;

/** Shared pointer of CRS */

using CRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<CRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of CRS */

using CRSNNPtr = util::nn<CRSPtr>;

/** \brief Abstract class modelling a coordinate reference system which is

 * usually single but may be compound.

 *

 * \remark Implements CRS from \ref ISO_19111_2019

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL CRS : public common::ObjectUsage,

                         public io::IJSONExportable {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~CRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    // Non-standard

    PROJ_DLL bool isDynamic(bool considerWGS84AsDynamic = false) const;

    PROJ_DLL GeodeticCRSPtr extractGeodeticCRS() const;

    PROJ_DLL GeographicCRSPtr extractGeographicCRS() const;

    PROJ_DLL VerticalCRSPtr extractVerticalCRS() const;

    PROJ_DLL CRSNNPtr createBoundCRSToWGS84IfPossible(

        const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext,

        operation::CoordinateOperationContext::IntermediateCRSUse

            allowIntermediateCRSUse) const;

    PROJ_DLL CRSNNPtr stripVerticalComponent() const;

    PROJ_DLL const BoundCRSPtr &canonicalBoundCRS() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL std::list<std::pair<CRSNNPtr, int>>

    identify(const io::AuthorityFactoryPtr &authorityFactory) const;

    PROJ_DLL std::list<CRSNNPtr>

    getNonDeprecated(const io::DatabaseContextNNPtr &dbContext) const;

    PROJ_DLL CRSNNPtr

    promoteTo3D(const std::string &newName,

                const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext) const;

    PROJ_DLL CRSNNPtr demoteTo2D(const std::string &newName,

                                 const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext) const;

    PROJ_PRIVATE :

        //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

        PROJ_INTERNAL const GeodeticCRS *

        extractGeodeticCRSRaw() const;

    PROJ_FOR_TEST CRSNNPtr shallowClone() const;

    PROJ_FOR_TEST CRSNNPtr alterName(const std::string &newName) const;

    PROJ_FOR_TEST CRSNNPtr alterId(const std::string &authName,

                                   const std::string &code) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL const std::string &getExtensionProj4() const noexcept;

    PROJ_FOR_TEST CRSNNPtr

    alterGeodeticCRS(const GeodeticCRSNNPtr &newGeodCRS) const;

    PROJ_FOR_TEST CRSNNPtr

    alterCSLinearUnit(const common::UnitOfMeasure &unit) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool mustAxisOrderBeSwitchedForVisualization() const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool hasNoHorizontalAxes() const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr applyAxisOrderReversal(const char *nameSuffix) const;

    PROJ_FOR_TEST CRSNNPtr normalizeForVisualization() const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr allowNonConformantWKT1Export() const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr

    attachOriginalCompoundCRS(const CompoundCRSNNPtr &compoundCRS) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr promoteTo3D(

        const std::string &newName, const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext,

        const cs::CoordinateSystemAxisNNPtr &verticalAxisIfNotAlreadyPresent)

        const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool hasImplicitCS() const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool hasOver() const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL static CRSNNPtr

    getResolvedCRS(const CRSNNPtr &crs,

                   const io::AuthorityFactoryPtr &authFactory,

                   metadata::ExtentPtr &extentOut);

    PROJ_INTERNAL std::string getOriginatingAuthName() const;

    //! @endcond

  protected:

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRS();

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRS(const CRS &other);

    friend class BoundCRS;

    PROJ_INTERNAL void setCanonicalBoundCRS(const BoundCRSNNPtr &boundCRS);

    PROJ_INTERNAL virtual CRSNNPtr _shallowClone() const = 0;

    PROJ_INTERNAL virtual std::list<std::pair<CRSNNPtr, int>>

    _identify(const io::AuthorityFactoryPtr &authorityFactory) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL void

    setProperties(const util::PropertyMap

                      &properties); // throw(InvalidValueTypeException)

  private:

    PROJ_OPAQUE_PRIVATE_DATA

};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/** \brief Abstract class modelling a coordinate reference system consisting of

 * one Coordinate System and either one datum::Datum or one

 * datum::DatumEnsemble.

 *

 * \remark Implements SingleCRS from \ref ISO_19111_2019

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL SingleCRS : public CRS {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~SingleCRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL const datum::DatumPtr &datum() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL const datum::DatumEnsemblePtr &datumEnsemble() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL const cs::CoordinateSystemNNPtr &coordinateSystem() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_PRIVATE :

        //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

        PROJ_INTERNAL void

        exportDatumOrDatumEnsembleToWkt(io::WKTFormatter *formatter)

            const; // throw(io::FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL const datum::DatumNNPtr

    datumNonNull(const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext) const;

    //! @endcond

  protected:

    PROJ_INTERNAL SingleCRS(const datum::DatumPtr &datumIn,

                            const datum::DatumEnsemblePtr &datumEnsembleIn,

                            const cs::CoordinateSystemNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_INTERNAL SingleCRS(const SingleCRS &other);

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool

    baseIsEquivalentTo(const util::IComparable *other,

                       util::IComparable::Criterion criterion =

                           util::IComparable::Criterion::STRICT,

                       const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext = nullptr) const;

  private:

    PROJ_OPAQUE_PRIVATE_DATA

    SingleCRS &operator=(const SingleCRS &other) = delete;

};

/** Shared pointer of SingleCRS */

using SingleCRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<SingleCRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of SingleCRS */

using SingleCRSNNPtr = util::nn<SingleCRSPtr>;

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class GeodeticCRS;

/** Shared pointer of GeodeticCRS */

using GeodeticCRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<GeodeticCRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of GeodeticCRS */

using GeodeticCRSNNPtr = util::nn<GeodeticCRSPtr>;

/** \brief A coordinate reference system associated with a geodetic reference

 * frame and a three-dimensional Cartesian or spherical coordinate system.

 *

 * If the geodetic reference frame is dynamic or if the geodetic CRS has an

 * association to a velocity model then the geodetic CRS is dynamic, else it

 * is static.

 *

 * \remark Implements GeodeticCRS from \ref ISO_19111_2019

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL GeodeticCRS : virtual public SingleCRS,

                                 public io::IPROJStringExportable {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~GeodeticCRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL const datum::GeodeticReferenceFramePtr &datum() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL const datum::PrimeMeridianNNPtr &primeMeridian() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL const datum::EllipsoidNNPtr &ellipsoid() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    // coordinateSystem() returns either a EllipsoidalCS, SphericalCS or

    // CartesianCS

    PROJ_DLL const std::vector<operation::PointMotionOperationNNPtr> &

    velocityModel() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    // Non-standard

    PROJ_DLL bool isGeocentric() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL bool isSphericalPlanetocentric() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL static GeodeticCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const datum::GeodeticReferenceFrameNNPtr &datum,

           const cs::SphericalCSNNPtr &cs);

    PROJ_DLL static GeodeticCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const datum::GeodeticReferenceFrameNNPtr &datum,

           const cs::CartesianCSNNPtr &cs);

    PROJ_DLL static GeodeticCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const datum::GeodeticReferenceFramePtr &datum,

           const datum::DatumEnsemblePtr &datumEnsemble,

           const cs::SphericalCSNNPtr &cs);

    PROJ_DLL static GeodeticCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const datum::GeodeticReferenceFramePtr &datum,

           const datum::DatumEnsemblePtr &datumEnsemble,

           const cs::CartesianCSNNPtr &cs);

    PROJ_DLL static const GeodeticCRSNNPtr EPSG_4978; // WGS 84 Geocentric

    PROJ_DLL std::list<std::pair<GeodeticCRSNNPtr, int>>

    identify(const io::AuthorityFactoryPtr &authorityFactory) const;

    PROJ_PRIVATE :

        //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

        PROJ_INTERNAL void

        addDatumInfoToPROJString(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL const datum::GeodeticReferenceFrameNNPtr

    datumNonNull(const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL void addGeocentricUnitConversionIntoPROJString(

        io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL void addAxisSwap(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL void

    addAngularUnitConvertAndAxisSwap(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToWKT(io::WKTFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(io::FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToPROJString(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToJSON(io::JSONFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool _isEquivalentTo(

        const util::IComparable *other,

        util::IComparable::Criterion criterion =

            util::IComparable::Criterion::STRICT,

        const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext = nullptr) const override;

    //! @endcond

  protected:

    PROJ_INTERNAL GeodeticCRS(const datum::GeodeticReferenceFramePtr &datumIn,

                              const datum::DatumEnsemblePtr &datumEnsembleIn,

                              const cs::EllipsoidalCSNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_INTERNAL GeodeticCRS(const datum::GeodeticReferenceFramePtr &datumIn,

                              const datum::DatumEnsemblePtr &datumEnsembleIn,

                              const cs::SphericalCSNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_INTERNAL GeodeticCRS(const datum::GeodeticReferenceFramePtr &datumIn,

                              const datum::DatumEnsemblePtr &datumEnsembleIn,

                              const cs::CartesianCSNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_INTERNAL GeodeticCRS(const GeodeticCRS &other);

    PROJ_INTERNAL static GeodeticCRSNNPtr createEPSG_4978();

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr _shallowClone() const override;

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToJSONInternal(

        io::JSONFormatter *formatter,

        const char *objectName) const; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL std::list<std::pair<CRSNNPtr, int>>

    _identify(const io::AuthorityFactoryPtr &authorityFactory) const override;

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool

    _isEquivalentToNoTypeCheck(const util::IComparable *other,

                               util::IComparable::Criterion criterion,

                               const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext) const;

    INLINED_MAKE_SHARED

  private:

    PROJ_OPAQUE_PRIVATE_DATA

    GeodeticCRS &operator=(const GeodeticCRS &other) = delete;

};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/** \brief A coordinate reference system associated with a geodetic reference

 * frame and a two- or three-dimensional ellipsoidal coordinate system.

 *

 * If the geodetic reference frame is dynamic or if the geographic CRS has an

 * association to a velocity model then the geodetic CRS is dynamic, else it is

 * static.

 *

 * \remark Implements GeographicCRS from \ref ISO_19111_2019

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL GeographicCRS : public GeodeticCRS {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~GeographicCRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL const cs::EllipsoidalCSNNPtr &coordinateSystem() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    // Non-standard

    PROJ_DLL static GeographicCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const datum::GeodeticReferenceFrameNNPtr &datum,

           const cs::EllipsoidalCSNNPtr &cs);

    PROJ_DLL static GeographicCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const datum::GeodeticReferenceFramePtr &datum,

           const datum::DatumEnsemblePtr &datumEnsemble,

           const cs::EllipsoidalCSNNPtr &cs);

    PROJ_DLL GeographicCRSNNPtr

    demoteTo2D(const std::string &newName,

               const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext) const;

    PROJ_DLL static const GeographicCRSNNPtr EPSG_4267; // NAD27

    PROJ_DLL static const GeographicCRSNNPtr EPSG_4269; // NAD83

    PROJ_DLL static const GeographicCRSNNPtr EPSG_4326; // WGS 84 2D

    PROJ_DLL static const GeographicCRSNNPtr OGC_CRS84; // CRS84 (Long, Lat)

    PROJ_DLL static const GeographicCRSNNPtr EPSG_4807; // NTF Paris

    PROJ_DLL static const GeographicCRSNNPtr EPSG_4979; // WGS 84 3D

    PROJ_PRIVATE :

        //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

        PROJ_INTERNAL void

        _exportToPROJString(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter)

            const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToJSON(io::JSONFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_DLL bool is2DPartOf3D(

        util::nn<const GeographicCRS *> other,

        const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext = nullptr) PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool _isEquivalentTo(

        const util::IComparable *other,

        util::IComparable::Criterion criterion =

            util::IComparable::Criterion::STRICT,

        const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext = nullptr) const override;

    //! @endcond

  protected:

    PROJ_INTERNAL GeographicCRS(const datum::GeodeticReferenceFramePtr &datumIn,

                                const datum::DatumEnsemblePtr &datumEnsembleIn,

                                const cs::EllipsoidalCSNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_INTERNAL GeographicCRS(const GeographicCRS &other);

    PROJ_INTERNAL static GeographicCRSNNPtr createEPSG_4267();

    PROJ_INTERNAL static GeographicCRSNNPtr createEPSG_4269();

    PROJ_INTERNAL static GeographicCRSNNPtr createEPSG_4326();

    PROJ_INTERNAL static GeographicCRSNNPtr createOGC_CRS84();

    PROJ_INTERNAL static GeographicCRSNNPtr createEPSG_4807();

    PROJ_INTERNAL static GeographicCRSNNPtr createEPSG_4979();

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr _shallowClone() const override;

    INLINED_MAKE_SHARED

  private:

    PROJ_OPAQUE_PRIVATE_DATA

    GeographicCRS &operator=(const GeographicCRS &other) = delete;

};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/** \brief A coordinate reference system having a vertical reference frame and

 * a one-dimensional vertical coordinate system used for recording

 * gravity-related heights or depths.

 *

 * Vertical CRSs make use of the direction of gravity to define the concept of

 * height or depth, but the relationship with gravity may not be

 * straightforward. If the vertical reference frame is dynamic or if the

 * vertical CRS has an association to a velocity model then the CRS is dynamic,

 * else it is static.

 *

 * \note Ellipsoidal heights cannot be captured in a vertical coordinate

 * reference system. They exist only as an inseparable part of a 3D coordinate

 * tuple defined in a geographic 3D coordinate reference system.

 *

 * \remark Implements VerticalCRS from \ref ISO_19111_2019

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL VerticalCRS : virtual public SingleCRS,

                                 public io::IPROJStringExportable {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~VerticalCRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL const datum::VerticalReferenceFramePtr datum() const;

    PROJ_DLL const cs::VerticalCSNNPtr coordinateSystem() const;

    PROJ_DLL const std::vector<operation::TransformationNNPtr> &

    geoidModel() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL const std::vector<operation::PointMotionOperationNNPtr> &

    velocityModel() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL static VerticalCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const datum::VerticalReferenceFrameNNPtr &datumIn,

           const cs::VerticalCSNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_DLL static VerticalCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const datum::VerticalReferenceFramePtr &datumIn,

           const datum::DatumEnsemblePtr &datumEnsembleIn,

           const cs::VerticalCSNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_DLL std::list<std::pair<VerticalCRSNNPtr, int>>

    identify(const io::AuthorityFactoryPtr &authorityFactory) const;

    PROJ_PRIVATE :

        //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

        PROJ_INTERNAL void

        addLinearUnitConvert(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL const datum::VerticalReferenceFrameNNPtr

    datumNonNull(const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToWKT(io::WKTFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(io::FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToPROJString(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToJSON(io::JSONFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool _isEquivalentTo(

        const util::IComparable *other,

        util::IComparable::Criterion criterion =

            util::IComparable::Criterion::STRICT,

        const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext = nullptr) const override;

    //! @endcond

  protected:

    PROJ_INTERNAL VerticalCRS(const datum::VerticalReferenceFramePtr &datumIn,

                              const datum::DatumEnsemblePtr &datumEnsembleIn,

                              const cs::VerticalCSNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_INTERNAL VerticalCRS(const VerticalCRS &other);

    PROJ_INTERNAL std::list<std::pair<CRSNNPtr, int>>

    _identify(const io::AuthorityFactoryPtr &authorityFactory) const override;

    INLINED_MAKE_SHARED

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr _shallowClone() const override;

  private:

    PROJ_OPAQUE_PRIVATE_DATA

    VerticalCRS &operator=(const VerticalCRS &other) = delete;

};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/** \brief Abstract class modelling a single coordinate reference system that

 * is defined through the application of a specified coordinate conversion to

 * the definition of a previously established single coordinate reference

 * system referred to as the base CRS.

 *

 * A derived coordinate reference system inherits its datum (or datum ensemble)

 * from its base CRS. The coordinate conversion between the base and derived

 * coordinate reference system is implemented using the parameters and

 * formula(s) specified in the definition of the coordinate conversion.

 *

 * \remark Implements DerivedCRS from \ref ISO_19111_2019

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL DerivedCRS : virtual public SingleCRS {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~DerivedCRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL const SingleCRSNNPtr &baseCRS() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL const operation::ConversionNNPtr derivingConversion() const;

    PROJ_PRIVATE :

        //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

        // Use this method with extreme care ! It should never be used

        // to recreate a new Derived/ProjectedCRS !

        PROJ_INTERNAL const operation::ConversionNNPtr &

        derivingConversionRef() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToJSON(io::JSONFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    //! @endcond

  protected:

    PROJ_INTERNAL

    DerivedCRS(const SingleCRSNNPtr &baseCRSIn,

               const operation::ConversionNNPtr &derivingConversionIn,

               const cs::CoordinateSystemNNPtr &cs);

    PROJ_INTERNAL DerivedCRS(const DerivedCRS &other);

    PROJ_INTERNAL void setDerivingConversionCRS();

    PROJ_INTERNAL void baseExportToWKT(

        io::WKTFormatter *formatter, const std::string &keyword,

        const std::string &baseKeyword) const; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool _isEquivalentTo(

        const util::IComparable *other,

        util::IComparable::Criterion criterion =

            util::IComparable::Criterion::STRICT,

        const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext = nullptr) const override;

    PROJ_INTERNAL virtual const char *className() const = 0;

  private:

    PROJ_OPAQUE_PRIVATE_DATA

    DerivedCRS &operator=(const DerivedCRS &other) = delete;

};

/** Shared pointer of DerivedCRS */

using DerivedCRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<DerivedCRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of DerivedCRS */

using DerivedCRSNNPtr = util::nn<DerivedCRSPtr>;

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class ProjectedCRS;

/** Shared pointer of ProjectedCRS */

using ProjectedCRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<ProjectedCRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of ProjectedCRS */

using ProjectedCRSNNPtr = util::nn<ProjectedCRSPtr>;

/** \brief A derived coordinate reference system which has a geodetic

 * (usually geographic) coordinate reference system as its base CRS, thereby

 * inheriting a geodetic reference frame, and is converted using a map

 * projection.

 *

 * It has a Cartesian coordinate system, usually two-dimensional but may be

 * three-dimensional; in the 3D case the base geographic CRSs ellipsoidal

 * height is passed through unchanged and forms the vertical axis of the

 * projected CRS's Cartesian coordinate system.

 *

 * \remark Implements ProjectedCRS from \ref ISO_19111_2019

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL ProjectedCRS final : public DerivedCRS,

                                        public io::IPROJStringExportable {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~ProjectedCRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL const GeodeticCRSNNPtr &baseCRS() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL const cs::CartesianCSNNPtr &coordinateSystem() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL static ProjectedCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const GeodeticCRSNNPtr &baseCRSIn,

           const operation::ConversionNNPtr &derivingConversionIn,

           const cs::CartesianCSNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_DLL std::list<std::pair<ProjectedCRSNNPtr, int>>

    identify(const io::AuthorityFactoryPtr &authorityFactory) const;

    PROJ_DLL ProjectedCRSNNPtr

    demoteTo2D(const std::string &newName,

               const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext) const;

    PROJ_PRIVATE :

        //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

        PROJ_INTERNAL void

        addUnitConvertAndAxisSwap(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter,

                                  bool axisSpecFound) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL static void addUnitConvertAndAxisSwap(

        const std::vector<cs::CoordinateSystemAxisNNPtr> &axisListIn,

        io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter, bool axisSpecFound);

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToWKT(io::WKTFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(io::FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToJSON(io::JSONFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_FOR_TEST ProjectedCRSNNPtr alterParametersLinearUnit(

        const common::UnitOfMeasure &unit, bool convertToNewUnit) const;

    //! @endcond

  protected:

    PROJ_INTERNAL

    ProjectedCRS(const GeodeticCRSNNPtr &baseCRSIn,

                 const operation::ConversionNNPtr &derivingConversionIn,

                 const cs::CartesianCSNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_INTERNAL ProjectedCRS(const ProjectedCRS &other);

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToPROJString(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool _isEquivalentTo(

        const util::IComparable *other,

        util::IComparable::Criterion criterion =

            util::IComparable::Criterion::STRICT,

        const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext = nullptr) const override;

    PROJ_INTERNAL std::list<std::pair<CRSNNPtr, int>>

    _identify(const io::AuthorityFactoryPtr &authorityFactory) const override;

    PROJ_INTERNAL const char *className() const override {

        return "ProjectedCRS";

    }

    INLINED_MAKE_SHARED

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr _shallowClone() const override;

  private:

    PROJ_OPAQUE_PRIVATE_DATA

    ProjectedCRS &operator=(const ProjectedCRS &other) = delete;

};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TemporalCRS;

/** Shared pointer of TemporalCRS */

using TemporalCRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<TemporalCRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of TemporalCRS */

using TemporalCRSNNPtr = util::nn<TemporalCRSPtr>;

/** \brief A coordinate reference system associated with a temporal datum and a

 * one-dimensional temporal coordinate system.

 *

 * \remark Implements TemporalCRS from \ref ISO_19111_2019

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL TemporalCRS : virtual public SingleCRS {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~TemporalCRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL const datum::TemporalDatumNNPtr datum() const;

    PROJ_DLL const cs::TemporalCSNNPtr coordinateSystem() const;

    PROJ_DLL static TemporalCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const datum::TemporalDatumNNPtr &datumIn,

           const cs::TemporalCSNNPtr &csIn);

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToWKT(io::WKTFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(io::FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToJSON(io::JSONFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    //! @endcond

  protected:

    PROJ_INTERNAL TemporalCRS(const datum::TemporalDatumNNPtr &datumIn,

                              const cs::TemporalCSNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_INTERNAL TemporalCRS(const TemporalCRS &other);

    INLINED_MAKE_SHARED

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr _shallowClone() const override;

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool _isEquivalentTo(

        const util::IComparable *other,

        util::IComparable::Criterion criterion =

            util::IComparable::Criterion::STRICT,

        const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext = nullptr) const override;

  private:

    PROJ_OPAQUE_PRIVATE_DATA

    TemporalCRS &operator=(const TemporalCRS &other) = delete;

};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class EngineeringCRS;

/** Shared pointer of EngineeringCRS */

using EngineeringCRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<EngineeringCRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of EngineeringCRS */

using EngineeringCRSNNPtr = util::nn<EngineeringCRSPtr>;

/** \brief Contextually local coordinate reference system associated with an

 * engineering datum.

 *

 * It is applied either to activities on or near the surface of the Earth

 * without geodetic corrections, or on moving platforms such as road vehicles,

 * vessels, aircraft or spacecraft, or as the internal CRS of an image.

 *

 * In \ref WKT2, it maps to a ENGINEERINGCRS / ENGCRS keyword. In \ref WKT1,

 * it maps to a LOCAL_CS keyword.

 *

 * \remark Implements EngineeringCRS from \ref ISO_19111_2019

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL EngineeringCRS : virtual public SingleCRS {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~EngineeringCRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL const datum::EngineeringDatumNNPtr datum() const;

    PROJ_DLL static EngineeringCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const datum::EngineeringDatumNNPtr &datumIn,

           const cs::CoordinateSystemNNPtr &csIn);

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToWKT(io::WKTFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(io::FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToJSON(io::JSONFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    //! @endcond

  protected:

    PROJ_INTERNAL EngineeringCRS(const datum::EngineeringDatumNNPtr &datumIn,

                                 const cs::CoordinateSystemNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_INTERNAL EngineeringCRS(const EngineeringCRS &other);

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr _shallowClone() const override;

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool _isEquivalentTo(

        const util::IComparable *other,

        util::IComparable::Criterion criterion =

            util::IComparable::Criterion::STRICT,

        const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext = nullptr) const override;

    INLINED_MAKE_SHARED

  private:

    PROJ_OPAQUE_PRIVATE_DATA

    EngineeringCRS &operator=(const EngineeringCRS &other) = delete;

};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class ParametricCRS;

/** Shared pointer of ParametricCRS */

using ParametricCRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<ParametricCRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of ParametricCRS */

using ParametricCRSNNPtr = util::nn<ParametricCRSPtr>;

/** \brief Contextually local coordinate reference system associated with an

 * engineering datum.

 *

 * This is applied either to activities on or near the surface of the Earth

 * without geodetic corrections, or on moving platforms such as road vehicles

 * vessels, aircraft or spacecraft, or as the internal CRS of an image.

 *

 * \remark Implements ParametricCRS from \ref ISO_19111_2019

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL ParametricCRS : virtual public SingleCRS {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~ParametricCRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL const datum::ParametricDatumNNPtr datum() const;

    PROJ_DLL const cs::ParametricCSNNPtr coordinateSystem() const;

    PROJ_DLL static ParametricCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const datum::ParametricDatumNNPtr &datumIn,

           const cs::ParametricCSNNPtr &csIn);

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToWKT(io::WKTFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(io::FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToJSON(io::JSONFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    //! @endcond

  protected:

    PROJ_INTERNAL ParametricCRS(const datum::ParametricDatumNNPtr &datumIn,

                                const cs::ParametricCSNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_INTERNAL ParametricCRS(const ParametricCRS &other);

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr _shallowClone() const override;

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool _isEquivalentTo(

        const util::IComparable *other,

        util::IComparable::Criterion criterion =

            util::IComparable::Criterion::STRICT,

        const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext = nullptr) const override;

    INLINED_MAKE_SHARED

  private:

    PROJ_OPAQUE_PRIVATE_DATA

    ParametricCRS &operator=(const ParametricCRS &other) = delete;

};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/** \brief Exception thrown when attempting to create an invalid compound CRS

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL InvalidCompoundCRSException : public util::Exception {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_INTERNAL explicit InvalidCompoundCRSException(const char *message);

    PROJ_INTERNAL explicit InvalidCompoundCRSException(

        const std::string &message);

    PROJ_DLL

    InvalidCompoundCRSException(const InvalidCompoundCRSException &other);

    PROJ_DLL ~InvalidCompoundCRSException() override;

    //! @endcond

};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/** \brief A coordinate reference system describing the position of points

 * through two or more independent single coordinate reference systems.

 *

 * \note Two coordinate reference systems are independent of each other

 * if coordinate values in one cannot be converted or transformed into

 * coordinate values in the other.

 *

 * \note As a departure to \ref ISO_19111_2019, we allow to build a CompoundCRS

 * from CRS objects, whereas ISO19111:2019 restricts the components to

 * SingleCRS.

 *

 * \remark Implements CompoundCRS from \ref ISO_19111_2019

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL CompoundCRS final : public CRS,

                                       public io::IPROJStringExportable {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~CompoundCRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL const std::vector<CRSNNPtr> &

    componentReferenceSystems() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL std::list<std::pair<CompoundCRSNNPtr, int>>

    identify(const io::AuthorityFactoryPtr &authorityFactory) const;

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToWKT(io::WKTFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(io::FormattingException)

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL static CompoundCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const std::vector<CRSNNPtr>

               &components); // throw InvalidCompoundCRSException

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_INTERNAL static CRSNNPtr

    createLax(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

              const std::vector<CRSNNPtr> &components,

              const io::DatabaseContextPtr

                  &dbContext); // throw InvalidCompoundCRSException

                               //! @endcond

  protected:

    // relaxed: standard say SingleCRSNNPtr

    PROJ_INTERNAL explicit CompoundCRS(const std::vector<CRSNNPtr> &components);

    PROJ_INTERNAL CompoundCRS(const CompoundCRS &other);

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToPROJString(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToJSON(io::JSONFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr _shallowClone() const override;

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool _isEquivalentTo(

        const util::IComparable *other,

        util::IComparable::Criterion criterion =

            util::IComparable::Criterion::STRICT,

        const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext = nullptr) const override;

    PROJ_INTERNAL std::list<std::pair<CRSNNPtr, int>>

    _identify(const io::AuthorityFactoryPtr &authorityFactory) const override;

    INLINED_MAKE_SHARED

  private:

    PROJ_OPAQUE_PRIVATE_DATA

    CompoundCRS &operator=(const CompoundCRS &other) = delete;

};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/** \brief A coordinate reference system with an associated transformation to

 * a target/hub CRS.

 *

 * The definition of a CRS is not dependent upon any relationship to an

 * independent CRS. However in an implementation that merges datasets

 * referenced to differing CRSs, it is sometimes useful to associate the

 * definition of the transformation that has been used with the CRS definition.

 * This facilitates the interrelationship of CRS by concatenating

 * transformations via a common or hub CRS. This is sometimes referred to as

 * "early-binding". \ref WKT2 permits the association of an abridged coordinate

 * transformation description with a coordinate reference system description in

 * a single text string. In a BoundCRS, the abridged coordinate transformation

 * is applied to the source CRS with the target CRS being the common or hub

 * system.

 *

 * Coordinates referring to a BoundCRS are expressed into its source/base CRS.

 *

 * This abstraction can for example model the concept of TOWGS84 datum shift

 * present in \ref WKT1.

 *

 * \note Contrary to other CRS classes of this package, there is no

 * \ref ISO_19111_2019 modelling of a BoundCRS.

 *

 * \remark Implements BoundCRS from \ref WKT2

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL BoundCRS final : public CRS,

                                    public io::IPROJStringExportable {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~BoundCRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL const CRSNNPtr &baseCRS() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL CRSNNPtr baseCRSWithCanonicalBoundCRS() const;

    PROJ_DLL const CRSNNPtr &hubCRS() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    PROJ_DLL const operation::TransformationNNPtr &

    transformation() PROJ_PURE_DECL;

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToWKT(io::WKTFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(io::FormattingException)

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL static BoundCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties, const CRSNNPtr &baseCRSIn,

           const CRSNNPtr &hubCRSIn,

           const operation::TransformationNNPtr &transformationIn);

    PROJ_DLL static BoundCRSNNPtr

    create(const CRSNNPtr &baseCRSIn, const CRSNNPtr &hubCRSIn,

           const operation::TransformationNNPtr &transformationIn);

    PROJ_DLL static BoundCRSNNPtr

    createFromTOWGS84(const CRSNNPtr &baseCRSIn,

                      const std::vector<double> &TOWGS84Parameters);

    PROJ_DLL static BoundCRSNNPtr

    createFromNadgrids(const CRSNNPtr &baseCRSIn, const std::string &filename);

  protected:

    PROJ_INTERNAL

    BoundCRS(const CRSNNPtr &baseCRSIn, const CRSNNPtr &hubCRSIn,

             const operation::TransformationNNPtr &transformationIn);

    PROJ_INTERNAL BoundCRS(const BoundCRS &other);

    PROJ_INTERNAL CRSNNPtr _shallowClone() const override;

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToPROJString(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL void _exportToJSON(io::JSONFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool _isEquivalentTo(

        const util::IComparable *other,

        util::IComparable::Criterion criterion =

            util::IComparable::Criterion::STRICT,

        const io::DatabaseContextPtr &dbContext = nullptr) const override;

    PROJ_INTERNAL BoundCRSNNPtr shallowCloneAsBoundCRS() const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL bool isTOWGS84Compatible() const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL std::string

    getHDatumPROJ4GRIDS(const io::DatabaseContextPtr &databaseContext) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL std::string

    getVDatumPROJ4GRIDS(const crs::GeographicCRS *geogCRSOfCompoundCRS,

                        const char **outGeoidCRSValue) const;

    PROJ_INTERNAL std::list<std::pair<CRSNNPtr, int>>

    _identify(const io::AuthorityFactoryPtr &authorityFactory) const override;

    INLINED_MAKE_SHARED

  private:

    PROJ_OPAQUE_PRIVATE_DATA

    BoundCRS &operator=(const BoundCRS &other) = delete;

};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class DerivedGeodeticCRS;

/** Shared pointer of DerivedGeodeticCRS */

using DerivedGeodeticCRSPtr = std::shared_ptr<DerivedGeodeticCRS>;

/** Non-null shared pointer of DerivedGeodeticCRS */

using DerivedGeodeticCRSNNPtr = util::nn<DerivedGeodeticCRSPtr>;

/** \brief A derived coordinate reference system which has either a geodetic

 * or a geographic coordinate reference system as its base CRS, thereby

 * inheriting a geodetic reference frame, and associated with a 3D Cartesian

 * or spherical coordinate system.

 *

 * \remark Implements DerivedGeodeticCRS from \ref ISO_19111_2019

 */

class PROJ_GCC_DLL DerivedGeodeticCRS final : public GeodeticCRS,

                                              public DerivedCRS {

  public:

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    PROJ_DLL ~DerivedGeodeticCRS() override;

    //! @endcond

    PROJ_DLL const GeodeticCRSNNPtr baseCRS() const;

    PROJ_DLL static DerivedGeodeticCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const GeodeticCRSNNPtr &baseCRSIn,

           const operation::ConversionNNPtr &derivingConversionIn,

           const cs::CartesianCSNNPtr &csIn);

    PROJ_DLL static DerivedGeodeticCRSNNPtr

    create(const util::PropertyMap &properties,

           const GeodeticCRSNNPtr &baseCRSIn,

           const operation::ConversionNNPtr &derivingConversionIn,

           const cs::SphericalCSNNPtr &csIn);

    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress

    void _exportToWKT(io::WKTFormatter *formatter)

        const override; // throw(io::FormattingException)

    PROJ_INTERNAL void

    _exportToJSON(io::JSONFormatter *formatter) const override {

        return DerivedCRS::_exportToJSON(formatter);

    }

    //! @endcond

  protected:

    PROJ_INTERNAL