/src/pugixml/src/pugixml.cpp

Source
/**
 * pugixml parser - version 1.15
 * --------------------------------------------------------
 * Report bugs and download new versions at https://pugixml.org/
 *
 * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2006-2025, by Arseny Kapoulkine (arseny.kapoulkine@gmail.com)
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 *
 * See LICENSE.md or notice at the end of this file.
 */

#ifndef SOURCE_PUGIXML_CPP
#define SOURCE_PUGIXML_CPP

#include "pugixml.hpp"

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <limits.h>

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
# include <wchar.h>
#endif

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_XPATH
# include <math.h>
# include <float.h>
#endif

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
# include <istream>
# include <ostream>
# include <string>
#endif

// For placement new
#include <new>

// For load_file
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif

#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(push)
# pragma warning(disable: 4127) // conditional expression is constant
# pragma warning(disable: 4324) // structure was padded due to __declspec(align())
# pragma warning(disable: 4702) // unreachable code
# pragma warning(disable: 4996) // this function or variable may be unsafe
#endif

#if defined(__clang__)
# pragma clang diagnostic push
# pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant" // NULL as null pointer constant
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(__c2__)
# pragma clang diagnostic push
# pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated" // this function or variable may be unsafe
#endif

#ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
# pragma warning(disable: 177) // function was declared but never referenced
# pragma warning(disable: 279) // controlling expression is constant
# pragma warning(disable: 1478 1786) // function was declared "deprecated"
# pragma warning(disable: 1684) // conversion from pointer to same-sized integral type
#endif

#if defined(__BORLANDC__) && defined(PUGIXML_HEADER_ONLY)
# pragma warn -8080 // symbol is declared but never used; disabling this inside push/pop bracket does not make the warning go away
#endif

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
# pragma option push
# pragma warn -8008 // condition is always false
# pragma warn -8066 // unreachable code
#endif

#ifdef __SNC__
// Using diag_push/diag_pop does not disable the warnings inside templates due to a compiler bug
# pragma diag_suppress=178 // function was declared but never referenced
# pragma diag_suppress=237 // controlling expression is constant
#endif

#ifdef __TI_COMPILER_VERSION__
# pragma diag_suppress 179 // function was declared but never referenced
#endif

// Inlining controls
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1300
# define PUGI_IMPL_NO_INLINE __declspec(noinline)
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
# define PUGI_IMPL_NO_INLINE __attribute__((noinline))
#else
# define PUGI_IMPL_NO_INLINE
#endif

// Branch weight controls
#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__c2__)
# define PUGI_IMPL_UNLIKELY(cond) __builtin_expect(cond, 0)
#else
# define PUGI_IMPL_UNLIKELY(cond) (cond)
#endif

// Simple static assertion
#define PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(cond) { static const char condition_failed[(cond) ? 1 : -1] = {0}; (void)condition_failed[0]; }

// Digital Mars C++ bug workaround for passing char loaded from memory via stack
#ifdef __DMC__
# define PUGI_IMPL_DMC_VOLATILE volatile
#else
# define PUGI_IMPL_DMC_VOLATILE
#endif

// Integer sanitizer workaround; we only apply this for clang since gcc8 has no_sanitize but not unsigned-integer-overflow and produces "attribute directive ignored" warnings
#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__has_attribute)
# if __has_attribute(no_sanitize)
#   define PUGI_IMPL_UNSIGNED_OVERFLOW __attribute__((no_sanitize("unsigned-integer-overflow")))
# else
#   define PUGI_IMPL_UNSIGNED_OVERFLOW
# endif
#else
# define PUGI_IMPL_UNSIGNED_OVERFLOW
#endif

// Borland C++ bug workaround for not defining ::memcpy depending on header include order (can't always use std::memcpy because some compilers don't have it at all)
#if defined(__BORLANDC__) && !defined(__MEM_H_USING_LIST)
using std::memcpy;
using std::memmove;
using std::memset;
#endif

// Old versions of GCC do not define ::malloc and ::free depending on header include order
#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 4))
using std::malloc;
using std::free;
#endif

// Some MinGW/GCC versions have headers that erroneously omit LLONG_MIN/LLONG_MAX/ULLONG_MAX definitions from limits.h in some configurations
#if defined(PUGIXML_HAS_LONG_LONG) && defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(LLONG_MAX) && !defined(LLONG_MIN) && !defined(ULLONG_MAX)
# define LLONG_MIN (-LLONG_MAX - 1LL)
# define LLONG_MAX __LONG_LONG_MAX__
# define ULLONG_MAX (LLONG_MAX * 2ULL + 1ULL)
#endif

// In some environments MSVC is a compiler but the CRT lacks certain MSVC-specific features
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__S3E__) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
# define PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION _MSC_VER
#elif defined(_WIN32_WCE)
# define PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION 1310 // MSVC7.1
#endif

// Not all platforms have snprintf; we define a wrapper that uses snprintf if possible. This only works with buffers with a known size.
#if __cplusplus >= 201103
# define PUGI_IMPL_SNPRINTF(buf, ...) snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), __VA_ARGS__)
#elif defined(PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION) && PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION >= 1400
# define PUGI_IMPL_SNPRINTF(buf, ...) _snprintf_s(buf, _countof(buf), _TRUNCATE, __VA_ARGS__)
#elif defined(__APPLE__) && __clang_major__ >= 14 // Xcode 14 marks sprintf as deprecated while still using C++98 by default
# define PUGI_IMPL_SNPRINTF(buf, fmt, arg1, arg2) snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, arg1, arg2)
#else
# define PUGI_IMPL_SNPRINTF sprintf
#endif

// We put implementation details into an anonymous namespace in source mode, but have to keep it in non-anonymous namespace in header-only mode to prevent binary bloat.
#ifdef PUGIXML_HEADER_ONLY
# define PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN namespace pugi { namespace impl {
# define PUGI_IMPL_NS_END } }
# define PUGI_IMPL_FN inline
# define PUGI_IMPL_FN_NO_INLINE inline
#else
# if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300 // MSVC6 seems to have an amusing bug with anonymous namespaces inside namespaces
#   define PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN namespace pugi { namespace impl {
#   define PUGI_IMPL_NS_END } }
# else
#   define PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN namespace pugi { namespace impl { namespace {
#   define PUGI_IMPL_NS_END } } }
# endif
# define PUGI_IMPL_FN
# define PUGI_IMPL_FN_NO_INLINE PUGI_IMPL_NO_INLINE
#endif

// uintptr_t
#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1600) || (defined(__BORLANDC__) && __BORLANDC__ < 0x561)
namespace pugi
{
# ifndef _UINTPTR_T_DEFINED
  typedef size_t uintptr_t;
# endif

  typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
  typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
  typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
}
#else
# include <stdint.h>
#endif

// Memory allocation
PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  PUGI_IMPL_FN void* default_allocate(size_t size)
  {
    return malloc(size);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void default_deallocate(void* ptr)
  {
    free(ptr);
  }

  template <typename T>
  struct xml_memory_management_function_storage
  {
    static allocation_function allocate;
    static deallocation_function deallocate;
  };

  // Global allocation functions are stored in class statics so that in header mode linker deduplicates them
  // Without a template<> we'll get multiple definitions of the same static
  template <typename T> allocation_function xml_memory_management_function_storage<T>::allocate = default_allocate;
  template <typename T> deallocation_function xml_memory_management_function_storage<T>::deallocate = default_deallocate;

  typedef xml_memory_management_function_storage<int> xml_memory;
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

// String utilities
PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  // Get string length
  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t strlength(const char_t* s)
  {
    assert(s);

  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    return wcslen(s);
  #else
    return strlen(s);
  #endif
  }

  // Compare two strings
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool strequal(const char_t* src, const char_t* dst)
  {
    assert(src && dst);

  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    return wcscmp(src, dst) == 0;
  #else
    return strcmp(src, dst) == 0;
  #endif
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  // Check if the null-terminated dst string is equal to the entire contents of srcview
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool stringview_equal(string_view_t srcview, const char_t* dst)
  {
    // std::basic_string_view::compare(const char*) has the right behavior, but it performs an
    // extra traversal of dst to compute its length.
    assert(dst);
    const char_t* src = srcview.data();
    size_t srclen = srcview.size();

    while (srclen && *dst && *src == *dst)
    {
      --srclen; ++dst; ++src;
    }
    return srclen == 0 && *dst == 0;
  }
#endif

  // Compare lhs with [rhs_begin, rhs_end)
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool strequalrange(const char_t* lhs, const char_t* rhs, size_t count)
  {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
      if (lhs[i] != rhs[i])
        return false;

    return lhs[count] == 0;
  }

  // Get length of wide string, even if CRT lacks wide character support
  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t strlength_wide(const wchar_t* s)
  {
    assert(s);

  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    return wcslen(s);
  #else
    const wchar_t* end = s;
    while (*end) end++;
    return static_cast<size_t>(end - s);
  #endif
  }
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

// auto_ptr-like object for exception recovery
PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  template <typename T> struct auto_deleter
  {
    typedef void (*D)(T*);

    T* data;
    D deleter;

    auto_deleter(T* data_, D deleter_): data(data_), deleter(deleter_)
    {
    }

    ~auto_deleter()
    {
      if (data) deleter(data);
    }

    T* release()
    {
      T* result = data;
      data = NULL;
      return result;
    }
  };
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

#ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  class compact_hash_table
  {
  public:
    compact_hash_table(): _items(NULL), _capacity(0), _count(0)
    {
    }

    void clear()
    {
      if (_items)
      {
        xml_memory::deallocate(_items);
        _items = NULL;
        _capacity = 0;
        _count = 0;
      }
    }

    void* find(const void* key)
    {
      if (_capacity == 0) return NULL;

      item_t* item = get_item(key);
      assert(item);
      assert(item->key == key || (item->key == NULL && item->value == NULL));

      return item->value;
    }

    void insert(const void* key, void* value)
    {
      assert(_capacity != 0 && _count < _capacity - _capacity / 4);

      item_t* item = get_item(key);
      assert(item);

      if (item->key == NULL)
      {
        _count++;
        item->key = key;
      }

      item->value = value;
    }

    bool reserve(size_t extra = 16)
    {
      if (_count + extra >= _capacity - _capacity / 4)
        return rehash(_count + extra);

      return true;
    }

  private:
    struct item_t
    {
      const void* key;
      void* value;
    };

    item_t* _items;
    size_t _capacity;

    size_t _count;

    bool rehash(size_t count);

    item_t* get_item(const void* key)
    {
      assert(key);
      assert(_capacity > 0);

      size_t hashmod = _capacity - 1;
      size_t bucket = hash(key) & hashmod;

      for (size_t probe = 0; probe <= hashmod; ++probe)
      {
        item_t& probe_item = _items[bucket];

        if (probe_item.key == key || probe_item.key == NULL)
          return &probe_item;

        // hash collision, quadratic probing
        bucket = (bucket + probe + 1) & hashmod;
      }

      assert(false && "Hash table is full"); // unreachable
      return NULL;
    }

    static PUGI_IMPL_UNSIGNED_OVERFLOW unsigned int hash(const void* key)
    {
      unsigned int h = static_cast<unsigned int>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(key) & 0xffffffff);

      // MurmurHash3 32-bit finalizer
      h ^= h >> 16;
      h *= 0x85ebca6bu;
      h ^= h >> 13;
      h *= 0xc2b2ae35u;
      h ^= h >> 16;

      return h;
    }
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN_NO_INLINE bool compact_hash_table::rehash(size_t count)
  {
    size_t capacity = 32;
    while (count >= capacity - capacity / 4)
      capacity *= 2;

    compact_hash_table rt;
    rt._capacity = capacity;
    rt._items = static_cast<item_t*>(xml_memory::allocate(sizeof(item_t) * capacity));

    if (!rt._items)
      return false;

    memset(rt._items, 0, sizeof(item_t) * capacity);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < _capacity; ++i)
      if (_items[i].key)
        rt.insert(_items[i].key, _items[i].value);

    if (_items)
      xml_memory::deallocate(_items);

    _capacity = capacity;
    _items = rt._items;

    assert(_count == rt._count);

    return true;
  }

PUGI_IMPL_NS_END
#endif

PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
#ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
  static const uintptr_t xml_memory_block_alignment = 4;
#else
  static const uintptr_t xml_memory_block_alignment = sizeof(void*);
#endif

  // extra metadata bits
  static const uintptr_t xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask = 64;
  static const uintptr_t xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask = 32;
  static const uintptr_t xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask = 16;
  static const uintptr_t xml_memory_page_type_mask = 15;

  // combined masks for string uniqueness
  static const uintptr_t xml_memory_page_name_allocated_or_shared_mask = xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask | xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask;
  static const uintptr_t xml_memory_page_value_allocated_or_shared_mask = xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask | xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask;

#ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
  #define PUGI_IMPL_GETHEADER_IMPL(object, page, flags) // unused
  #define PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE_IMPL(header) (header).get_page()
#else
  #define PUGI_IMPL_GETHEADER_IMPL(object, page, flags) (((reinterpret_cast<char*>(object) - reinterpret_cast<char*>(page)) << 8) | (flags))
  // this macro casts pointers through void* to avoid 'cast increases required alignment of target type' warnings
  #define PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE_IMPL(header) static_cast<impl::xml_memory_page*>(const_cast<void*>(static_cast<const void*>(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&header) - (header >> 8))))
#endif

  #define PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE(n) PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE_IMPL((n)->header)
  #define PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(n) static_cast<xml_node_type>((n)->header & impl::xml_memory_page_type_mask)

  struct xml_allocator;

  struct xml_memory_page
  {
    static xml_memory_page* construct(void* memory)
    {
      xml_memory_page* result = static_cast<xml_memory_page*>(memory);

      result->allocator = NULL;
      result->prev = NULL;
      result->next = NULL;
      result->busy_size = 0;
      result->freed_size = 0;

    #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
      result->compact_string_base = NULL;
      result->compact_shared_parent = NULL;
      result->compact_page_marker = NULL;
    #endif

      return result;
    }

    xml_allocator* allocator;

    xml_memory_page* prev;
    xml_memory_page* next;

    size_t busy_size;
    size_t freed_size;

  #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
    char_t* compact_string_base;
    void* compact_shared_parent;
    uint32_t* compact_page_marker;
  #endif
  };

  static const size_t xml_memory_page_size =
  #ifdef PUGIXML_MEMORY_PAGE_SIZE
    (PUGIXML_MEMORY_PAGE_SIZE)
  #else
    32768
  #endif
    - sizeof(xml_memory_page);

  struct xml_memory_string_header
  {
    uint16_t page_offset; // offset from page->data
    uint16_t full_size; // 0 if string occupies whole page
  };

  struct xml_allocator
  {
    xml_allocator(xml_memory_page* root): _root(root), _busy_size(root->busy_size)
    {
    #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
      _hash = NULL;
    #endif
    }

    xml_memory_page* allocate_page(size_t data_size)
    {
      size_t size = sizeof(xml_memory_page) + data_size;

      // allocate block with some alignment, leaving memory for worst-case padding
      void* memory = xml_memory::allocate(size);
      if (!memory) return NULL;

      // prepare page structure
      xml_memory_page* page = xml_memory_page::construct(memory);
      assert(page);

      assert(this == _root->allocator);
      page->allocator = this;

      return page;
    }

    static void deallocate_page(xml_memory_page* page)
    {
      xml_memory::deallocate(page);
    }

    void* allocate_memory_oob(size_t size, xml_memory_page*& out_page);

    void* allocate_memory(size_t size, xml_memory_page*& out_page)
    {
      if (PUGI_IMPL_UNLIKELY(_busy_size + size > xml_memory_page_size))
        return allocate_memory_oob(size, out_page);

      void* buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(_root) + sizeof(xml_memory_page) + _busy_size;

      _busy_size += size;

      out_page = _root;

      return buf;
    }

  #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
    void* allocate_object(size_t size, xml_memory_page*& out_page)
    {
      void* result = allocate_memory(size + sizeof(uint32_t), out_page);
      if (!result) return NULL;

      // adjust for marker
      ptrdiff_t offset = static_cast<char*>(result) - reinterpret_cast<char*>(out_page->compact_page_marker);

      if (PUGI_IMPL_UNLIKELY(static_cast<uintptr_t>(offset) >= 256 * xml_memory_block_alignment))
      {
        // insert new marker
        uint32_t* marker = static_cast<uint32_t*>(result);

        *marker = static_cast<uint32_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(marker) - reinterpret_cast<char*>(out_page));
        out_page->compact_page_marker = marker;

        // since we don't reuse the page space until we reallocate it, we can just pretend that we freed the marker block
        // this will make sure deallocate_memory correctly tracks the size
        out_page->freed_size += sizeof(uint32_t);

        return marker + 1;
      }
      else
      {
        // roll back uint32_t part
        _busy_size -= sizeof(uint32_t);

        return result;
      }
    }
  #else
    void* allocate_object(size_t size, xml_memory_page*& out_page)
    {
      return allocate_memory(size, out_page);
    }
  #endif

    void deallocate_memory(void* ptr, size_t size, xml_memory_page* page)
    {
      if (page == _root) page->busy_size = _busy_size;

      assert(ptr >= reinterpret_cast<char*>(page) + sizeof(xml_memory_page) && ptr < reinterpret_cast<char*>(page) + sizeof(xml_memory_page) + page->busy_size);
      (void)!ptr;

      page->freed_size += size;
      assert(page->freed_size <= page->busy_size);

      if (page->freed_size == page->busy_size)
      {
        if (page->next == NULL)
        {
          assert(_root == page);

          // top page freed, just reset sizes
          page->busy_size = 0;
          page->freed_size = 0;

        #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
          // reset compact state to maximize efficiency
          page->compact_string_base = NULL;
          page->compact_shared_parent = NULL;
          page->compact_page_marker = NULL;
        #endif

          _busy_size = 0;
        }
        else
        {
          assert(_root != page);
          assert(page->prev);

          // remove from the list
          page->prev->next = page->next;
          page->next->prev = page->prev;

          // deallocate
          deallocate_page(page);
        }
      }
    }

    char_t* allocate_string(size_t length)
    {
      static const size_t max_encoded_offset = (1 << 16) * xml_memory_block_alignment;

      PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(xml_memory_page_size <= max_encoded_offset);

      // allocate memory for string and header block
      size_t size = sizeof(xml_memory_string_header) + length * sizeof(char_t);

      // round size up to block alignment boundary
      size_t full_size = (size + (xml_memory_block_alignment - 1)) & ~(xml_memory_block_alignment - 1);

      xml_memory_page* page;
      xml_memory_string_header* header = static_cast<xml_memory_string_header*>(allocate_memory(full_size, page));

      if (!header) return NULL;

      // setup header
      ptrdiff_t page_offset = reinterpret_cast<char*>(header) - reinterpret_cast<char*>(page) - sizeof(xml_memory_page);

      assert(page_offset % xml_memory_block_alignment == 0);
      assert(page_offset >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(page_offset) < max_encoded_offset);
      header->page_offset = static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<size_t>(page_offset) / xml_memory_block_alignment);

      // full_size == 0 for large strings that occupy the whole page
      assert(full_size % xml_memory_block_alignment == 0);
      assert(full_size < max_encoded_offset || (page->busy_size == full_size && page_offset == 0));
      header->full_size = static_cast<uint16_t>(full_size < max_encoded_offset ? full_size / xml_memory_block_alignment : 0);

      // round-trip through void* to avoid 'cast increases required alignment of target type' warning
      // header is guaranteed a pointer-sized alignment, which should be enough for char_t
      return static_cast<char_t*>(static_cast<void*>(header + 1));
    }

    void deallocate_string(char_t* string)
    {
      // this function casts pointers through void* to avoid 'cast increases required alignment of target type' warnings
      // we're guaranteed the proper (pointer-sized) alignment on the input string if it was allocated via allocate_string

      // get header
      xml_memory_string_header* header = static_cast<xml_memory_string_header*>(static_cast<void*>(string)) - 1;
      assert(header);

      // deallocate
      size_t page_offset = sizeof(xml_memory_page) + header->page_offset * xml_memory_block_alignment;
      xml_memory_page* page = reinterpret_cast<xml_memory_page*>(static_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(header) - page_offset));

      // if full_size == 0 then this string occupies the whole page
      size_t full_size = header->full_size == 0 ? page->busy_size : header->full_size * xml_memory_block_alignment;

      deallocate_memory(header, full_size, page);
    }

    bool reserve()
    {
    #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
      return _hash->reserve();
    #else
      return true;
    #endif
    }

    xml_memory_page* _root;
    size_t _busy_size;

  #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
    compact_hash_table* _hash;
  #endif
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN_NO_INLINE void* xml_allocator::allocate_memory_oob(size_t size, xml_memory_page*& out_page)
  {
    const size_t large_allocation_threshold = xml_memory_page_size / 4;

    xml_memory_page* page = allocate_page(size <= large_allocation_threshold ? xml_memory_page_size : size);
    out_page = page;

    if (!page) return NULL;

    if (size <= large_allocation_threshold)
    {
      _root->busy_size = _busy_size;

      // insert page at the end of linked list
      page->prev = _root;
      _root->next = page;
      _root = page;

      _busy_size = size;
    }
    else
    {
      // insert page before the end of linked list, so that it is deleted as soon as possible
      // the last page is not deleted even if it's empty (see deallocate_memory)
      assert(_root->prev);

      page->prev = _root->prev;
      page->next = _root;

      _root->prev->next = page;
      _root->prev = page;

      page->busy_size = size;
    }

    return reinterpret_cast<char*>(page) + sizeof(xml_memory_page);
  }
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

#ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  static const uintptr_t compact_alignment_log2 = 2;
  static const uintptr_t compact_alignment = 1 << compact_alignment_log2;

  class compact_header
  {
  public:
    compact_header(xml_memory_page* page, unsigned int flags)
    {
      PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(xml_memory_block_alignment == compact_alignment);

      ptrdiff_t offset = (reinterpret_cast<char*>(this) - reinterpret_cast<char*>(page->compact_page_marker));
      assert(offset % compact_alignment == 0 && static_cast<uintptr_t>(offset) < 256 * compact_alignment);

      _page = static_cast<unsigned char>(offset >> compact_alignment_log2);
      _flags = static_cast<unsigned char>(flags);
    }

    void operator&=(uintptr_t mod)
    {
      _flags &= static_cast<unsigned char>(mod);
    }

    void operator|=(uintptr_t mod)
    {
      _flags |= static_cast<unsigned char>(mod);
    }

    uintptr_t operator&(uintptr_t mod) const
    {
      return _flags & mod;
    }

    xml_memory_page* get_page() const
    {
      // round-trip through void* to silence 'cast increases required alignment of target type' warnings
      const char* page_marker = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(this) - (_page << compact_alignment_log2);
      const char* page = page_marker - *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(static_cast<const void*>(page_marker));

      return const_cast<xml_memory_page*>(reinterpret_cast<const xml_memory_page*>(static_cast<const void*>(page)));
    }

  private:
    unsigned char _page;
    unsigned char _flags;
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_memory_page* compact_get_page(const void* object, int header_offset)
  {
    const compact_header* header = reinterpret_cast<const compact_header*>(static_cast<const char*>(object) - header_offset);

    return header->get_page();
  }

  template <int header_offset, typename T> PUGI_IMPL_FN_NO_INLINE T* compact_get_value(const void* object)
  {
    return static_cast<T*>(compact_get_page(object, header_offset)->allocator->_hash->find(object));
  }

  template <int header_offset, typename T> PUGI_IMPL_FN_NO_INLINE void compact_set_value(const void* object, T* value)
  {
    compact_get_page(object, header_offset)->allocator->_hash->insert(object, value);
  }

  template <typename T, int header_offset, int start = -126> class compact_pointer
  {
  public:
    compact_pointer(): _data(0)
    {
    }

    void operator=(const compact_pointer& rhs)
    {
      *this = rhs + 0;
    }

    void operator=(T* value)
    {
      if (value)
      {
        // value is guaranteed to be compact-aligned; 'this' is not
        // our decoding is based on 'this' aligned to compact alignment downwards (see operator T*)
        // so for negative offsets (e.g. -3) we need to adjust the diff by compact_alignment - 1 to
        // compensate for arithmetic shift rounding for negative values
        ptrdiff_t diff = reinterpret_cast<char*>(value) - reinterpret_cast<char*>(this);
        ptrdiff_t offset = ((diff + int(compact_alignment - 1)) >> compact_alignment_log2) - start;

        if (static_cast<uintptr_t>(offset) <= 253)
          _data = static_cast<unsigned char>(offset + 1);
        else
        {
          compact_set_value<header_offset>(this, value);

          _data = 255;
        }
      }
      else
        _data = 0;
    }

    operator T*() const
    {
      if (_data)
      {
        if (_data < 255)
        {
          uintptr_t base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(this) & ~(compact_alignment - 1);

          return reinterpret_cast<T*>(base + (_data - 1 + start) * compact_alignment);
        }
        else
          return compact_get_value<header_offset, T>(this);
      }
      else
        return NULL;
    }

    T* operator->() const
    {
      return *this;
    }

  private:
    unsigned char _data;
  };

  template <typename T, int header_offset> class compact_pointer_parent
  {
  public:
    compact_pointer_parent(): _data(0)
    {
    }

    void operator=(const compact_pointer_parent& rhs)
    {
      *this = rhs + 0;
    }

    void operator=(T* value)
    {
      if (value)
      {
        // value is guaranteed to be compact-aligned; 'this' is not
        // our decoding is based on 'this' aligned to compact alignment downwards (see operator T*)
        // so for negative offsets (e.g. -3) we need to adjust the diff by compact_alignment - 1 to
        // compensate for arithmetic shift behavior for negative values
        ptrdiff_t diff = reinterpret_cast<char*>(value) - reinterpret_cast<char*>(this);
        ptrdiff_t offset = ((diff + int(compact_alignment - 1)) >> compact_alignment_log2) + 65533;

        if (static_cast<uintptr_t>(offset) <= 65533)
        {
          _data = static_cast<unsigned short>(offset + 1);
        }
        else
        {
          xml_memory_page* page = compact_get_page(this, header_offset);

          if (PUGI_IMPL_UNLIKELY(page->compact_shared_parent == NULL))
            page->compact_shared_parent = value;

          if (page->compact_shared_parent == value)
          {
            _data = 65534;
          }
          else
          {
            compact_set_value<header_offset>(this, value);

            _data = 65535;
          }
        }
      }
      else
      {
        _data = 0;
      }
    }

    operator T*() const
    {
      if (_data)
      {
        if (_data < 65534)
        {
          uintptr_t base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(this) & ~(compact_alignment - 1);

          return reinterpret_cast<T*>(base + (_data - 1 - 65533) * compact_alignment);
        }
        else if (_data == 65534)
          return static_cast<T*>(compact_get_page(this, header_offset)->compact_shared_parent);
        else
          return compact_get_value<header_offset, T>(this);
      }
      else
        return NULL;
    }

    T* operator->() const
    {
      return *this;
    }

  private:
    uint16_t _data;
  };

  template <int header_offset, int base_offset> class compact_string
  {
  public:
    compact_string(): _data(0)
    {
    }

    void operator=(const compact_string& rhs)
    {
      *this = rhs + 0;
    }

    void operator=(char_t* value)
    {
      if (value)
      {
        xml_memory_page* page = compact_get_page(this, header_offset);

        if (PUGI_IMPL_UNLIKELY(page->compact_string_base == NULL))
          page->compact_string_base = value;

        ptrdiff_t offset = value - page->compact_string_base;

        if (static_cast<uintptr_t>(offset) < (65535 << 7))
        {
          // round-trip through void* to silence 'cast increases required alignment of target type' warnings
          uint16_t* base = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(static_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(this) - base_offset));

          if (*base == 0)
          {
            *base = static_cast<uint16_t>((offset >> 7) + 1);
            _data = static_cast<unsigned char>((offset & 127) + 1);
          }
          else
          {
            ptrdiff_t remainder = offset - ((*base - 1) << 7);

            if (static_cast<uintptr_t>(remainder) <= 253)
            {
              _data = static_cast<unsigned char>(remainder + 1);
            }
            else
            {
              compact_set_value<header_offset>(this, value);

              _data = 255;
            }
          }
        }
        else
        {
          compact_set_value<header_offset>(this, value);

          _data = 255;
        }
      }
      else
      {
        _data = 0;
      }
    }

    operator char_t*() const
    {
      if (_data)
      {
        if (_data < 255)
        {
          xml_memory_page* page = compact_get_page(this, header_offset);

          // round-trip through void* to silence 'cast increases required alignment of target type' warnings
          const uint16_t* base = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(static_cast<const void*>(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(this) - base_offset));
          assert(*base);

          ptrdiff_t offset = ((*base - 1) << 7) + (_data - 1);

          return page->compact_string_base + offset;
        }
        else
        {
          return compact_get_value<header_offset, char_t>(this);
        }
      }
      else
        return NULL;
    }

  private:
    unsigned char _data;
  };
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END
#endif

#ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
namespace pugi
{
  struct xml_attribute_struct
  {
    xml_attribute_struct(impl::xml_memory_page* page): header(page, 0), namevalue_base(0)
    {
      PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(xml_attribute_struct) == 8);
    }

    impl::compact_header header;

    uint16_t namevalue_base;

    impl::compact_string<4, 2> name;
    impl::compact_string<5, 3> value;

    impl::compact_pointer<xml_attribute_struct, 6> prev_attribute_c;
    impl::compact_pointer<xml_attribute_struct, 7, 0> next_attribute;
  };

  struct xml_node_struct
  {
    xml_node_struct(impl::xml_memory_page* page, xml_node_type type): header(page, type), namevalue_base(0)
    {
      PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(xml_node_struct) == 12);
    }

    impl::compact_header header;

    uint16_t namevalue_base;

    impl::compact_string<4, 2> name;
    impl::compact_string<5, 3> value;

    impl::compact_pointer_parent<xml_node_struct, 6> parent;

    impl::compact_pointer<xml_node_struct, 8, 0> first_child;

    impl::compact_pointer<xml_node_struct,  9>    prev_sibling_c;
    impl::compact_pointer<xml_node_struct, 10, 0> next_sibling;

    impl::compact_pointer<xml_attribute_struct, 11, 0> first_attribute;
  };
}
#else
namespace pugi
{
  struct xml_attribute_struct
  {
    xml_attribute_struct(impl::xml_memory_page* page): name(NULL), value(NULL), prev_attribute_c(NULL), next_attribute(NULL)
    {
      header = PUGI_IMPL_GETHEADER_IMPL(this, page, 0);
    }

    uintptr_t header;

    char_t* name;
    char_t* value;

    xml_attribute_struct* prev_attribute_c;
    xml_attribute_struct* next_attribute;
  };

  struct xml_node_struct
  {
    xml_node_struct(impl::xml_memory_page* page, xml_node_type type): name(NULL), value(NULL), parent(NULL), first_child(NULL), prev_sibling_c(NULL), next_sibling(NULL), first_attribute(NULL)
    {
      header = PUGI_IMPL_GETHEADER_IMPL(this, page, type);
    }

    uintptr_t header;

    char_t* name;
    char_t* value;

    xml_node_struct* parent;

    xml_node_struct* first_child;

    xml_node_struct* prev_sibling_c;
    xml_node_struct* next_sibling;

    xml_attribute_struct* first_attribute;
  };
}
#endif

PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  struct xml_extra_buffer
  {
    char_t* buffer;
    xml_extra_buffer* next;
  };

  struct xml_document_struct: public xml_node_struct, public xml_allocator
  {
    xml_document_struct(xml_memory_page* page): xml_node_struct(page, node_document), xml_allocator(page), buffer(NULL), extra_buffers(NULL)
    {
    }

    const char_t* buffer;

    xml_extra_buffer* extra_buffers;

  #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
    compact_hash_table hash;
  #endif
  };

  template <typename Object> inline xml_allocator& get_allocator(const Object* object)
  {
    assert(object);

    return *PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE(object)->allocator;
  }

  template <typename Object> inline xml_document_struct& get_document(const Object* object)
  {
    assert(object);

    return *static_cast<xml_document_struct*>(PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE(object)->allocator);
  }
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

// Low-level DOM operations
PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  inline xml_attribute_struct* allocate_attribute(xml_allocator& alloc)
  {
    xml_memory_page* page;
    void* memory = alloc.allocate_object(sizeof(xml_attribute_struct), page);
    if (!memory) return NULL;

    return new (memory) xml_attribute_struct(page);
  }

  inline xml_node_struct* allocate_node(xml_allocator& alloc, xml_node_type type)
  {
    xml_memory_page* page;
    void* memory = alloc.allocate_object(sizeof(xml_node_struct), page);
    if (!memory) return NULL;

    return new (memory) xml_node_struct(page, type);
  }

  inline void destroy_attribute(xml_attribute_struct* a, xml_allocator& alloc)
  {
    if (a->header & impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask)
      alloc.deallocate_string(a->name);

    if (a->header & impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask)
      alloc.deallocate_string(a->value);

    alloc.deallocate_memory(a, sizeof(xml_attribute_struct), PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE(a));
  }

  inline void destroy_node(xml_node_struct* n, xml_allocator& alloc)
  {
    if (n->header & impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask)
      alloc.deallocate_string(n->name);

    if (n->header & impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask)
      alloc.deallocate_string(n->value);

    for (xml_attribute_struct* attr = n->first_attribute; attr; )
    {
      xml_attribute_struct* next = attr->next_attribute;

      destroy_attribute(attr, alloc);

      attr = next;
    }

    for (xml_node_struct* child = n->first_child; child; )
    {
      xml_node_struct* next = child->next_sibling;

      destroy_node(child, alloc);

      child = next;
    }

    alloc.deallocate_memory(n, sizeof(xml_node_struct), PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE(n));
  }

  inline void append_node(xml_node_struct* child, xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    child->parent = node;

    xml_node_struct* head = node->first_child;

    if (head)
    {
      xml_node_struct* tail = head->prev_sibling_c;

      tail->next_sibling = child;
      child->prev_sibling_c = tail;
      head->prev_sibling_c = child;
    }
    else
    {
      node->first_child = child;
      child->prev_sibling_c = child;
    }
  }

  inline void prepend_node(xml_node_struct* child, xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    child->parent = node;

    xml_node_struct* head = node->first_child;

    if (head)
    {
      child->prev_sibling_c = head->prev_sibling_c;
      head->prev_sibling_c = child;
    }
    else
      child->prev_sibling_c = child;

    child->next_sibling = head;
    node->first_child = child;
  }

  inline void insert_node_after(xml_node_struct* child, xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    xml_node_struct* parent = node->parent;

    child->parent = parent;

    xml_node_struct* next = node->next_sibling;

    if (next)
      next->prev_sibling_c = child;
    else
      parent->first_child->prev_sibling_c = child;

    child->next_sibling = next;
    child->prev_sibling_c = node;

    node->next_sibling = child;
  }

  inline void insert_node_before(xml_node_struct* child, xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    xml_node_struct* parent = node->parent;

    child->parent = parent;

    xml_node_struct* prev = node->prev_sibling_c;

    if (prev->next_sibling)
      prev->next_sibling = child;
    else
      parent->first_child = child;

    child->prev_sibling_c = prev;
    child->next_sibling = node;

    node->prev_sibling_c = child;
  }

  inline void remove_node(xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    xml_node_struct* parent = node->parent;

    xml_node_struct* next = node->next_sibling;
    xml_node_struct* prev = node->prev_sibling_c;

    if (next)
      next->prev_sibling_c = prev;
    else
      parent->first_child->prev_sibling_c = prev;

    if (prev->next_sibling)
      prev->next_sibling = next;
    else
      parent->first_child = next;

    node->parent = NULL;
    node->prev_sibling_c = NULL;
    node->next_sibling = NULL;
  }

  inline void append_attribute(xml_attribute_struct* attr, xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    xml_attribute_struct* head = node->first_attribute;

    if (head)
    {
      xml_attribute_struct* tail = head->prev_attribute_c;

      tail->next_attribute = attr;
      attr->prev_attribute_c = tail;
      head->prev_attribute_c = attr;
    }
    else
    {
      node->first_attribute = attr;
      attr->prev_attribute_c = attr;
    }
  }

  inline void prepend_attribute(xml_attribute_struct* attr, xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    xml_attribute_struct* head = node->first_attribute;

    if (head)
    {
      attr->prev_attribute_c = head->prev_attribute_c;
      head->prev_attribute_c = attr;
    }
    else
      attr->prev_attribute_c = attr;

    attr->next_attribute = head;
    node->first_attribute = attr;
  }

  inline void insert_attribute_after(xml_attribute_struct* attr, xml_attribute_struct* place, xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    xml_attribute_struct* next = place->next_attribute;

    if (next)
      next->prev_attribute_c = attr;
    else
      node->first_attribute->prev_attribute_c = attr;

    attr->next_attribute = next;
    attr->prev_attribute_c = place;
    place->next_attribute = attr;
  }

  inline void insert_attribute_before(xml_attribute_struct* attr, xml_attribute_struct* place, xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    xml_attribute_struct* prev = place->prev_attribute_c;

    if (prev->next_attribute)
      prev->next_attribute = attr;
    else
      node->first_attribute = attr;

    attr->prev_attribute_c = prev;
    attr->next_attribute = place;
    place->prev_attribute_c = attr;
  }

  inline void remove_attribute(xml_attribute_struct* attr, xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    xml_attribute_struct* next = attr->next_attribute;
    xml_attribute_struct* prev = attr->prev_attribute_c;

    if (next)
      next->prev_attribute_c = prev;
    else
      node->first_attribute->prev_attribute_c = prev;

    if (prev->next_attribute)
      prev->next_attribute = next;
    else
      node->first_attribute = next;

    attr->prev_attribute_c = NULL;
    attr->next_attribute = NULL;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN_NO_INLINE xml_node_struct* append_new_node(xml_node_struct* node, xml_allocator& alloc, xml_node_type type = node_element)
  {
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return NULL;

    xml_node_struct* child = allocate_node(alloc, type);
    if (!child) return NULL;

    append_node(child, node);

    return child;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN_NO_INLINE xml_attribute_struct* append_new_attribute(xml_node_struct* node, xml_allocator& alloc)
  {
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return NULL;

    xml_attribute_struct* attr = allocate_attribute(alloc);
    if (!attr) return NULL;

    append_attribute(attr, node);

    return attr;
  }
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

// Helper classes for code generation
PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  struct opt_false
  {
    enum { value = 0 };
  };

  struct opt_true
  {
    enum { value = 1 };
  };
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

// Unicode utilities
PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  inline uint16_t endian_swap(uint16_t value)
  {
    return static_cast<uint16_t>(((value & 0xff) << 8) | (value >> 8));
  }

  inline uint32_t endian_swap(uint32_t value)
  {
    return ((value & 0xff) << 24) | ((value & 0xff00) << 8) | ((value & 0xff0000) >> 8) | (value >> 24);
  }

  struct utf8_counter
  {
    typedef size_t value_type;

    static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t ch)
    {
      // U+0000..U+007F
      if (ch < 0x80) return result + 1;
      // U+0080..U+07FF
      else if (ch < 0x800) return result + 2;
      // U+0800..U+FFFF
      else return result + 3;
    }

    static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t)
    {
      // U+10000..U+10FFFF
      return result + 4;
    }
  };

  struct utf8_writer
  {
    typedef uint8_t* value_type;

    static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t ch)
    {
      // U+0000..U+007F
      if (ch < 0x80)
      {
        *result = static_cast<uint8_t>(ch);
        return result + 1;
      }
      // U+0080..U+07FF
      else if (ch < 0x800)
      {
        result[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xC0 | (ch >> 6));
        result[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (ch & 0x3F));
        return result + 2;
      }
      // U+0800..U+FFFF
      else
      {
        result[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 | (ch >> 12));
        result[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((ch >> 6) & 0x3F));
        result[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (ch & 0x3F));
        return result + 3;
      }
    }

    static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t ch)
    {
      // U+10000..U+10FFFF
      result[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xF0 | (ch >> 18));
      result[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((ch >> 12) & 0x3F));
      result[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((ch >> 6) & 0x3F));
      result[3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (ch & 0x3F));
      return result + 4;
    }

    static value_type any(value_type result, uint32_t ch)
    {
      return (ch < 0x10000) ? low(result, ch) : high(result, ch);
    }
  };

  struct utf16_counter
  {
    typedef size_t value_type;

    static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t)
    {
      return result + 1;
    }

    static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t)
    {
      return result + 2;
    }
  };

  struct utf16_writer
  {
    typedef uint16_t* value_type;

    static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t ch)
    {
      *result = static_cast<uint16_t>(ch);

      return result + 1;
    }

    static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t ch)
    {
      uint32_t msh = (ch - 0x10000U) >> 10;
      uint32_t lsh = (ch - 0x10000U) & 0x3ff;

      result[0] = static_cast<uint16_t>(0xD800 + msh);
      result[1] = static_cast<uint16_t>(0xDC00 + lsh);

      return result + 2;
    }

    static value_type any(value_type result, uint32_t ch)
    {
      return (ch < 0x10000) ? low(result, ch) : high(result, ch);
    }
  };

  struct utf32_counter
  {
    typedef size_t value_type;

    static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t)
    {
      return result + 1;
    }

    static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t)
    {
      return result + 1;
    }
  };

  struct utf32_writer
  {
    typedef uint32_t* value_type;

    static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t ch)
    {
      *result = ch;

      return result + 1;
    }

    static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t ch)
    {
      *result = ch;

      return result + 1;
    }

    static value_type any(value_type result, uint32_t ch)
    {
      *result = ch;

      return result + 1;
    }
  };

  struct latin1_writer
  {
    typedef uint8_t* value_type;

    static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t ch)
    {
      *result = static_cast<uint8_t>(ch > 255 ? '?' : ch);

      return result + 1;
    }

    static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t ch)
    {
      (void)ch;

      *result = '?';

      return result + 1;
    }
  };

  struct utf8_decoder
  {
    typedef uint8_t type;

    template <typename Traits> static inline typename Traits::value_type process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size, typename Traits::value_type result, Traits)
    {
      const uint8_t utf8_byte_mask = 0x3f;

      while (size)
      {
        uint8_t lead = *data;

        // 0xxxxxxx -> U+0000..U+007F
        if (lead < 0x80)
        {
          result = Traits::low(result, lead);
          data += 1;
          size -= 1;

          // process aligned single-byte (ascii) blocks
          if ((reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(data) & 3) == 0)
          {
            // round-trip through void* to silence 'cast increases required alignment of target type' warnings
            while (size >= 4 && (*static_cast<const uint32_t*>(static_cast<const void*>(data)) & 0x80808080) == 0)
            {
              result = Traits::low(result, data[0]);
              result = Traits::low(result, data[1]);
              result = Traits::low(result, data[2]);
              result = Traits::low(result, data[3]);
              data += 4;
              size -= 4;
            }
          }
        }
        // 110xxxxx -> U+0080..U+07FF
        else if (static_cast<unsigned int>(lead - 0xC0) < 0x20 && size >= 2 && (data[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80)
        {
          result = Traits::low(result, ((lead & ~0xC0) << 6) | (data[1] & utf8_byte_mask));
          data += 2;
          size -= 2;
        }
        // 1110xxxx -> U+0800-U+FFFF
        else if (static_cast<unsigned int>(lead - 0xE0) < 0x10 && size >= 3 && (data[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80 && (data[2] & 0xc0) == 0x80)
        {
          result = Traits::low(result, ((lead & ~0xE0) << 12) | ((data[1] & utf8_byte_mask) << 6) | (data[2] & utf8_byte_mask));
          data += 3;
          size -= 3;
        }
        // 11110xxx -> U+10000..U+10FFFF
        else if (static_cast<unsigned int>(lead - 0xF0) < 0x08 && size >= 4 && (data[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80 && (data[2] & 0xc0) == 0x80 && (data[3] & 0xc0) == 0x80)
        {
          result = Traits::high(result, ((lead & ~0xF0) << 18) | ((data[1] & utf8_byte_mask) << 12) | ((data[2] & utf8_byte_mask) << 6) | (data[3] & utf8_byte_mask));
          data += 4;
          size -= 4;
        }
        // 10xxxxxx or 11111xxx -> invalid
        else
        {
          data += 1;
          size -= 1;
        }
      }

      return result;
    }
  };

  template <typename opt_swap> struct utf16_decoder
  {
    typedef uint16_t type;

    template <typename Traits> static inline typename Traits::value_type process(const uint16_t* data, size_t size, typename Traits::value_type result, Traits)
    {
      while (size)
      {
        uint16_t lead = opt_swap::value ? endian_swap(*data) : *data;

        // U+0000..U+D7FF
        if (lead < 0xD800)
        {
          result = Traits::low(result, lead);
          data += 1;
          size -= 1;
        }
        // U+E000..U+FFFF
        else if (static_cast<unsigned int>(lead - 0xE000) < 0x2000)
        {
          result = Traits::low(result, lead);
          data += 1;
          size -= 1;
        }
        // surrogate pair lead
        else if (static_cast<unsigned int>(lead - 0xD800) < 0x400 && size >= 2)
        {
          uint16_t next = opt_swap::value ? endian_swap(data[1]) : data[1];

          if (static_cast<unsigned int>(next - 0xDC00) < 0x400)
          {
            result = Traits::high(result, 0x10000 + ((lead & 0x3ff) << 10) + (next & 0x3ff));
            data += 2;
            size -= 2;
          }
          else
          {
            data += 1;
            size -= 1;
          }
        }
        else
        {
          data += 1;
          size -= 1;
        }
      }

      return result;
    }
  };

  template <typename opt_swap> struct utf32_decoder
  {
    typedef uint32_t type;

    template <typename Traits> static inline typename Traits::value_type process(const uint32_t* data, size_t size, typename Traits::value_type result, Traits)
    {
      while (size)
      {
        uint32_t lead = opt_swap::value ? endian_swap(*data) : *data;

        // U+0000..U+FFFF
        if (lead < 0x10000)
        {
          result = Traits::low(result, lead);
          data += 1;
          size -= 1;
        }
        // U+10000..U+10FFFF
        else
        {
          result = Traits::high(result, lead);
          data += 1;
          size -= 1;
        }
      }

      return result;
    }
  };

  struct latin1_decoder
  {
    typedef uint8_t type;

    template <typename Traits> static inline typename Traits::value_type process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size, typename Traits::value_type result, Traits)
    {
      while (size)
      {
        result = Traits::low(result, *data);
        data += 1;
        size -= 1;
      }

      return result;
    }
  };

  template <size_t size> struct wchar_selector;

  template <> struct wchar_selector<2>
  {
    typedef uint16_t type;
    typedef utf16_counter counter;
    typedef utf16_writer writer;
    typedef utf16_decoder<opt_false> decoder;
  };

  template <> struct wchar_selector<4>
  {
    typedef uint32_t type;
    typedef utf32_counter counter;
    typedef utf32_writer writer;
    typedef utf32_decoder<opt_false> decoder;
  };

  typedef wchar_selector<sizeof(wchar_t)>::counter wchar_counter;
  typedef wchar_selector<sizeof(wchar_t)>::writer wchar_writer;

  struct wchar_decoder
  {
    typedef wchar_t type;

    template <typename Traits> static inline typename Traits::value_type process(const wchar_t* data, size_t size, typename Traits::value_type result, Traits traits)
    {
      typedef wchar_selector<sizeof(wchar_t)>::decoder decoder;

      return decoder::process(reinterpret_cast<const typename decoder::type*>(data), size, result, traits);
    }
  };

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  PUGI_IMPL_FN void convert_wchar_endian_swap(wchar_t* result, const wchar_t* data, size_t length)
  {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i)
      result[i] = static_cast<wchar_t>(endian_swap(static_cast<wchar_selector<sizeof(wchar_t)>::type>(data[i])));
  }
#endif
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  enum chartype_t
  {
    ct_parse_pcdata = 1,  // \0, &, \r, <
    ct_parse_attr = 2,    // \0, &, \r, ', "
    ct_parse_attr_ws = 4, // \0, &, \r, ', ", \n, tab
    ct_space = 8,     // \r, \n, space, tab
    ct_parse_cdata = 16,  // \0, ], >, \r
    ct_parse_comment = 32,  // \0, -, >, \r
    ct_symbol = 64,     // Any symbol > 127, a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _, :, -, .
    ct_start_symbol = 128 // Any symbol > 127, a-z, A-Z, _, :
  };

  static const unsigned char chartype_table[256] =
  {
    55,  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,      0,   12,  12,  0,   0,   63,  0,   0,   // 0-15
    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,      0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   // 16-31
    8,   0,   6,   0,   0,   0,   7,   6,      0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   96,  64,  0,   // 32-47
    64,  64,  64,  64,  64,  64,  64,  64,     64,  64,  192, 0,   1,   0,   48,  0,   // 48-63
    0,   192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, // 64-79
    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 0,   0,   16,  0,   192, // 80-95
    0,   192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, // 96-111
    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,           // 112-127

    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, // 128+
    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192
  };

  enum chartypex_t
  {
    ctx_special_pcdata = 1,   // Any symbol >= 0 and < 32 (except \t, \r, \n), &, <, >
    ctx_special_attr = 2,     // Any symbol >= 0 and < 32, &, <, ", '
    ctx_start_symbol = 4,   // Any symbol > 127, a-z, A-Z, _
    ctx_digit = 8,        // 0-9
    ctx_symbol = 16       // Any symbol > 127, a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _, -, .
  };

  static const unsigned char chartypex_table[256] =
  {
    3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,     3,  2,  2,  3,  3,  2,  3,  3,     // 0-15
    3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,     3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,     // 16-31
    0,  0,  2,  0,  0,  0,  3,  2,     0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 16, 16,  0,     // 32-47
    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,    24, 24, 0,  0,  3,  0,  1,  0,     // 48-63

    0,  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    // 64-79
    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 0,  0,  0,  0,  20,    // 80-95
    0,  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    // 96-111
    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,     // 112-127

    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    // 128+
    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20
  };

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  #define PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE_IMPL(c, ct, table) ((static_cast<unsigned int>(c) < 128 ? table[static_cast<unsigned int>(c)] : table[128]) & (ct))
#else
  #define PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE_IMPL(c, ct, table) (table[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)] & (ct))
#endif

  #define PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(c, ct) PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE_IMPL(c, ct, chartype_table)
  #define PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(c, ct) PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE_IMPL(c, ct, chartypex_table)

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool is_little_endian()
  {
    unsigned int ui = 1;

    return *reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&ui) == 1;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_encoding get_wchar_encoding()
  {
    PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 || sizeof(wchar_t) == 4);

    if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2)
      return is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;
    else
      return is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool parse_declaration_encoding(const uint8_t* data, size_t size, const uint8_t*& out_encoding, size_t& out_length)
  {
  #define PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR(ch) { if (offset >= size || data[offset] != ch) return false; offset++; }
  #define PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHARTYPE(ct) { while (offset < size && PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(data[offset], ct)) offset++; }

    // check if we have a non-empty XML declaration
    if (size < 6 || !((data[0] == '<') & (data[1] == '?') & (data[2] == 'x') & (data[3] == 'm') & (data[4] == 'l') && PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(data[5], ct_space)))
      return false;

    // scan XML declaration until the encoding field
    for (size_t i = 6; i + 1 < size; ++i)
    {
      // declaration can not contain ? in quoted values
      if (data[i] == '?')
        return false;

      if (data[i] == 'e' && data[i + 1] == 'n')
      {
        size_t offset = i;

        // encoding follows the version field which can't contain 'en' so this has to be the encoding if XML is well formed
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR('e'); PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR('n'); PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR('c'); PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR('o');
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR('d'); PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR('i'); PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR('n'); PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR('g');

        // S? = S?
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHARTYPE(ct_space);
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR('=');
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHARTYPE(ct_space);

        // the only two valid delimiters are ' and "
        uint8_t delimiter = (offset < size && data[offset] == '"') ? '"' : '\'';

        PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR(delimiter);

        size_t start = offset;

        out_encoding = data + offset;

        PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHARTYPE(ct_symbol);

        out_length = offset - start;

        PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR(delimiter);

        return true;
      }
    }

    return false;

  #undef PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHAR
  #undef PUGI_IMPL_SCANCHARTYPE
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_encoding guess_buffer_encoding(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
  {
    // skip encoding autodetection if input buffer is too small
    if (size < 4) return encoding_utf8;

    uint8_t d0 = data[0], d1 = data[1], d2 = data[2], d3 = data[3];

    // look for BOM in first few bytes
    if (d0 == 0 && d1 == 0 && d2 == 0xfe && d3 == 0xff) return encoding_utf32_be;
    if (d0 == 0xff && d1 == 0xfe && d2 == 0 && d3 == 0) return encoding_utf32_le;
    if (d0 == 0xfe && d1 == 0xff) return encoding_utf16_be;
    if (d0 == 0xff && d1 == 0xfe) return encoding_utf16_le;
    if (d0 == 0xef && d1 == 0xbb && d2 == 0xbf) return encoding_utf8;

    // look for <, <? or <?xm in various encodings
    if (d0 == 0 && d1 == 0 && d2 == 0 && d3 == 0x3c) return encoding_utf32_be;
    if (d0 == 0x3c && d1 == 0 && d2 == 0 && d3 == 0) return encoding_utf32_le;
    if (d0 == 0 && d1 == 0x3c && d2 == 0 && d3 == 0x3f) return encoding_utf16_be;
    if (d0 == 0x3c && d1 == 0 && d2 == 0x3f && d3 == 0) return encoding_utf16_le;

    // look for utf16 < followed by node name (this may fail, but is better than utf8 since it's zero terminated so early)
    if (d0 == 0 && d1 == 0x3c) return encoding_utf16_be;
    if (d0 == 0x3c && d1 == 0) return encoding_utf16_le;

    // no known BOM detected; parse declaration
    const uint8_t* enc = NULL;
    size_t enc_length = 0;

    if (d0 == 0x3c && d1 == 0x3f && d2 == 0x78 && d3 == 0x6d && parse_declaration_encoding(data, size, enc, enc_length))
    {
      // iso-8859-1 (case-insensitive)
      if (enc_length == 10
        && (enc[0] | ' ') == 'i' && (enc[1] | ' ') == 's' && (enc[2] | ' ') == 'o'
        && enc[3] == '-' && enc[4] == '8' && enc[5] == '8' && enc[6] == '5' && enc[7] == '9'
        && enc[8] == '-' && enc[9] == '1')
        return encoding_latin1;

      // latin1 (case-insensitive)
      if (enc_length == 6
        && (enc[0] | ' ') == 'l' && (enc[1] | ' ') == 'a' && (enc[2] | ' ') == 't'
        && (enc[3] | ' ') == 'i' && (enc[4] | ' ') == 'n'
        && enc[5] == '1')
        return encoding_latin1;
    }

    return encoding_utf8;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_encoding get_buffer_encoding(xml_encoding encoding, const void* contents, size_t size)
  {
    // replace wchar encoding with utf implementation
    if (encoding == encoding_wchar) return get_wchar_encoding();

    // replace utf16 encoding with utf16 with specific endianness
    if (encoding == encoding_utf16) return is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;

    // replace utf32 encoding with utf32 with specific endianness
    if (encoding == encoding_utf32) return is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;

    // only do autodetection if no explicit encoding is requested
    if (encoding != encoding_auto) return encoding;

    // try to guess encoding (based on XML specification, Appendix F.1)
    const uint8_t* data = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(contents);

    return guess_buffer_encoding(data, size);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool get_mutable_buffer(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size, bool is_mutable)
  {
    size_t length = size / sizeof(char_t);

    if (is_mutable)
    {
      out_buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(const_cast<void*>(contents));
      out_length = length;
    }
    else
    {
      char_t* buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
      if (!buffer) return false;

      if (contents)
        memcpy(buffer, contents, length * sizeof(char_t));
      else
        assert(length == 0);

      buffer[length] = 0;

      out_buffer = buffer;
      out_length = length + 1;
    }

    return true;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool need_endian_swap_utf(xml_encoding le, xml_encoding re)
  {
    return (le == encoding_utf16_be && re == encoding_utf16_le) || (le == encoding_utf16_le && re == encoding_utf16_be) ||
         (le == encoding_utf32_be && re == encoding_utf32_le) || (le == encoding_utf32_le && re == encoding_utf32_be);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool convert_buffer_endian_swap(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size, bool is_mutable)
  {
    const char_t* data = static_cast<const char_t*>(contents);
    size_t length = size / sizeof(char_t);

    if (is_mutable)
    {
      char_t* buffer = const_cast<char_t*>(data);

      convert_wchar_endian_swap(buffer, data, length);

      out_buffer = buffer;
      out_length = length;
    }
    else
    {
      char_t* buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
      if (!buffer) return false;

      convert_wchar_endian_swap(buffer, data, length);
      buffer[length] = 0;

      out_buffer = buffer;
      out_length = length + 1;
    }

    return true;
  }

  template <typename D> PUGI_IMPL_FN bool convert_buffer_generic(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size, D)
  {
    const typename D::type* data = static_cast<const typename D::type*>(contents);
    size_t data_length = size / sizeof(typename D::type);

    // first pass: get length in wchar_t units
    size_t length = D::process(data, data_length, 0, wchar_counter());

    // allocate buffer of suitable length
    char_t* buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
    if (!buffer) return false;

    // second pass: convert utf16 input to wchar_t
    wchar_writer::value_type obegin = reinterpret_cast<wchar_writer::value_type>(buffer);
    wchar_writer::value_type oend = D::process(data, data_length, obegin, wchar_writer());

    assert(oend == obegin + length);
    *oend = 0;

    out_buffer = buffer;
    out_length = length + 1;

    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool convert_buffer(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, xml_encoding encoding, const void* contents, size_t size, bool is_mutable)
  {
    // get native encoding
    xml_encoding wchar_encoding = get_wchar_encoding();

    // fast path: no conversion required
    if (encoding == wchar_encoding)
      return get_mutable_buffer(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, is_mutable);

    // only endian-swapping is required
    if (need_endian_swap_utf(encoding, wchar_encoding))
      return convert_buffer_endian_swap(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, is_mutable);

    // source encoding is utf8
    if (encoding == encoding_utf8)
      return convert_buffer_generic(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, utf8_decoder());

    // source encoding is utf16
    if (encoding == encoding_utf16_be || encoding == encoding_utf16_le)
    {
      xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;

      return (native_encoding == encoding) ?
        convert_buffer_generic(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, utf16_decoder<opt_false>()) :
        convert_buffer_generic(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, utf16_decoder<opt_true>());
    }

    // source encoding is utf32
    if (encoding == encoding_utf32_be || encoding == encoding_utf32_le)
    {
      xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;

      return (native_encoding == encoding) ?
        convert_buffer_generic(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, utf32_decoder<opt_false>()) :
        convert_buffer_generic(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, utf32_decoder<opt_true>());
    }

    // source encoding is latin1
    if (encoding == encoding_latin1)
      return convert_buffer_generic(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, latin1_decoder());

    assert(false && "Invalid encoding"); // unreachable
    return false;
  }
#else
  template <typename D> PUGI_IMPL_FN bool convert_buffer_generic(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size, D)
  {
    const typename D::type* data = static_cast<const typename D::type*>(contents);
    size_t data_length = size / sizeof(typename D::type);

    // first pass: get length in utf8 units
    size_t length = D::process(data, data_length, 0, utf8_counter());

    // allocate buffer of suitable length
    char_t* buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
    if (!buffer) return false;

    // second pass: convert utf16 input to utf8
    uint8_t* obegin = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer);
    uint8_t* oend = D::process(data, data_length, obegin, utf8_writer());

    assert(oend == obegin + length);
    *oend = 0;

    out_buffer = buffer;
    out_length = length + 1;

    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t get_latin1_7bit_prefix_length(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
  {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
      if (data[i] > 127)
        return i;

    return size;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool convert_buffer_latin1(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size, bool is_mutable)
  {
    const uint8_t* data = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(contents);
    size_t data_length = size;

    // get size of prefix that does not need utf8 conversion
    size_t prefix_length = get_latin1_7bit_prefix_length(data, data_length);
    assert(prefix_length <= data_length);

    const uint8_t* postfix = data + prefix_length;
    size_t postfix_length = data_length - prefix_length;

    // if no conversion is needed, just return the original buffer
    if (postfix_length == 0) return get_mutable_buffer(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, is_mutable);

    // first pass: get length in utf8 units
    size_t length = prefix_length + latin1_decoder::process(postfix, postfix_length, 0, utf8_counter());

    // allocate buffer of suitable length
    char_t* buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
    if (!buffer) return false;

    // second pass: convert latin1 input to utf8
    memcpy(buffer, data, prefix_length);

    uint8_t* obegin = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer);
    uint8_t* oend = latin1_decoder::process(postfix, postfix_length, obegin + prefix_length, utf8_writer());

    assert(oend == obegin + length);
    *oend = 0;

    out_buffer = buffer;
    out_length = length + 1;

    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool convert_buffer(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, xml_encoding encoding, const void* contents, size_t size, bool is_mutable)
  {
    // fast path: no conversion required
    if (encoding == encoding_utf8)
      return get_mutable_buffer(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, is_mutable);

    // source encoding is utf16
    if (encoding == encoding_utf16_be || encoding == encoding_utf16_le)
    {
      xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;

      return (native_encoding == encoding) ?
        convert_buffer_generic(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, utf16_decoder<opt_false>()) :
        convert_buffer_generic(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, utf16_decoder<opt_true>());
    }

    // source encoding is utf32
    if (encoding == encoding_utf32_be || encoding == encoding_utf32_le)
    {
      xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;

      return (native_encoding == encoding) ?
        convert_buffer_generic(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, utf32_decoder<opt_false>()) :
        convert_buffer_generic(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, utf32_decoder<opt_true>());
    }

    // source encoding is latin1
    if (encoding == encoding_latin1)
      return convert_buffer_latin1(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, is_mutable);

    assert(false && "Invalid encoding"); // unreachable
    return false;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t as_utf8_begin(const wchar_t* str, size_t length)
  {
    // get length in utf8 characters
    return wchar_decoder::process(str, length, 0, utf8_counter());
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void as_utf8_end(char* buffer, size_t size, const wchar_t* str, size_t length)
  {
    // convert to utf8
    uint8_t* begin = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer);
    uint8_t* end = wchar_decoder::process(str, length, begin, utf8_writer());

    assert(begin + size == end);
    (void)!end;
    (void)!size;
  }

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
  PUGI_IMPL_FN std::string as_utf8_impl(const wchar_t* str, size_t length)
  {
    // first pass: get length in utf8 characters
    size_t size = as_utf8_begin(str, length);

    // allocate resulting string
    std::string result;
    result.resize(size);

    // second pass: convert to utf8
    if (size > 0) as_utf8_end(&result[0], size, str, length);

    return result;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN std::basic_string<wchar_t> as_wide_impl(const char* str, size_t size)
  {
    const uint8_t* data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(str);

    // first pass: get length in wchar_t units
    size_t length = utf8_decoder::process(data, size, 0, wchar_counter());

    // allocate resulting string
    std::basic_string<wchar_t> result;
    result.resize(length);

    // second pass: convert to wchar_t
    if (length > 0)
    {
      wchar_writer::value_type begin = reinterpret_cast<wchar_writer::value_type>(&result[0]);
      wchar_writer::value_type end = utf8_decoder::process(data, size, begin, wchar_writer());

      assert(begin + length == end);
      (void)!end;
    }

    return result;
  }
#endif

  template <typename Header>
  inline bool strcpy_insitu_allow(size_t length, const Header& header, uintptr_t header_mask, char_t* target)
  {
    // never reuse shared memory
    if (header & xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask) return false;

    size_t target_length = strlength(target);

    // always reuse document buffer memory if possible
    if ((header & header_mask) == 0) return target_length >= length;

    // reuse heap memory if waste is not too great
    const size_t reuse_threshold = 32;

    return target_length >= length && (target_length < reuse_threshold || target_length - length < target_length / 2);
  }

  template <typename String, typename Header>
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool strcpy_insitu(String& dest, Header& header, uintptr_t header_mask, const char_t* source, size_t source_length)
  {
    assert((header & header_mask) == 0 || dest); // header bit indicates whether dest was previously allocated

    if (source_length == 0)
    {
      // empty string and null pointer are equivalent, so just deallocate old memory
      xml_allocator* alloc = PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE_IMPL(header)->allocator;

      if (header & header_mask) alloc->deallocate_string(dest);

      // mark the string as not allocated
      dest = NULL;
      header &= ~header_mask;

      return true;
    }
    else if (dest && strcpy_insitu_allow(source_length, header, header_mask, dest))
    {
      // we can reuse old buffer, so just copy the new data (including zero terminator)
      memcpy(dest, source, source_length * sizeof(char_t));
      dest[source_length] = 0;

      return true;
    }
    else
    {
      xml_allocator* alloc = PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE_IMPL(header)->allocator;

      if (!alloc->reserve()) return false;

      // allocate new buffer
      char_t* buf = alloc->allocate_string(source_length + 1);
      if (!buf) return false;

      // copy the string (including zero terminator)
      memcpy(buf, source, source_length * sizeof(char_t));
      buf[source_length] = 0;

      // deallocate old buffer (*after* the above to protect against overlapping memory and/or allocation failures)
      if (header & header_mask) alloc->deallocate_string(dest);

      // the string is now allocated, so set the flag
      dest = buf;
      header |= header_mask;

      return true;
    }
  }

  struct gap
  {
    char_t* end;
    size_t size;

    gap(): end(NULL), size(0)
    {
    }

    // Push new gap, move s count bytes further (skipping the gap).
    // Collapse previous gap.
    void push(char_t*& s, size_t count)
    {
      if (end) // there was a gap already; collapse it
      {
        // Move [old_gap_end, new_gap_start) to [old_gap_start, ...)
        assert(s >= end);
        memmove(end - size, end, (s - end) * sizeof(char_t));
      }

      s += count; // end of current gap

      // "merge" two gaps
      end = s;
      size += count;
    }

    // Collapse all gaps, return past-the-end pointer
    char_t* flush(char_t* s)
    {
      if (end)
      {
        // Move [old_gap_end, current_pos) to [old_gap_start, ...)
        assert(s >= end);
        memmove(end - size, end, (s - end) * sizeof(char_t));

        return s - size;
      }
      else return s;
    }
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN char_t* strconv_escape(char_t* s, gap& g)
  {
    char_t* stre = s + 1;

    switch (*stre)
    {
      case '#': // &#...
      {
        unsigned int ucsc = 0;

        if (stre[1] == 'x') // &#x... (hex code)
        {
          stre += 2;

          char_t ch = *stre;

          if (ch == ';') return stre;

          for (;;)
          {
            if (static_cast<unsigned int>(ch - '0') <= 9)
              ucsc = 16 * ucsc + (ch - '0');
            else if (static_cast<unsigned int>((ch | ' ') - 'a') <= 5)
              ucsc = 16 * ucsc + ((ch | ' ') - 'a' + 10);
            else if (ch == ';')
              break;
            else // cancel
              return stre;

            ch = *++stre;
          }

          ++stre;
        }
        else  // &#... (dec code)
        {
          char_t ch = *++stre;

          if (ch == ';') return stre;

          for (;;)
          {
            if (static_cast<unsigned int>(ch - '0') <= 9)
              ucsc = 10 * ucsc + (ch - '0');
            else if (ch == ';')
              break;
            else // cancel
              return stre;

            ch = *++stre;
          }

          ++stre;
        }

      #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
        s = reinterpret_cast<char_t*>(wchar_writer::any(reinterpret_cast<wchar_writer::value_type>(s), ucsc));
      #else
        s = reinterpret_cast<char_t*>(utf8_writer::any(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(s), ucsc));
      #endif

        g.push(s, stre - s);
        return stre;
      }

      case 'a': // &a
      {
        ++stre;

        if (*stre == 'm') // &am
        {
          if (*++stre == 'p' && *++stre == ';') // &amp;
          {
            *s++ = '&';
            ++stre;

            g.push(s, stre - s);
            return stre;
          }
        }
        else if (*stre == 'p') // &ap
        {
          if (*++stre == 'o' && *++stre == 's' && *++stre == ';') // &apos;
          {
            *s++ = '\'';
            ++stre;

            g.push(s, stre - s);
            return stre;
          }
        }
        break;
      }

      case 'g': // &g
      {
        if (*++stre == 't' && *++stre == ';') // &gt;
        {
          *s++ = '>';
          ++stre;

          g.push(s, stre - s);
          return stre;
        }
        break;
      }

      case 'l': // &l
      {
        if (*++stre == 't' && *++stre == ';') // &lt;
        {
          *s++ = '<';
          ++stre;

          g.push(s, stre - s);
          return stre;
        }
        break;
      }

      case 'q': // &q
      {
        if (*++stre == 'u' && *++stre == 'o' && *++stre == 't' && *++stre == ';') // &quot;
        {
          *s++ = '"';
          ++stre;

          g.push(s, stre - s);
          return stre;
        }
        break;
      }

      default:
        break;
    }

    return stre;
  }

  // Parser utilities
  #define PUGI_IMPL_ENDSWITH(c, e)        ((c) == (e) || ((c) == 0 && endch == (e)))
  #define PUGI_IMPL_SKIPWS()              { while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_space)) ++s; }
  #define PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(OPT)           ( optmsk & (OPT) )
  #define PUGI_IMPL_PUSHNODE(TYPE)        { cursor = append_new_node(cursor, *alloc, TYPE); if (!cursor) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_out_of_memory, s); }
  #define PUGI_IMPL_POPNODE()             { cursor = cursor->parent; }
  #define PUGI_IMPL_SCANFOR(X)            { while (*s != 0 && !(X)) ++s; }
  #define PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE(X)          { while (X) ++s; }
  #define PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE_UNROLL(X)   { for (;;) { char_t ss = s[0]; if (PUGI_IMPL_UNLIKELY(!(X))) { break; } ss = s[1]; if (PUGI_IMPL_UNLIKELY(!(X))) { s += 1; break; } ss = s[2]; if (PUGI_IMPL_UNLIKELY(!(X))) { s += 2; break; } ss = s[3]; if (PUGI_IMPL_UNLIKELY(!(X))) { s += 3; break; } s += 4; } }
  #define PUGI_IMPL_ENDSEG()              { ch = *s; *s = 0; ++s; }
  #define PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(err, m)   return error_offset = m, error_status = err, static_cast<char_t*>(NULL)
  #define PUGI_IMPL_CHECK_ERROR(err, m)   { if (*s == 0) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(err, m); }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN char_t* strconv_comment(char_t* s, char_t endch)
  {
    gap g;

    while (true)
    {
      PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE_UNROLL(!PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ss, ct_parse_comment));

      if (*s == '\r') // Either a single 0x0d or 0x0d 0x0a pair
      {
        *s++ = '\n'; // replace first one with 0x0a

        if (*s == '\n') g.push(s, 1);
      }
      else if (s[0] == '-' && s[1] == '-' && PUGI_IMPL_ENDSWITH(s[2], '>')) // comment ends here
      {
        *g.flush(s) = 0;

        return s + (s[2] == '>' ? 3 : 2);
      }
      else if (*s == 0)
      {
        return NULL;
      }
      else ++s;
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN char_t* strconv_cdata(char_t* s, char_t endch)
  {
    gap g;

    while (true)
    {
      PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE_UNROLL(!PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ss, ct_parse_cdata));

      if (*s == '\r') // Either a single 0x0d or 0x0d 0x0a pair
      {
        *s++ = '\n'; // replace first one with 0x0a

        if (*s == '\n') g.push(s, 1);
      }
      else if (s[0] == ']' && s[1] == ']' && PUGI_IMPL_ENDSWITH(s[2], '>')) // CDATA ends here
      {
        *g.flush(s) = 0;

        return s + 1;
      }
      else if (*s == 0)
      {
        return NULL;
      }
      else ++s;
    }
  }

  typedef char_t* (*strconv_pcdata_t)(char_t*);

  template <typename opt_trim, typename opt_eol, typename opt_escape> struct strconv_pcdata_impl
  {
    static char_t* parse(char_t* s)
    {
      gap g;

      char_t* begin = s;

      while (true)
      {
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE_UNROLL(!PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ss, ct_parse_pcdata));

        if (*s == '<') // PCDATA ends here
        {
          char_t* end = g.flush(s);

          if (opt_trim::value)
            while (end > begin && PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(end[-1], ct_space))
              --end;

          *end = 0;

          return s + 1;
        }
        else if (opt_eol::value && *s == '\r') // Either a single 0x0d or 0x0d 0x0a pair
        {
          *s++ = '\n'; // replace first one with 0x0a

          if (*s == '\n') g.push(s, 1);
        }
        else if (opt_escape::value && *s == '&')
        {
          s = strconv_escape(s, g);
        }
        else if (*s == 0)
        {
          char_t* end = g.flush(s);

          if (opt_trim::value)
            while (end > begin && PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(end[-1], ct_space))
              --end;

          *end = 0;

          return s;
        }
        else ++s;
      }
    }
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN strconv_pcdata_t get_strconv_pcdata(unsigned int optmask)
  {
    PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(parse_escapes == 0x10 && parse_eol == 0x20 && parse_trim_pcdata == 0x0800);

    switch (((optmask >> 4) & 3) | ((optmask >> 9) & 4)) // get bitmask for flags (trim eol escapes); this simultaneously checks 3 options from assertion above
    {
    case 0: return strconv_pcdata_impl<opt_false, opt_false, opt_false>::parse;
    case 1: return strconv_pcdata_impl<opt_false, opt_false, opt_true>::parse;
    case 2: return strconv_pcdata_impl<opt_false, opt_true, opt_false>::parse;
    case 3: return strconv_pcdata_impl<opt_false, opt_true, opt_true>::parse;
    case 4: return strconv_pcdata_impl<opt_true, opt_false, opt_false>::parse;
    case 5: return strconv_pcdata_impl<opt_true, opt_false, opt_true>::parse;
    case 6: return strconv_pcdata_impl<opt_true, opt_true, opt_false>::parse;
    case 7: return strconv_pcdata_impl<opt_true, opt_true, opt_true>::parse;
    default: assert(false); return NULL; // unreachable
    }
  }

  typedef char_t* (*strconv_attribute_t)(char_t*, char_t);

  template <typename opt_escape> struct strconv_attribute_impl
  {
    static char_t* parse_wnorm(char_t* s, char_t end_quote)
    {
      gap g;

      // trim leading whitespaces
      if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_space))
      {
        char_t* str = s;

        do ++str;
        while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*str, ct_space));

        g.push(s, str - s);
      }

      while (true)
      {
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE_UNROLL(!PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ss, ct_parse_attr_ws | ct_space));

        if (*s == end_quote)
        {
          char_t* str = g.flush(s);

          do *str-- = 0;
          while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*str, ct_space));

          return s + 1;
        }
        else if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_space))
        {
          *s++ = ' ';

          if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_space))
          {
            char_t* str = s + 1;
            while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*str, ct_space)) ++str;

            g.push(s, str - s);
          }
        }
        else if (opt_escape::value && *s == '&')
        {
          s = strconv_escape(s, g);
        }
        else if (!*s)
        {
          return NULL;
        }
        else ++s;
      }
    }

    static char_t* parse_wconv(char_t* s, char_t end_quote)
    {
      gap g;

      while (true)
      {
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE_UNROLL(!PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ss, ct_parse_attr_ws));

        if (*s == end_quote)
        {
          *g.flush(s) = 0;

          return s + 1;
        }
        else if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_space))
        {
          if (*s == '\r')
          {
            *s++ = ' ';

            if (*s == '\n') g.push(s, 1);
          }
          else *s++ = ' ';
        }
        else if (opt_escape::value && *s == '&')
        {
          s = strconv_escape(s, g);
        }
        else if (!*s)
        {
          return NULL;
        }
        else ++s;
      }
    }

    static char_t* parse_eol(char_t* s, char_t end_quote)
    {
      gap g;

      while (true)
      {
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE_UNROLL(!PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ss, ct_parse_attr));

        if (*s == end_quote)
        {
          *g.flush(s) = 0;

          return s + 1;
        }
        else if (*s == '\r')
        {
          *s++ = '\n';

          if (*s == '\n') g.push(s, 1);
        }
        else if (opt_escape::value && *s == '&')
        {
          s = strconv_escape(s, g);
        }
        else if (!*s)
        {
          return NULL;
        }
        else ++s;
      }
    }

    static char_t* parse_simple(char_t* s, char_t end_quote)
    {
      gap g;

      while (true)
      {
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE_UNROLL(!PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ss, ct_parse_attr));

        if (*s == end_quote)
        {
          *g.flush(s) = 0;

          return s + 1;
        }
        else if (opt_escape::value && *s == '&')
        {
          s = strconv_escape(s, g);
        }
        else if (!*s)
        {
          return NULL;
        }
        else ++s;
      }
    }
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN strconv_attribute_t get_strconv_attribute(unsigned int optmask)
  {
    PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(parse_escapes == 0x10 && parse_eol == 0x20 && parse_wconv_attribute == 0x40 && parse_wnorm_attribute == 0x80);

    switch ((optmask >> 4) & 15) // get bitmask for flags (wnorm wconv eol escapes); this simultaneously checks 4 options from assertion above
    {
    case 0:  return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_simple;
    case 1:  return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_simple;
    case 2:  return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_eol;
    case 3:  return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_eol;
    case 4:  return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_wconv;
    case 5:  return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_wconv;
    case 6:  return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_wconv;
    case 7:  return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_wconv;
    case 8:  return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_wnorm;
    case 9:  return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_wnorm;
    case 10: return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_wnorm;
    case 11: return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_wnorm;
    case 12: return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_wnorm;
    case 13: return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_wnorm;
    case 14: return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_wnorm;
    case 15: return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_wnorm;
    default: assert(false); return NULL; // unreachable
    }
  }

  inline xml_parse_result make_parse_result(xml_parse_status status, ptrdiff_t offset = 0)
  {
    xml_parse_result result;
    result.status = status;
    result.offset = offset;

    return result;
  }

  struct xml_parser
  {
    xml_allocator* alloc;
    char_t* error_offset;
    xml_parse_status error_status;

    xml_parser(xml_allocator* alloc_): alloc(alloc_), error_offset(NULL), error_status(status_ok)
    {
    }

    // DOCTYPE consists of nested sections of the following possible types:
    // <!-- ... -->, <? ... ?>, "...", '...'
    // <![...]]>
    // <!...>
    // First group can not contain nested groups
    // Second group can contain nested groups of the same type
    // Third group can contain all other groups
    char_t* parse_doctype_primitive(char_t* s)
    {
      if (*s == '"' || *s == '\'')
      {
        // quoted string
        char_t ch = *s++;
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANFOR(*s == ch);
        if (!*s) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);

        s++;
      }
      else if (s[0] == '<' && s[1] == '?')
      {
        // <? ... ?>
        s += 2;
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANFOR(s[0] == '?' && s[1] == '>'); // no need for ENDSWITH because ?> can't terminate proper doctype
        if (!*s) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);

        s += 2;
      }
      else if (s[0] == '<' && s[1] == '!' && s[2] == '-' && s[3] == '-')
      {
        s += 4;
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANFOR(s[0] == '-' && s[1] == '-' && s[2] == '>'); // no need for ENDSWITH because --> can't terminate proper doctype
        if (!*s) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);

        s += 3;
      }
      else PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);

      return s;
    }

    char_t* parse_doctype_ignore(char_t* s)
    {
      size_t depth = 0;

      assert(s[0] == '<' && s[1] == '!' && s[2] == '[');
      s += 3;

      while (*s)
      {
        if (s[0] == '<' && s[1] == '!' && s[2] == '[')
        {
          // nested ignore section
          s += 3;
          depth++;
        }
        else if (s[0] == ']' && s[1] == ']' && s[2] == '>')
        {
          // ignore section end
          s += 3;

          if (depth == 0)
            return s;

          depth--;
        }
        else s++;
      }

      PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);
    }

    char_t* parse_doctype_group(char_t* s, char_t endch)
    {
      size_t depth = 0;

      assert((s[0] == '<' || s[0] == 0) && s[1] == '!');
      s += 2;

      while (*s)
      {
        if (s[0] == '<' && s[1] == '!' && s[2] != '-')
        {
          if (s[2] == '[')
          {
            // ignore
            s = parse_doctype_ignore(s);
            if (!s) return s;
          }
          else
          {
            // some control group
            s += 2;
            depth++;
          }
        }
        else if (s[0] == '<' || s[0] == '"' || s[0] == '\'')
        {
          // unknown tag (forbidden), or some primitive group
          s = parse_doctype_primitive(s);
          if (!s) return s;
        }
        else if (*s == '>')
        {
          if (depth == 0)
            return s;

          depth--;
          s++;
        }
        else s++;
      }

      if (depth != 0 || endch != '>') PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);

      return s;
    }

    char_t* parse_exclamation(char_t* s, xml_node_struct* cursor, unsigned int optmsk, char_t endch)
    {
      // parse node contents, starting with exclamation mark
      ++s;

      if (*s == '-') // '<!-...'
      {
        ++s;

        if (*s == '-') // '<!--...'
        {
          ++s;

          if (PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_comments))
          {
            PUGI_IMPL_PUSHNODE(node_comment); // Append a new node on the tree.
            cursor->value = s; // Save the offset.
          }

          if (PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_eol) && PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_comments))
          {
            s = strconv_comment(s, endch);

            if (!s) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_comment, cursor->value);
          }
          else
          {
            // Scan for terminating '-->'.
            PUGI_IMPL_SCANFOR(s[0] == '-' && s[1] == '-' && PUGI_IMPL_ENDSWITH(s[2], '>'));
            PUGI_IMPL_CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_comment, s);

            if (PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_comments))
              *s = 0; // Zero-terminate this segment at the first terminating '-'.

            s += (s[2] == '>' ? 3 : 2); // Step over the '\0->'.
          }
        }
        else PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_comment, s);
      }
      else if (*s == '[')
      {
        // '<![CDATA[...'
        if (*++s=='C' && *++s=='D' && *++s=='A' && *++s=='T' && *++s=='A' && *++s == '[')
        {
          ++s;

          if (PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_cdata))
          {
            PUGI_IMPL_PUSHNODE(node_cdata); // Append a new node on the tree.
            cursor->value = s; // Save the offset.

            if (PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_eol))
            {
              s = strconv_cdata(s, endch);

              if (!s) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_cdata, cursor->value);
            }
            else
            {
              // Scan for terminating ']]>'.
              PUGI_IMPL_SCANFOR(s[0] == ']' && s[1] == ']' && PUGI_IMPL_ENDSWITH(s[2], '>'));
              PUGI_IMPL_CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_cdata, s);

              *s++ = 0; // Zero-terminate this segment.
            }
          }
          else // Flagged for discard, but we still have to scan for the terminator.
          {
            // Scan for terminating ']]>'.
            PUGI_IMPL_SCANFOR(s[0] == ']' && s[1] == ']' && PUGI_IMPL_ENDSWITH(s[2], '>'));
            PUGI_IMPL_CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_cdata, s);

            ++s;
          }

          s += (s[1] == '>' ? 2 : 1); // Step over the last ']>'.
        }
        else PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_cdata, s);
      }
      else if (s[0] == 'D' && s[1] == 'O' && s[2] == 'C' && s[3] == 'T' && s[4] == 'Y' && s[5] == 'P' && PUGI_IMPL_ENDSWITH(s[6], 'E'))
      {
        s -= 2;

        if (cursor->parent) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);

        char_t* mark = s + 9;

        s = parse_doctype_group(s, endch);
        if (!s) return s;

        assert((*s == 0 && endch == '>') || *s == '>');
        if (*s) *s++ = 0;

        if (PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_doctype))
        {
          while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*mark, ct_space)) ++mark;

          PUGI_IMPL_PUSHNODE(node_doctype);

          cursor->value = mark;
        }
      }
      else if (*s == 0 && endch == '-') PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_comment, s);
      else if (*s == 0 && endch == '[') PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_cdata, s);
      else PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_unrecognized_tag, s);

      return s;
    }

    char_t* parse_question(char_t* s, xml_node_struct*& ref_cursor, unsigned int optmsk, char_t endch)
    {
      // load into registers
      xml_node_struct* cursor = ref_cursor;
      char_t ch = 0;

      // parse node contents, starting with question mark
      ++s;

      // read PI target
      char_t* target = s;

      if (!PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_start_symbol)) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);

      PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE(PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_symbol));
      PUGI_IMPL_CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);

      // determine node type; stricmp / strcasecmp is not portable
      bool declaration = (target[0] | ' ') == 'x' && (target[1] | ' ') == 'm' && (target[2] | ' ') == 'l' && target + 3 == s;

      if (declaration ? PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_declaration) : PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_pi))
      {
        if (declaration)
        {
          // disallow non top-level declarations
          if (cursor->parent) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);

          PUGI_IMPL_PUSHNODE(node_declaration);
        }
        else
        {
          PUGI_IMPL_PUSHNODE(node_pi);
        }

        cursor->name = target;

        PUGI_IMPL_ENDSEG();

        // parse value/attributes
        if (ch == '?')
        {
          // empty node
          if (!PUGI_IMPL_ENDSWITH(*s, '>')) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);
          s += (*s == '>');

          PUGI_IMPL_POPNODE();
        }
        else if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ch, ct_space))
        {
          PUGI_IMPL_SKIPWS();

          // scan for tag end
          char_t* value = s;

          PUGI_IMPL_SCANFOR(s[0] == '?' && PUGI_IMPL_ENDSWITH(s[1], '>'));
          PUGI_IMPL_CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);

          if (declaration)
          {
            // replace ending ? with / so that 'element' terminates properly
            *s = '/';

            // we exit from this function with cursor at node_declaration, which is a signal to parse() to go to LOC_ATTRIBUTES
            s = value;
          }
          else
          {
            // store value and step over >
            cursor->value = value;

            PUGI_IMPL_POPNODE();

            PUGI_IMPL_ENDSEG();

            s += (*s == '>');
          }
        }
        else PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);
      }
      else
      {
        // scan for tag end
        PUGI_IMPL_SCANFOR(s[0] == '?' && PUGI_IMPL_ENDSWITH(s[1], '>'));
        PUGI_IMPL_CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);

        s += (s[1] == '>' ? 2 : 1);
      }

      // store from registers
      ref_cursor = cursor;

      return s;
    }

    char_t* parse_tree(char_t* s, xml_node_struct* root, unsigned int optmsk, char_t endch)
    {
      strconv_attribute_t strconv_attribute = get_strconv_attribute(optmsk);
      strconv_pcdata_t strconv_pcdata = get_strconv_pcdata(optmsk);

      char_t ch = 0;
      xml_node_struct* cursor = root;
      char_t* mark = s;
      char_t* merged_pcdata = s;

      while (*s != 0)
      {
        if (*s == '<')
        {
          ++s;

        LOC_TAG:
          if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_start_symbol)) // '<#...'
          {
            PUGI_IMPL_PUSHNODE(node_element); // Append a new node to the tree.

            cursor->name = s;

            PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE_UNROLL(PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ss, ct_symbol)); // Scan for a terminator.
            PUGI_IMPL_ENDSEG(); // Save char in 'ch', terminate & step over.

            if (ch == '>')
            {
              // end of tag
            }
            else if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ch, ct_space))
            {
            LOC_ATTRIBUTES:
              while (true)
              {
                PUGI_IMPL_SKIPWS(); // Eat any whitespace.

                if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_start_symbol)) // <... #...
                {
                  xml_attribute_struct* a = append_new_attribute(cursor, *alloc); // Make space for this attribute.
                  if (!a) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_out_of_memory, s);

                  a->name = s; // Save the offset.

                  PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE_UNROLL(PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ss, ct_symbol)); // Scan for a terminator.
                  PUGI_IMPL_ENDSEG(); // Save char in 'ch', terminate & step over.

                  if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ch, ct_space))
                  {
                    PUGI_IMPL_SKIPWS(); // Eat any whitespace.

                    ch = *s;
                    ++s;
                  }

                  if (ch == '=') // '<... #=...'
                  {
                    PUGI_IMPL_SKIPWS(); // Eat any whitespace.

                    if (*s == '"' || *s == '\'') // '<... #="...'
                    {
                      ch = *s; // Save quote char to avoid breaking on "''" -or- '""'.
                      ++s; // Step over the quote.
                      a->value = s; // Save the offset.

                      s = strconv_attribute(s, ch);

                      if (!s) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_attribute, a->value);

                      // After this line the loop continues from the start;
                      // Whitespaces, / and > are ok, symbols and EOF are wrong,
                      // everything else will be detected
                      if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_start_symbol)) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_attribute, s);
                    }
                    else PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_attribute, s);
                  }
                  else PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_attribute, s);
                }
                else if (*s == '/')
                {
                  ++s;

                  if (*s == '>')
                  {
                    PUGI_IMPL_POPNODE();
                    s++;
                    break;
                  }
                  else if (*s == 0 && endch == '>')
                  {
                    PUGI_IMPL_POPNODE();
                    break;
                  }
                  else PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_start_element, s);
                }
                else if (*s == '>')
                {
                  ++s;

                  break;
                }
                else if (*s == 0 && endch == '>')
                {
                  break;
                }
                else PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_start_element, s);
              }

              // !!!
            }
            else if (ch == '/') // '<#.../'
            {
              if (!PUGI_IMPL_ENDSWITH(*s, '>')) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_start_element, s);

              PUGI_IMPL_POPNODE(); // Pop.

              s += (*s == '>');
            }
            else if (ch == 0)
            {
              // we stepped over null terminator, backtrack & handle closing tag
              --s;

              if (endch != '>') PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_start_element, s);
            }
            else PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_start_element, s);
          }
          else if (*s == '/')
          {
            ++s;

            mark = s;

            char_t* name = cursor->name;
            if (!name) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_end_element_mismatch, mark);

            while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_symbol))
            {
              if (*s++ != *name++) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_end_element_mismatch, mark);
            }

            if (*name)
            {
              if (*s == 0 && name[0] == endch && name[1] == 0) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_end_element, s);
              else PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_end_element_mismatch, mark);
            }

            PUGI_IMPL_POPNODE(); // Pop.

            PUGI_IMPL_SKIPWS();

            if (*s == 0)
            {
              if (endch != '>') PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_end_element, s);
            }
            else
            {
              if (*s != '>') PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_end_element, s);
              ++s;
            }
          }
          else if (*s == '?') // '<?...'
          {
            s = parse_question(s, cursor, optmsk, endch);
            if (!s) return s;

            assert(cursor);
            if (PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(cursor) == node_declaration) goto LOC_ATTRIBUTES;
          }
          else if (*s == '!') // '<!...'
          {
            s = parse_exclamation(s, cursor, optmsk, endch);
            if (!s) return s;
          }
          else if (*s == 0 && endch == '?') PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);
          else PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_unrecognized_tag, s);
        }
        else
        {
          mark = s; // Save this offset while searching for a terminator.

          PUGI_IMPL_SKIPWS(); // Eat whitespace if no genuine PCDATA here.

          if (*s == '<' || !*s)
          {
            // We skipped some whitespace characters because otherwise we would take the tag branch instead of PCDATA one
            assert(mark != s);

            if (!PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_ws_pcdata | parse_ws_pcdata_single) || PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_trim_pcdata))
            {
              continue;
            }
            else if (PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_ws_pcdata_single))
            {
              if (s[0] != '<' || s[1] != '/' || cursor->first_child) continue;
            }
          }

          if (!PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_trim_pcdata))
            s = mark;

          if (cursor->parent || PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_fragment))
          {
            char_t* parsed_pcdata = s;

            s = strconv_pcdata(s);

            if (PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_embed_pcdata) && cursor->parent && !cursor->first_child && !cursor->value)
            {
              cursor->value = parsed_pcdata; // Save the offset.
            }
            else if (PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_merge_pcdata) && cursor->first_child && PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(cursor->first_child->prev_sibling_c) == node_pcdata)
            {
              assert(merged_pcdata >= cursor->first_child->prev_sibling_c->value);

              // Catch up to the end of last parsed value; only needed for the first fragment.
              merged_pcdata += strlength(merged_pcdata);

              size_t length = strlength(parsed_pcdata);

              // Must use memmove instead of memcpy as this move may overlap
              memmove(merged_pcdata, parsed_pcdata, (length + 1) * sizeof(char_t));
              merged_pcdata += length;
            }
            else
            {
              xml_node_struct* prev_cursor = cursor;
              PUGI_IMPL_PUSHNODE(node_pcdata); // Append a new node on the tree.

              cursor->value = parsed_pcdata; // Save the offset.
              merged_pcdata = parsed_pcdata; // Used for parse_merge_pcdata above, cheaper to save unconditionally

              cursor = prev_cursor; // Pop since this is a standalone.
            }

            if (!*s) break;
          }
          else
          {
            PUGI_IMPL_SCANFOR(*s == '<'); // '...<'
            if (!*s) break;

            ++s;
          }

          // We're after '<'
          goto LOC_TAG;
        }
      }

      // check that last tag is closed
      if (cursor != root) PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR(status_end_element_mismatch, s);

      return s;
    }

  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    static char_t* parse_skip_bom(char_t* s)
    {
      unsigned int bom = 0xfeff;
      return (s[0] == static_cast<wchar_t>(bom)) ? s + 1 : s;
    }
  #else
    static char_t* parse_skip_bom(char_t* s)
    {
      return (s[0] == '\xef' && s[1] == '\xbb' && s[2] == '\xbf') ? s + 3 : s;
    }
  #endif

    static bool has_element_node_siblings(xml_node_struct* node)
    {
      while (node)
      {
        if (PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(node) == node_element) return true;

        node = node->next_sibling;
      }

      return false;
    }

    static xml_parse_result parse(char_t* buffer, size_t length, xml_document_struct* xmldoc, xml_node_struct* root, unsigned int optmsk)
    {
      // early-out for empty documents
      if (length == 0)
        return make_parse_result(PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_fragment) ? status_ok : status_no_document_element);

      // get last child of the root before parsing
      xml_node_struct* last_root_child = root->first_child ? root->first_child->prev_sibling_c + 0 : NULL;

      // create parser on stack
      xml_parser parser(static_cast<xml_allocator*>(xmldoc));

      // save last character and make buffer zero-terminated (speeds up parsing)
      char_t endch = buffer[length - 1];
      buffer[length - 1] = 0;

      // skip BOM to make sure it does not end up as part of parse output
      char_t* buffer_data = parse_skip_bom(buffer);

      // perform actual parsing
      parser.parse_tree(buffer_data, root, optmsk, endch);

      xml_parse_result result = make_parse_result(parser.error_status, parser.error_offset ? parser.error_offset - buffer : 0);
      assert(result.offset >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(result.offset) <= length);

      if (result)
      {
        // since we removed last character, we have to handle the only possible false positive (stray <)
        if (endch == '<')
          return make_parse_result(status_unrecognized_tag, length - 1);

        // check if there are any element nodes parsed
        xml_node_struct* first_root_child_parsed = last_root_child ? last_root_child->next_sibling + 0 : root->first_child + 0;

        if (!PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET(parse_fragment) && !has_element_node_siblings(first_root_child_parsed))
          return make_parse_result(status_no_document_element, length - 1);
      }
      else
      {
        // roll back offset if it occurs on a null terminator in the source buffer
        if (result.offset > 0 && static_cast<size_t>(result.offset) == length - 1 && endch == 0)
          result.offset--;
      }

      return result;
    }
  };

  // Output facilities
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_encoding get_write_native_encoding()
  {
  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    return get_wchar_encoding();
  #else
    return encoding_utf8;
  #endif
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_encoding get_write_encoding(xml_encoding encoding)
  {
    // replace wchar encoding with utf implementation
    if (encoding == encoding_wchar) return get_wchar_encoding();

    // replace utf16 encoding with utf16 with specific endianness
    if (encoding == encoding_utf16) return is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;

    // replace utf32 encoding with utf32 with specific endianness
    if (encoding == encoding_utf32) return is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;

    // only do autodetection if no explicit encoding is requested
    if (encoding != encoding_auto) return encoding;

    // assume utf8 encoding
    return encoding_utf8;
  }

  template <typename D, typename T> PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t convert_buffer_output_generic(typename T::value_type dest, const char_t* data, size_t length, D, T)
  {
    PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(char_t) == sizeof(typename D::type));

    typename T::value_type end = D::process(reinterpret_cast<const typename D::type*>(data), length, dest, T());

    return static_cast<size_t>(end - dest) * sizeof(*dest);
  }

  template <typename D, typename T> PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t convert_buffer_output_generic(typename T::value_type dest, const char_t* data, size_t length, D, T, bool opt_swap)
  {
    PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(char_t) == sizeof(typename D::type));

    typename T::value_type end = D::process(reinterpret_cast<const typename D::type*>(data), length, dest, T());

    if (opt_swap)
    {
      for (typename T::value_type i = dest; i != end; ++i)
        *i = endian_swap(*i);
    }

    return static_cast<size_t>(end - dest) * sizeof(*dest);
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t get_valid_length(const char_t* data, size_t length)
  {
    if (length < 1) return 0;

    // discard last character if it's the lead of a surrogate pair
    return (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 && static_cast<unsigned int>(static_cast<uint16_t>(data[length - 1]) - 0xD800) < 0x400) ? length - 1 : length;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t convert_buffer_output(char_t* r_char, uint8_t* r_u8, uint16_t* r_u16, uint32_t* r_u32, const char_t* data, size_t length, xml_encoding encoding)
  {
    // only endian-swapping is required
    if (need_endian_swap_utf(encoding, get_wchar_encoding()))
    {
      convert_wchar_endian_swap(r_char, data, length);

      return length * sizeof(char_t);
    }

    // convert to utf8
    if (encoding == encoding_utf8)
      return convert_buffer_output_generic(r_u8, data, length, wchar_decoder(), utf8_writer());

    // convert to utf16
    if (encoding == encoding_utf16_be || encoding == encoding_utf16_le)
    {
      xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;

      return convert_buffer_output_generic(r_u16, data, length, wchar_decoder(), utf16_writer(), native_encoding != encoding);
    }

    // convert to utf32
    if (encoding == encoding_utf32_be || encoding == encoding_utf32_le)
    {
      xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;

      return convert_buffer_output_generic(r_u32, data, length, wchar_decoder(), utf32_writer(), native_encoding != encoding);
    }

    // convert to latin1
    if (encoding == encoding_latin1)
      return convert_buffer_output_generic(r_u8, data, length, wchar_decoder(), latin1_writer());

    assert(false && "Invalid encoding"); // unreachable
    return 0;
  }
#else
  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t get_valid_length(const char_t* data, size_t length)
  {
    if (length < 5) return 0;

    for (size_t i = 1; i <= 4; ++i)
    {
      uint8_t ch = static_cast<uint8_t>(data[length - i]);

      // either a standalone character or a leading one
      if ((ch & 0xc0) != 0x80) return length - i;
    }

    // there are four non-leading characters at the end, sequence tail is broken so might as well process the whole chunk
    return length;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t convert_buffer_output(char_t* /* r_char */, uint8_t* r_u8, uint16_t* r_u16, uint32_t* r_u32, const char_t* data, size_t length, xml_encoding encoding)
  {
    if (encoding == encoding_utf16_be || encoding == encoding_utf16_le)
    {
      xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;

      return convert_buffer_output_generic(r_u16, data, length, utf8_decoder(), utf16_writer(), native_encoding != encoding);
    }

    if (encoding == encoding_utf32_be || encoding == encoding_utf32_le)
    {
      xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;

      return convert_buffer_output_generic(r_u32, data, length, utf8_decoder(), utf32_writer(), native_encoding != encoding);
    }

    if (encoding == encoding_latin1)
      return convert_buffer_output_generic(r_u8, data, length, utf8_decoder(), latin1_writer());

    assert(false && "Invalid encoding"); // unreachable
    return 0;
  }
#endif

  class xml_buffered_writer
  {
    xml_buffered_writer(const xml_buffered_writer&);
    xml_buffered_writer& operator=(const xml_buffered_writer&);

  public:
    xml_buffered_writer(xml_writer& writer_, xml_encoding user_encoding): writer(writer_), bufsize(0), encoding(get_write_encoding(user_encoding))
    {
      PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(bufcapacity >= 8);
    }

    size_t flush()
    {
      flush(buffer, bufsize);
      bufsize = 0;
      return 0;
    }

    void flush(const char_t* data, size_t size)
    {
      if (size == 0) return;

      // fast path, just write data
      if (encoding == get_write_native_encoding())
        writer.write(data, size * sizeof(char_t));
      else
      {
        // convert chunk
        size_t result = convert_buffer_output(scratch.data_char, scratch.data_u8, scratch.data_u16, scratch.data_u32, data, size, encoding);
        assert(result <= sizeof(scratch));

        // write data
        writer.write(scratch.data_u8, result);
      }
    }

    void write_direct(const char_t* data, size_t length)
    {
      // flush the remaining buffer contents
      flush();

      // handle large chunks
      if (length > bufcapacity)
      {
        if (encoding == get_write_native_encoding())
        {
          // fast path, can just write data chunk
          writer.write(data, length * sizeof(char_t));
          return;
        }

        // need to convert in suitable chunks
        while (length > bufcapacity)
        {
          // get chunk size by selecting such number of characters that are guaranteed to fit into scratch buffer
          // and form a complete codepoint sequence (i.e. discard start of last codepoint if necessary)
          size_t chunk_size = get_valid_length(data, bufcapacity);
          assert(chunk_size);

          // convert chunk and write
          flush(data, chunk_size);

          // iterate
          data += chunk_size;
          length -= chunk_size;
        }

        // small tail is copied below
        bufsize = 0;
      }

      memcpy(buffer + bufsize, data, length * sizeof(char_t));
      bufsize += length;
    }

    void write_buffer(const char_t* data, size_t length)
    {
      size_t offset = bufsize;

      if (offset + length <= bufcapacity)
      {
        memcpy(buffer + offset, data, length * sizeof(char_t));
        bufsize = offset + length;
      }
      else
      {
        write_direct(data, length);
      }
    }

    void write_string(const char_t* data)
    {
      // write the part of the string that fits in the buffer
      size_t offset = bufsize;

      while (*data && offset < bufcapacity)
        buffer[offset++] = *data++;

      // write the rest
      if (offset < bufcapacity)
      {
        bufsize = offset;
      }
      else
      {
        // backtrack a bit if we have split the codepoint
        size_t length = offset - bufsize;
        size_t extra = length - get_valid_length(data - length, length);

        bufsize = offset - extra;

        write_direct(data - extra, strlength(data) + extra);
      }
    }

    void write(char_t d0)
    {
      size_t offset = bufsize;
      if (offset > bufcapacity - 1) offset = flush();

      buffer[offset + 0] = d0;
      bufsize = offset + 1;
    }

    void write(char_t d0, char_t d1)
    {
      size_t offset = bufsize;
      if (offset > bufcapacity - 2) offset = flush();

      buffer[offset + 0] = d0;
      buffer[offset + 1] = d1;
      bufsize = offset + 2;
    }

    void write(char_t d0, char_t d1, char_t d2)
    {
      size_t offset = bufsize;
      if (offset > bufcapacity - 3) offset = flush();

      buffer[offset + 0] = d0;
      buffer[offset + 1] = d1;
      buffer[offset + 2] = d2;
      bufsize = offset + 3;
    }

    void write(char_t d0, char_t d1, char_t d2, char_t d3)
    {
      size_t offset = bufsize;
      if (offset > bufcapacity - 4) offset = flush();

      buffer[offset + 0] = d0;
      buffer[offset + 1] = d1;
      buffer[offset + 2] = d2;
      buffer[offset + 3] = d3;
      bufsize = offset + 4;
    }

    void write(char_t d0, char_t d1, char_t d2, char_t d3, char_t d4)
    {
      size_t offset = bufsize;
      if (offset > bufcapacity - 5) offset = flush();

      buffer[offset + 0] = d0;
      buffer[offset + 1] = d1;
      buffer[offset + 2] = d2;
      buffer[offset + 3] = d3;
      buffer[offset + 4] = d4;
      bufsize = offset + 5;
    }

    void write(char_t d0, char_t d1, char_t d2, char_t d3, char_t d4, char_t d5)
    {
      size_t offset = bufsize;
      if (offset > bufcapacity - 6) offset = flush();

      buffer[offset + 0] = d0;
      buffer[offset + 1] = d1;
      buffer[offset + 2] = d2;
      buffer[offset + 3] = d3;
      buffer[offset + 4] = d4;
      buffer[offset + 5] = d5;
      bufsize = offset + 6;
    }

    // utf8 maximum expansion: x4 (-> utf32)
    // utf16 maximum expansion: x2 (-> utf32)
    // utf32 maximum expansion: x1
    enum
    {
      bufcapacitybytes =
      #ifdef PUGIXML_MEMORY_OUTPUT_STACK
        PUGIXML_MEMORY_OUTPUT_STACK
      #else
        10240
      #endif
      ,
      bufcapacity = bufcapacitybytes / (sizeof(char_t) + 4)
    };

    char_t buffer[bufcapacity];

    union
    {
      uint8_t data_u8[4 * bufcapacity];
      uint16_t data_u16[2 * bufcapacity];
      uint32_t data_u32[bufcapacity];
      char_t data_char[bufcapacity];
    } scratch;

    xml_writer& writer;
    size_t bufsize;
    xml_encoding encoding;
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void text_output_escaped(xml_buffered_writer& writer, const char_t* s, chartypex_t type, unsigned int flags)
  {
    while (*s)
    {
      const char_t* prev = s;

      // While *s is a usual symbol
      PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE_UNROLL(!PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(ss, type));

      writer.write_buffer(prev, static_cast<size_t>(s - prev));

      switch (*s)
      {
        case 0: break;
        case '&':
          writer.write('&', 'a', 'm', 'p', ';');
          ++s;
          break;
        case '<':
          writer.write('&', 'l', 't', ';');
          ++s;
          break;
        case '>':
          writer.write('&', 'g', 't', ';');
          ++s;
          break;
        case '"':
          if (flags & format_attribute_single_quote)
            writer.write('"');
          else
            writer.write('&', 'q', 'u', 'o', 't', ';');
          ++s;
          break;
        case '\'':
          if (flags & format_attribute_single_quote)
            writer.write('&', 'a', 'p', 'o', 's', ';');
          else
            writer.write('\'');
          ++s;
          break;
        default: // s is not a usual symbol
        {
          unsigned int ch = static_cast<unsigned int>(*s++);
          assert(ch < 32);

          if (!(flags & format_skip_control_chars))
            writer.write('&', '#', static_cast<char_t>((ch / 10) + '0'), static_cast<char_t>((ch % 10) + '0'), ';');
        }
      }
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void text_output(xml_buffered_writer& writer, const char_t* s, chartypex_t type, unsigned int flags)
  {
    if (flags & format_no_escapes)
      writer.write_string(s);
    else
      text_output_escaped(writer, s, type, flags);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void text_output_cdata(xml_buffered_writer& writer, const char_t* s)
  {
    do
    {
      writer.write('<', '!', '[', 'C', 'D');
      writer.write('A', 'T', 'A', '[');

      const char_t* prev = s;

      // look for ]]> sequence - we can't output it as is since it terminates CDATA
      while (*s && !(s[0] == ']' && s[1] == ']' && s[2] == '>')) ++s;

      // skip ]] if we stopped at ]]>, > will go to the next CDATA section
      if (*s) s += 2;

      writer.write_buffer(prev, static_cast<size_t>(s - prev));

      writer.write(']', ']', '>');
    }
    while (*s);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void text_output_indent(xml_buffered_writer& writer, const char_t* indent, size_t indent_length, unsigned int depth)
  {
    switch (indent_length)
    {
    case 1:
    {
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < depth; ++i)
        writer.write(indent[0]);
      break;
    }

    case 2:
    {
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < depth; ++i)
        writer.write(indent[0], indent[1]);
      break;
    }

    case 3:
    {
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < depth; ++i)
        writer.write(indent[0], indent[1], indent[2]);
      break;
    }

    case 4:
    {
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < depth; ++i)
        writer.write(indent[0], indent[1], indent[2], indent[3]);
      break;
    }

    default:
    {
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < depth; ++i)
        writer.write_buffer(indent, indent_length);
    }
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void node_output_comment(xml_buffered_writer& writer, const char_t* s)
  {
    writer.write('<', '!', '-', '-');

    while (*s)
    {
      const char_t* prev = s;

      // look for -\0 or -- sequence - we can't output it since -- is illegal in comment body
      while (*s && !(s[0] == '-' && (s[1] == '-' || s[1] == 0))) ++s;

      writer.write_buffer(prev, static_cast<size_t>(s - prev));

      if (*s)
      {
        assert(*s == '-');

        writer.write('-', ' ');
        ++s;
      }
    }

    writer.write('-', '-', '>');
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void node_output_pi_value(xml_buffered_writer& writer, const char_t* s)
  {
    while (*s)
    {
      const char_t* prev = s;

      // look for ?> sequence - we can't output it since ?> terminates PI
      while (*s && !(s[0] == '?' && s[1] == '>')) ++s;

      writer.write_buffer(prev, static_cast<size_t>(s - prev));

      if (*s)
      {
        assert(s[0] == '?' && s[1] == '>');

        writer.write('?', ' ', '>');
        s += 2;
      }
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void node_output_attributes(xml_buffered_writer& writer, xml_node_struct* node, const char_t* indent, size_t indent_length, unsigned int flags, unsigned int depth)
  {
    const char_t* default_name = PUGIXML_TEXT(":anonymous");
    const char_t enquotation_char = (flags & format_attribute_single_quote) ? '\'' : '"';

    for (xml_attribute_struct* a = node->first_attribute; a; a = a->next_attribute)
    {
      if ((flags & (format_indent_attributes | format_raw)) == format_indent_attributes)
      {
        writer.write('\n');

        text_output_indent(writer, indent, indent_length, depth + 1);
      }
      else
      {
        writer.write(' ');
      }

      writer.write_string(a->name ? a->name + 0 : default_name);
      writer.write('=', enquotation_char);

      if (a->value)
        text_output(writer, a->value, ctx_special_attr, flags);

      writer.write(enquotation_char);
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool node_output_start(xml_buffered_writer& writer, xml_node_struct* node, const char_t* indent, size_t indent_length, unsigned int flags, unsigned int depth)
  {
    const char_t* default_name = PUGIXML_TEXT(":anonymous");
    const char_t* name = node->name ? node->name + 0 : default_name;

    writer.write('<');
    writer.write_string(name);

    if (node->first_attribute)
      node_output_attributes(writer, node, indent, indent_length, flags, depth);

    // element nodes can have value if parse_embed_pcdata was used
    if (!node->value)
    {
      if (!node->first_child)
      {
        if (flags & format_no_empty_element_tags)
        {
          writer.write('>', '<', '/');
          writer.write_string(name);
          writer.write('>');

          return false;
        }
        else
        {
          if ((flags & format_raw) == 0)
            writer.write(' ');

          writer.write('/', '>');

          return false;
        }
      }
      else
      {
        writer.write('>');

        return true;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      writer.write('>');

      text_output(writer, node->value, ctx_special_pcdata, flags);

      if (!node->first_child)
      {
        writer.write('<', '/');
        writer.write_string(name);
        writer.write('>');

        return false;
      }
      else
      {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void node_output_end(xml_buffered_writer& writer, xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    const char_t* default_name = PUGIXML_TEXT(":anonymous");
    const char_t* name = node->name ? node->name + 0 : default_name;

    writer.write('<', '/');
    writer.write_string(name);
    writer.write('>');
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void node_output_simple(xml_buffered_writer& writer, xml_node_struct* node, unsigned int flags)
  {
    const char_t* default_name = PUGIXML_TEXT(":anonymous");

    switch (PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(node))
    {
      case node_pcdata:
        text_output(writer, node->value ? node->value + 0 : PUGIXML_TEXT(""), ctx_special_pcdata, flags);
        break;

      case node_cdata:
        text_output_cdata(writer, node->value ? node->value + 0 : PUGIXML_TEXT(""));
        break;

      case node_comment:
        node_output_comment(writer, node->value ? node->value + 0 : PUGIXML_TEXT(""));
        break;

      case node_pi:
        writer.write('<', '?');
        writer.write_string(node->name ? node->name + 0 : default_name);

        if (node->value)
        {
          writer.write(' ');
          node_output_pi_value(writer, node->value);
        }

        writer.write('?', '>');
        break;

      case node_declaration:
        writer.write('<', '?');
        writer.write_string(node->name ? node->name + 0 : default_name);
        node_output_attributes(writer, node, PUGIXML_TEXT(""), 0, flags | format_raw, 0);
        writer.write('?', '>');
        break;

      case node_doctype:
        writer.write('<', '!', 'D', 'O', 'C');
        writer.write('T', 'Y', 'P', 'E');

        if (node->value)
        {
          writer.write(' ');
          writer.write_string(node->value);
        }

        writer.write('>');
        break;

      default:
        assert(false && "Invalid node type"); // unreachable
    }
  }

  enum indent_flags_t
  {
    indent_newline = 1,
    indent_indent = 2
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void node_output(xml_buffered_writer& writer, xml_node_struct* root, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, unsigned int depth)
  {
    size_t indent_length = ((flags & (format_indent | format_indent_attributes)) && (flags & format_raw) == 0) ? strlength(indent) : 0;
    unsigned int indent_flags = indent_indent;

    xml_node_struct* node = root;

    do
    {
      assert(node);

      // begin writing current node
      if (PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(node) == node_pcdata || PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(node) == node_cdata)
      {
        node_output_simple(writer, node, flags);

        indent_flags = 0;
      }
      else
      {
        if ((indent_flags & indent_newline) && (flags & format_raw) == 0)
          writer.write('\n');

        if ((indent_flags & indent_indent) && indent_length)
          text_output_indent(writer, indent, indent_length, depth);

        if (PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(node) == node_element)
        {
          indent_flags = indent_newline | indent_indent;

          if (node_output_start(writer, node, indent, indent_length, flags, depth))
          {
            // element nodes can have value if parse_embed_pcdata was used
            if (node->value)
              indent_flags = 0;

            node = node->first_child;
            depth++;
            continue;
          }
        }
        else if (PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(node) == node_document)
        {
          indent_flags = indent_indent;

          if (node->first_child)
          {
            node = node->first_child;
            continue;
          }
        }
        else
        {
          node_output_simple(writer, node, flags);

          indent_flags = indent_newline | indent_indent;
        }
      }

      // continue to the next node
      while (node != root)
      {
        if (node->next_sibling)
        {
          node = node->next_sibling;
          break;
        }

        node = node->parent;

        // write closing node
        if (PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(node) == node_element)
        {
          depth--;

          if ((indent_flags & indent_newline) && (flags & format_raw) == 0)
            writer.write('\n');

          if ((indent_flags & indent_indent) && indent_length)
            text_output_indent(writer, indent, indent_length, depth);

          node_output_end(writer, node);

          indent_flags = indent_newline | indent_indent;
        }
      }
    }
    while (node != root);

    if ((indent_flags & indent_newline) && (flags & format_raw) == 0)
      writer.write('\n');
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool has_declaration(xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    for (xml_node_struct* child = node->first_child; child; child = child->next_sibling)
    {
      xml_node_type type = PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(child);

      if (type == node_declaration) return true;
      if (type == node_element) return false;
    }

    return false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool is_attribute_of(xml_attribute_struct* attr, xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    for (xml_attribute_struct* a = node->first_attribute; a; a = a->next_attribute)
      if (a == attr)
        return true;

    return false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool allow_insert_attribute(xml_node_type parent)
  {
    return parent == node_element || parent == node_declaration;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool allow_insert_child(xml_node_type parent, xml_node_type child)
  {
    if (parent != node_document && parent != node_element) return false;
    if (child == node_document || child == node_null) return false;
    if (parent != node_document && (child == node_declaration || child == node_doctype)) return false;

    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool allow_move(xml_node parent, xml_node child)
  {
    // check that child can be a child of parent
    if (!allow_insert_child(parent.type(), child.type()))
      return false;

    // check that node is not moved between documents
    if (parent.root() != child.root())
      return false;

    // check that new parent is not in the child subtree
    xml_node cur = parent;

    while (cur)
    {
      if (cur == child)
        return false;

      cur = cur.parent();
    }

    return true;
  }

  template <typename String, typename Header>
  PUGI_IMPL_FN void node_copy_string(String& dest, Header& header, uintptr_t header_mask, char_t* source, Header& source_header, xml_allocator* alloc)
  {
    assert(!dest && (header & header_mask) == 0); // copies are performed into fresh nodes

    if (source)
    {
      if (alloc && (source_header & header_mask) == 0)
      {
        dest = source;

        // since strcpy_insitu can reuse document buffer memory we need to mark both source and dest as shared
        header |= xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask;
        source_header |= xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask;
      }
      else
      {
        // if strcpy_insitu fails (out of memory) we just leave the destination name/value empty
        (void)strcpy_insitu(dest, header, header_mask, source, strlength(source));
      }
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void node_copy_contents(xml_node_struct* dn, xml_node_struct* sn, xml_allocator* shared_alloc)
  {
    node_copy_string(dn->name, dn->header, xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask, sn->name, sn->header, shared_alloc);
    node_copy_string(dn->value, dn->header, xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, sn->value, sn->header, shared_alloc);

    for (xml_attribute_struct* sa = sn->first_attribute; sa; sa = sa->next_attribute)
    {
      xml_attribute_struct* da = append_new_attribute(dn, get_allocator(dn));

      if (da)
      {
        node_copy_string(da->name, da->header, xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask, sa->name, sa->header, shared_alloc);
        node_copy_string(da->value, da->header, xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, sa->value, sa->header, shared_alloc);
      }
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void node_copy_tree(xml_node_struct* dn, xml_node_struct* sn)
  {
    xml_allocator& alloc = get_allocator(dn);
    xml_allocator* shared_alloc = (&alloc == &get_allocator(sn)) ? &alloc : NULL;

    node_copy_contents(dn, sn, shared_alloc);

    xml_node_struct* dit = dn;
    xml_node_struct* sit = sn->first_child;

    while (sit && sit != sn)
    {
      // loop invariant: dit is inside the subtree rooted at dn
      assert(dit);

      // when a tree is copied into one of the descendants, we need to skip that subtree to avoid an infinite loop
      if (sit != dn)
      {
        xml_node_struct* copy = append_new_node(dit, alloc, PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(sit));

        if (copy)
        {
          node_copy_contents(copy, sit, shared_alloc);

          if (sit->first_child)
          {
            dit = copy;
            sit = sit->first_child;
            continue;
          }
        }
      }

      // continue to the next node
      do
      {
        if (sit->next_sibling)
        {
          sit = sit->next_sibling;
          break;
        }

        sit = sit->parent;
        dit = dit->parent;

        // loop invariant: dit is inside the subtree rooted at dn while sit is inside sn
        assert(sit == sn || dit);
      }
      while (sit != sn);
    }

    assert(!sit || dit == dn->parent);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void node_copy_attribute(xml_attribute_struct* da, xml_attribute_struct* sa)
  {
    xml_allocator& alloc = get_allocator(da);
    xml_allocator* shared_alloc = (&alloc == &get_allocator(sa)) ? &alloc : NULL;

    node_copy_string(da->name, da->header, xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask, sa->name, sa->header, shared_alloc);
    node_copy_string(da->value, da->header, xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, sa->value, sa->header, shared_alloc);
  }

  inline bool is_text_node(xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    xml_node_type type = PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(node);

    return type == node_pcdata || type == node_cdata;
  }

  // get value with conversion functions
  template <typename U> PUGI_IMPL_FN PUGI_IMPL_UNSIGNED_OVERFLOW U string_to_integer(const char_t* value, U minv, U maxv)
  {
    U result = 0;
    const char_t* s = value;

    while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_space))
      s++;

    bool negative = (*s == '-');

    s += (*s == '+' || *s == '-');

    bool overflow = false;

    if (s[0] == '0' && (s[1] | ' ') == 'x')
    {
      s += 2;

      // since overflow detection relies on length of the sequence skip leading zeros
      while (*s == '0')
        s++;

      const char_t* start = s;

      for (;;)
      {
        if (static_cast<unsigned>(*s - '0') < 10)
          result = result * 16 + (*s - '0');
        else if (static_cast<unsigned>((*s | ' ') - 'a') < 6)
          result = result * 16 + ((*s | ' ') - 'a' + 10);
        else
          break;

        s++;
      }

      size_t digits = static_cast<size_t>(s - start);

      overflow = digits > sizeof(U) * 2;
    }
    else
    {
      // since overflow detection relies on length of the sequence skip leading zeros
      while (*s == '0')
        s++;

      const char_t* start = s;

      for (;;)
      {
        if (static_cast<unsigned>(*s - '0') < 10)
          result = result * 10 + (*s - '0');
        else
          break;

        s++;
      }

      size_t digits = static_cast<size_t>(s - start);

      PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(U) == 8 || sizeof(U) == 4 || sizeof(U) == 2);

      const size_t max_digits10 = sizeof(U) == 8 ? 20 : sizeof(U) == 4 ? 10 : 5;
      const char_t max_lead = sizeof(U) == 8 ? '1' : sizeof(U) == 4 ? '4' : '6';
      const size_t high_bit = sizeof(U) * 8 - 1;

      overflow = digits >= max_digits10 && !(digits == max_digits10 && (*start < max_lead || (*start == max_lead && result >> high_bit)));
    }

    if (negative)
    {
      // Workaround for crayc++ CC-3059: Expected no overflow in routine.
    #ifdef _CRAYC
      return (overflow || result > ~minv + 1) ? minv : ~result + 1;
    #else
      return (overflow || result > 0 - minv) ? minv : 0 - result;
    #endif
    }
    else
      return (overflow || result > maxv) ? maxv : result;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN int get_value_int(const char_t* value)
  {
    return string_to_integer<unsigned int>(value, static_cast<unsigned int>(INT_MIN), INT_MAX);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN unsigned int get_value_uint(const char_t* value)
  {
    return string_to_integer<unsigned int>(value, 0, UINT_MAX);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN double get_value_double(const char_t* value)
  {
  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    return wcstod(value, NULL);
  #else
    return strtod(value, NULL);
  #endif
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN float get_value_float(const char_t* value)
  {
  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    return static_cast<float>(wcstod(value, NULL));
  #else
    return static_cast<float>(strtod(value, NULL));
  #endif
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool get_value_bool(const char_t* value)
  {
    // only look at first char
    char_t first = *value;

    // 1*, t* (true), T* (True), y* (yes), Y* (YES)
    return (first == '1' || first == 't' || first == 'T' || first == 'y' || first == 'Y');
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_LONG_LONG
  PUGI_IMPL_FN long long get_value_llong(const char_t* value)
  {
    return string_to_integer<unsigned long long>(value, static_cast<unsigned long long>(LLONG_MIN), LLONG_MAX);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN unsigned long long get_value_ullong(const char_t* value)
  {
    return string_to_integer<unsigned long long>(value, 0, ULLONG_MAX);
  }
#endif

  template <typename U> PUGI_IMPL_FN PUGI_IMPL_UNSIGNED_OVERFLOW char_t* integer_to_string(char_t* begin, char_t* end, U value, bool negative)
  {
    char_t* result = end - 1;
    U rest = negative ? 0 - value : value;

    do
    {
      *result-- = static_cast<char_t>('0' + (rest % 10));
      rest /= 10;
    }
    while (rest);

    assert(result >= begin);
    (void)begin;

    *result = '-';

    return result + !negative;
  }

  // set value with conversion functions
  template <typename String, typename Header>
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool set_value_ascii(String& dest, Header& header, uintptr_t header_mask, char* buf)
  {
  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    char_t wbuf[128];
    assert(strlen(buf) < sizeof(wbuf) / sizeof(wbuf[0]));

    size_t offset = 0;
    for (; buf[offset]; ++offset) wbuf[offset] = buf[offset];

    return strcpy_insitu(dest, header, header_mask, wbuf, offset);
  #else
    return strcpy_insitu(dest, header, header_mask, buf, strlen(buf));
  #endif
  }

  template <typename U, typename String, typename Header>
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool set_value_integer(String& dest, Header& header, uintptr_t header_mask, U value, bool negative)
  {
    char_t buf[64];
    char_t* end = buf + sizeof(buf) / sizeof(buf[0]);
    char_t* begin = integer_to_string(buf, end, value, negative);

    return strcpy_insitu(dest, header, header_mask, begin, end - begin);
  }

  template <typename String, typename Header>
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool set_value_convert(String& dest, Header& header, uintptr_t header_mask, float value, int precision)
  {
    char buf[128];
    PUGI_IMPL_SNPRINTF(buf, "%.*g", precision, double(value));

    return set_value_ascii(dest, header, header_mask, buf);
  }

  template <typename String, typename Header>
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool set_value_convert(String& dest, Header& header, uintptr_t header_mask, double value, int precision)
  {
    char buf[128];
    PUGI_IMPL_SNPRINTF(buf, "%.*g", precision, value);

    return set_value_ascii(dest, header, header_mask, buf);
  }

  template <typename String, typename Header>
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool set_value_bool(String& dest, Header& header, uintptr_t header_mask, bool value)
  {
    return strcpy_insitu(dest, header, header_mask, value ? PUGIXML_TEXT("true") : PUGIXML_TEXT("false"), value ? 4 : 5);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result load_buffer_impl(xml_document_struct* doc, xml_node_struct* root, void* contents, size_t size, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding, bool is_mutable, bool own, char_t** out_buffer)
  {
    // check input buffer
    if (!contents && size) return make_parse_result(status_io_error);

    // get actual encoding
    xml_encoding buffer_encoding = impl::get_buffer_encoding(encoding, contents, size);

    // if convert_buffer below throws bad_alloc, we still need to deallocate contents if we own it
    auto_deleter<void> contents_guard(own ? contents : NULL, xml_memory::deallocate);

    // early-out for empty documents to avoid buffer allocation overhead
    if (size == 0) return make_parse_result((options & parse_fragment) ? status_ok : status_no_document_element);

    // get private buffer
    char_t* buffer = NULL;
    size_t length = 0;

    if (!impl::convert_buffer(buffer, length, buffer_encoding, contents, size, is_mutable)) return impl::make_parse_result(status_out_of_memory);

    // after this we either deallocate contents (below) or hold on to it via doc->buffer, so we don't need to guard it
    contents_guard.release();

    // delete original buffer if we performed a conversion
    if (own && buffer != contents && contents) impl::xml_memory::deallocate(contents);

    // grab onto buffer if it's our buffer, user is responsible for deallocating contents himself
    if (own || buffer != contents) *out_buffer = buffer;

    // store buffer for offset_debug
    doc->buffer = buffer;

    // parse
    xml_parse_result res = impl::xml_parser::parse(buffer, length, doc, root, options);

    // remember encoding
    res.encoding = buffer_encoding;

    return res;
  }

  template <typename T> PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_status convert_file_size(T length, size_t& out_result)
  {
    // check for I/O errors
    if (length < 0) return status_io_error;

    // check for overflow
    size_t result = static_cast<size_t>(length);

    if (static_cast<T>(result) != length) return status_out_of_memory;

    out_result = result;
    return status_ok;
  }

  // we need to get length of entire file to load it in memory; the only (relatively) sane way to do it is via seek/tell trick
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_status get_file_size(FILE* file, size_t& out_result)
  {
  #if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
    // this simultaneously retrieves the file size and file mode (to guard against loading non-files)
    struct stat st;
    if (fstat(fileno(file), &st) != 0) return status_io_error;

    // anything that's not a regular file doesn't have a coherent length
    if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) return status_io_error;

    xml_parse_status status = convert_file_size(st.st_size, out_result);
  #elif defined(PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION) && PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION >= 1400
    // there are 64-bit versions of fseek/ftell, let's use them
    _fseeki64(file, 0, SEEK_END);
    __int64 length = _ftelli64(file);
    _fseeki64(file, 0, SEEK_SET);

    xml_parse_status status = convert_file_size(length, out_result);
  #elif defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__NO_MINGW_LFS) && (!defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) || defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR))
    // there are 64-bit versions of fseek/ftell, let's use them
    fseeko64(file, 0, SEEK_END);
    off64_t length = ftello64(file);
    fseeko64(file, 0, SEEK_SET);

    xml_parse_status status = convert_file_size(length, out_result);
  #else
    // if this is a 32-bit OS, long is enough; if this is a unix system, long is 64-bit, which is enough; otherwise we can't do anything anyway.
    fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
    long length = ftell(file);
    fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);

    xml_parse_status status = convert_file_size(length, out_result);
  #endif

    return status;
  }

  // This function assumes that buffer has extra sizeof(char_t) writable bytes after size
  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t zero_terminate_buffer(void* buffer, size_t size, xml_encoding encoding)
  {
    // We only need to zero-terminate if encoding conversion does not do it for us
  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    xml_encoding wchar_encoding = get_wchar_encoding();

    if (encoding == wchar_encoding || need_endian_swap_utf(encoding, wchar_encoding))
    {
      size_t length = size / sizeof(char_t);

      static_cast<char_t*>(buffer)[length] = 0;
      return (length + 1) * sizeof(char_t);
    }
  #else
    if (encoding == encoding_utf8)
    {
      static_cast<char*>(buffer)[size] = 0;
      return size + 1;
    }
  #endif

    return size;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result load_file_impl(xml_document_struct* doc, FILE* file, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding, char_t** out_buffer)
  {
    if (!file) return make_parse_result(status_file_not_found);

    // get file size (can result in I/O errors)
    size_t size = 0;
    xml_parse_status size_status = get_file_size(file, size);
    if (size_status != status_ok) return make_parse_result(size_status);

    size_t max_suffix_size = sizeof(char_t);

    // allocate buffer for the whole file
    char* contents = static_cast<char*>(xml_memory::allocate(size + max_suffix_size));
    if (!contents) return make_parse_result(status_out_of_memory);

    // read file in memory
    size_t read_size = fread(contents, 1, size, file);

    if (read_size != size)
    {
      xml_memory::deallocate(contents);
      return make_parse_result(status_io_error);
    }

    xml_encoding real_encoding = get_buffer_encoding(encoding, contents, size);

    return load_buffer_impl(doc, doc, contents, zero_terminate_buffer(contents, size, real_encoding), options, real_encoding, true, true, out_buffer);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void close_file(FILE* file)
  {
    fclose(file);
  }

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
  template <typename T> struct xml_stream_chunk
  {
    static xml_stream_chunk* create()
    {
      void* memory = xml_memory::allocate(sizeof(xml_stream_chunk));
      if (!memory) return NULL;

      return new (memory) xml_stream_chunk();
    }

    static void destroy(xml_stream_chunk* chunk)
    {
      // free chunk chain
      while (chunk)
      {
        xml_stream_chunk* next_ = chunk->next;

        xml_memory::deallocate(chunk);

        chunk = next_;
      }
    }

    xml_stream_chunk(): next(NULL), size(0)
    {
    }

    xml_stream_chunk* next;
    size_t size;

    T data[xml_memory_page_size / sizeof(T)];
  };

  template <typename T> PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_status load_stream_data_noseek(std::basic_istream<T>& stream, void** out_buffer, size_t* out_size)
  {
    auto_deleter<xml_stream_chunk<T> > chunks(NULL, xml_stream_chunk<T>::destroy);

    // read file to a chunk list
    size_t total = 0;
    xml_stream_chunk<T>* last = NULL;

    while (!stream.eof())
    {
      // allocate new chunk
      xml_stream_chunk<T>* chunk = xml_stream_chunk<T>::create();
      if (!chunk) return status_out_of_memory;

      // append chunk to list
      if (last) last = last->next = chunk;
      else chunks.data = last = chunk;

      // read data to chunk
      stream.read(chunk->data, static_cast<std::streamsize>(sizeof(chunk->data) / sizeof(T)));
      chunk->size = static_cast<size_t>(stream.gcount()) * sizeof(T);

      // read may set failbit | eofbit in case gcount() is less than read length, so check for other I/O errors
      if (stream.bad() || (!stream.eof() && stream.fail())) return status_io_error;

      // guard against huge files (chunk size is small enough to make this overflow check work)
      if (total + chunk->size < total) return status_out_of_memory;
      total += chunk->size;
    }

    size_t max_suffix_size = sizeof(char_t);

    // copy chunk list to a contiguous buffer
    char* buffer = static_cast<char*>(xml_memory::allocate(total + max_suffix_size));
    if (!buffer) return status_out_of_memory;

    char* write = buffer;

    for (xml_stream_chunk<T>* chunk = chunks.data; chunk; chunk = chunk->next)
    {
      assert(write + chunk->size <= buffer + total);
      memcpy(write, chunk->data, chunk->size);
      write += chunk->size;
    }

    assert(write == buffer + total);

    // return buffer
    *out_buffer = buffer;
    *out_size = total;

    return status_ok;
  }

  template <typename T> PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_status load_stream_data_seek(std::basic_istream<T>& stream, void** out_buffer, size_t* out_size)
  {
    // get length of remaining data in stream
    typename std::basic_istream<T>::pos_type pos = stream.tellg();
    stream.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
    std::streamoff length = stream.tellg() - pos;
    stream.seekg(pos);

    if (stream.fail() || pos < 0) return status_io_error;

    // guard against huge files
    size_t read_length = static_cast<size_t>(length);

    if (static_cast<std::streamsize>(read_length) != length || length < 0) return status_out_of_memory;

    size_t max_suffix_size = sizeof(char_t);

    // read stream data into memory (guard against stream exceptions with buffer holder)
    auto_deleter<void> buffer(xml_memory::allocate(read_length * sizeof(T) + max_suffix_size), xml_memory::deallocate);
    if (!buffer.data) return status_out_of_memory;

    stream.read(static_cast<T*>(buffer.data), static_cast<std::streamsize>(read_length));

    // read may set failbit | eofbit in case gcount() is less than read_length (i.e. line ending conversion), so check for other I/O errors
    if (stream.bad() || (!stream.eof() && stream.fail())) return status_io_error;

    // return buffer
    size_t actual_length = static_cast<size_t>(stream.gcount());
    assert(actual_length <= read_length);

    *out_buffer = buffer.release();
    *out_size = actual_length * sizeof(T);

    return status_ok;
  }

  template <typename T> PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result load_stream_impl(xml_document_struct* doc, std::basic_istream<T>& stream, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding, char_t** out_buffer)
  {
    void* buffer = NULL;
    size_t size = 0;
    xml_parse_status status = status_ok;

    // if stream has an error bit set, bail out (otherwise tellg() can fail and we'll clear error bits)
    if (stream.fail()) return make_parse_result(status_io_error);

    // load stream to memory (using seek-based implementation if possible, since it's faster and takes less memory)
    if (stream.tellg() < 0)
    {
      stream.clear(); // clear error flags that could be set by a failing tellg
      status = load_stream_data_noseek(stream, &buffer, &size);
    }
    else
      status = load_stream_data_seek(stream, &buffer, &size);

    if (status != status_ok) return make_parse_result(status);

    xml_encoding real_encoding = get_buffer_encoding(encoding, buffer, size);

    return load_buffer_impl(doc, doc, buffer, zero_terminate_buffer(buffer, size, real_encoding), options, real_encoding, true, true, out_buffer);
  }
#endif

#if defined(PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || (defined(__MINGW32__) && (!defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) || defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)))
  PUGI_IMPL_FN FILE* open_file_wide(const wchar_t* path, const wchar_t* mode)
  {
#ifdef PUGIXML_NO_STL
    // ensure these symbols are consistently referenced to avoid 'unreferenced function' warnings
    // note that generally these functions are used in STL builds, but PUGIXML_NO_STL leaves the only usage in convert_path_heap
    (void)&as_utf8_begin;
    (void)&as_utf8_end;
    (void)&strlength_wide;
#endif

#if defined(PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION) && PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION >= 1400
    FILE* file = NULL;
    return _wfopen_s(&file, path, mode) == 0 ? file : NULL;
#else
    return _wfopen(path, mode);
#endif
  }
#else
  PUGI_IMPL_FN char* convert_path_heap(const wchar_t* str)
  {
    assert(str);

    // first pass: get length in utf8 characters
    size_t length = strlength_wide(str);
    size_t size = as_utf8_begin(str, length);

    // allocate resulting string
    char* result = static_cast<char*>(xml_memory::allocate(size + 1));
    if (!result) return NULL;

    // second pass: convert to utf8
    as_utf8_end(result, size, str, length);

    // zero-terminate
    result[size] = 0;

    return result;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN FILE* open_file_wide(const wchar_t* path, const wchar_t* mode)
  {
    // there is no standard function to open wide paths, so our best bet is to try utf8 path
    char* path_utf8 = convert_path_heap(path);
    if (!path_utf8) return NULL;

    // convert mode to ASCII (we mirror _wfopen interface)
    char mode_ascii[4] = {0};
    for (size_t i = 0; mode[i]; ++i) mode_ascii[i] = static_cast<char>(mode[i]);

    // try to open the utf8 path
    FILE* result = fopen(path_utf8, mode_ascii);

    // free dummy buffer
    xml_memory::deallocate(path_utf8);

    return result;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN FILE* open_file(const char* path, const char* mode)
  {
#if defined(PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION) && PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION >= 1400
    FILE* file = NULL;
    return fopen_s(&file, path, mode) == 0 ? file : NULL;
#else
    return fopen(path, mode);
#endif
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool save_file_impl(const xml_document& doc, FILE* file, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding)
  {
    if (!file) return false;

    xml_writer_file writer(file);
    doc.save(writer, indent, flags, encoding);

    return fflush(file) == 0 && ferror(file) == 0;
  }

  struct name_null_sentry
  {
    xml_node_struct* node;
    char_t* name;

    name_null_sentry(xml_node_struct* node_): node(node_), name(node_->name)
    {
      node->name = NULL;
    }

    ~name_null_sentry()
    {
      node->name = name;
    }
  };
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

namespace pugi
{
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_writer::~xml_writer()
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_writer_file::xml_writer_file(void* file_): file(file_)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_writer_file::write(const void* data, size_t size)
  {
    size_t result = fwrite(data, 1, size, static_cast<FILE*>(file));
    (void)!result; // unfortunately we can't do proper error handling here
  }

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_writer_stream::xml_writer_stream(std::basic_ostream<char>& stream): narrow_stream(&stream), wide_stream(NULL)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_writer_stream::xml_writer_stream(std::basic_ostream<wchar_t>& stream): narrow_stream(NULL), wide_stream(&stream)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_writer_stream::write(const void* data, size_t size)
  {
    if (narrow_stream)
    {
      assert(!wide_stream);
      narrow_stream->write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data), static_cast<std::streamsize>(size));
    }
    else
    {
      assert(wide_stream);
      assert(size % sizeof(wchar_t) == 0);

      wide_stream->write(reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(data), static_cast<std::streamsize>(size / sizeof(wchar_t)));
    }
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_tree_walker::xml_tree_walker(): _depth(0)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_tree_walker::~xml_tree_walker()
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN int xml_tree_walker::depth() const
  {
    return _depth;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_tree_walker::begin(xml_node&)
  {
    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_tree_walker::end(xml_node&)
  {
    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute::xml_attribute(): _attr(NULL)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute::xml_attribute(xml_attribute_struct* attr): _attr(attr)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN static void unspecified_bool_xml_attribute(xml_attribute***)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute::operator xml_attribute::unspecified_bool_type() const
  {
    return _attr ? unspecified_bool_xml_attribute : NULL;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::operator!() const
  {
    return !_attr;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::operator==(const xml_attribute& r) const
  {
    return (_attr == r._attr);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::operator!=(const xml_attribute& r) const
  {
    return (_attr != r._attr);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::operator<(const xml_attribute& r) const
  {
    return (_attr < r._attr);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::operator>(const xml_attribute& r) const
  {
    return (_attr > r._attr);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::operator<=(const xml_attribute& r) const
  {
    return (_attr <= r._attr);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::operator>=(const xml_attribute& r) const
  {
    return (_attr >= r._attr);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_attribute::next_attribute() const
  {
    if (!_attr) return xml_attribute();
    return xml_attribute(_attr->next_attribute);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_attribute::previous_attribute() const
  {
    if (!_attr) return xml_attribute();
    xml_attribute_struct* prev = _attr->prev_attribute_c;
    return prev->next_attribute ? xml_attribute(prev) : xml_attribute();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* xml_attribute::as_string(const char_t* def) const
  {
    if (!_attr) return def;
    const char_t* value = _attr->value;
    return value ? value : def;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN int xml_attribute::as_int(int def) const
  {
    if (!_attr) return def;
    const char_t* value = _attr->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_int(value) : def;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN unsigned int xml_attribute::as_uint(unsigned int def) const
  {
    if (!_attr) return def;
    const char_t* value = _attr->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_uint(value) : def;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN double xml_attribute::as_double(double def) const
  {
    if (!_attr) return def;
    const char_t* value = _attr->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_double(value) : def;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN float xml_attribute::as_float(float def) const
  {
    if (!_attr) return def;
    const char_t* value = _attr->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_float(value) : def;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::as_bool(bool def) const
  {
    if (!_attr) return def;
    const char_t* value = _attr->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_bool(value) : def;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_LONG_LONG
  PUGI_IMPL_FN long long xml_attribute::as_llong(long long def) const
  {
    if (!_attr) return def;
    const char_t* value = _attr->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_llong(value) : def;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN unsigned long long xml_attribute::as_ullong(unsigned long long def) const
  {
    if (!_attr) return def;
    const char_t* value = _attr->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_ullong(value) : def;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::empty() const
  {
    return !_attr;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* xml_attribute::name() const
  {
    if (!_attr) return PUGIXML_TEXT("");
    const char_t* name = _attr->name;
    return name ? name : PUGIXML_TEXT("");
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* xml_attribute::value() const
  {
    if (!_attr) return PUGIXML_TEXT("");
    const char_t* value = _attr->value;
    return value ? value : PUGIXML_TEXT("");
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t xml_attribute::hash_value() const
  {
    return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(_attr) / sizeof(xml_attribute_struct);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute_struct* xml_attribute::internal_object() const
  {
    return _attr;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(const char_t* rhs)
  {
    set_value(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(int rhs)
  {
    set_value(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(unsigned int rhs)
  {
    set_value(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(long rhs)
  {
    set_value(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(unsigned long rhs)
  {
    set_value(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(double rhs)
  {
    set_value(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(float rhs)
  {
    set_value(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(bool rhs)
  {
    set_value(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(string_view_t rhs)
  {
    set_value(rhs);
    return *this;
  }
#endif

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_LONG_LONG
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(long long rhs)
  {
    set_value(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(unsigned long long rhs)
  {
    set_value(rhs);
    return *this;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_name(const char_t* rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_attr->name, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask, rhs, impl::strlength(rhs));
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_name(const char_t* rhs, size_t size)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_attr->name, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask, rhs, size);
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_name(string_view_t rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_attr->name, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask, rhs.data(), rhs.size());
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(const char_t* rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, impl::strlength(rhs));
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(const char_t* rhs, size_t size)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, size);
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(string_view_t rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs.data(), rhs.size());
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(int rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::set_value_integer<unsigned int>(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, rhs < 0);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(unsigned int rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::set_value_integer<unsigned int>(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, false);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(long rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::set_value_integer<unsigned long>(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, rhs < 0);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(unsigned long rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::set_value_integer<unsigned long>(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, false);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(double rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::set_value_convert(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, default_double_precision);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(double rhs, int precision)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::set_value_convert(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, precision);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(float rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::set_value_convert(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, default_float_precision);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(float rhs, int precision)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::set_value_convert(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, precision);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(bool rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::set_value_bool(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs);
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_LONG_LONG
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(long long rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::set_value_integer<unsigned long long>(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, rhs < 0);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(unsigned long long rhs)
  {
    if (!_attr) return false;

    return impl::set_value_integer<unsigned long long>(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, false);
  }
#endif

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool operator&&(const xml_attribute& lhs, bool rhs)
  {
    return (bool)lhs && rhs;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool operator||(const xml_attribute& lhs, bool rhs)
  {
    return (bool)lhs || rhs;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node::xml_node(): _root(NULL)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node::xml_node(xml_node_struct* p): _root(p)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN static void unspecified_bool_xml_node(xml_node***)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node::operator xml_node::unspecified_bool_type() const
  {
    return _root ? unspecified_bool_xml_node : NULL;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::operator!() const
  {
    return !_root;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node::iterator xml_node::begin() const
  {
    return iterator(_root ? _root->first_child + 0 : NULL, _root);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node::iterator xml_node::end() const
  {
    return iterator(NULL, _root);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node::attribute_iterator xml_node::attributes_begin() const
  {
    return attribute_iterator(_root ? _root->first_attribute + 0 : NULL, _root);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node::attribute_iterator xml_node::attributes_end() const
  {
    return attribute_iterator(NULL, _root);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_object_range<xml_node_iterator> xml_node::children() const
  {
    return xml_object_range<xml_node_iterator>(begin(), end());
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_object_range<xml_named_node_iterator> xml_node::children(const char_t* name_) const
  {
    return xml_object_range<xml_named_node_iterator>(xml_named_node_iterator(child(name_)._root, _root, name_), xml_named_node_iterator(NULL, _root, name_));
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_object_range<xml_attribute_iterator> xml_node::attributes() const
  {
    return xml_object_range<xml_attribute_iterator>(attributes_begin(), attributes_end());
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::operator==(const xml_node& r) const
  {
    return (_root == r._root);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::operator!=(const xml_node& r) const
  {
    return (_root != r._root);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::operator<(const xml_node& r) const
  {
    return (_root < r._root);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::operator>(const xml_node& r) const
  {
    return (_root > r._root);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::operator<=(const xml_node& r) const
  {
    return (_root <= r._root);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::operator>=(const xml_node& r) const
  {
    return (_root >= r._root);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::empty() const
  {
    return !_root;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* xml_node::name() const
  {
    if (!_root) return PUGIXML_TEXT("");
    const char_t* name = _root->name;
    return name ? name : PUGIXML_TEXT("");
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node_type xml_node::type() const
  {
    return _root ? PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(_root) : node_null;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* xml_node::value() const
  {
    if (!_root) return PUGIXML_TEXT("");
    const char_t* value = _root->value;
    return value ? value : PUGIXML_TEXT("");
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::child(const char_t* name_) const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_node();

    for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->first_child; i; i = i->next_sibling)
    {
      const char_t* iname = i->name;
      if (iname && impl::strequal(name_, iname))
        return xml_node(i);
    }

    return xml_node();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::attribute(const char_t* name_) const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_attribute();

    for (xml_attribute_struct* i = _root->first_attribute; i; i = i->next_attribute)
    {
      const char_t* iname = i->name;
      if (iname && impl::strequal(name_, iname))
        return xml_attribute(i);
    }

    return xml_attribute();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::next_sibling(const char_t* name_) const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_node();

    for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->next_sibling; i; i = i->next_sibling)
    {
      const char_t* iname = i->name;
      if (iname && impl::strequal(name_, iname))
        return xml_node(i);
    }

    return xml_node();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::next_sibling() const
  {
    return _root ? xml_node(_root->next_sibling) : xml_node();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::previous_sibling(const char_t* name_) const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_node();

    for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->prev_sibling_c; i->next_sibling; i = i->prev_sibling_c)
    {
      const char_t* iname = i->name;
      if (iname && impl::strequal(name_, iname))
        return xml_node(i);
    }

    return xml_node();
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::child(string_view_t name_) const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_node();

    for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->first_child; i; i = i->next_sibling)
    {
      const char_t* iname = i->name;
      if (iname && impl::stringview_equal(name_, iname))
        return xml_node(i);
    }

    return xml_node();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::attribute(string_view_t name_) const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_attribute();

    for (xml_attribute_struct* i = _root->first_attribute; i; i = i->next_attribute)
    {
      const char_t* iname = i->name;
      if (iname && impl::stringview_equal(name_, iname))
        return xml_attribute(i);
    }

    return xml_attribute();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::next_sibling(string_view_t name_) const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_node();

    for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->next_sibling; i; i = i->next_sibling)
    {
      const char_t* iname = i->name;
      if (iname && impl::stringview_equal(name_, iname))
        return xml_node(i);
    }

    return xml_node();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::previous_sibling(string_view_t name_) const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_node();

    for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->prev_sibling_c; i->next_sibling; i = i->prev_sibling_c)
    {
      const char_t* iname = i->name;
      if (iname && impl::stringview_equal(name_, iname))
        return xml_node(i);
    }

    return xml_node();
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::attribute(const char_t* name_, xml_attribute& hint_) const
  {
    xml_attribute_struct* hint = hint_._attr;

    // if hint is not an attribute of node, behavior is not defined
    assert(!hint || (_root && impl::is_attribute_of(hint, _root)));

    if (!_root) return xml_attribute();

    // optimistically search from hint up until the end
    for (xml_attribute_struct* i = hint; i; i = i->next_attribute)
    {
      const char_t* iname = i->name;
      if (iname && impl::strequal(name_, iname))
      {
        // update hint to maximize efficiency of searching for consecutive attributes
        hint_._attr = i->next_attribute;

        return xml_attribute(i);
      }
    }

    // wrap around and search from the first attribute until the hint
    // 'j' null pointer check is technically redundant, but it prevents a crash in case the assertion above fails
    for (xml_attribute_struct* j = _root->first_attribute; j && j != hint; j = j->next_attribute)
    {
      const char_t* jname = j->name;
      if (jname && impl::strequal(name_, jname))
      {
        // update hint to maximize efficiency of searching for consecutive attributes
        hint_._attr = j->next_attribute;

        return xml_attribute(j);
      }
    }

    return xml_attribute();
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::attribute(string_view_t name_, xml_attribute& hint_) const
  {
    xml_attribute_struct* hint = hint_._attr;

    // if hint is not an attribute of node, behavior is not defined
    assert(!hint || (_root && impl::is_attribute_of(hint, _root)));

    if (!_root) return xml_attribute();

    // optimistically search from hint up until the end
    for (xml_attribute_struct* i = hint; i; i = i->next_attribute)
    {
      const char_t* iname = i->name;
      if (iname && impl::stringview_equal(name_, iname))
      {
        // update hint to maximize efficiency of searching for consecutive attributes
        hint_._attr = i->next_attribute;

        return xml_attribute(i);
      }
    }

    // wrap around and search from the first attribute until the hint
    // 'j' null pointer check is technically redundant, but it prevents a crash in case the assertion above fails
    for (xml_attribute_struct* j = _root->first_attribute; j && j != hint; j = j->next_attribute)
    {
      const char_t* jname = j->name;
      if (jname && impl::stringview_equal(name_, jname))
      {
        // update hint to maximize efficiency of searching for consecutive attributes
        hint_._attr = j->next_attribute;

        return xml_attribute(j);
      }
    }

    return xml_attribute();
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::previous_sibling() const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_node();
    xml_node_struct* prev = _root->prev_sibling_c;
    return prev->next_sibling ? xml_node(prev) : xml_node();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::parent() const
  {
    return _root ? xml_node(_root->parent) : xml_node();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::root() const
  {
    return _root ? xml_node(&impl::get_document(_root)) : xml_node();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text xml_node::text() const
  {
    return xml_text(_root);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* xml_node::child_value() const
  {
    if (!_root) return PUGIXML_TEXT("");

    // element nodes can have value if parse_embed_pcdata was used
    if (PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(_root) == node_element && _root->value)
      return _root->value;

    for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->first_child; i; i = i->next_sibling)
    {
      const char_t* ivalue = i->value;
      if (impl::is_text_node(i) && ivalue)
        return ivalue;
    }

    return PUGIXML_TEXT("");
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* xml_node::child_value(const char_t* name_) const
  {
    return child(name_).child_value();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::first_attribute() const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_attribute();
    return xml_attribute(_root->first_attribute);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::last_attribute() const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_attribute();
    xml_attribute_struct* first = _root->first_attribute;
    return first ? xml_attribute(first->prev_attribute_c) : xml_attribute();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::first_child() const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_node();
    return xml_node(_root->first_child);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::last_child() const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_node();
    xml_node_struct* first = _root->first_child;
    return first ? xml_node(first->prev_sibling_c) : xml_node();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::set_name(const char_t* rhs)
  {
    xml_node_type type_ = _root ? PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(_root) : node_null;

    if (type_ != node_element && type_ != node_pi && type_ != node_declaration)
      return false;

    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_root->name, _root->header, impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask, rhs, impl::strlength(rhs));
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::set_name(const char_t* rhs, size_t size)
  {
    xml_node_type type_ = _root ? PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(_root) : node_null;

    if (type_ != node_element && type_ != node_pi && type_ != node_declaration)
      return false;

    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_root->name, _root->header, impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask, rhs, size);
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::set_name(string_view_t rhs)
  {
    xml_node_type type_ = _root ? PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(_root) : node_null;

    if (type_ != node_element && type_ != node_pi && type_ != node_declaration)
      return false;

    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_root->name, _root->header, impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask, rhs.data(), rhs.size());
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::set_value(const char_t* rhs)
  {
    xml_node_type type_ = _root ? PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(_root) : node_null;

    if (type_ != node_pcdata && type_ != node_cdata && type_ != node_comment && type_ != node_pi && type_ != node_doctype)
      return false;

    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_root->value, _root->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, impl::strlength(rhs));
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::set_value(const char_t* rhs, size_t size)
  {
    xml_node_type type_ = _root ? PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(_root) : node_null;

    if (type_ != node_pcdata && type_ != node_cdata && type_ != node_comment && type_ != node_pi && type_ != node_doctype)
      return false;

    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_root->value, _root->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, size);
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::set_value(string_view_t rhs)
  {
    xml_node_type type_ = _root ? PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(_root) : node_null;

    if (type_ != node_pcdata && type_ != node_cdata && type_ != node_comment && type_ != node_pi && type_ != node_doctype)
      return false;

    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_root->value, _root->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs.data(), rhs.size());
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::append_attribute(const char_t* name_)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_insert_attribute(type())) return xml_attribute();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_attribute();

    xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(alloc));
    if (!a) return xml_attribute();

    impl::append_attribute(a._attr, _root);

    a.set_name(name_);

    return a;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::prepend_attribute(const char_t* name_)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_insert_attribute(type())) return xml_attribute();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_attribute();

    xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(alloc));
    if (!a) return xml_attribute();

    impl::prepend_attribute(a._attr, _root);

    a.set_name(name_);

    return a;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::insert_attribute_after(const char_t* name_, const xml_attribute& attr)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_insert_attribute(type())) return xml_attribute();
    if (!attr || !impl::is_attribute_of(attr._attr, _root)) return xml_attribute();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_attribute();

    xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(alloc));
    if (!a) return xml_attribute();

    impl::insert_attribute_after(a._attr, attr._attr, _root);

    a.set_name(name_);

    return a;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::insert_attribute_before(const char_t* name_, const xml_attribute& attr)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_insert_attribute(type())) return xml_attribute();
    if (!attr || !impl::is_attribute_of(attr._attr, _root)) return xml_attribute();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_attribute();

    xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(alloc));
    if (!a) return xml_attribute();

    impl::insert_attribute_before(a._attr, attr._attr, _root);

    a.set_name(name_);

    return a;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::append_attribute(string_view_t name_)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_insert_attribute(type())) return xml_attribute();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_attribute();

    xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(alloc));
    if (!a) return xml_attribute();

    impl::append_attribute(a._attr, _root);

    a.set_name(name_);

    return a;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::prepend_attribute(string_view_t name_)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_insert_attribute(type())) return xml_attribute();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_attribute();

    xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(alloc));
    if (!a) return xml_attribute();

    impl::prepend_attribute(a._attr, _root);

    a.set_name(name_);

    return a;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::insert_attribute_after(string_view_t name_, const xml_attribute& attr)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_insert_attribute(type())) return xml_attribute();
    if (!attr || !impl::is_attribute_of(attr._attr, _root)) return xml_attribute();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_attribute();

    xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(alloc));
    if (!a) return xml_attribute();

    impl::insert_attribute_after(a._attr, attr._attr, _root);

    a.set_name(name_);

    return a;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::insert_attribute_before(string_view_t name_, const xml_attribute& attr)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_insert_attribute(type())) return xml_attribute();
    if (!attr || !impl::is_attribute_of(attr._attr, _root)) return xml_attribute();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_attribute();

    xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(alloc));
    if (!a) return xml_attribute();

    impl::insert_attribute_before(a._attr, attr._attr, _root);

    a.set_name(name_);

    return a;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::append_copy(const xml_attribute& proto)
  {
    if (!proto) return xml_attribute();
    if (!impl::allow_insert_attribute(type())) return xml_attribute();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_attribute();

    xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(alloc));
    if (!a) return xml_attribute();

    impl::append_attribute(a._attr, _root);
    impl::node_copy_attribute(a._attr, proto._attr);

    return a;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::prepend_copy(const xml_attribute& proto)
  {
    if (!proto) return xml_attribute();
    if (!impl::allow_insert_attribute(type())) return xml_attribute();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_attribute();

    xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(alloc));
    if (!a) return xml_attribute();

    impl::prepend_attribute(a._attr, _root);
    impl::node_copy_attribute(a._attr, proto._attr);

    return a;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::insert_copy_after(const xml_attribute& proto, const xml_attribute& attr)
  {
    if (!proto) return xml_attribute();
    if (!impl::allow_insert_attribute(type())) return xml_attribute();
    if (!attr || !impl::is_attribute_of(attr._attr, _root)) return xml_attribute();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_attribute();

    xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(alloc));
    if (!a) return xml_attribute();

    impl::insert_attribute_after(a._attr, attr._attr, _root);
    impl::node_copy_attribute(a._attr, proto._attr);

    return a;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xml_node::insert_copy_before(const xml_attribute& proto, const xml_attribute& attr)
  {
    if (!proto) return xml_attribute();
    if (!impl::allow_insert_attribute(type())) return xml_attribute();
    if (!attr || !impl::is_attribute_of(attr._attr, _root)) return xml_attribute();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_attribute();

    xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(alloc));
    if (!a) return xml_attribute();

    impl::insert_attribute_before(a._attr, attr._attr, _root);
    impl::node_copy_attribute(a._attr, proto._attr);

    return a;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::append_child(xml_node_type type_)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_insert_child(type(), type_)) return xml_node();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_node();

    xml_node n(impl::allocate_node(alloc, type_));
    if (!n) return xml_node();

    impl::append_node(n._root, _root);

    if (type_ == node_declaration) n.set_name(PUGIXML_TEXT("xml"));

    return n;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::prepend_child(xml_node_type type_)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_insert_child(type(), type_)) return xml_node();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_node();

    xml_node n(impl::allocate_node(alloc, type_));
    if (!n) return xml_node();

    impl::prepend_node(n._root, _root);

    if (type_ == node_declaration) n.set_name(PUGIXML_TEXT("xml"));

    return n;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::insert_child_before(xml_node_type type_, const xml_node& node)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_insert_child(type(), type_)) return xml_node();
    if (!node._root || node._root->parent != _root) return xml_node();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_node();

    xml_node n(impl::allocate_node(alloc, type_));
    if (!n) return xml_node();

    impl::insert_node_before(n._root, node._root);

    if (type_ == node_declaration) n.set_name(PUGIXML_TEXT("xml"));

    return n;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::insert_child_after(xml_node_type type_, const xml_node& node)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_insert_child(type(), type_)) return xml_node();
    if (!node._root || node._root->parent != _root) return xml_node();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_node();

    xml_node n(impl::allocate_node(alloc, type_));
    if (!n) return xml_node();

    impl::insert_node_after(n._root, node._root);

    if (type_ == node_declaration) n.set_name(PUGIXML_TEXT("xml"));

    return n;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::append_child(const char_t* name_)
  {
    xml_node result = append_child(node_element);

    result.set_name(name_);

    return result;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::prepend_child(const char_t* name_)
  {
    xml_node result = prepend_child(node_element);

    result.set_name(name_);

    return result;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::insert_child_after(const char_t* name_, const xml_node& node)
  {
    xml_node result = insert_child_after(node_element, node);

    result.set_name(name_);

    return result;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::insert_child_before(const char_t* name_, const xml_node& node)
  {
    xml_node result = insert_child_before(node_element, node);

    result.set_name(name_);

    return result;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::append_child(string_view_t name_)
  {
    xml_node result = append_child(node_element);

    result.set_name(name_);

    return result;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::prepend_child(string_view_t name_)
  {
    xml_node result = prepend_child(node_element);

    result.set_name(name_);

    return result;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::insert_child_after(string_view_t name_, const xml_node& node)
  {
    xml_node result = insert_child_after(node_element, node);

    result.set_name(name_);

    return result;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::insert_child_before(string_view_t name_, const xml_node& node)
  {
    xml_node result = insert_child_before(node_element, node);

    result.set_name(name_);

    return result;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::append_copy(const xml_node& proto)
  {
    xml_node_type type_ = proto.type();
    if (!impl::allow_insert_child(type(), type_)) return xml_node();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_node();

    xml_node n(impl::allocate_node(alloc, type_));
    if (!n) return xml_node();

    impl::append_node(n._root, _root);
    impl::node_copy_tree(n._root, proto._root);

    return n;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::prepend_copy(const xml_node& proto)
  {
    xml_node_type type_ = proto.type();
    if (!impl::allow_insert_child(type(), type_)) return xml_node();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_node();

    xml_node n(impl::allocate_node(alloc, type_));
    if (!n) return xml_node();

    impl::prepend_node(n._root, _root);
    impl::node_copy_tree(n._root, proto._root);

    return n;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::insert_copy_after(const xml_node& proto, const xml_node& node)
  {
    xml_node_type type_ = proto.type();
    if (!impl::allow_insert_child(type(), type_)) return xml_node();
    if (!node._root || node._root->parent != _root) return xml_node();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_node();

    xml_node n(impl::allocate_node(alloc, type_));
    if (!n) return xml_node();

    impl::insert_node_after(n._root, node._root);
    impl::node_copy_tree(n._root, proto._root);

    return n;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::insert_copy_before(const xml_node& proto, const xml_node& node)
  {
    xml_node_type type_ = proto.type();
    if (!impl::allow_insert_child(type(), type_)) return xml_node();
    if (!node._root || node._root->parent != _root) return xml_node();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_node();

    xml_node n(impl::allocate_node(alloc, type_));
    if (!n) return xml_node();

    impl::insert_node_before(n._root, node._root);
    impl::node_copy_tree(n._root, proto._root);

    return n;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::append_move(const xml_node& moved)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_move(*this, moved)) return xml_node();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_node();

    // disable document_buffer_order optimization since moving nodes around changes document order without changing buffer pointers
    impl::get_document(_root).header |= impl::xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask;

    impl::remove_node(moved._root);
    impl::append_node(moved._root, _root);

    return moved;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::prepend_move(const xml_node& moved)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_move(*this, moved)) return xml_node();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_node();

    // disable document_buffer_order optimization since moving nodes around changes document order without changing buffer pointers
    impl::get_document(_root).header |= impl::xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask;

    impl::remove_node(moved._root);
    impl::prepend_node(moved._root, _root);

    return moved;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::insert_move_after(const xml_node& moved, const xml_node& node)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_move(*this, moved)) return xml_node();
    if (!node._root || node._root->parent != _root) return xml_node();
    if (moved._root == node._root) return xml_node();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_node();

    // disable document_buffer_order optimization since moving nodes around changes document order without changing buffer pointers
    impl::get_document(_root).header |= impl::xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask;

    impl::remove_node(moved._root);
    impl::insert_node_after(moved._root, node._root);

    return moved;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::insert_move_before(const xml_node& moved, const xml_node& node)
  {
    if (!impl::allow_move(*this, moved)) return xml_node();
    if (!node._root || node._root->parent != _root) return xml_node();
    if (moved._root == node._root) return xml_node();

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return xml_node();

    // disable document_buffer_order optimization since moving nodes around changes document order without changing buffer pointers
    impl::get_document(_root).header |= impl::xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask;

    impl::remove_node(moved._root);
    impl::insert_node_before(moved._root, node._root);

    return moved;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::remove_attribute(const char_t* name_)
  {
    return remove_attribute(attribute(name_));
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::remove_attribute(string_view_t name_)
  {
    return remove_attribute(attribute(name_));
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::remove_attribute(const xml_attribute& a)
  {
    if (!_root || !a._attr) return false;
    if (!impl::is_attribute_of(a._attr, _root)) return false;

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return false;

    impl::remove_attribute(a._attr, _root);
    impl::destroy_attribute(a._attr, alloc);

    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::remove_attributes()
  {
    if (!_root) return false;

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return false;

    for (xml_attribute_struct* attr = _root->first_attribute; attr; )
    {
      xml_attribute_struct* next = attr->next_attribute;

      impl::destroy_attribute(attr, alloc);

      attr = next;
    }

    _root->first_attribute = NULL;

    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::remove_child(const char_t* name_)
  {
    return remove_child(child(name_));
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::remove_child(string_view_t name_)
  {
    return remove_child(child(name_));
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::remove_child(const xml_node& n)
  {
    if (!_root || !n._root || n._root->parent != _root) return false;

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return false;

    impl::remove_node(n._root);
    impl::destroy_node(n._root, alloc);

    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::remove_children()
  {
    if (!_root) return false;

    impl::xml_allocator& alloc = impl::get_allocator(_root);
    if (!alloc.reserve()) return false;

    for (xml_node_struct* cur = _root->first_child; cur; )
    {
      xml_node_struct* next = cur->next_sibling;

      impl::destroy_node(cur, alloc);

      cur = next;
    }

    _root->first_child = NULL;

    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result xml_node::append_buffer(const void* contents, size_t size, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
  {
    // append_buffer is only valid for elements/documents
    if (!impl::allow_insert_child(type(), node_element)) return impl::make_parse_result(status_append_invalid_root);

    // append buffer can not merge PCDATA into existing PCDATA nodes
    if ((options & parse_merge_pcdata) != 0 && last_child().type() == node_pcdata) return impl::make_parse_result(status_append_invalid_root);

    // get document node
    impl::xml_document_struct* doc = &impl::get_document(_root);

    // disable document_buffer_order optimization since in a document with multiple buffers comparing buffer pointers does not make sense
    doc->header |= impl::xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask;

    // get extra buffer element (we'll store the document fragment buffer there so that we can deallocate it later)
    impl::xml_memory_page* page = NULL;
    impl::xml_extra_buffer* extra = static_cast<impl::xml_extra_buffer*>(doc->allocate_memory(sizeof(impl::xml_extra_buffer) + sizeof(void*), page));
    (void)page;

    if (!extra) return impl::make_parse_result(status_out_of_memory);

  #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
    // align the memory block to a pointer boundary; this is required for compact mode where memory allocations are only 4b aligned
    // note that this requires up to sizeof(void*)-1 additional memory, which the allocation above takes into account
    extra = reinterpret_cast<impl::xml_extra_buffer*>((reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(extra) + (sizeof(void*) - 1)) & ~(sizeof(void*) - 1));
  #endif

    // add extra buffer to the list
    extra->buffer = NULL;
    extra->next = doc->extra_buffers;
    doc->extra_buffers = extra;

    // name of the root has to be NULL before parsing - otherwise closing node mismatches will not be detected at the top level
    impl::name_null_sentry sentry(_root);

    return impl::load_buffer_impl(doc, _root, const_cast<void*>(contents), size, options, encoding, false, false, &extra->buffer);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::find_child_by_attribute(const char_t* name_, const char_t* attr_name, const char_t* attr_value) const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_node();

    for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->first_child; i; i = i->next_sibling)
    {
      const char_t* iname = i->name;
      if (iname && impl::strequal(name_, iname))
      {
        for (xml_attribute_struct* a = i->first_attribute; a; a = a->next_attribute)
        {
          const char_t* aname = a->name;
          if (aname && impl::strequal(attr_name, aname))
          {
            const char_t* avalue = a->value;
            if (impl::strequal(attr_value, avalue ? avalue : PUGIXML_TEXT("")))
              return xml_node(i);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    return xml_node();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::find_child_by_attribute(const char_t* attr_name, const char_t* attr_value) const
  {
    if (!_root) return xml_node();

    for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->first_child; i; i = i->next_sibling)
      for (xml_attribute_struct* a = i->first_attribute; a; a = a->next_attribute)
      {
        const char_t* aname = a->name;
        if (aname && impl::strequal(attr_name, aname))
        {
          const char_t* avalue = a->value;
          if (impl::strequal(attr_value, avalue ? avalue : PUGIXML_TEXT("")))
            return xml_node(i);
        }
      }

    return xml_node();
  }

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
  PUGI_IMPL_FN string_t xml_node::path(char_t delimiter) const
  {
    if (!_root) return string_t();

    size_t offset = 0;

    for (xml_node_struct* i = _root; i; i = i->parent)
    {
      const char_t* iname = i->name;
      offset += (i != _root);
      offset += iname ? impl::strlength(iname) : 0;
    }

    string_t result;
    result.resize(offset);

    for (xml_node_struct* j = _root; j; j = j->parent)
    {
      if (j != _root)
        result[--offset] = delimiter;

      const char_t* jname = j->name;
      if (jname)
      {
        size_t length = impl::strlength(jname);

        offset -= length;
        memcpy(&result[offset], jname, length * sizeof(char_t));
      }
    }

    assert(offset == 0);

    return result;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_node::first_element_by_path(const char_t* path_, char_t delimiter) const
  {
    xml_node context = path_[0] == delimiter ? root() : *this;

    if (!context._root) return xml_node();

    const char_t* path_segment = path_;

    while (*path_segment == delimiter) ++path_segment;

    const char_t* path_segment_end = path_segment;

    while (*path_segment_end && *path_segment_end != delimiter) ++path_segment_end;

    if (path_segment == path_segment_end) return context;

    const char_t* next_segment = path_segment_end;

    while (*next_segment == delimiter) ++next_segment;

    if (*path_segment == '.' && path_segment + 1 == path_segment_end)
      return context.first_element_by_path(next_segment, delimiter);
    else if (*path_segment == '.' && *(path_segment+1) == '.' && path_segment + 2 == path_segment_end)
      return context.parent().first_element_by_path(next_segment, delimiter);
    else
    {
      for (xml_node_struct* j = context._root->first_child; j; j = j->next_sibling)
      {
        const char_t* jname = j->name;
        if (jname && impl::strequalrange(jname, path_segment, static_cast<size_t>(path_segment_end - path_segment)))
        {
          xml_node subsearch = xml_node(j).first_element_by_path(next_segment, delimiter);

          if (subsearch) return subsearch;
        }
      }

      return xml_node();
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node::traverse(xml_tree_walker& walker)
  {
    walker._depth = -1;

    xml_node arg_begin(_root);
    if (!walker.begin(arg_begin)) return false;

    xml_node_struct* cur = _root ? _root->first_child + 0 : NULL;

    if (cur)
    {
      ++walker._depth;

      do
      {
        xml_node arg_for_each(cur);
        if (!walker.for_each(arg_for_each))
          return false;

        if (cur->first_child)
        {
          ++walker._depth;
          cur = cur->first_child;
        }
        else if (cur->next_sibling)
          cur = cur->next_sibling;
        else
        {
          while (!cur->next_sibling && cur != _root && cur->parent)
          {
            --walker._depth;
            cur = cur->parent;
          }

          if (cur != _root)
            cur = cur->next_sibling;
        }
      }
      while (cur && cur != _root);
    }

    assert(walker._depth == -1);

    xml_node arg_end(_root);
    return walker.end(arg_end);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t xml_node::hash_value() const
  {
    return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(_root) / sizeof(xml_node_struct);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node_struct* xml_node::internal_object() const
  {
    return _root;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_node::print(xml_writer& writer, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding, unsigned int depth) const
  {
    if (!_root) return;

    impl::xml_buffered_writer buffered_writer(writer, encoding);

    impl::node_output(buffered_writer, _root, indent, flags, depth);

    buffered_writer.flush();
  }

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_node::print(std::basic_ostream<char>& stream, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding, unsigned int depth) const
  {
    xml_writer_stream writer(stream);

    print(writer, indent, flags, encoding, depth);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_node::print(std::basic_ostream<wchar_t>& stream, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, unsigned int depth) const
  {
    xml_writer_stream writer(stream);

    print(writer, indent, flags, encoding_wchar, depth);
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN ptrdiff_t xml_node::offset_debug() const
  {
    if (!_root) return -1;

    impl::xml_document_struct& doc = impl::get_document(_root);

    // we can determine the offset reliably only if there is exactly once parse buffer
    if (!doc.buffer || doc.extra_buffers) return -1;

    switch (type())
    {
    case node_document:
      return 0;

    case node_element:
    case node_declaration:
    case node_pi:
      return _root->name && (_root->header & impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_or_shared_mask) == 0 ? _root->name - doc.buffer : -1;

    case node_pcdata:
    case node_cdata:
    case node_comment:
    case node_doctype:
      return _root->value && (_root->header & impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_or_shared_mask) == 0 ? _root->value - doc.buffer : -1;

    default:
      assert(false && "Invalid node type"); // unreachable
      return -1;
    }
  }

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool operator&&(const xml_node& lhs, bool rhs)
  {
    return (bool)lhs && rhs;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool operator||(const xml_node& lhs, bool rhs)
  {
    return (bool)lhs || rhs;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text::xml_text(xml_node_struct* root): _root(root)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node_struct* xml_text::_data() const
  {
    if (!_root || impl::is_text_node(_root)) return _root;

    // element nodes can have value if parse_embed_pcdata was used
    if (PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(_root) == node_element && _root->value)
      return _root;

    for (xml_node_struct* node = _root->first_child; node; node = node->next_sibling)
      if (impl::is_text_node(node))
        return node;

    return NULL;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node_struct* xml_text::_data_new()
  {
    xml_node_struct* d = _data();
    if (d) return d;

    return xml_node(_root).append_child(node_pcdata).internal_object();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text::xml_text(): _root(NULL)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN static void unspecified_bool_xml_text(xml_text***)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text::operator xml_text::unspecified_bool_type() const
  {
    return _data() ? unspecified_bool_xml_text : NULL;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::operator!() const
  {
    return !_data();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::empty() const
  {
    return _data() == NULL;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* xml_text::get() const
  {
    xml_node_struct* d = _data();
    if (!d) return PUGIXML_TEXT("");
    const char_t* value = d->value;
    return value ? value : PUGIXML_TEXT("");
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* xml_text::as_string(const char_t* def) const
  {
    xml_node_struct* d = _data();
    if (!d) return def;
    const char_t* value = d->value;
    return value ? value : def;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN int xml_text::as_int(int def) const
  {
    xml_node_struct* d = _data();
    if (!d) return def;
    const char_t* value = d->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_int(value) : def;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN unsigned int xml_text::as_uint(unsigned int def) const
  {
    xml_node_struct* d = _data();
    if (!d) return def;
    const char_t* value = d->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_uint(value) : def;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN double xml_text::as_double(double def) const
  {
    xml_node_struct* d = _data();
    if (!d) return def;
    const char_t* value = d->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_double(value) : def;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN float xml_text::as_float(float def) const
  {
    xml_node_struct* d = _data();
    if (!d) return def;
    const char_t* value = d->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_float(value) : def;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::as_bool(bool def) const
  {
    xml_node_struct* d = _data();
    if (!d) return def;
    const char_t* value = d->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_bool(value) : def;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_LONG_LONG
  PUGI_IMPL_FN long long xml_text::as_llong(long long def) const
  {
    xml_node_struct* d = _data();
    if (!d) return def;
    const char_t* value = d->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_llong(value) : def;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN unsigned long long xml_text::as_ullong(unsigned long long def) const
  {
    xml_node_struct* d = _data();
    if (!d) return def;
    const char_t* value = d->value;
    return value ? impl::get_value_ullong(value) : def;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(const char_t* rhs)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::strcpy_insitu(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, impl::strlength(rhs)) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(const char_t* rhs, size_t size)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::strcpy_insitu(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, size) : false;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(string_view_t rhs)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::strcpy_insitu(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs.data(), rhs.size()) : false;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(int rhs)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::set_value_integer<unsigned int>(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, rhs < 0) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(unsigned int rhs)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::set_value_integer<unsigned int>(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, false) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(long rhs)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::set_value_integer<unsigned long>(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, rhs < 0) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(unsigned long rhs)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::set_value_integer<unsigned long>(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, false) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(float rhs)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::set_value_convert(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, default_float_precision) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(float rhs, int precision)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::set_value_convert(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, precision) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(double rhs)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::set_value_convert(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, default_double_precision) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(double rhs, int precision)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::set_value_convert(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, precision) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(bool rhs)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::set_value_bool(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs) : false;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_LONG_LONG
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(long long rhs)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::set_value_integer<unsigned long long>(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, rhs < 0) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_text::set(unsigned long long rhs)
  {
    xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

    return dn ? impl::set_value_integer<unsigned long long>(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs, false) : false;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(const char_t* rhs)
  {
    set(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(int rhs)
  {
    set(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(unsigned int rhs)
  {
    set(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(long rhs)
  {
    set(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(unsigned long rhs)
  {
    set(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(double rhs)
  {
    set(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(float rhs)
  {
    set(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(bool rhs)
  {
    set(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_STRING_VIEW
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(string_view_t rhs)
  {
    set(rhs);
    return *this;
  }
#endif

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_LONG_LONG
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(long long rhs)
  {
    set(rhs);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(unsigned long long rhs)
  {
    set(rhs);
    return *this;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_text::data() const
  {
    return xml_node(_data());
  }

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool operator&&(const xml_text& lhs, bool rhs)
  {
    return (bool)lhs && rhs;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool operator||(const xml_text& lhs, bool rhs)
  {
    return (bool)lhs || rhs;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node_iterator::xml_node_iterator()
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node_iterator::xml_node_iterator(const xml_node& node): _wrap(node), _parent(node.parent())
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node_iterator::xml_node_iterator(xml_node_struct* ref, xml_node_struct* parent): _wrap(ref), _parent(parent)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node_iterator::operator==(const xml_node_iterator& rhs) const
  {
    return _wrap._root == rhs._wrap._root && _parent._root == rhs._parent._root;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_node_iterator::operator!=(const xml_node_iterator& rhs) const
  {
    return _wrap._root != rhs._wrap._root || _parent._root != rhs._parent._root;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node& xml_node_iterator::operator*() const
  {
    assert(_wrap._root);
    return _wrap;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node* xml_node_iterator::operator->() const
  {
    assert(_wrap._root);
    return &_wrap;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node_iterator& xml_node_iterator::operator++()
  {
    assert(_wrap._root);
    _wrap._root = _wrap._root->next_sibling;
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node_iterator xml_node_iterator::operator++(int)
  {
    xml_node_iterator temp = *this;
    ++*this;
    return temp;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node_iterator& xml_node_iterator::operator--()
  {
    _wrap = _wrap._root ? _wrap.previous_sibling() : _parent.last_child();
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node_iterator xml_node_iterator::operator--(int)
  {
    xml_node_iterator temp = *this;
    --*this;
    return temp;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute_iterator::xml_attribute_iterator()
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute_iterator::xml_attribute_iterator(const xml_attribute& attr, const xml_node& parent): _wrap(attr), _parent(parent)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute_iterator::xml_attribute_iterator(xml_attribute_struct* ref, xml_node_struct* parent): _wrap(ref), _parent(parent)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute_iterator::operator==(const xml_attribute_iterator& rhs) const
  {
    return _wrap._attr == rhs._wrap._attr && _parent._root == rhs._parent._root;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_attribute_iterator::operator!=(const xml_attribute_iterator& rhs) const
  {
    return _wrap._attr != rhs._wrap._attr || _parent._root != rhs._parent._root;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute_iterator::operator*() const
  {
    assert(_wrap._attr);
    return _wrap;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute* xml_attribute_iterator::operator->() const
  {
    assert(_wrap._attr);
    return &_wrap;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute_iterator& xml_attribute_iterator::operator++()
  {
    assert(_wrap._attr);
    _wrap._attr = _wrap._attr->next_attribute;
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute_iterator xml_attribute_iterator::operator++(int)
  {
    xml_attribute_iterator temp = *this;
    ++*this;
    return temp;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute_iterator& xml_attribute_iterator::operator--()
  {
    _wrap = _wrap._attr ? _wrap.previous_attribute() : _parent.last_attribute();
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute_iterator xml_attribute_iterator::operator--(int)
  {
    xml_attribute_iterator temp = *this;
    --*this;
    return temp;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_named_node_iterator::xml_named_node_iterator(): _name(NULL)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_named_node_iterator::xml_named_node_iterator(const xml_node& node, const char_t* name): _wrap(node), _parent(node.parent()), _name(name)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_named_node_iterator::xml_named_node_iterator(xml_node_struct* ref, xml_node_struct* parent, const char_t* name): _wrap(ref), _parent(parent), _name(name)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_named_node_iterator::operator==(const xml_named_node_iterator& rhs) const
  {
    return _wrap._root == rhs._wrap._root && _parent._root == rhs._parent._root;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_named_node_iterator::operator!=(const xml_named_node_iterator& rhs) const
  {
    return _wrap._root != rhs._wrap._root || _parent._root != rhs._parent._root;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node& xml_named_node_iterator::operator*() const
  {
    assert(_wrap._root);
    return _wrap;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node* xml_named_node_iterator::operator->() const
  {
    assert(_wrap._root);
    return &_wrap;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_named_node_iterator& xml_named_node_iterator::operator++()
  {
    assert(_wrap._root);
    _wrap = _wrap.next_sibling(_name);
    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_named_node_iterator xml_named_node_iterator::operator++(int)
  {
    xml_named_node_iterator temp = *this;
    ++*this;
    return temp;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_named_node_iterator& xml_named_node_iterator::operator--()
  {
    if (_wrap._root)
      _wrap = _wrap.previous_sibling(_name);
    else
    {
      _wrap = _parent.last_child();

      if (!impl::strequal(_wrap.name(), _name))
        _wrap = _wrap.previous_sibling(_name);
    }

    return *this;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_named_node_iterator xml_named_node_iterator::operator--(int)
  {
    xml_named_node_iterator temp = *this;
    --*this;
    return temp;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result::xml_parse_result(): status(status_internal_error), offset(0), encoding(encoding_auto)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result::operator bool() const
  {
    return status == status_ok;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char* xml_parse_result::description() const
  {
    switch (status)
    {
    case status_ok: return "No error";

    case status_file_not_found: return "File was not found";
    case status_io_error: return "Error reading from file/stream";
    case status_out_of_memory: return "Could not allocate memory";
    case status_internal_error: return "Internal error occurred";

    case status_unrecognized_tag: return "Could not determine tag type";

    case status_bad_pi: return "Error parsing document declaration/processing instruction";
    case status_bad_comment: return "Error parsing comment";
    case status_bad_cdata: return "Error parsing CDATA section";
    case status_bad_doctype: return "Error parsing document type declaration";
    case status_bad_pcdata: return "Error parsing PCDATA section";
    case status_bad_start_element: return "Error parsing start element tag";
    case status_bad_attribute: return "Error parsing element attribute";
    case status_bad_end_element: return "Error parsing end element tag";
    case status_end_element_mismatch: return "Start-end tags mismatch";

    case status_append_invalid_root: return "Unable to append nodes: root is not an element or document";

    case status_no_document_element: return "No document element found";

    default: return "Unknown error";
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_document::xml_document(): _buffer(NULL)
  {
    _create();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_document::~xml_document()
  {
    _destroy();
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_MOVE
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_document::xml_document(xml_document&& rhs) PUGIXML_NOEXCEPT_IF_NOT_COMPACT: _buffer(NULL)
  {
    _create();
    _move(rhs);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_document& xml_document::operator=(xml_document&& rhs) PUGIXML_NOEXCEPT_IF_NOT_COMPACT
  {
    if (this == &rhs) return *this;

    _destroy();
    _create();
    _move(rhs);

    return *this;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_document::reset()
  {
    _destroy();
    _create();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_document::reset(const xml_document& proto)
  {
    reset();

    impl::node_copy_tree(_root, proto._root);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_document::_create()
  {
    assert(!_root);

  #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
    // space for page marker for the first page (uint32_t), rounded up to pointer size; assumes pointers are at least 32-bit
    const size_t page_offset = sizeof(void*);
  #else
    const size_t page_offset = 0;
  #endif

    // initialize sentinel page
    PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(impl::xml_memory_page) + sizeof(impl::xml_document_struct) + page_offset <= sizeof(_memory));

    // prepare page structure
    impl::xml_memory_page* page = impl::xml_memory_page::construct(_memory);
    assert(page);

    page->busy_size = impl::xml_memory_page_size;

    // setup first page marker
  #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
    // round-trip through void* to avoid 'cast increases required alignment of target type' warning
    page->compact_page_marker = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(static_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(page) + sizeof(impl::xml_memory_page)));
    *page->compact_page_marker = sizeof(impl::xml_memory_page);
  #endif

    // allocate new root
    _root = new (reinterpret_cast<char*>(page) + sizeof(impl::xml_memory_page) + page_offset) impl::xml_document_struct(page);
    _root->prev_sibling_c = _root;

    // setup sentinel page
    page->allocator = static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root);

    // setup hash table pointer in allocator
  #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
    page->allocator->_hash = &static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root)->hash;
  #endif

    // verify the document allocation
    assert(reinterpret_cast<char*>(_root) + sizeof(impl::xml_document_struct) <= _memory + sizeof(_memory));
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_document::_destroy()
  {
    assert(_root);

    // destroy static storage
    if (_buffer)
    {
      impl::xml_memory::deallocate(_buffer);
      _buffer = NULL;
    }

    // destroy extra buffers (note: no need to destroy linked list nodes, they're allocated using document allocator)
    for (impl::xml_extra_buffer* extra = static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root)->extra_buffers; extra; extra = extra->next)
    {
      if (extra->buffer) impl::xml_memory::deallocate(extra->buffer);
    }

    // destroy dynamic storage, leave sentinel page (it's in static memory)
    impl::xml_memory_page* root_page = PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE(_root);
    assert(root_page && !root_page->prev);
    assert(reinterpret_cast<char*>(root_page) >= _memory && reinterpret_cast<char*>(root_page) < _memory + sizeof(_memory));

    for (impl::xml_memory_page* page = root_page->next; page; )
    {
      impl::xml_memory_page* next = page->next;

      impl::xml_allocator::deallocate_page(page);

      page = next;
    }

  #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
    // destroy hash table
    static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root)->hash.clear();
  #endif

    _root = NULL;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_MOVE
  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_document::_move(xml_document& rhs) PUGIXML_NOEXCEPT_IF_NOT_COMPACT
  {
    impl::xml_document_struct* doc = static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root);
    impl::xml_document_struct* other = static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(rhs._root);

    // save first child pointer for later; this needs hash access
    xml_node_struct* other_first_child = other->first_child;

  #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
    // reserve space for the hash table up front; this is the only operation that can fail
    // if it does, we have no choice but to throw (if we have exceptions)
    if (other_first_child)
    {
      size_t other_children = 0;
      for (xml_node_struct* node = other_first_child; node; node = node->next_sibling)
        other_children++;

      // in compact mode, each pointer assignment could result in a hash table request
      // during move, we have to relocate document first_child and parents of all children
      // normally there's just one child and its parent has a pointerless encoding but
      // we assume the worst here
      if (!other->_hash->reserve(other_children + 1))
      {
      #ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
        return;
      #else
        throw std::bad_alloc();
      #endif
      }
    }
  #endif

    // move allocation state
    // note that other->_root may point to the embedded document page, in which case we should keep original (empty) state
    if (other->_root != PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE(other))
    {
      doc->_root = other->_root;
      doc->_busy_size = other->_busy_size;
    }

    // move buffer state
    doc->buffer = other->buffer;
    doc->extra_buffers = other->extra_buffers;
    _buffer = rhs._buffer;

  #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
    // move compact hash; note that the hash table can have pointers to other but they will be "inactive", similarly to nodes removed with remove_child
    doc->hash = other->hash;
    doc->_hash = &doc->hash;

    // make sure we don't access other hash up until the end when we reinitialize other document
    other->_hash = NULL;
  #endif

    // move page structure
    impl::xml_memory_page* doc_page = PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE(doc);
    assert(doc_page && !doc_page->prev && !doc_page->next);

    impl::xml_memory_page* other_page = PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE(other);
    assert(other_page && !other_page->prev);

    // relink pages since root page is embedded into xml_document
    if (impl::xml_memory_page* page = other_page->next)
    {
      assert(page->prev == other_page);

      page->prev = doc_page;

      doc_page->next = page;
      other_page->next = NULL;
    }

    // make sure pages point to the correct document state
    for (impl::xml_memory_page* page = doc_page->next; page; page = page->next)
    {
      assert(page->allocator == other);

      page->allocator = doc;

    #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
      // this automatically migrates most children between documents and prevents ->parent assignment from allocating
      if (page->compact_shared_parent == other)
        page->compact_shared_parent = doc;
    #endif
    }

    // move tree structure
    assert(!doc->first_child);

    doc->first_child = other_first_child;

    for (xml_node_struct* node = other_first_child; node; node = node->next_sibling)
    {
    #ifdef PUGIXML_COMPACT
      // most children will have migrated when we reassigned compact_shared_parent
      assert(node->parent == other || node->parent == doc);

      node->parent = doc;
    #else
      assert(node->parent == other);
      node->parent = doc;
    #endif
    }

    // reset other document
    new (other) impl::xml_document_struct(PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE(other));
    rhs._buffer = NULL;
  }
#endif

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load(std::basic_istream<char>& stream, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
  {
    reset();

    return impl::load_stream_impl(static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root), stream, options, encoding, &_buffer);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load(std::basic_istream<wchar_t>& stream, unsigned int options)
  {
    reset();

    return impl::load_stream_impl(static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root), stream, options, encoding_wchar, &_buffer);
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load_string(const char_t* contents, unsigned int options)
  {
    // Force native encoding (skip autodetection)
  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    xml_encoding encoding = encoding_wchar;
  #else
    xml_encoding encoding = encoding_utf8;
  #endif

    return load_buffer(contents, impl::strlength(contents) * sizeof(char_t), options, encoding);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load(const char_t* contents, unsigned int options)
  {
    return load_string(contents, options);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load_file(const char* path_, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
  {
    reset();

    using impl::auto_deleter; // MSVC7 workaround
    auto_deleter<FILE> file(impl::open_file(path_, "rb"), impl::close_file);

    return impl::load_file_impl(static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root), file.data, options, encoding, &_buffer);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load_file(const wchar_t* path_, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
  {
    reset();

    using impl::auto_deleter; // MSVC7 workaround
    auto_deleter<FILE> file(impl::open_file_wide(path_, L"rb"), impl::close_file);

    return impl::load_file_impl(static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root), file.data, options, encoding, &_buffer);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load_buffer(const void* contents, size_t size, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
  {
    reset();

    return impl::load_buffer_impl(static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root), _root, const_cast<void*>(contents), size, options, encoding, false, false, &_buffer);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load_buffer_inplace(void* contents, size_t size, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
  {
    reset();

    return impl::load_buffer_impl(static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root), _root, contents, size, options, encoding, true, false, &_buffer);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load_buffer_inplace_own(void* contents, size_t size, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
  {
    reset();

    return impl::load_buffer_impl(static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root), _root, contents, size, options, encoding, true, true, &_buffer);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_document::save(xml_writer& writer, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding) const
  {
    impl::xml_buffered_writer buffered_writer(writer, encoding);

    if ((flags & format_write_bom) && buffered_writer.encoding != encoding_latin1)
    {
      // BOM always represents the codepoint U+FEFF, so just write it in native encoding
    #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
      unsigned int bom = 0xfeff;
      buffered_writer.write(static_cast<wchar_t>(bom));
    #else
      buffered_writer.write('\xef', '\xbb', '\xbf');
    #endif
    }

    if (!(flags & format_no_declaration) && !impl::has_declaration(_root))
    {
      buffered_writer.write_string(PUGIXML_TEXT("<?xml version=\"1.0\""));
      if (buffered_writer.encoding == encoding_latin1) buffered_writer.write_string(PUGIXML_TEXT(" encoding=\"ISO-8859-1\""));
      buffered_writer.write('?', '>');
      if (!(flags & format_raw)) buffered_writer.write('\n');
    }

    impl::node_output(buffered_writer, _root, indent, flags, 0);

    buffered_writer.flush();
  }

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_document::save(std::basic_ostream<char>& stream, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding) const
  {
    xml_writer_stream writer(stream);

    save(writer, indent, flags, encoding);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xml_document::save(std::basic_ostream<wchar_t>& stream, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags) const
  {
    xml_writer_stream writer(stream);

    save(writer, indent, flags, encoding_wchar);
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_document::save_file(const char* path_, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding) const
  {
    using impl::auto_deleter; // MSVC7 workaround
    auto_deleter<FILE> file(impl::open_file(path_, (flags & format_save_file_text) ? "w" : "wb"), impl::close_file);

    return impl::save_file_impl(*this, file.data, indent, flags, encoding) && fclose(file.release()) == 0;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xml_document::save_file(const wchar_t* path_, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding) const
  {
    using impl::auto_deleter; // MSVC7 workaround
    auto_deleter<FILE> file(impl::open_file_wide(path_, (flags & format_save_file_text) ? L"w" : L"wb"), impl::close_file);

    return impl::save_file_impl(*this, file.data, indent, flags, encoding) && fclose(file.release()) == 0;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xml_document::document_element() const
  {
    assert(_root);

    for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->first_child; i; i = i->next_sibling)
      if (PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(i) == node_element)
        return xml_node(i);

    return xml_node();
  }

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
  PUGI_IMPL_FN std::string PUGIXML_FUNCTION as_utf8(const wchar_t* str)
  {
    assert(str);

    return impl::as_utf8_impl(str, impl::strlength_wide(str));
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN std::string PUGIXML_FUNCTION as_utf8(const std::basic_string<wchar_t>& str)
  {
    return impl::as_utf8_impl(str.c_str(), str.size());
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN std::basic_string<wchar_t> PUGIXML_FUNCTION as_wide(const char* str)
  {
    assert(str);

    return impl::as_wide_impl(str, strlen(str));
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN std::basic_string<wchar_t> PUGIXML_FUNCTION as_wide(const std::string& str)
  {
    return impl::as_wide_impl(str.c_str(), str.size());
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void PUGIXML_FUNCTION set_memory_management_functions(allocation_function allocate, deallocation_function deallocate)
  {
    impl::xml_memory::allocate = allocate;
    impl::xml_memory::deallocate = deallocate;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN allocation_function PUGIXML_FUNCTION get_memory_allocation_function()
  {
    return impl::xml_memory::allocate;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN deallocation_function PUGIXML_FUNCTION get_memory_deallocation_function()
  {
    return impl::xml_memory::deallocate;
  }
}

#if !defined(PUGIXML_NO_STL) && (defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__ICC))
namespace std
{
  // Workarounds for (non-standard) iterator category detection for older versions (MSVC7/IC8 and earlier)
  PUGI_IMPL_FN std::bidirectional_iterator_tag _Iter_cat(const pugi::xml_node_iterator&)
  {
    return std::bidirectional_iterator_tag();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN std::bidirectional_iterator_tag _Iter_cat(const pugi::xml_attribute_iterator&)
  {
    return std::bidirectional_iterator_tag();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN std::bidirectional_iterator_tag _Iter_cat(const pugi::xml_named_node_iterator&)
  {
    return std::bidirectional_iterator_tag();
  }
}
#endif

#if !defined(PUGIXML_NO_STL) && defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
namespace std
{
  // Workarounds for (non-standard) iterator category detection
  PUGI_IMPL_FN std::bidirectional_iterator_tag __iterator_category(const pugi::xml_node_iterator&)
  {
    return std::bidirectional_iterator_tag();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN std::bidirectional_iterator_tag __iterator_category(const pugi::xml_attribute_iterator&)
  {
    return std::bidirectional_iterator_tag();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN std::bidirectional_iterator_tag __iterator_category(const pugi::xml_named_node_iterator&)
  {
    return std::bidirectional_iterator_tag();
  }
}
#endif

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_XPATH
// STL replacements
PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  struct equal_to
  {
    template <typename T> bool operator()(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const
    {
      return lhs == rhs;
    }
  };

  struct not_equal_to
  {
    template <typename T> bool operator()(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const
    {
      return lhs != rhs;
    }
  };

  struct less
  {
    template <typename T> bool operator()(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const
    {
      return lhs < rhs;
    }
  };

  struct less_equal
  {
    template <typename T> bool operator()(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const
    {
      return lhs <= rhs;
    }
  };

  template <typename T> inline void swap(T& lhs, T& rhs)
  {
    T temp = lhs;
    lhs = rhs;
    rhs = temp;
  }

  template <typename I, typename Pred> PUGI_IMPL_FN I min_element(I begin, I end, const Pred& pred)
  {
    I result = begin;

    for (I it = begin + 1; it != end; ++it)
      if (pred(*it, *result))
        result = it;

    return result;
  }

  template <typename I> PUGI_IMPL_FN void reverse(I begin, I end)
  {
    while (end - begin > 1)
      swap(*begin++, *--end);
  }

  template <typename I> PUGI_IMPL_FN I unique(I begin, I end)
  {
    // fast skip head
    while (end - begin > 1 && *begin != *(begin + 1))
      begin++;

    if (begin == end)
      return begin;

    // last written element
    I write = begin++;

    // merge unique elements
    while (begin != end)
    {
      if (*begin != *write)
        *++write = *begin++;
      else
        begin++;
    }

    // past-the-end (write points to live element)
    return write + 1;
  }

  template <typename T, typename Pred> PUGI_IMPL_FN void insertion_sort(T* begin, T* end, const Pred& pred)
  {
    if (begin == end)
      return;

    for (T* it = begin + 1; it != end; ++it)
    {
      T val = *it;
      T* hole = it;

      // move hole backwards
      while (hole > begin && pred(val, *(hole - 1)))
      {
        *hole = *(hole - 1);
        hole--;
      }

      // fill hole with element
      *hole = val;
    }
  }

  template <typename I, typename Pred> inline I median3(I first, I middle, I last, const Pred& pred)
  {
    if (pred(*middle, *first))
      swap(middle, first);
    if (pred(*last, *middle))
      swap(last, middle);
    if (pred(*middle, *first))
      swap(middle, first);

    return middle;
  }

  template <typename T, typename Pred> PUGI_IMPL_FN void partition3(T* begin, T* end, T pivot, const Pred& pred, T** out_eqbeg, T** out_eqend)
  {
    // invariant: array is split into 4 groups: = < ? > (each variable denotes the boundary between the groups)
    T* eq = begin;
    T* lt = begin;
    T* gt = end;

    while (lt < gt)
    {
      if (pred(*lt, pivot))
        lt++;
      else if (*lt == pivot)
        swap(*eq++, *lt++);
      else
        swap(*lt, *--gt);
    }

    // we now have just 4 groups: = < >; move equal elements to the middle
    T* eqbeg = gt;

    for (T* it = begin; it != eq; ++it)
      swap(*it, *--eqbeg);

    *out_eqbeg = eqbeg;
    *out_eqend = gt;
  }

  template <typename I, typename Pred> PUGI_IMPL_FN void sort(I begin, I end, const Pred& pred)
  {
    // sort large chunks
    while (end - begin > 16)
    {
      // find median element
      I middle = begin + (end - begin) / 2;
      I median = median3(begin, middle, end - 1, pred);

      // partition in three chunks (< = >)
      I eqbeg, eqend;
      partition3(begin, end, *median, pred, &eqbeg, &eqend);

      // loop on larger half
      if (eqbeg - begin > end - eqend)
      {
        sort(eqend, end, pred);
        end = eqbeg;
      }
      else
      {
        sort(begin, eqbeg, pred);
        begin = eqend;
      }
    }

    // insertion sort small chunk
    insertion_sort(begin, end, pred);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool hash_insert(const void** table, size_t size, const void* key)
  {
    assert(key);

    unsigned int h = static_cast<unsigned int>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(key));

    // MurmurHash3 32-bit finalizer
    h ^= h >> 16;
    h *= 0x85ebca6bu;
    h ^= h >> 13;
    h *= 0xc2b2ae35u;
    h ^= h >> 16;

    size_t hashmod = size - 1;
    size_t bucket = h & hashmod;

    for (size_t probe = 0; probe <= hashmod; ++probe)
    {
      if (table[bucket] == NULL)
      {
        table[bucket] = key;
        return true;
      }

      if (table[bucket] == key)
        return false;

      // hash collision, quadratic probing
      bucket = (bucket + probe + 1) & hashmod;
    }

    assert(false && "Hash table is full"); // unreachable
    return false;
  }
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

// Allocator used for AST and evaluation stacks
PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  static const size_t xpath_memory_page_size =
  #ifdef PUGIXML_MEMORY_XPATH_PAGE_SIZE
    PUGIXML_MEMORY_XPATH_PAGE_SIZE
  #else
    4096
  #endif
    ;

  static const uintptr_t xpath_memory_block_alignment = sizeof(double) > sizeof(void*) ? sizeof(double) : sizeof(void*);

  struct xpath_memory_block
  {
    xpath_memory_block* next;
    size_t capacity;

    union
    {
      char data[xpath_memory_page_size];
      double alignment;
    };
  };

  struct xpath_allocator
  {
    xpath_memory_block* _root;
    size_t _root_size;
    bool* _error;

    xpath_allocator(xpath_memory_block* root, bool* error = NULL): _root(root), _root_size(0), _error(error)
    {
    }

    void* allocate(size_t size)
    {
      // round size up to block alignment boundary
      size = (size + xpath_memory_block_alignment - 1) & ~(xpath_memory_block_alignment - 1);

      if (_root_size + size <= _root->capacity)
      {
        void* buf = &_root->data[0] + _root_size;
        _root_size += size;
        return buf;
      }
      else
      {
        // make sure we have at least 1/4th of the page free after allocation to satisfy subsequent allocation requests
        size_t block_capacity_base = sizeof(_root->data);
        size_t block_capacity_req = size + block_capacity_base / 4;
        size_t block_capacity = (block_capacity_base > block_capacity_req) ? block_capacity_base : block_capacity_req;

        size_t block_size = block_capacity + offsetof(xpath_memory_block, data);

        xpath_memory_block* block = static_cast<xpath_memory_block*>(xml_memory::allocate(block_size));
        if (!block)
        {
          if (_error) *_error = true;
          return NULL;
        }

        block->next = _root;
        block->capacity = block_capacity;

        _root = block;
        _root_size = size;

        return block->data;
      }
    }

    void* reallocate(void* ptr, size_t old_size, size_t new_size)
    {
      // round size up to block alignment boundary
      old_size = (old_size + xpath_memory_block_alignment - 1) & ~(xpath_memory_block_alignment - 1);
      new_size = (new_size + xpath_memory_block_alignment - 1) & ~(xpath_memory_block_alignment - 1);

      // we can only reallocate the last object
      assert(ptr == NULL || static_cast<char*>(ptr) + old_size == &_root->data[0] + _root_size);

      // try to reallocate the object inplace
      if (ptr && _root_size - old_size + new_size <= _root->capacity)
      {
        _root_size = _root_size - old_size + new_size;
        return ptr;
      }

      // allocate a new block
      void* result = allocate(new_size);
      if (!result) return NULL;

      // we have a new block
      if (ptr)
      {
        // copy old data (we only support growing)
        assert(new_size >= old_size);
        memcpy(result, ptr, old_size);

        // free the previous page if it had no other objects
        assert(_root->data == result);
        assert(_root->next);

        if (_root->next->data == ptr)
        {
          // deallocate the whole page, unless it was the first one
          xpath_memory_block* next = _root->next->next;

          if (next)
          {
            xml_memory::deallocate(_root->next);
            _root->next = next;
          }
        }
      }

      return result;
    }

    void revert(const xpath_allocator& state)
    {
      // free all new pages
      xpath_memory_block* cur = _root;

      while (cur != state._root)
      {
        xpath_memory_block* next = cur->next;

        xml_memory::deallocate(cur);

        cur = next;
      }

      // restore state
      _root = state._root;
      _root_size = state._root_size;
    }

    void release()
    {
      xpath_memory_block* cur = _root;
      assert(cur);

      while (cur->next)
      {
        xpath_memory_block* next = cur->next;

        xml_memory::deallocate(cur);

        cur = next;
      }
    }
  };

  struct xpath_allocator_capture
  {
    xpath_allocator_capture(xpath_allocator* alloc): _target(alloc), _state(*alloc)
    {
    }

    ~xpath_allocator_capture()
    {
      _target->revert(_state);
    }

    xpath_allocator* _target;
    xpath_allocator _state;
  };

  struct xpath_stack
  {
    xpath_allocator* result;
    xpath_allocator* temp;
  };

  struct xpath_stack_data
  {
    xpath_memory_block blocks[2];
    xpath_allocator result;
    xpath_allocator temp;
    xpath_stack stack;
    bool oom;

    xpath_stack_data(): result(blocks + 0, &oom), temp(blocks + 1, &oom), oom(false)
    {
      blocks[0].next = blocks[1].next = NULL;
      blocks[0].capacity = blocks[1].capacity = sizeof(blocks[0].data);

      stack.result = &result;
      stack.temp = &temp;
    }

    ~xpath_stack_data()
    {
      result.release();
      temp.release();
    }
  };
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

// String class
PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  class xpath_string
  {
    const char_t* _buffer;
    bool _uses_heap;
    size_t _length_heap;

    static char_t* duplicate_string(const char_t* string, size_t length, xpath_allocator* alloc)
    {
      char_t* result = static_cast<char_t*>(alloc->allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
      if (!result) return NULL;

      memcpy(result, string, length * sizeof(char_t));
      result[length] = 0;

      return result;
    }

    xpath_string(const char_t* buffer, bool uses_heap_, size_t length_heap): _buffer(buffer), _uses_heap(uses_heap_), _length_heap(length_heap)
    {
    }

  public:
    static xpath_string from_const(const char_t* str)
    {
      return xpath_string(str, false, 0);
    }

    static xpath_string from_heap_preallocated(const char_t* begin, const char_t* end)
    {
      assert(begin <= end && *end == 0);

      return xpath_string(begin, true, static_cast<size_t>(end - begin));
    }

    static xpath_string from_heap(const char_t* begin, const char_t* end, xpath_allocator* alloc)
    {
      assert(begin <= end);

      if (begin == end)
        return xpath_string();

      size_t length = static_cast<size_t>(end - begin);
      const char_t* data = duplicate_string(begin, length, alloc);

      return data ? xpath_string(data, true, length) : xpath_string();
    }

    xpath_string(): _buffer(PUGIXML_TEXT("")), _uses_heap(false), _length_heap(0)
    {
    }

    void append(const xpath_string& o, xpath_allocator* alloc)
    {
      // skip empty sources
      if (!*o._buffer) return;

      // fast append for constant empty target and constant source
      if (!*_buffer && !_uses_heap && !o._uses_heap)
      {
        _buffer = o._buffer;
      }
      else
      {
        // need to make heap copy
        size_t target_length = length();
        size_t source_length = o.length();
        size_t result_length = target_length + source_length;

        // allocate new buffer
        char_t* result = static_cast<char_t*>(alloc->reallocate(_uses_heap ? const_cast<char_t*>(_buffer) : NULL, (target_length + 1) * sizeof(char_t), (result_length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
        if (!result) return;

        // append first string to the new buffer in case there was no reallocation
        if (!_uses_heap) memcpy(result, _buffer, target_length * sizeof(char_t));

        // append second string to the new buffer
        memcpy(result + target_length, o._buffer, source_length * sizeof(char_t));
        result[result_length] = 0;

        // finalize
        _buffer = result;
        _uses_heap = true;
        _length_heap = result_length;
      }
    }

    const char_t* c_str() const
    {
      return _buffer;
    }

    size_t length() const
    {
      return _uses_heap ? _length_heap : strlength(_buffer);
    }

    char_t* data(xpath_allocator* alloc)
    {
      // make private heap copy
      if (!_uses_heap)
      {
        size_t length_ = strlength(_buffer);
        const char_t* data_ = duplicate_string(_buffer, length_, alloc);

        if (!data_) return NULL;

        _buffer = data_;
        _uses_heap = true;
        _length_heap = length_;
      }

      return const_cast<char_t*>(_buffer);
    }

    bool empty() const
    {
      return *_buffer == 0;
    }

    bool operator==(const xpath_string& o) const
    {
      return strequal(_buffer, o._buffer);
    }

    bool operator!=(const xpath_string& o) const
    {
      return !strequal(_buffer, o._buffer);
    }

    bool uses_heap() const
    {
      return _uses_heap;
    }
  };
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool starts_with(const char_t* string, const char_t* pattern)
  {
    while (*pattern && *string == *pattern)
    {
      string++;
      pattern++;
    }

    return *pattern == 0;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* find_char(const char_t* s, char_t c)
  {
  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    return wcschr(s, c);
  #else
    return strchr(s, c);
  #endif
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* find_substring(const char_t* s, const char_t* p)
  {
  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    // MSVC6 wcsstr bug workaround (if s is empty it always returns 0)
    return (*p == 0) ? s : wcsstr(s, p);
  #else
    return strstr(s, p);
  #endif
  }

  // Converts symbol to lower case, if it is an ASCII one
  PUGI_IMPL_FN char_t tolower_ascii(char_t ch)
  {
    return static_cast<unsigned int>(ch - 'A') < 26 ? static_cast<char_t>(ch | ' ') : ch;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_string string_value(const xpath_node& na, xpath_allocator* alloc)
  {
    if (na.attribute())
      return xpath_string::from_const(na.attribute().value());
    else
    {
      xml_node n = na.node();

      switch (n.type())
      {
      case node_pcdata:
      case node_cdata:
      case node_comment:
      case node_pi:
        return xpath_string::from_const(n.value());

      case node_document:
      case node_element:
      {
        xpath_string result;

        // element nodes can have value if parse_embed_pcdata was used
        if (n.value()[0])
          result.append(xpath_string::from_const(n.value()), alloc);

        xml_node cur = n.first_child();

        while (cur && cur != n)
        {
          if (cur.type() == node_pcdata || cur.type() == node_cdata)
            result.append(xpath_string::from_const(cur.value()), alloc);

          if (cur.first_child())
            cur = cur.first_child();
          else if (cur.next_sibling())
            cur = cur.next_sibling();
          else
          {
            while (!cur.next_sibling() && cur != n)
              cur = cur.parent();

            if (cur != n) cur = cur.next_sibling();
          }
        }

        return result;
      }

      default:
        return xpath_string();
      }
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool node_is_before_sibling(xml_node_struct* ln, xml_node_struct* rn)
  {
    assert(ln->parent == rn->parent);

    // there is no common ancestor (the shared parent is null), nodes are from different documents
    if (!ln->parent) return ln < rn;

    // determine sibling order
    xml_node_struct* ls = ln;
    xml_node_struct* rs = rn;

    while (ls && rs)
    {
      if (ls == rn) return true;
      if (rs == ln) return false;

      ls = ls->next_sibling;
      rs = rs->next_sibling;
    }

    // if rn sibling chain ended ln must be before rn
    return !rs;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool node_is_before(xml_node_struct* ln, xml_node_struct* rn)
  {
    // find common ancestor at the same depth, if any
    xml_node_struct* lp = ln;
    xml_node_struct* rp = rn;

    while (lp && rp && lp->parent != rp->parent)
    {
      lp = lp->parent;
      rp = rp->parent;
    }

    // parents are the same!
    if (lp && rp) return node_is_before_sibling(lp, rp);

    // nodes are at different depths, need to normalize heights
    bool left_higher = !lp;

    while (lp)
    {
      lp = lp->parent;
      ln = ln->parent;
    }

    while (rp)
    {
      rp = rp->parent;
      rn = rn->parent;
    }

    // one node is the ancestor of the other
    if (ln == rn) return left_higher;

    // find common ancestor... again
    while (ln->parent != rn->parent)
    {
      ln = ln->parent;
      rn = rn->parent;
    }

    return node_is_before_sibling(ln, rn);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool node_is_ancestor(xml_node_struct* parent, xml_node_struct* node)
  {
    while (node && node != parent) node = node->parent;

    return parent && node == parent;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const void* document_buffer_order(const xpath_node& xnode)
  {
    xml_node_struct* node = xnode.node().internal_object();

    if (node)
    {
      if ((get_document(node).header & xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask) == 0)
      {
        if (node->name && (node->header & impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_or_shared_mask) == 0) return node->name;
        if (node->value && (node->header & impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_or_shared_mask) == 0) return node->value;
      }

      return NULL;
    }

    xml_attribute_struct* attr = xnode.attribute().internal_object();

    if (attr)
    {
      if ((get_document(attr).header & xml_memory_page_contents_shared_mask) == 0)
      {
        if ((attr->header & impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_or_shared_mask) == 0) return attr->name;
        if ((attr->header & impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_or_shared_mask) == 0) return attr->value;
      }

      return NULL;
    }

    return NULL;
  }

  struct document_order_comparator
  {
    bool operator()(const xpath_node& lhs, const xpath_node& rhs) const
    {
      // optimized document order based check
      const void* lo = document_buffer_order(lhs);
      const void* ro = document_buffer_order(rhs);

      if (lo && ro) return lo < ro;

      // slow comparison
      xml_node ln = lhs.node(), rn = rhs.node();

      // compare attributes
      if (lhs.attribute() && rhs.attribute())
      {
        // shared parent
        if (lhs.parent() == rhs.parent())
        {
          // determine sibling order
          for (xml_attribute a = lhs.attribute(); a; a = a.next_attribute())
            if (a == rhs.attribute())
              return true;

          return false;
        }

        // compare attribute parents
        ln = lhs.parent();
        rn = rhs.parent();
      }
      else if (lhs.attribute())
      {
        // attributes go after the parent element
        if (lhs.parent() == rhs.node()) return false;

        ln = lhs.parent();
      }
      else if (rhs.attribute())
      {
        // attributes go after the parent element
        if (rhs.parent() == lhs.node()) return true;

        rn = rhs.parent();
      }

      if (ln == rn) return false;

      if (!ln || !rn) return ln < rn;

      return node_is_before(ln.internal_object(), rn.internal_object());
    }
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN double gen_nan()
  {
  #if defined(__STDC_IEC_559__) || ((FLT_RADIX - 0 == 2) && (FLT_MAX_EXP - 0 == 128) && (FLT_MANT_DIG - 0 == 24))
    PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(float) == sizeof(uint32_t));
    typedef uint32_t UI; // BCC5 workaround
    union { float f; UI i; } u;
    u.i = 0x7fc00000;
    return double(u.f);
  #else
    // fallback
    const volatile double zero = 0.0;
    return zero / zero;
  #endif
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool is_nan(double value)
  {
  #if defined(PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
    return !!_isnan(value);
  #elif defined(fpclassify) && defined(FP_NAN)
    return fpclassify(value) == FP_NAN;
  #else
    // fallback
    const volatile double v = value;
    return v != v;
  #endif
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* convert_number_to_string_special(double value)
  {
  #if defined(PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
    if (_finite(value)) return (value == 0) ? PUGIXML_TEXT("0") : 0;
    if (_isnan(value)) return PUGIXML_TEXT("NaN");
    return value > 0 ? PUGIXML_TEXT("Infinity") : PUGIXML_TEXT("-Infinity");
  #elif defined(fpclassify) && defined(FP_NAN) && defined(FP_INFINITE) && defined(FP_ZERO)
    switch (fpclassify(value))
    {
    case FP_NAN:
      return PUGIXML_TEXT("NaN");

    case FP_INFINITE:
      return value > 0 ? PUGIXML_TEXT("Infinity") : PUGIXML_TEXT("-Infinity");

    case FP_ZERO:
      return PUGIXML_TEXT("0");

    default:
      return 0;
    }
  #else
    // fallback
    const volatile double v = value;

    if (v == 0) return PUGIXML_TEXT("0");
    if (v != v) return PUGIXML_TEXT("NaN");
    if (v * 2 == v) return value > 0 ? PUGIXML_TEXT("Infinity") : PUGIXML_TEXT("-Infinity");
    return NULL;
  #endif
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool convert_number_to_boolean(double value)
  {
    return (value != 0 && !is_nan(value));
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void truncate_zeros(char* begin, char* end)
  {
    while (begin != end && end[-1] == '0') end--;

    *end = 0;
  }

  // gets mantissa digits in the form of 0.xxxxx with 0. implied and the exponent
#if defined(PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION) && PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION >= 1400
  PUGI_IMPL_FN void convert_number_to_mantissa_exponent(double value, char (&buffer)[32], char** out_mantissa, int* out_exponent)
  {
    // get base values
    int sign, exponent;
    _ecvt_s(buffer, sizeof(buffer), value, DBL_DIG + 1, &exponent, &sign);

    // truncate redundant zeros
    truncate_zeros(buffer, buffer + strlen(buffer));

    // fill results
    *out_mantissa = buffer;
    *out_exponent = exponent;
  }
#else
  PUGI_IMPL_FN void convert_number_to_mantissa_exponent(double value, char (&buffer)[32], char** out_mantissa, int* out_exponent)
  {
    // get a scientific notation value with IEEE DBL_DIG decimals
    PUGI_IMPL_SNPRINTF(buffer, "%.*e", DBL_DIG, value);

    // get the exponent (possibly negative)
    char* exponent_string = strchr(buffer, 'e');
    assert(exponent_string);

    int exponent = atoi(exponent_string + 1);

    // extract mantissa string: skip sign
    char* mantissa = buffer[0] == '-' ? buffer + 1 : buffer;
    assert(mantissa[0] != '0' && (mantissa[1] == '.' || mantissa[1] == ','));

    // divide mantissa by 10 to eliminate integer part
    mantissa[1] = mantissa[0];
    mantissa++;
    exponent++;

    // remove extra mantissa digits and zero-terminate mantissa
    truncate_zeros(mantissa, exponent_string);

    // fill results
    *out_mantissa = mantissa;
    *out_exponent = exponent;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_string convert_number_to_string(double value, xpath_allocator* alloc)
  {
    // try special number conversion
    const char_t* special = convert_number_to_string_special(value);
    if (special) return xpath_string::from_const(special);

    // get mantissa + exponent form
    char mantissa_buffer[32];

    char* mantissa;
    int exponent;
    convert_number_to_mantissa_exponent(value, mantissa_buffer, &mantissa, &exponent);

    // allocate a buffer of suitable length for the number
    size_t result_size = strlen(mantissa_buffer) + (exponent > 0 ? exponent : -exponent) + 4;
    char_t* result = static_cast<char_t*>(alloc->allocate(sizeof(char_t) * result_size));
    if (!result) return xpath_string();

    // make the number!
    char_t* s = result;

    // sign
    if (value < 0) *s++ = '-';

    // integer part
    if (exponent <= 0)
    {
      *s++ = '0';
    }
    else
    {
      while (exponent > 0)
      {
        assert(*mantissa == 0 || static_cast<unsigned int>(*mantissa - '0') <= 9);
        *s++ = *mantissa ? *mantissa++ : '0';
        exponent--;
      }
    }

    // fractional part
    if (*mantissa)
    {
      // decimal point
      *s++ = '.';

      // extra zeroes from negative exponent
      while (exponent < 0)
      {
        *s++ = '0';
        exponent++;
      }

      // extra mantissa digits
      while (*mantissa)
      {
        assert(static_cast<unsigned int>(*mantissa - '0') <= 9);
        *s++ = *mantissa++;
      }
    }

    // zero-terminate
    assert(s < result + result_size);
    *s = 0;

    return xpath_string::from_heap_preallocated(result, s);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool check_string_to_number_format(const char_t* string)
  {
    // parse leading whitespace
    while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*string, ct_space)) ++string;

    // parse sign
    if (*string == '-') ++string;

    if (!*string) return false;

    // if there is no integer part, there should be a decimal part with at least one digit
    if (!PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(string[0], ctx_digit) && (string[0] != '.' || !PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(string[1], ctx_digit))) return false;

    // parse integer part
    while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*string, ctx_digit)) ++string;

    // parse decimal part
    if (*string == '.')
    {
      ++string;

      while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*string, ctx_digit)) ++string;
    }

    // parse trailing whitespace
    while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*string, ct_space)) ++string;

    return *string == 0;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN double convert_string_to_number(const char_t* string)
  {
    // check string format
    if (!check_string_to_number_format(string)) return gen_nan();

    // parse string
  #ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    return wcstod(string, NULL);
  #else
    return strtod(string, NULL);
  #endif
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool convert_string_to_number_scratch(char_t (&buffer)[32], const char_t* begin, const char_t* end, double* out_result)
  {
    size_t length = static_cast<size_t>(end - begin);
    char_t* scratch = buffer;

    if (length >= sizeof(buffer) / sizeof(buffer[0]))
    {
      // need to make dummy on-heap copy
      scratch = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
      if (!scratch) return false;
    }

    // copy string to zero-terminated buffer and perform conversion
    memcpy(scratch, begin, length * sizeof(char_t));
    scratch[length] = 0;

    *out_result = convert_string_to_number(scratch);

    // free dummy buffer
    if (scratch != buffer) xml_memory::deallocate(scratch);

    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN double round_nearest(double value)
  {
    return floor(value + 0.5);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN double round_nearest_nzero(double value)
  {
    // same as round_nearest, but returns -0 for [-0.5, -0]
    // ceil is used to differentiate between +0 and -0 (we return -0 for [-0.5, -0] and +0 for +0)
    return (value >= -0.5 && value <= 0) ? ceil(value) : floor(value + 0.5);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* qualified_name(const xpath_node& node)
  {
    return node.attribute() ? node.attribute().name() : node.node().name();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* local_name(const xpath_node& node)
  {
    const char_t* name = qualified_name(node);
    const char_t* p = find_char(name, ':');

    return p ? p + 1 : name;
  }

  struct namespace_uri_predicate
  {
    const char_t* prefix;
    size_t prefix_length;

    namespace_uri_predicate(const char_t* name)
    {
      const char_t* pos = find_char(name, ':');

      prefix = pos ? name : NULL;
      prefix_length = pos ? static_cast<size_t>(pos - name) : 0;
    }

    bool operator()(xml_attribute a) const
    {
      const char_t* name = a.name();

      if (!starts_with(name, PUGIXML_TEXT("xmlns"))) return false;

      return prefix ? name[5] == ':' && strequalrange(name + 6, prefix, prefix_length) : name[5] == 0;
    }
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* namespace_uri(xml_node node)
  {
    namespace_uri_predicate pred = node.name();

    xml_node p = node;

    while (p)
    {
      xml_attribute a = p.find_attribute(pred);

      if (a) return a.value();

      p = p.parent();
    }

    return PUGIXML_TEXT("");
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* namespace_uri(xml_attribute attr, xml_node parent)
  {
    namespace_uri_predicate pred = attr.name();

    // Default namespace does not apply to attributes
    if (!pred.prefix) return PUGIXML_TEXT("");

    xml_node p = parent;

    while (p)
    {
      xml_attribute a = p.find_attribute(pred);

      if (a) return a.value();

      p = p.parent();
    }

    return PUGIXML_TEXT("");
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* namespace_uri(const xpath_node& node)
  {
    return node.attribute() ? namespace_uri(node.attribute(), node.parent()) : namespace_uri(node.node());
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN char_t* normalize_space(char_t* buffer)
  {
    char_t* write = buffer;

    for (char_t* it = buffer; *it; )
    {
      char_t ch = *it++;

      if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(ch, ct_space))
      {
        // replace whitespace sequence with single space
        while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*it, ct_space)) it++;

        // avoid leading spaces
        if (write != buffer) *write++ = ' ';
      }
      else *write++ = ch;
    }

    // remove trailing space
    if (write != buffer && PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(write[-1], ct_space)) write--;

    // zero-terminate
    *write = 0;

    return write;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN char_t* translate(char_t* buffer, const char_t* from, const char_t* to, size_t to_length)
  {
    char_t* write = buffer;

    while (*buffer)
    {
      PUGI_IMPL_DMC_VOLATILE char_t ch = *buffer++;

      const char_t* pos = find_char(from, ch);

      if (!pos)
        *write++ = ch; // do not process
      else if (static_cast<size_t>(pos - from) < to_length)
        *write++ = to[pos - from]; // replace
    }

    // zero-terminate
    *write = 0;

    return write;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN unsigned char* translate_table_generate(xpath_allocator* alloc, const char_t* from, const char_t* to)
  {
    unsigned char table[128] = {0};

    while (*from)
    {
      unsigned int fc = static_cast<unsigned int>(*from);
      unsigned int tc = static_cast<unsigned int>(*to);

      if (fc >= 128 || tc >= 128)
        return NULL;

      // code=128 means "skip character"
      if (!table[fc])
        table[fc] = static_cast<unsigned char>(tc ? tc : 128);

      from++;
      if (tc) to++;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 128; ++i)
      if (!table[i])
        table[i] = static_cast<unsigned char>(i);

    void* result = alloc->allocate(sizeof(table));
    if (!result) return NULL;

    memcpy(result, table, sizeof(table));

    return static_cast<unsigned char*>(result);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN char_t* translate_table(char_t* buffer, const unsigned char* table)
  {
    char_t* write = buffer;

    while (*buffer)
    {
      char_t ch = *buffer++;
      unsigned int index = static_cast<unsigned int>(ch);

      if (index < 128)
      {
        unsigned char code = table[index];

        // code=128 means "skip character" (table size is 128 so 128 can be a special value)
        // this code skips these characters without extra branches
        *write = static_cast<char_t>(code);
        write += 1 - (code >> 7);
      }
      else
      {
        *write++ = ch;
      }
    }

    // zero-terminate
    *write = 0;

    return write;
  }

  inline bool is_xpath_attribute(const char_t* name)
  {
    return !(starts_with(name, PUGIXML_TEXT("xmlns")) && (name[5] == 0 || name[5] == ':'));
  }

  struct xpath_variable_boolean: xpath_variable
  {
    xpath_variable_boolean(): xpath_variable(xpath_type_boolean), value(false)
    {
    }

    bool value;
    char_t name[1];
  };

  struct xpath_variable_number: xpath_variable
  {
    xpath_variable_number(): xpath_variable(xpath_type_number), value(0)
    {
    }

    double value;
    char_t name[1];
  };

  struct xpath_variable_string: xpath_variable
  {
    xpath_variable_string(): xpath_variable(xpath_type_string), value(NULL)
    {
    }

    ~xpath_variable_string()
    {
      if (value) xml_memory::deallocate(value);
    }

    char_t* value;
    char_t name[1];
  };

  struct xpath_variable_node_set: xpath_variable
  {
    xpath_variable_node_set(): xpath_variable(xpath_type_node_set)
    {
    }

    xpath_node_set value;
    char_t name[1];
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN PUGI_IMPL_UNSIGNED_OVERFLOW unsigned int hash_string(const char_t* str)
  {
    // Jenkins one-at-a-time hash (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenkins_hash_function#one-at-a-time)
    unsigned int result = 0;

    while (*str)
    {
      result += static_cast<unsigned int>(*str++);
      result += result << 10;
      result ^= result >> 6;
    }

    result += result << 3;
    result ^= result >> 11;
    result += result << 15;

    return result;
  }

  template <typename T> PUGI_IMPL_FN T* new_xpath_variable(const char_t* name)
  {
    size_t length = strlength(name);
    if (length == 0) return NULL; // empty variable names are invalid

    // $$ we can't use offsetof(T, name) because T is non-POD, so we just allocate additional length characters
    void* memory = xml_memory::allocate(sizeof(T) + length * sizeof(char_t));
    if (!memory) return NULL;

    T* result = new (memory) T();

    memcpy(result->name, name, (length + 1) * sizeof(char_t));

    return result;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_variable* new_xpath_variable(xpath_value_type type, const char_t* name)
  {
    switch (type)
    {
    case xpath_type_node_set:
      return new_xpath_variable<xpath_variable_node_set>(name);

    case xpath_type_number:
      return new_xpath_variable<xpath_variable_number>(name);

    case xpath_type_string:
      return new_xpath_variable<xpath_variable_string>(name);

    case xpath_type_boolean:
      return new_xpath_variable<xpath_variable_boolean>(name);

    default:
      return NULL;
    }
  }

  template <typename T> PUGI_IMPL_FN void delete_xpath_variable(T* var)
  {
    var->~T();
    xml_memory::deallocate(var);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void delete_xpath_variable(xpath_value_type type, xpath_variable* var)
  {
    switch (type)
    {
    case xpath_type_node_set:
      delete_xpath_variable(static_cast<xpath_variable_node_set*>(var));
      break;

    case xpath_type_number:
      delete_xpath_variable(static_cast<xpath_variable_number*>(var));
      break;

    case xpath_type_string:
      delete_xpath_variable(static_cast<xpath_variable_string*>(var));
      break;

    case xpath_type_boolean:
      delete_xpath_variable(static_cast<xpath_variable_boolean*>(var));
      break;

    default:
      assert(false && "Invalid variable type"); // unreachable
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool copy_xpath_variable(xpath_variable* lhs, const xpath_variable* rhs)
  {
    switch (rhs->type())
    {
    case xpath_type_node_set:
      return lhs->set(static_cast<const xpath_variable_node_set*>(rhs)->value);

    case xpath_type_number:
      return lhs->set(static_cast<const xpath_variable_number*>(rhs)->value);

    case xpath_type_string:
      return lhs->set(static_cast<const xpath_variable_string*>(rhs)->value);

    case xpath_type_boolean:
      return lhs->set(static_cast<const xpath_variable_boolean*>(rhs)->value);

    default:
      assert(false && "Invalid variable type"); // unreachable
      return false;
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool get_variable_scratch(char_t (&buffer)[32], xpath_variable_set* set, const char_t* begin, const char_t* end, xpath_variable** out_result)
  {
    size_t length = static_cast<size_t>(end - begin);
    char_t* scratch = buffer;

    if (length >= sizeof(buffer) / sizeof(buffer[0]))
    {
      // need to make dummy on-heap copy
      scratch = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
      if (!scratch) return false;
    }

    // copy string to zero-terminated buffer and perform lookup
    memcpy(scratch, begin, length * sizeof(char_t));
    scratch[length] = 0;

    *out_result = set->get(scratch);

    // free dummy buffer
    if (scratch != buffer) xml_memory::deallocate(scratch);

    return true;
  }
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

// Internal node set class
PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set::type_t xpath_get_order(const xpath_node* begin, const xpath_node* end)
  {
    if (end - begin < 2)
      return xpath_node_set::type_sorted;

    document_order_comparator cmp;

    bool first = cmp(begin[0], begin[1]);

    for (const xpath_node* it = begin + 1; it + 1 < end; ++it)
      if (cmp(it[0], it[1]) != first)
        return xpath_node_set::type_unsorted;

    return first ? xpath_node_set::type_sorted : xpath_node_set::type_sorted_reverse;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set::type_t xpath_sort(xpath_node* begin, xpath_node* end, xpath_node_set::type_t type, bool rev)
  {
    xpath_node_set::type_t order = rev ? xpath_node_set::type_sorted_reverse : xpath_node_set::type_sorted;

    if (type == xpath_node_set::type_unsorted)
    {
      xpath_node_set::type_t sorted = xpath_get_order(begin, end);

      if (sorted == xpath_node_set::type_unsorted)
      {
        sort(begin, end, document_order_comparator());

        type = xpath_node_set::type_sorted;
      }
      else
        type = sorted;
    }

    if (type != order) reverse(begin, end);

    return order;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node xpath_first(const xpath_node* begin, const xpath_node* end, xpath_node_set::type_t type)
  {
    if (begin == end) return xpath_node();

    switch (type)
    {
    case xpath_node_set::type_sorted:
      return *begin;

    case xpath_node_set::type_sorted_reverse:
      return *(end - 1);

    case xpath_node_set::type_unsorted:
      return *min_element(begin, end, document_order_comparator());

    default:
      assert(false && "Invalid node set type"); // unreachable
      return xpath_node();
    }
  }

  class xpath_node_set_raw
  {
    xpath_node_set::type_t _type;

    xpath_node* _begin;
    xpath_node* _end;
    xpath_node* _eos;

  public:
    xpath_node_set_raw(): _type(xpath_node_set::type_unsorted), _begin(NULL), _end(NULL), _eos(NULL)
    {
    }

    xpath_node* begin() const
    {
      return _begin;
    }

    xpath_node* end() const
    {
      return _end;
    }

    bool empty() const
    {
      return _begin == _end;
    }

    size_t size() const
    {
      return static_cast<size_t>(_end - _begin);
    }

    xpath_node first() const
    {
      return xpath_first(_begin, _end, _type);
    }

    void push_back_grow(const xpath_node& node, xpath_allocator* alloc);

    void push_back(const xpath_node& node, xpath_allocator* alloc)
    {
      if (_end != _eos)
        *_end++ = node;
      else
        push_back_grow(node, alloc);
    }

    void append(const xpath_node* begin_, const xpath_node* end_, xpath_allocator* alloc)
    {
      if (begin_ == end_) return;

      size_t size_ = static_cast<size_t>(_end - _begin);
      size_t capacity = static_cast<size_t>(_eos - _begin);
      size_t count = static_cast<size_t>(end_ - begin_);

      if (size_ + count > capacity)
      {
        // reallocate the old array or allocate a new one
        xpath_node* data = static_cast<xpath_node*>(alloc->reallocate(_begin, capacity * sizeof(xpath_node), (size_ + count) * sizeof(xpath_node)));
        if (!data) return;

        // finalize
        _begin = data;
        _end = data + size_;
        _eos = data + size_ + count;
      }

      memcpy(_end, begin_, count * sizeof(xpath_node));
      _end += count;
    }

    void sort_do()
    {
      _type = xpath_sort(_begin, _end, _type, false);
    }

    void truncate(xpath_node* pos)
    {
      assert(_begin <= pos && pos <= _end);

      _end = pos;
    }

    void remove_duplicates(xpath_allocator* alloc)
    {
      if (_type == xpath_node_set::type_unsorted && _end - _begin > 2)
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(alloc);

        size_t size_ = static_cast<size_t>(_end - _begin);

        size_t hash_size = 1;
        while (hash_size < size_ + size_ / 2) hash_size *= 2;

        const void** hash_data = static_cast<const void**>(alloc->allocate(hash_size * sizeof(void*)));
        if (!hash_data) return;

        memset(hash_data, 0, hash_size * sizeof(void*));

        xpath_node* write = _begin;

        for (xpath_node* it = _begin; it != _end; ++it)
        {
          const void* attr = it->attribute().internal_object();
          const void* node = it->node().internal_object();
          const void* key = attr ? attr : node;

          if (key && hash_insert(hash_data, hash_size, key))
          {
            *write++ = *it;
          }
        }

        _end = write;
      }
      else
      {
        _end = unique(_begin, _end);
      }
    }

    xpath_node_set::type_t type() const
    {
      return _type;
    }

    void set_type(xpath_node_set::type_t value)
    {
      _type = value;
    }
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN_NO_INLINE void xpath_node_set_raw::push_back_grow(const xpath_node& node, xpath_allocator* alloc)
  {
    size_t capacity = static_cast<size_t>(_eos - _begin);

    // get new capacity (1.5x rule)
    size_t new_capacity = capacity + capacity / 2 + 1;

    // reallocate the old array or allocate a new one
    xpath_node* data = static_cast<xpath_node*>(alloc->reallocate(_begin, capacity * sizeof(xpath_node), new_capacity * sizeof(xpath_node)));
    if (!data) return;

    // finalize
    _begin = data;
    _end = data + capacity;
    _eos = data + new_capacity;

    // push
    *_end++ = node;
  }
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
  struct xpath_context
  {
    xpath_node n;
    size_t position, size;

    xpath_context(const xpath_node& n_, size_t position_, size_t size_): n(n_), position(position_), size(size_)
    {
    }
  };

  enum lexeme_t
  {
    lex_none = 0,
    lex_equal,
    lex_not_equal,
    lex_less,
    lex_greater,
    lex_less_or_equal,
    lex_greater_or_equal,
    lex_plus,
    lex_minus,
    lex_multiply,
    lex_union,
    lex_var_ref,
    lex_open_brace,
    lex_close_brace,
    lex_quoted_string,
    lex_number,
    lex_slash,
    lex_double_slash,
    lex_open_square_brace,
    lex_close_square_brace,
    lex_string,
    lex_comma,
    lex_axis_attribute,
    lex_dot,
    lex_double_dot,
    lex_double_colon,
    lex_eof
  };

  struct xpath_lexer_string
  {
    const char_t* begin;
    const char_t* end;

    xpath_lexer_string(): begin(NULL), end(NULL)
    {
    }

    bool operator==(const char_t* other) const
    {
      size_t length = static_cast<size_t>(end - begin);

      return strequalrange(other, begin, length);
    }
  };

  class xpath_lexer
  {
    const char_t* _cur;
    const char_t* _cur_lexeme_pos;
    xpath_lexer_string _cur_lexeme_contents;

    lexeme_t _cur_lexeme;

  public:
    explicit xpath_lexer(const char_t* query): _cur(query)
    {
      next();
    }

    const char_t* state() const
    {
      return _cur;
    }

    void next()
    {
      const char_t* cur = _cur;

      while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*cur, ct_space)) ++cur;

      // save lexeme position for error reporting
      _cur_lexeme_pos = cur;

      switch (*cur)
      {
      case 0:
        _cur_lexeme = lex_eof;
        break;

      case '>':
        if (*(cur+1) == '=')
        {
          cur += 2;
          _cur_lexeme = lex_greater_or_equal;
        }
        else
        {
          cur += 1;
          _cur_lexeme = lex_greater;
        }
        break;

      case '<':
        if (*(cur+1) == '=')
        {
          cur += 2;
          _cur_lexeme = lex_less_or_equal;
        }
        else
        {
          cur += 1;
          _cur_lexeme = lex_less;
        }
        break;

      case '!':
        if (*(cur+1) == '=')
        {
          cur += 2;
          _cur_lexeme = lex_not_equal;
        }
        else
        {
          _cur_lexeme = lex_none;
        }
        break;

      case '=':
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_equal;

        break;

      case '+':
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_plus;

        break;

      case '-':
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_minus;

        break;

      case '*':
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_multiply;

        break;

      case '|':
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_union;

        break;

      case '$':
        cur += 1;

        if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_start_symbol))
        {
          _cur_lexeme_contents.begin = cur;

          while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_symbol)) cur++;

          if (cur[0] == ':' && PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(cur[1], ctx_symbol)) // qname
          {
            cur++; // :

            while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_symbol)) cur++;
          }

          _cur_lexeme_contents.end = cur;

          _cur_lexeme = lex_var_ref;
        }
        else
        {
          _cur_lexeme = lex_none;
        }

        break;

      case '(':
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_open_brace;

        break;

      case ')':
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_close_brace;

        break;

      case '[':
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_open_square_brace;

        break;

      case ']':
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_close_square_brace;

        break;

      case ',':
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_comma;

        break;

      case '/':
        if (*(cur+1) == '/')
        {
          cur += 2;
          _cur_lexeme = lex_double_slash;
        }
        else
        {
          cur += 1;
          _cur_lexeme = lex_slash;
        }
        break;

      case '.':
        if (*(cur+1) == '.')
        {
          cur += 2;
          _cur_lexeme = lex_double_dot;
        }
        else if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*(cur+1), ctx_digit))
        {
          _cur_lexeme_contents.begin = cur; // .

          ++cur;

          while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_digit)) cur++;

          _cur_lexeme_contents.end = cur;

          _cur_lexeme = lex_number;
        }
        else
        {
          cur += 1;
          _cur_lexeme = lex_dot;
        }
        break;

      case '@':
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_axis_attribute;

        break;

      case '"':
      case '\'':
      {
        char_t terminator = *cur;

        ++cur;

        _cur_lexeme_contents.begin = cur;
        while (*cur && *cur != terminator) cur++;
        _cur_lexeme_contents.end = cur;

        if (!*cur)
          _cur_lexeme = lex_none;
        else
        {
          cur += 1;
          _cur_lexeme = lex_quoted_string;
        }

        break;
      }

      case ':':
        if (*(cur+1) == ':')
        {
          cur += 2;
          _cur_lexeme = lex_double_colon;
        }
        else
        {
          _cur_lexeme = lex_none;
        }
        break;

      default:
        if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_digit))
        {
          _cur_lexeme_contents.begin = cur;

          while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_digit)) cur++;

          if (*cur == '.')
          {
            cur++;

            while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_digit)) cur++;
          }

          _cur_lexeme_contents.end = cur;

          _cur_lexeme = lex_number;
        }
        else if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_start_symbol))
        {
          _cur_lexeme_contents.begin = cur;

          while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_symbol)) cur++;

          if (cur[0] == ':')
          {
            if (cur[1] == '*') // namespace test ncname:*
            {
              cur += 2; // :*
            }
            else if (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(cur[1], ctx_symbol)) // namespace test qname
            {
              cur++; // :

              while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_symbol)) cur++;
            }
          }

          _cur_lexeme_contents.end = cur;

          _cur_lexeme = lex_string;
        }
        else
        {
          _cur_lexeme = lex_none;
        }
      }

      _cur = cur;
    }

    lexeme_t current() const
    {
      return _cur_lexeme;
    }

    const char_t* current_pos() const
    {
      return _cur_lexeme_pos;
    }

    const xpath_lexer_string& contents() const
    {
      assert(_cur_lexeme == lex_var_ref || _cur_lexeme == lex_number || _cur_lexeme == lex_string || _cur_lexeme == lex_quoted_string);

      return _cur_lexeme_contents;
    }
  };

  enum ast_type_t
  {
    ast_unknown,
    ast_op_or,            // left or right
    ast_op_and,           // left and right
    ast_op_equal,         // left = right
    ast_op_not_equal,       // left != right
    ast_op_less,          // left < right
    ast_op_greater,         // left > right
    ast_op_less_or_equal,     // left <= right
    ast_op_greater_or_equal,    // left >= right
    ast_op_add,           // left + right
    ast_op_subtract,        // left - right
    ast_op_multiply,        // left * right
    ast_op_divide,          // left / right
    ast_op_mod,           // left % right
    ast_op_negate,          // left - right
    ast_op_union,         // left | right
    ast_predicate,          // apply predicate to set; next points to next predicate
    ast_filter,           // select * from left where right
    ast_string_constant,      // string constant
    ast_number_constant,      // number constant
    ast_variable,         // variable
    ast_func_last,          // last()
    ast_func_position,        // position()
    ast_func_count,         // count(left)
    ast_func_id,          // id(left)
    ast_func_local_name_0,      // local-name()
    ast_func_local_name_1,      // local-name(left)
    ast_func_namespace_uri_0,   // namespace-uri()
    ast_func_namespace_uri_1,   // namespace-uri(left)
    ast_func_name_0,        // name()
    ast_func_name_1,        // name(left)
    ast_func_string_0,        // string()
    ast_func_string_1,        // string(left)
    ast_func_concat,        // concat(left, right, siblings)
    ast_func_starts_with,     // starts_with(left, right)
    ast_func_contains,        // contains(left, right)
    ast_func_substring_before,    // substring-before(left, right)
    ast_func_substring_after,   // substring-after(left, right)
    ast_func_substring_2,     // substring(left, right)
    ast_func_substring_3,     // substring(left, right, third)
    ast_func_string_length_0,   // string-length()
    ast_func_string_length_1,   // string-length(left)
    ast_func_normalize_space_0,   // normalize-space()
    ast_func_normalize_space_1,   // normalize-space(left)
    ast_func_translate,       // translate(left, right, third)
    ast_func_boolean,       // boolean(left)
    ast_func_not,         // not(left)
    ast_func_true,          // true()
    ast_func_false,         // false()
    ast_func_lang,          // lang(left)
    ast_func_number_0,        // number()
    ast_func_number_1,        // number(left)
    ast_func_sum,         // sum(left)
    ast_func_floor,         // floor(left)
    ast_func_ceiling,       // ceiling(left)
    ast_func_round,         // round(left)
    ast_step,           // process set left with step
    ast_step_root,          // select root node

    ast_opt_translate_table,    // translate(left, right, third) where right/third are constants
    ast_opt_compare_attribute   // @name = 'string'
  };

  enum axis_t
  {
    axis_ancestor,
    axis_ancestor_or_self,
    axis_attribute,
    axis_child,
    axis_descendant,
    axis_descendant_or_self,
    axis_following,
    axis_following_sibling,
    axis_namespace,
    axis_parent,
    axis_preceding,
    axis_preceding_sibling,
    axis_self
  };

  enum nodetest_t
  {
    nodetest_none,
    nodetest_name,
    nodetest_type_node,
    nodetest_type_comment,
    nodetest_type_pi,
    nodetest_type_text,
    nodetest_pi,
    nodetest_all,
    nodetest_all_in_namespace
  };

  enum predicate_t
  {
    predicate_default,
    predicate_posinv,
    predicate_constant,
    predicate_constant_one
  };

  enum nodeset_eval_t
  {
    nodeset_eval_all,
    nodeset_eval_any,
    nodeset_eval_first
  };

  template <axis_t N> struct axis_to_type
  {
    static const axis_t axis;
  };

  template <axis_t N> const axis_t axis_to_type<N>::axis = N;

  class xpath_ast_node
  {
  private:
    // node type
    char _type;
    char _rettype;

    // for ast_step
    char _axis;

    // for ast_step/ast_predicate/ast_filter
    char _test;

    // tree node structure
    xpath_ast_node* _left;
    xpath_ast_node* _right;
    xpath_ast_node* _next;

    union
    {
      // value for ast_string_constant
      const char_t* string;
      // value for ast_number_constant
      double number;
      // variable for ast_variable
      xpath_variable* variable;
      // node test for ast_step (node name/namespace/node type/pi target)
      const char_t* nodetest;
      // table for ast_opt_translate_table
      const unsigned char* table;
    } _data;

    xpath_ast_node(const xpath_ast_node&);
    xpath_ast_node& operator=(const xpath_ast_node&);

    template <class Comp> static bool compare_eq(xpath_ast_node* lhs, xpath_ast_node* rhs, const xpath_context& c, const xpath_stack& stack, const Comp& comp)
    {
      xpath_value_type lt = lhs->rettype(), rt = rhs->rettype();

      if (lt != xpath_type_node_set && rt != xpath_type_node_set)
      {
        if (lt == xpath_type_boolean || rt == xpath_type_boolean)
          return comp(lhs->eval_boolean(c, stack), rhs->eval_boolean(c, stack));
        else if (lt == xpath_type_number || rt == xpath_type_number)
          return comp(lhs->eval_number(c, stack), rhs->eval_number(c, stack));
        else if (lt == xpath_type_string || rt == xpath_type_string)
        {
          xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

          xpath_string ls = lhs->eval_string(c, stack);
          xpath_string rs = rhs->eval_string(c, stack);

          return comp(ls, rs);
        }
      }
      else if (lt == xpath_type_node_set && rt == xpath_type_node_set)
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        xpath_node_set_raw ls = lhs->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_all);
        xpath_node_set_raw rs = rhs->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_all);

        for (const xpath_node* li = ls.begin(); li != ls.end(); ++li)
          for (const xpath_node* ri = rs.begin(); ri != rs.end(); ++ri)
          {
            xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

            if (comp(string_value(*li, stack.result), string_value(*ri, stack.result)))
              return true;
          }

        return false;
      }
      else
      {
        if (lt == xpath_type_node_set)
        {
          swap(lhs, rhs);
          swap(lt, rt);
        }

        if (lt == xpath_type_boolean)
          return comp(lhs->eval_boolean(c, stack), rhs->eval_boolean(c, stack));
        else if (lt == xpath_type_number)
        {
          xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

          double l = lhs->eval_number(c, stack);
          xpath_node_set_raw rs = rhs->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_all);

          for (const xpath_node* ri = rs.begin(); ri != rs.end(); ++ri)
          {
            xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

            if (comp(l, convert_string_to_number(string_value(*ri, stack.result).c_str())))
              return true;
          }

          return false;
        }
        else if (lt == xpath_type_string)
        {
          xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

          xpath_string l = lhs->eval_string(c, stack);
          xpath_node_set_raw rs = rhs->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_all);

          for (const xpath_node* ri = rs.begin(); ri != rs.end(); ++ri)
          {
            xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

            if (comp(l, string_value(*ri, stack.result)))
              return true;
          }

          return false;
        }
      }

      assert(false && "Wrong types"); // unreachable
      return false;
    }

    static bool eval_once(xpath_node_set::type_t type, nodeset_eval_t eval)
    {
      return type == xpath_node_set::type_sorted ? eval != nodeset_eval_all : eval == nodeset_eval_any;
    }

    template <class Comp> static bool compare_rel(xpath_ast_node* lhs, xpath_ast_node* rhs, const xpath_context& c, const xpath_stack& stack, const Comp& comp)
    {
      xpath_value_type lt = lhs->rettype(), rt = rhs->rettype();

      if (lt != xpath_type_node_set && rt != xpath_type_node_set)
        return comp(lhs->eval_number(c, stack), rhs->eval_number(c, stack));
      else if (lt == xpath_type_node_set && rt == xpath_type_node_set)
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        xpath_node_set_raw ls = lhs->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_all);
        xpath_node_set_raw rs = rhs->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_all);

        for (const xpath_node* li = ls.begin(); li != ls.end(); ++li)
        {
          xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

          double l = convert_string_to_number(string_value(*li, stack.result).c_str());

          for (const xpath_node* ri = rs.begin(); ri != rs.end(); ++ri)
          {
            xpath_allocator_capture crii(stack.result);

            if (comp(l, convert_string_to_number(string_value(*ri, stack.result).c_str())))
              return true;
          }
        }

        return false;
      }
      else if (lt != xpath_type_node_set && rt == xpath_type_node_set)
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        double l = lhs->eval_number(c, stack);
        xpath_node_set_raw rs = rhs->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_all);

        for (const xpath_node* ri = rs.begin(); ri != rs.end(); ++ri)
        {
          xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

          if (comp(l, convert_string_to_number(string_value(*ri, stack.result).c_str())))
            return true;
        }

        return false;
      }
      else if (lt == xpath_type_node_set && rt != xpath_type_node_set)
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        xpath_node_set_raw ls = lhs->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_all);
        double r = rhs->eval_number(c, stack);

        for (const xpath_node* li = ls.begin(); li != ls.end(); ++li)
        {
          xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

          if (comp(convert_string_to_number(string_value(*li, stack.result).c_str()), r))
            return true;
        }

        return false;
      }
      else
      {
        assert(false && "Wrong types"); // unreachable
        return false;
      }
    }

    static void apply_predicate_boolean(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, size_t first, xpath_ast_node* expr, const xpath_stack& stack, bool once)
    {
      assert(ns.size() >= first);
      assert(expr->rettype() != xpath_type_number);

      size_t i = 1;
      size_t size = ns.size() - first;

      xpath_node* last = ns.begin() + first;

      // remove_if... or well, sort of
      for (xpath_node* it = last; it != ns.end(); ++it, ++i)
      {
        xpath_context c(*it, i, size);

        if (expr->eval_boolean(c, stack))
        {
          *last++ = *it;

          if (once) break;
        }
      }

      ns.truncate(last);
    }

    static void apply_predicate_number(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, size_t first, xpath_ast_node* expr, const xpath_stack& stack, bool once)
    {
      assert(ns.size() >= first);
      assert(expr->rettype() == xpath_type_number);

      size_t i = 1;
      size_t size = ns.size() - first;

      xpath_node* last = ns.begin() + first;

      // remove_if... or well, sort of
      for (xpath_node* it = last; it != ns.end(); ++it, ++i)
      {
        xpath_context c(*it, i, size);

        if (expr->eval_number(c, stack) == static_cast<double>(i))
        {
          *last++ = *it;

          if (once) break;
        }
      }

      ns.truncate(last);
    }

    static void apply_predicate_number_const(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, size_t first, xpath_ast_node* expr, const xpath_stack& stack)
    {
      assert(ns.size() >= first);
      assert(expr->rettype() == xpath_type_number);

      size_t size = ns.size() - first;

      xpath_node* last = ns.begin() + first;

      xpath_node cn;
      xpath_context c(cn, 1, size);

      double er = expr->eval_number(c, stack);

      if (er >= 1.0 && er <= static_cast<double>(size))
      {
        size_t eri = static_cast<size_t>(er);

        if (er == static_cast<double>(eri))
        {
          xpath_node r = last[eri - 1];

          *last++ = r;
        }
      }

      ns.truncate(last);
    }

    void apply_predicate(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, size_t first, const xpath_stack& stack, bool once)
    {
      if (ns.size() == first) return;

      assert(_type == ast_filter || _type == ast_predicate);

      if (_test == predicate_constant || _test == predicate_constant_one)
        apply_predicate_number_const(ns, first, _right, stack);
      else if (_right->rettype() == xpath_type_number)
        apply_predicate_number(ns, first, _right, stack, once);
      else
        apply_predicate_boolean(ns, first, _right, stack, once);
    }

    void apply_predicates(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, size_t first, const xpath_stack& stack, nodeset_eval_t eval)
    {
      if (ns.size() == first) return;

      bool last_once = eval_once(ns.type(), eval);

      for (xpath_ast_node* pred = _right; pred; pred = pred->_next)
        pred->apply_predicate(ns, first, stack, !pred->_next && last_once);
    }

    bool step_push(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, xml_attribute_struct* a, xml_node_struct* parent, xpath_allocator* alloc)
    {
      assert(a);

      const char_t* name = a->name ? a->name + 0 : PUGIXML_TEXT("");

      switch (_test)
      {
      case nodetest_name:
        if (strequal(name, _data.nodetest) && is_xpath_attribute(name))
        {
          ns.push_back(xpath_node(xml_attribute(a), xml_node(parent)), alloc);
          return true;
        }
        break;

      case nodetest_type_node:
      case nodetest_all:
        if (is_xpath_attribute(name))
        {
          ns.push_back(xpath_node(xml_attribute(a), xml_node(parent)), alloc);
          return true;
        }
        break;

      case nodetest_all_in_namespace:
        if (starts_with(name, _data.nodetest) && is_xpath_attribute(name))
        {
          ns.push_back(xpath_node(xml_attribute(a), xml_node(parent)), alloc);
          return true;
        }
        break;

      default:
        ;
      }

      return false;
    }

    bool step_push(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, xml_node_struct* n, xpath_allocator* alloc)
    {
      assert(n);

      xml_node_type type = PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE(n);

      switch (_test)
      {
      case nodetest_name:
        if (type == node_element && n->name && strequal(n->name, _data.nodetest))
        {
          ns.push_back(xml_node(n), alloc);
          return true;
        }
        break;

      case nodetest_type_node:
        ns.push_back(xml_node(n), alloc);
        return true;

      case nodetest_type_comment:
        if (type == node_comment)
        {
          ns.push_back(xml_node(n), alloc);
          return true;
        }
        break;

      case nodetest_type_text:
        if (type == node_pcdata || type == node_cdata)
        {
          ns.push_back(xml_node(n), alloc);
          return true;
        }
        break;

      case nodetest_type_pi:
        if (type == node_pi)
        {
          ns.push_back(xml_node(n), alloc);
          return true;
        }
        break;

      case nodetest_pi:
        if (type == node_pi && n->name && strequal(n->name, _data.nodetest))
        {
          ns.push_back(xml_node(n), alloc);
          return true;
        }
        break;

      case nodetest_all:
        if (type == node_element)
        {
          ns.push_back(xml_node(n), alloc);
          return true;
        }
        break;

      case nodetest_all_in_namespace:
        if (type == node_element && n->name && starts_with(n->name, _data.nodetest))
        {
          ns.push_back(xml_node(n), alloc);
          return true;
        }
        break;

      default:
        assert(false && "Unknown axis"); // unreachable
      }

      return false;
    }

    template <class T> void step_fill(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, xml_node_struct* n, xpath_allocator* alloc, bool once, T)
    {
      const axis_t axis = T::axis;

      switch (axis)
      {
      case axis_attribute:
      {
        for (xml_attribute_struct* a = n->first_attribute; a; a = a->next_attribute)
          if (step_push(ns, a, n, alloc) & once)
            return;

        break;
      }

      case axis_child:
      {
        for (xml_node_struct* c = n->first_child; c; c = c->next_sibling)
          if (step_push(ns, c, alloc) & once)
            return;

        break;
      }

      case axis_descendant:
      case axis_descendant_or_self:
      {
        if (axis == axis_descendant_or_self)
          if (step_push(ns, n, alloc) & once)
            return;

        xml_node_struct* cur = n->first_child;

        while (cur)
        {
          if (step_push(ns, cur, alloc) & once)
            return;

          if (cur->first_child)
            cur = cur->first_child;
          else
          {
            while (!cur->next_sibling)
            {
              cur = cur->parent;

              if (cur == n) return;
            }

            cur = cur->next_sibling;
          }
        }

        break;
      }

      case axis_following_sibling:
      {
        for (xml_node_struct* c = n->next_sibling; c; c = c->next_sibling)
          if (step_push(ns, c, alloc) & once)
            return;

        break;
      }

      case axis_preceding_sibling:
      {
        for (xml_node_struct* c = n->prev_sibling_c; c->next_sibling; c = c->prev_sibling_c)
          if (step_push(ns, c, alloc) & once)
            return;

        break;
      }

      case axis_following:
      {
        xml_node_struct* cur = n;

        // exit from this node so that we don't include descendants
        while (!cur->next_sibling)
        {
          cur = cur->parent;

          if (!cur) return;
        }

        cur = cur->next_sibling;

        while (cur)
        {
          if (step_push(ns, cur, alloc) & once)
            return;

          if (cur->first_child)
            cur = cur->first_child;
          else
          {
            while (!cur->next_sibling)
            {
              cur = cur->parent;

              if (!cur) return;
            }

            cur = cur->next_sibling;
          }
        }

        break;
      }

      case axis_preceding:
      {
        xml_node_struct* cur = n;

        // exit from this node so that we don't include descendants
        while (!cur->prev_sibling_c->next_sibling)
        {
          cur = cur->parent;

          if (!cur) return;
        }

        cur = cur->prev_sibling_c;

        while (cur)
        {
          if (cur->first_child)
            cur = cur->first_child->prev_sibling_c;
          else
          {
            // leaf node, can't be ancestor
            if (step_push(ns, cur, alloc) & once)
              return;

            while (!cur->prev_sibling_c->next_sibling)
            {
              cur = cur->parent;

              if (!cur) return;

              if (!node_is_ancestor(cur, n))
                if (step_push(ns, cur, alloc) & once)
                  return;
            }

            cur = cur->prev_sibling_c;
          }
        }

        break;
      }

      case axis_ancestor:
      case axis_ancestor_or_self:
      {
        if (axis == axis_ancestor_or_self)
          if (step_push(ns, n, alloc) & once)
            return;

        xml_node_struct* cur = n->parent;

        while (cur)
        {
          if (step_push(ns, cur, alloc) & once)
            return;

          cur = cur->parent;
        }

        break;
      }

      case axis_self:
      {
        step_push(ns, n, alloc);

        break;
      }

      case axis_parent:
      {
        if (n->parent)
          step_push(ns, n->parent, alloc);

        break;
      }

      default:
        assert(false && "Unimplemented axis"); // unreachable
      }
    }

    template <class T> void step_fill(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, xml_attribute_struct* a, xml_node_struct* p, xpath_allocator* alloc, bool once, T v)
    {
      const axis_t axis = T::axis;

      switch (axis)
      {
      case axis_ancestor:
      case axis_ancestor_or_self:
      {
        if (axis == axis_ancestor_or_self && _test == nodetest_type_node) // reject attributes based on principal node type test
          if (step_push(ns, a, p, alloc) & once)
            return;

        xml_node_struct* cur = p;

        while (cur)
        {
          if (step_push(ns, cur, alloc) & once)
            return;

          cur = cur->parent;
        }

        break;
      }

      case axis_descendant_or_self:
      case axis_self:
      {
        if (_test == nodetest_type_node) // reject attributes based on principal node type test
          step_push(ns, a, p, alloc);

        break;
      }

      case axis_following:
      {
        xml_node_struct* cur = p;

        while (cur)
        {
          if (cur->first_child)
            cur = cur->first_child;
          else
          {
            while (!cur->next_sibling)
            {
              cur = cur->parent;

              if (!cur) return;
            }

            cur = cur->next_sibling;
          }

          if (step_push(ns, cur, alloc) & once)
            return;
        }

        break;
      }

      case axis_parent:
      {
        step_push(ns, p, alloc);

        break;
      }

      case axis_preceding:
      {
        // preceding:: axis does not include attribute nodes and attribute ancestors (they are the same as parent's ancestors), so we can reuse node preceding
        step_fill(ns, p, alloc, once, v);
        break;
      }

      default:
        assert(false && "Unimplemented axis"); // unreachable
      }
    }

    template <class T> void step_fill(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, const xpath_node& xn, xpath_allocator* alloc, bool once, T v)
    {
      const axis_t axis = T::axis;
      const bool axis_has_attributes = (axis == axis_ancestor || axis == axis_ancestor_or_self || axis == axis_descendant_or_self || axis == axis_following || axis == axis_parent || axis == axis_preceding || axis == axis_self);

      if (xn.node())
        step_fill(ns, xn.node().internal_object(), alloc, once, v);
      else if (axis_has_attributes && xn.attribute() && xn.parent())
        step_fill(ns, xn.attribute().internal_object(), xn.parent().internal_object(), alloc, once, v);
    }

    template <class T> xpath_node_set_raw step_do(const xpath_context& c, const xpath_stack& stack, nodeset_eval_t eval, T v)
    {
      const axis_t axis = T::axis;
      const bool axis_reverse = (axis == axis_ancestor || axis == axis_ancestor_or_self || axis == axis_preceding || axis == axis_preceding_sibling);
      const xpath_node_set::type_t axis_type = axis_reverse ? xpath_node_set::type_sorted_reverse : xpath_node_set::type_sorted;

      bool once =
        (axis == axis_attribute && _test == nodetest_name) ||
        (!_right && eval_once(axis_type, eval)) ||
          // coverity[mixed_enums]
        (_right && !_right->_next && _right->_test == predicate_constant_one);

      xpath_node_set_raw ns;
      ns.set_type(axis_type);

      if (_left)
      {
        xpath_node_set_raw s = _left->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_all);

        // self axis preserves the original order
        if (axis == axis_self) ns.set_type(s.type());

        for (const xpath_node* it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); ++it)
        {
          size_t size = ns.size();

          // in general, all axes generate elements in a particular order, but there is no order guarantee if axis is applied to two nodes
          if (axis != axis_self && size != 0) ns.set_type(xpath_node_set::type_unsorted);

          step_fill(ns, *it, stack.result, once, v);
          if (_right) apply_predicates(ns, size, stack, eval);
        }
      }
      else
      {
        step_fill(ns, c.n, stack.result, once, v);
        if (_right) apply_predicates(ns, 0, stack, eval);
      }

      // child, attribute and self axes always generate unique set of nodes
      // for other axis, if the set stayed sorted, it stayed unique because the traversal algorithms do not visit the same node twice
      if (axis != axis_child && axis != axis_attribute && axis != axis_self && ns.type() == xpath_node_set::type_unsorted)
        ns.remove_duplicates(stack.temp);

      return ns;
    }

  public:
    xpath_ast_node(ast_type_t type, xpath_value_type rettype_, const char_t* value):
      _type(static_cast<char>(type)), _rettype(static_cast<char>(rettype_)), _axis(0), _test(0), _left(NULL), _right(NULL), _next(NULL)
    {
      assert(type == ast_string_constant);
      _data.string = value;
    }

    xpath_ast_node(ast_type_t type, xpath_value_type rettype_, double value):
      _type(static_cast<char>(type)), _rettype(static_cast<char>(rettype_)), _axis(0), _test(0), _left(NULL), _right(NULL), _next(NULL)
    {
      assert(type == ast_number_constant);
      _data.number = value;
    }

    xpath_ast_node(ast_type_t type, xpath_value_type rettype_, xpath_variable* value):
      _type(static_cast<char>(type)), _rettype(static_cast<char>(rettype_)), _axis(0), _test(0), _left(NULL), _right(NULL), _next(NULL)
    {
      assert(type == ast_variable);
      _data.variable = value;
    }

    xpath_ast_node(ast_type_t type, xpath_value_type rettype_, xpath_ast_node* left = NULL, xpath_ast_node* right = NULL):
      _type(static_cast<char>(type)), _rettype(static_cast<char>(rettype_)), _axis(0), _test(0), _left(left), _right(right), _next(NULL)
    {
    }

    xpath_ast_node(ast_type_t type, xpath_ast_node* left, axis_t axis, nodetest_t test, const char_t* contents):
      _type(static_cast<char>(type)), _rettype(xpath_type_node_set), _axis(static_cast<char>(axis)), _test(static_cast<char>(test)), _left(left), _right(NULL), _next(NULL)
    {
      assert(type == ast_step);
      _data.nodetest = contents;
    }

    xpath_ast_node(ast_type_t type, xpath_ast_node* left, xpath_ast_node* right, predicate_t test):
      _type(static_cast<char>(type)), _rettype(xpath_type_node_set), _axis(0), _test(static_cast<char>(test)), _left(left), _right(right), _next(NULL)
    {
      assert(type == ast_filter || type == ast_predicate);
    }

    void set_next(xpath_ast_node* value)
    {
      _next = value;
    }

    void set_right(xpath_ast_node* value)
    {
      _right = value;
    }

    bool eval_boolean(const xpath_context& c, const xpath_stack& stack)
    {
      switch (_type)
      {
      case ast_op_or:
        return _left->eval_boolean(c, stack) || _right->eval_boolean(c, stack);

      case ast_op_and:
        return _left->eval_boolean(c, stack) && _right->eval_boolean(c, stack);

      case ast_op_equal:
        return compare_eq(_left, _right, c, stack, equal_to());

      case ast_op_not_equal:
        return compare_eq(_left, _right, c, stack, not_equal_to());

      case ast_op_less:
        return compare_rel(_left, _right, c, stack, less());

      case ast_op_greater:
        return compare_rel(_right, _left, c, stack, less());

      case ast_op_less_or_equal:
        return compare_rel(_left, _right, c, stack, less_equal());

      case ast_op_greater_or_equal:
        return compare_rel(_right, _left, c, stack, less_equal());

      case ast_func_starts_with:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        xpath_string lr = _left->eval_string(c, stack);
        xpath_string rr = _right->eval_string(c, stack);

        return starts_with(lr.c_str(), rr.c_str());
      }

      case ast_func_contains:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        xpath_string lr = _left->eval_string(c, stack);
        xpath_string rr = _right->eval_string(c, stack);

        return find_substring(lr.c_str(), rr.c_str()) != NULL;
      }

      case ast_func_boolean:
        return _left->eval_boolean(c, stack);

      case ast_func_not:
        return !_left->eval_boolean(c, stack);

      case ast_func_true:
        return true;

      case ast_func_false:
        return false;

      case ast_func_lang:
      {
        if (c.n.attribute()) return false;

        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        xpath_string lang = _left->eval_string(c, stack);

        for (xml_node n = c.n.node(); n; n = n.parent())
        {
          xml_attribute a = n.attribute(PUGIXML_TEXT("xml:lang"));

          if (a)
          {
            const char_t* value = a.value();

            // strnicmp / strncasecmp is not portable
            for (const char_t* lit = lang.c_str(); *lit; ++lit)
            {
              if (tolower_ascii(*lit) != tolower_ascii(*value)) return false;
              ++value;
            }

            return *value == 0 || *value == '-';
          }
        }

        return false;
      }

      case ast_opt_compare_attribute:
      {
        const char_t* value = (_right->_type == ast_string_constant) ? _right->_data.string : _right->_data.variable->get_string();

        xml_attribute attr = c.n.node().attribute(_left->_data.nodetest);

        return attr && strequal(attr.value(), value) && is_xpath_attribute(attr.name());
      }

      case ast_variable:
      {
        assert(_rettype == _data.variable->type());

        if (_rettype == xpath_type_boolean)
          return _data.variable->get_boolean();

        // variable needs to be converted to the correct type, this is handled by the fallthrough block below
        break;
      }

      default:
        ;
      }

      // none of the ast types that return the value directly matched, we need to perform type conversion
      switch (_rettype)
      {
      case xpath_type_number:
        return convert_number_to_boolean(eval_number(c, stack));

      case xpath_type_string:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        return !eval_string(c, stack).empty();
      }

      case xpath_type_node_set:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        return !eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_any).empty();
      }

      default:
        assert(false && "Wrong expression for return type boolean"); // unreachable
        return false;
      }
    }

    double eval_number(const xpath_context& c, const xpath_stack& stack)
    {
      switch (_type)
      {
      case ast_op_add:
        return _left->eval_number(c, stack) + _right->eval_number(c, stack);

      case ast_op_subtract:
        return _left->eval_number(c, stack) - _right->eval_number(c, stack);

      case ast_op_multiply:
        return _left->eval_number(c, stack) * _right->eval_number(c, stack);

      case ast_op_divide:
        return _left->eval_number(c, stack) / _right->eval_number(c, stack);

      case ast_op_mod:
        return fmod(_left->eval_number(c, stack), _right->eval_number(c, stack));

      case ast_op_negate:
        return -_left->eval_number(c, stack);

      case ast_number_constant:
        return _data.number;

      case ast_func_last:
        return static_cast<double>(c.size);

      case ast_func_position:
        return static_cast<double>(c.position);

      case ast_func_count:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        return static_cast<double>(_left->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_all).size());
      }

      case ast_func_string_length_0:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        return static_cast<double>(string_value(c.n, stack.result).length());
      }

      case ast_func_string_length_1:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        return static_cast<double>(_left->eval_string(c, stack).length());
      }

      case ast_func_number_0:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        return convert_string_to_number(string_value(c.n, stack.result).c_str());
      }

      case ast_func_number_1:
        return _left->eval_number(c, stack);

      case ast_func_sum:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        double r = 0;

        xpath_node_set_raw ns = _left->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_all);

        for (const xpath_node* it = ns.begin(); it != ns.end(); ++it)
        {
          xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

          r += convert_string_to_number(string_value(*it, stack.result).c_str());
        }

        return r;
      }

      case ast_func_floor:
      {
        double r = _left->eval_number(c, stack);

        return r == r ? floor(r) : r;
      }

      case ast_func_ceiling:
      {
        double r = _left->eval_number(c, stack);

        return r == r ? ceil(r) : r;
      }

      case ast_func_round:
        return round_nearest_nzero(_left->eval_number(c, stack));

      case ast_variable:
      {
        assert(_rettype == _data.variable->type());

        if (_rettype == xpath_type_number)
          return _data.variable->get_number();

        // variable needs to be converted to the correct type, this is handled by the fallthrough block below
        break;
      }

      default:
        ;
      }

      // none of the ast types that return the value directly matched, we need to perform type conversion
      switch (_rettype)
      {
      case xpath_type_boolean:
        return eval_boolean(c, stack) ? 1 : 0;

      case xpath_type_string:
      case xpath_type_node_set: // implicit conversion to string
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        return convert_string_to_number(eval_string(c, stack).c_str());
      }

      default:
        assert(false && "Wrong expression for return type number"); // unreachable
        return 0;
      }
    }

    xpath_string eval_string_concat(const xpath_context& c, const xpath_stack& stack)
    {
      assert(_type == ast_func_concat);

      xpath_allocator_capture ct(stack.temp);

      // count the string number
      size_t count = 1;
      for (xpath_ast_node* nc = _right; nc; nc = nc->_next) count++;

      // allocate a buffer for temporary string objects
      xpath_string* buffer = static_cast<xpath_string*>(stack.temp->allocate(count * sizeof(xpath_string)));
      if (!buffer) return xpath_string();

      // evaluate all strings to temporary stack
      xpath_stack swapped_stack = {stack.temp, stack.result};

      buffer[0] = _left->eval_string(c, swapped_stack);

      size_t pos = 1;
      for (xpath_ast_node* n = _right; n; n = n->_next, ++pos) buffer[pos] = n->eval_string(c, swapped_stack);
      assert(pos == count);

      // get total length
      size_t length = 0;
      for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) length += buffer[i].length();

      // create final string
      char_t* result = static_cast<char_t*>(stack.result->allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
      if (!result) return xpath_string();

      char_t* ri = result;

      for (size_t j = 0; j < count; ++j)
        for (const char_t* bi = buffer[j].c_str(); *bi; ++bi)
          *ri++ = *bi;

      *ri = 0;

      return xpath_string::from_heap_preallocated(result, ri);
    }

    xpath_string eval_string(const xpath_context& c, const xpath_stack& stack)
    {
      switch (_type)
      {
      case ast_string_constant:
        return xpath_string::from_const(_data.string);

      case ast_func_local_name_0:
      {
        xpath_node na = c.n;

        return xpath_string::from_const(local_name(na));
      }

      case ast_func_local_name_1:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        xpath_node_set_raw ns = _left->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_first);
        xpath_node na = ns.first();

        return xpath_string::from_const(local_name(na));
      }

      case ast_func_name_0:
      {
        xpath_node na = c.n;

        return xpath_string::from_const(qualified_name(na));
      }

      case ast_func_name_1:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        xpath_node_set_raw ns = _left->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_first);
        xpath_node na = ns.first();

        return xpath_string::from_const(qualified_name(na));
      }

      case ast_func_namespace_uri_0:
      {
        xpath_node na = c.n;

        return xpath_string::from_const(namespace_uri(na));
      }

      case ast_func_namespace_uri_1:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        xpath_node_set_raw ns = _left->eval_node_set(c, stack, nodeset_eval_first);
        xpath_node na = ns.first();

        return xpath_string::from_const(namespace_uri(na));
      }

      case ast_func_string_0:
        return string_value(c.n, stack.result);

      case ast_func_string_1:
        return _left->eval_string(c, stack);

      case ast_func_concat:
        return eval_string_concat(c, stack);

      case ast_func_substring_before:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.temp);

        xpath_stack swapped_stack = {stack.temp, stack.result};

        xpath_string s = _left->eval_string(c, swapped_stack);
        xpath_string p = _right->eval_string(c, swapped_stack);

        const char_t* pos = find_substring(s.c_str(), p.c_str());

        return pos ? xpath_string::from_heap(s.c_str(), pos, stack.result) : xpath_string();
      }

      case ast_func_substring_after:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.temp);

        xpath_stack swapped_stack = {stack.temp, stack.result};

        xpath_string s = _left->eval_string(c, swapped_stack);
        xpath_string p = _right->eval_string(c, swapped_stack);

        const char_t* pos = find_substring(s.c_str(), p.c_str());
        if (!pos) return xpath_string();

        const char_t* rbegin = pos + p.length();
        const char_t* rend = s.c_str() + s.length();

        return s.uses_heap() ? xpath_string::from_heap(rbegin, rend, stack.result) : xpath_string::from_const(rbegin);
      }

      case ast_func_substring_2:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.temp);

        xpath_stack swapped_stack = {stack.temp, stack.result};

        xpath_string s = _left->eval_string(c, swapped_stack);
        size_t s_length = s.length();

        double first = round_nearest(_right->eval_number(c, stack));

        if (is_nan(first)) return xpath_string(); // NaN
        else if (first >= static_cast<double>(s_length + 1)) return xpath_string();

        size_t pos = first < 1 ? 1 : static_cast<size_t>(first);
        assert(1 <= pos && pos <= s_length + 1);

        const char_t* rbegin = s.c_str() + (pos - 1);
        const char_t* rend = s.c_str() + s.length();

        return s.uses_heap() ? xpath_string::from_heap(rbegin, rend, stack.result) : xpath_string::from_const(rbegin);
      }

      case ast_func_substring_3:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.temp);

        xpath_stack swapped_stack = {stack.temp, stack.result};

        xpath_string s = _left->eval_string(c, swapped_stack);
        size_t s_length = s.length();

        double first = round_nearest(_right->eval_number(c, stack));
        double last = first + round_nearest(_right->_next->eval_number(c, stack));

        if (is_nan(first) || is_nan(last)) return xpath_string();
        else if (first >= static_cast<double>(s_length + 1)) return xpath_string();
        else if (first >= last) return xpath_string();
        else if (last < 1) return xpath_string();

        size_t pos = first < 1 ? 1 : static_cast<size_t>(first);
        size_t end = last >= static_cast<double>(s_length + 1) ? s_length + 1 : static_cast<size_t>(last);

        assert(1 <= pos && pos <= end && end <= s_length + 1);
        const char_t* rbegin = s.c_str() + (pos - 1);
        const char_t* rend = s.c_str() + (end - 1);

        return (end == s_length + 1 && !s.uses_heap()) ? xpath_string::from_const(rbegin) : xpath_string::from_heap(rbegin, rend, stack.result);
      }

      case ast_func_normalize_space_0:
      {
        xpath_string s = string_value(c.n, stack.result);

        char_t* begin = s.data(stack.result);
        if (!begin) return xpath_string();

        char_t* end = normalize_space(begin);

        return xpath_string::from_heap_preallocated(begin, end);
      }

      case ast_func_normalize_space_1:
      {
        xpath_string s = _left->eval_string(c, stack);

        char_t* begin = s.data(stack.result);
        if (!begin) return xpath_string();

        char_t* end = normalize_space(begin);

        return xpath_string::from_heap_preallocated(begin, end);
      }

      case ast_func_translate:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.temp);

        xpath_stack swapped_stack = {stack.temp, stack.result};

        xpath_string s = _left->eval_string(c, stack);
        xpath_string from = _right->eval_string(c, swapped_stack);
        xpath_string to = _right->_next->eval_string(c, swapped_stack);

        char_t* begin = s.data(stack.result);
        if (!begin) return xpath_string();

        char_t* end = translate(begin, from.c_str(), to.c_str(), to.length());

        return xpath_string::from_heap_preallocated(begin, end);
      }

      case ast_opt_translate_table:
      {
        xpath_string s = _left->eval_string(c, stack);

        char_t* begin = s.data(stack.result);
        if (!begin) return xpath_string();

        char_t* end = translate_table(begin, _data.table);

        return xpath_string::from_heap_preallocated(begin, end);
      }

      case ast_variable:
      {
        assert(_rettype == _data.variable->type());

        if (_rettype == xpath_type_string)
          return xpath_string::from_const(_data.variable->get_string());

        // variable needs to be converted to the correct type, this is handled by the fallthrough block below
        break;
      }

      default:
        ;
      }

      // none of the ast types that return the value directly matched, we need to perform type conversion
      switch (_rettype)
      {
      case xpath_type_boolean:
        return xpath_string::from_const(eval_boolean(c, stack) ? PUGIXML_TEXT("true") : PUGIXML_TEXT("false"));

      case xpath_type_number:
        return convert_number_to_string(eval_number(c, stack), stack.result);

      case xpath_type_node_set:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.temp);

        xpath_stack swapped_stack = {stack.temp, stack.result};

        xpath_node_set_raw ns = eval_node_set(c, swapped_stack, nodeset_eval_first);
        return ns.empty() ? xpath_string() : string_value(ns.first(), stack.result);
      }

      default:
        assert(false && "Wrong expression for return type string"); // unreachable
        return xpath_string();
      }
    }

    xpath_node_set_raw eval_node_set(const xpath_context& c, const xpath_stack& stack, nodeset_eval_t eval)
    {
      switch (_type)
      {
      case ast_op_union:
      {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.temp);

        xpath_stack swapped_stack = {stack.temp, stack.result};

        xpath_node_set_raw ls = _left->eval_node_set(c, stack, eval);
        xpath_node_set_raw rs = _right->eval_node_set(c, swapped_stack, eval);

        // we can optimize merging two sorted sets, but this is a very rare operation, so don't bother
        ls.set_type(xpath_node_set::type_unsorted);

        ls.append(rs.begin(), rs.end(), stack.result);
        ls.remove_duplicates(stack.temp);

        return ls;
      }

      case ast_filter:
      {
        xpath_node_set_raw set = _left->eval_node_set(c, stack, _test == predicate_constant_one ? nodeset_eval_first : nodeset_eval_all);

        // either expression is a number or it contains position() call; sort by document order
        if (_test != predicate_posinv) set.sort_do();

        bool once = eval_once(set.type(), eval);

        apply_predicate(set, 0, stack, once);

        return set;
      }

      case ast_func_id:
        return xpath_node_set_raw();

      case ast_step:
      {
        switch (_axis)
        {
        case axis_ancestor:
          return step_do(c, stack, eval, axis_to_type<axis_ancestor>());

        case axis_ancestor_or_self:
          return step_do(c, stack, eval, axis_to_type<axis_ancestor_or_self>());

        case axis_attribute:
          return step_do(c, stack, eval, axis_to_type<axis_attribute>());

        case axis_child:
          return step_do(c, stack, eval, axis_to_type<axis_child>());

        case axis_descendant:
          return step_do(c, stack, eval, axis_to_type<axis_descendant>());

        case axis_descendant_or_self:
          return step_do(c, stack, eval, axis_to_type<axis_descendant_or_self>());

        case axis_following:
          return step_do(c, stack, eval, axis_to_type<axis_following>());

        case axis_following_sibling:
          return step_do(c, stack, eval, axis_to_type<axis_following_sibling>());

        case axis_namespace:
          // namespaced axis is not supported
          return xpath_node_set_raw();

        case axis_parent:
          return step_do(c, stack, eval, axis_to_type<axis_parent>());

        case axis_preceding:
          return step_do(c, stack, eval, axis_to_type<axis_preceding>());

        case axis_preceding_sibling:
          return step_do(c, stack, eval, axis_to_type<axis_preceding_sibling>());

        case axis_self:
          return step_do(c, stack, eval, axis_to_type<axis_self>());

        default:
          assert(false && "Unknown axis"); // unreachable
          return xpath_node_set_raw();
        }
      }

      case ast_step_root:
      {
        assert(!_right); // root step can't have any predicates

        xpath_node_set_raw ns;

        ns.set_type(xpath_node_set::type_sorted);

        if (c.n.node()) ns.push_back(c.n.node().root(), stack.result);
        else if (c.n.attribute()) ns.push_back(c.n.parent().root(), stack.result);

        return ns;
      }

      case ast_variable:
      {
        assert(_rettype == _data.variable->type());

        if (_rettype == xpath_type_node_set)
        {
          const xpath_node_set& s = _data.variable->get_node_set();

          xpath_node_set_raw ns;

          ns.set_type(s.type());
          ns.append(s.begin(), s.end(), stack.result);

          return ns;
        }

        // variable needs to be converted to the correct type, this is handled by the fallthrough block below
        break;
      }

      default:
        ;
      }

      // none of the ast types that return the value directly matched, but conversions to node set are invalid
      assert(false && "Wrong expression for return type node set"); // unreachable
      return xpath_node_set_raw();
    }

    void optimize(xpath_allocator* alloc)
    {
      if (_left)
        _left->optimize(alloc);

      if (_right)
        _right->optimize(alloc);

      if (_next)
        _next->optimize(alloc);

      // coverity[var_deref_model]
      optimize_self(alloc);
    }

    void optimize_self(xpath_allocator* alloc)
    {
      // Rewrite [position()=expr] with [expr]
      // Note that this step has to go before classification to recognize [position()=1]
      if ((_type == ast_filter || _type == ast_predicate) &&
        _right && // workaround for clang static analyzer (_right is never null for ast_filter/ast_predicate)
        _right->_type == ast_op_equal && _right->_left->_type == ast_func_position && _right->_right->_rettype == xpath_type_number)
      {
        _right = _right->_right;
      }

      // Classify filter/predicate ops to perform various optimizations during evaluation
      if ((_type == ast_filter || _type == ast_predicate) && _right) // workaround for clang static analyzer (_right is never null for ast_filter/ast_predicate)
      {
        assert(_test == predicate_default);

        if (_right->_type == ast_number_constant && _right->_data.number == 1.0)
          _test = predicate_constant_one;
        else if (_right->_rettype == xpath_type_number && (_right->_type == ast_number_constant || _right->_type == ast_variable || _right->_type == ast_func_last))
          _test = predicate_constant;
        else if (_right->_rettype != xpath_type_number && _right->is_posinv_expr())
          _test = predicate_posinv;
      }

      // Rewrite descendant-or-self::node()/child::foo with descendant::foo
      // The former is a full form of //foo, the latter is much faster since it executes the node test immediately
      // Do a similar kind of rewrite for self/descendant/descendant-or-self axes
      // Note that we only rewrite positionally invariant steps (//foo[1] != /descendant::foo[1])
      if (_type == ast_step && (_axis == axis_child || _axis == axis_self || _axis == axis_descendant || _axis == axis_descendant_or_self) &&
        _left && _left->_type == ast_step && _left->_axis == axis_descendant_or_self && _left->_test == nodetest_type_node && !_left->_right &&
        is_posinv_step())
      {
        if (_axis == axis_child || _axis == axis_descendant)
          _axis = axis_descendant;
        else
          _axis = axis_descendant_or_self;

        _left = _left->_left;
      }

      // Use optimized lookup table implementation for translate() with constant arguments
      if (_type == ast_func_translate &&
        _right && // workaround for clang static analyzer (_right is never null for ast_func_translate)
        _right->_type == ast_string_constant && _right->_next->_type == ast_string_constant)
      {
        unsigned char* table = translate_table_generate(alloc, _right->_data.string, _right->_next->_data.string);

        if (table)
        {
          _type = ast_opt_translate_table;
          _data.table = table;
        }
      }

      // Use optimized path for @attr = 'value' or @attr = $value
      if (_type == ast_op_equal &&
        _left && _right && // workaround for clang static analyzer and Coverity (_left and _right are never null for ast_op_equal)
                // coverity[mixed_enums]
        _left->_type == ast_step && _left->_axis == axis_attribute && _left->_test == nodetest_name && !_left->_left && !_left->_right &&
        (_right->_type == ast_string_constant || (_right->_type == ast_variable && _right->_rettype == xpath_type_string)))
      {
        _type = ast_opt_compare_attribute;
      }
    }

    bool is_posinv_expr() const
    {
      switch (_type)
      {
      case ast_func_position:
      case ast_func_last:
        return false;

      case ast_string_constant:
      case ast_number_constant:
      case ast_variable:
        return true;

      case ast_step:
      case ast_step_root:
        return true;

      case ast_predicate:
      case ast_filter:
        return true;

      default:
        if (_left && !_left->is_posinv_expr()) return false;

        for (xpath_ast_node* n = _right; n; n = n->_next)
          if (!n->is_posinv_expr()) return false;

        return true;
      }
    }

    bool is_posinv_step() const
    {
      assert(_type == ast_step);

      for (xpath_ast_node* n = _right; n; n = n->_next)
      {
        assert(n->_type == ast_predicate);

        if (n->_test != predicate_posinv)
          return false;
      }

      return true;
    }

    xpath_value_type rettype() const
    {
      return static_cast<xpath_value_type>(_rettype);
    }
  };

  static const size_t xpath_ast_depth_limit =
  #ifdef PUGIXML_XPATH_DEPTH_LIMIT
    PUGIXML_XPATH_DEPTH_LIMIT
  #else
    1024
  #endif
    ;

  struct xpath_parser
  {
    xpath_allocator* _alloc;
    xpath_lexer _lexer;

    const char_t* _query;
    xpath_variable_set* _variables;

    xpath_parse_result* _result;

    char_t _scratch[32];

    size_t _depth;

    xpath_ast_node* error(const char* message)
    {
      _result->error = message;
      _result->offset = _lexer.current_pos() - _query;

      return NULL;
    }

    xpath_ast_node* error_oom()
    {
      assert(_alloc->_error);
      *_alloc->_error = true;

      return NULL;
    }

    xpath_ast_node* error_rec()
    {
      return error("Exceeded maximum allowed query depth");
    }

    void* alloc_node()
    {
      return _alloc->allocate(sizeof(xpath_ast_node));
    }

    xpath_ast_node* alloc_node(ast_type_t type, xpath_value_type rettype, const char_t* value)
    {
      void* memory = alloc_node();
      return memory ? new (memory) xpath_ast_node(type, rettype, value) : NULL;
    }

    xpath_ast_node* alloc_node(ast_type_t type, xpath_value_type rettype, double value)
    {
      void* memory = alloc_node();
      return memory ? new (memory) xpath_ast_node(type, rettype, value) : NULL;
    }

    xpath_ast_node* alloc_node(ast_type_t type, xpath_value_type rettype, xpath_variable* value)
    {
      void* memory = alloc_node();
      return memory ? new (memory) xpath_ast_node(type, rettype, value) : NULL;
    }

    xpath_ast_node* alloc_node(ast_type_t type, xpath_value_type rettype, xpath_ast_node* left = NULL, xpath_ast_node* right = NULL)
    {
      void* memory = alloc_node();
      return memory ? new (memory) xpath_ast_node(type, rettype, left, right) : NULL;
    }

    xpath_ast_node* alloc_node(ast_type_t type, xpath_ast_node* left, axis_t axis, nodetest_t test, const char_t* contents)
    {
      void* memory = alloc_node();
      return memory ? new (memory) xpath_ast_node(type, left, axis, test, contents) : NULL;
    }

    xpath_ast_node* alloc_node(ast_type_t type, xpath_ast_node* left, xpath_ast_node* right, predicate_t test)
    {
      void* memory = alloc_node();
      return memory ? new (memory) xpath_ast_node(type, left, right, test) : NULL;
    }

    const char_t* alloc_string(const xpath_lexer_string& value)
    {
      if (!value.begin)
        return PUGIXML_TEXT("");

      size_t length = static_cast<size_t>(value.end - value.begin);

      char_t* c = static_cast<char_t*>(_alloc->allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
      if (!c) return NULL;

      memcpy(c, value.begin, length * sizeof(char_t));
      c[length] = 0;

      return c;
    }

    xpath_ast_node* parse_function(const xpath_lexer_string& name, size_t argc, xpath_ast_node* args[2])
    {
      switch (name.begin[0])
      {
      case 'b':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("boolean") && argc == 1)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_boolean, xpath_type_boolean, args[0]);

        break;

      case 'c':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("count") && argc == 1)
        {
          if (args[0]->rettype() != xpath_type_node_set) return error("Function has to be applied to node set");
          return alloc_node(ast_func_count, xpath_type_number, args[0]);
        }
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("contains") && argc == 2)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_contains, xpath_type_boolean, args[0], args[1]);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("concat") && argc >= 2)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_concat, xpath_type_string, args[0], args[1]);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("ceiling") && argc == 1)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_ceiling, xpath_type_number, args[0]);

        break;

      case 'f':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("false") && argc == 0)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_false, xpath_type_boolean);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("floor") && argc == 1)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_floor, xpath_type_number, args[0]);

        break;

      case 'i':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("id") && argc == 1)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_id, xpath_type_node_set, args[0]);

        break;

      case 'l':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("last") && argc == 0)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_last, xpath_type_number);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("lang") && argc == 1)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_lang, xpath_type_boolean, args[0]);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("local-name") && argc <= 1)
        {
          if (argc == 1 && args[0]->rettype() != xpath_type_node_set) return error("Function has to be applied to node set");
          return alloc_node(argc == 0 ? ast_func_local_name_0 : ast_func_local_name_1, xpath_type_string, args[0]);
        }

        break;

      case 'n':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("name") && argc <= 1)
        {
          if (argc == 1 && args[0]->rettype() != xpath_type_node_set) return error("Function has to be applied to node set");
          return alloc_node(argc == 0 ? ast_func_name_0 : ast_func_name_1, xpath_type_string, args[0]);
        }
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("namespace-uri") && argc <= 1)
        {
          if (argc == 1 && args[0]->rettype() != xpath_type_node_set) return error("Function has to be applied to node set");
          return alloc_node(argc == 0 ? ast_func_namespace_uri_0 : ast_func_namespace_uri_1, xpath_type_string, args[0]);
        }
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("normalize-space") && argc <= 1)
          return alloc_node(argc == 0 ? ast_func_normalize_space_0 : ast_func_normalize_space_1, xpath_type_string, args[0], args[1]);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("not") && argc == 1)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_not, xpath_type_boolean, args[0]);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("number") && argc <= 1)
          return alloc_node(argc == 0 ? ast_func_number_0 : ast_func_number_1, xpath_type_number, args[0]);

        break;

      case 'p':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("position") && argc == 0)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_position, xpath_type_number);

        break;

      case 'r':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("round") && argc == 1)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_round, xpath_type_number, args[0]);

        break;

      case 's':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("string") && argc <= 1)
          return alloc_node(argc == 0 ? ast_func_string_0 : ast_func_string_1, xpath_type_string, args[0]);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("string-length") && argc <= 1)
          return alloc_node(argc == 0 ? ast_func_string_length_0 : ast_func_string_length_1, xpath_type_number, args[0]);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("starts-with") && argc == 2)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_starts_with, xpath_type_boolean, args[0], args[1]);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("substring-before") && argc == 2)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_substring_before, xpath_type_string, args[0], args[1]);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("substring-after") && argc == 2)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_substring_after, xpath_type_string, args[0], args[1]);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("substring") && (argc == 2 || argc == 3))
          return alloc_node(argc == 2 ? ast_func_substring_2 : ast_func_substring_3, xpath_type_string, args[0], args[1]);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("sum") && argc == 1)
        {
          if (args[0]->rettype() != xpath_type_node_set) return error("Function has to be applied to node set");
          return alloc_node(ast_func_sum, xpath_type_number, args[0]);
        }

        break;

      case 't':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("translate") && argc == 3)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_translate, xpath_type_string, args[0], args[1]);
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("true") && argc == 0)
          return alloc_node(ast_func_true, xpath_type_boolean);

        break;

      default:
        break;
      }

      return error("Unrecognized function or wrong parameter count");
    }

    axis_t parse_axis_name(const xpath_lexer_string& name, bool& specified)
    {
      specified = true;

      switch (name.begin[0])
      {
      case 'a':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("ancestor"))
          return axis_ancestor;
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("ancestor-or-self"))
          return axis_ancestor_or_self;
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("attribute"))
          return axis_attribute;

        break;

      case 'c':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("child"))
          return axis_child;

        break;

      case 'd':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("descendant"))
          return axis_descendant;
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("descendant-or-self"))
          return axis_descendant_or_self;

        break;

      case 'f':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("following"))
          return axis_following;
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("following-sibling"))
          return axis_following_sibling;

        break;

      case 'n':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("namespace"))
          return axis_namespace;

        break;

      case 'p':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("parent"))
          return axis_parent;
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("preceding"))
          return axis_preceding;
        else if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("preceding-sibling"))
          return axis_preceding_sibling;

        break;

      case 's':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("self"))
          return axis_self;

        break;

      default:
        break;
      }

      specified = false;
      return axis_child;
    }

    nodetest_t parse_node_test_type(const xpath_lexer_string& name)
    {
      switch (name.begin[0])
      {
      case 'c':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("comment"))
          return nodetest_type_comment;

        break;

      case 'n':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("node"))
          return nodetest_type_node;

        break;

      case 'p':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("processing-instruction"))
          return nodetest_type_pi;

        break;

      case 't':
        if (name == PUGIXML_TEXT("text"))
          return nodetest_type_text;

        break;

      default:
        break;
      }

      return nodetest_none;
    }

    // PrimaryExpr ::= VariableReference | '(' Expr ')' | Literal | Number | FunctionCall
    xpath_ast_node* parse_primary_expression()
    {
      switch (_lexer.current())
      {
      case lex_var_ref:
      {
        xpath_lexer_string name = _lexer.contents();

        if (!_variables)
          return error("Unknown variable: variable set is not provided");

        xpath_variable* var = NULL;
        if (!get_variable_scratch(_scratch, _variables, name.begin, name.end, &var))
          return error_oom();

        if (!var)
          return error("Unknown variable: variable set does not contain the given name");

        _lexer.next();

        return alloc_node(ast_variable, var->type(), var);
      }

      case lex_open_brace:
      {
        _lexer.next();

        xpath_ast_node* n = parse_expression();
        if (!n) return NULL;

        if (_lexer.current() != lex_close_brace)
          return error("Expected ')' to match an opening '('");

        _lexer.next();

        return n;
      }

      case lex_quoted_string:
      {
        const char_t* value = alloc_string(_lexer.contents());
        if (!value) return NULL;

        _lexer.next();

        return alloc_node(ast_string_constant, xpath_type_string, value);
      }

      case lex_number:
      {
        double value = 0;

        if (!convert_string_to_number_scratch(_scratch, _lexer.contents().begin, _lexer.contents().end, &value))
          return error_oom();

        _lexer.next();

        return alloc_node(ast_number_constant, xpath_type_number, value);
      }

      case lex_string:
      {
        xpath_ast_node* args[2] = {NULL};
        size_t argc = 0;

        xpath_lexer_string function = _lexer.contents();
        _lexer.next();

        xpath_ast_node* last_arg = NULL;

        if (_lexer.current() != lex_open_brace)
          return error("Unrecognized function call");
        _lexer.next();

        size_t old_depth = _depth;

        while (_lexer.current() != lex_close_brace)
        {
          if (argc > 0)
          {
            if (_lexer.current() != lex_comma)
              return error("No comma between function arguments");
            _lexer.next();
          }

          if (++_depth > xpath_ast_depth_limit)
            return error_rec();

          xpath_ast_node* n = parse_expression();
          if (!n) return NULL;

          if (argc < 2) args[argc] = n;
          else last_arg->set_next(n);

          argc++;
          last_arg = n;
        }

        _lexer.next();

        _depth = old_depth;

        return parse_function(function, argc, args);
      }

      default:
        return error("Unrecognizable primary expression");
      }
    }

    // FilterExpr ::= PrimaryExpr | FilterExpr Predicate
    // Predicate ::= '[' PredicateExpr ']'
    // PredicateExpr ::= Expr
    xpath_ast_node* parse_filter_expression()
    {
      xpath_ast_node* n = parse_primary_expression();
      if (!n) return NULL;

      size_t old_depth = _depth;

      while (_lexer.current() == lex_open_square_brace)
      {
        _lexer.next();

        if (++_depth > xpath_ast_depth_limit)
          return error_rec();

        if (n->rettype() != xpath_type_node_set)
          return error("Predicate has to be applied to node set");

        xpath_ast_node* expr = parse_expression();
        if (!expr) return NULL;

        n = alloc_node(ast_filter, n, expr, predicate_default);
        if (!n) return NULL;

        if (_lexer.current() != lex_close_square_brace)
          return error("Expected ']' to match an opening '['");

        _lexer.next();
      }

      _depth = old_depth;

      return n;
    }

    // Step ::= AxisSpecifier NodeTest Predicate* | AbbreviatedStep
    // AxisSpecifier ::= AxisName '::' | '@'?
    // NodeTest ::= NameTest | NodeType '(' ')' | 'processing-instruction' '(' Literal ')'
    // NameTest ::= '*' | NCName ':' '*' | QName
    // AbbreviatedStep ::= '.' | '..'
    xpath_ast_node* parse_step(xpath_ast_node* set)
    {
      if (set && set->rettype() != xpath_type_node_set)
        return error("Step has to be applied to node set");

      bool axis_specified = false;
      axis_t axis = axis_child; // implied child axis

      if (_lexer.current() == lex_axis_attribute)
      {
        axis = axis_attribute;
        axis_specified = true;

        _lexer.next();
      }
      else if (_lexer.current() == lex_dot)
      {
        _lexer.next();

        if (_lexer.current() == lex_open_square_brace)
          return error("Predicates are not allowed after an abbreviated step");

        return alloc_node(ast_step, set, axis_self, nodetest_type_node, NULL);
      }
      else if (_lexer.current() == lex_double_dot)
      {
        _lexer.next();

        if (_lexer.current() == lex_open_square_brace)
          return error("Predicates are not allowed after an abbreviated step");

        return alloc_node(ast_step, set, axis_parent, nodetest_type_node, NULL);
      }

      nodetest_t nt_type = nodetest_none;
      xpath_lexer_string nt_name;

      if (_lexer.current() == lex_string)
      {
        // node name test
        nt_name = _lexer.contents();
        _lexer.next();

        // was it an axis name?
        if (_lexer.current() == lex_double_colon)
        {
          // parse axis name
          if (axis_specified)
            return error("Two axis specifiers in one step");

          axis = parse_axis_name(nt_name, axis_specified);

          if (!axis_specified)
            return error("Unknown axis");

          // read actual node test
          _lexer.next();

          if (_lexer.current() == lex_multiply)
          {
            nt_type = nodetest_all;
            nt_name = xpath_lexer_string();
            _lexer.next();
          }
          else if (_lexer.current() == lex_string)
          {
            nt_name = _lexer.contents();
            _lexer.next();
          }
          else
          {
            return error("Unrecognized node test");
          }
        }

        if (nt_type == nodetest_none)
        {
          // node type test or processing-instruction
          if (_lexer.current() == lex_open_brace)
          {
            _lexer.next();

            if (_lexer.current() == lex_close_brace)
            {
              _lexer.next();

              nt_type = parse_node_test_type(nt_name);

              if (nt_type == nodetest_none)
                return error("Unrecognized node type");

              nt_name = xpath_lexer_string();
            }
            else if (nt_name == PUGIXML_TEXT("processing-instruction"))
            {
              if (_lexer.current() != lex_quoted_string)
                return error("Only literals are allowed as arguments to processing-instruction()");

              nt_type = nodetest_pi;
              nt_name = _lexer.contents();
              _lexer.next();

              if (_lexer.current() != lex_close_brace)
                return error("Unmatched brace near processing-instruction()");
              _lexer.next();
            }
            else
            {
              return error("Unmatched brace near node type test");
            }
          }
          // QName or NCName:*
          else
          {
            if (nt_name.end - nt_name.begin > 2 && nt_name.end[-2] == ':' && nt_name.end[-1] == '*') // NCName:*
            {
              nt_name.end--; // erase *

              nt_type = nodetest_all_in_namespace;
            }
            else
            {
              nt_type = nodetest_name;
            }
          }
        }
      }
      else if (_lexer.current() == lex_multiply)
      {
        nt_type = nodetest_all;
        _lexer.next();
      }
      else
      {
        return error("Unrecognized node test");
      }

      const char_t* nt_name_copy = alloc_string(nt_name);
      if (!nt_name_copy) return NULL;

      xpath_ast_node* n = alloc_node(ast_step, set, axis, nt_type, nt_name_copy);
      if (!n) return NULL;

      size_t old_depth = _depth;

      xpath_ast_node* last = NULL;

      while (_lexer.current() == lex_open_square_brace)
      {
        _lexer.next();

        if (++_depth > xpath_ast_depth_limit)
          return error_rec();

        xpath_ast_node* expr = parse_expression();
        if (!expr) return NULL;

        xpath_ast_node* pred = alloc_node(ast_predicate, NULL, expr, predicate_default);
        if (!pred) return NULL;

        if (_lexer.current() != lex_close_square_brace)
          return error("Expected ']' to match an opening '['");
        _lexer.next();

        if (last) last->set_next(pred);
        else n->set_right(pred);

        last = pred;
      }

      _depth = old_depth;

      return n;
    }

    // RelativeLocationPath ::= Step | RelativeLocationPath '/' Step | RelativeLocationPath '//' Step
    xpath_ast_node* parse_relative_location_path(xpath_ast_node* set)
    {
      xpath_ast_node* n = parse_step(set);
      if (!n) return NULL;

      size_t old_depth = _depth;

      while (_lexer.current() == lex_slash || _lexer.current() == lex_double_slash)
      {
        lexeme_t l = _lexer.current();
        _lexer.next();

        if (l == lex_double_slash)
        {
          n = alloc_node(ast_step, n, axis_descendant_or_self, nodetest_type_node, NULL);
          if (!n) return NULL;

          ++_depth;
        }

        if (++_depth > xpath_ast_depth_limit)
          return error_rec();

        n = parse_step(n);
        if (!n) return NULL;
      }

      _depth = old_depth;

      return n;
    }

    // LocationPath ::= RelativeLocationPath | AbsoluteLocationPath
    // AbsoluteLocationPath ::= '/' RelativeLocationPath? | '//' RelativeLocationPath
    xpath_ast_node* parse_location_path()
    {
      if (_lexer.current() == lex_slash)
      {
        _lexer.next();

        xpath_ast_node* n = alloc_node(ast_step_root, xpath_type_node_set);
        if (!n) return NULL;

        // relative location path can start from axis_attribute, dot, double_dot, multiply and string lexemes; any other lexeme means standalone root path
        lexeme_t l = _lexer.current();

        if (l == lex_string || l == lex_axis_attribute || l == lex_dot || l == lex_double_dot || l == lex_multiply)
          return parse_relative_location_path(n);
        else
          return n;
      }
      else if (_lexer.current() == lex_double_slash)
      {
        _lexer.next();

        xpath_ast_node* n = alloc_node(ast_step_root, xpath_type_node_set);
        if (!n) return NULL;

        n = alloc_node(ast_step, n, axis_descendant_or_self, nodetest_type_node, NULL);
        if (!n) return NULL;

        return parse_relative_location_path(n);
      }

      // else clause moved outside of if because of bogus warning 'control may reach end of non-void function being inlined' in gcc 4.0.1
      return parse_relative_location_path(NULL);
    }

    // PathExpr ::= LocationPath
    //        | FilterExpr
    //        | FilterExpr '/' RelativeLocationPath
    //        | FilterExpr '//' RelativeLocationPath
    // UnionExpr ::= PathExpr | UnionExpr '|' PathExpr
    // UnaryExpr ::= UnionExpr | '-' UnaryExpr
    xpath_ast_node* parse_path_or_unary_expression()
    {
      // Clarification.
      // PathExpr begins with either LocationPath or FilterExpr.
      // FilterExpr begins with PrimaryExpr
      // PrimaryExpr begins with '$' in case of it being a variable reference,
      // '(' in case of it being an expression, string literal, number constant or
      // function call.
      if (_lexer.current() == lex_var_ref || _lexer.current() == lex_open_brace ||
        _lexer.current() == lex_quoted_string || _lexer.current() == lex_number ||
        _lexer.current() == lex_string)
      {
        if (_lexer.current() == lex_string)
        {
          // This is either a function call, or not - if not, we shall proceed with location path
          const char_t* state = _lexer.state();

          while (PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE(*state, ct_space)) ++state;

          if (*state != '(')
            return parse_location_path();

          // This looks like a function call; however this still can be a node-test. Check it.
          if (parse_node_test_type(_lexer.contents()) != nodetest_none)
            return parse_location_path();
        }

        xpath_ast_node* n = parse_filter_expression();
        if (!n) return NULL;

        if (_lexer.current() == lex_slash || _lexer.current() == lex_double_slash)
        {
          lexeme_t l = _lexer.current();
          _lexer.next();

          if (l == lex_double_slash)
          {
            if (n->rettype() != xpath_type_node_set)
              return error("Step has to be applied to node set");

            n = alloc_node(ast_step, n, axis_descendant_or_self, nodetest_type_node, NULL);
            if (!n) return NULL;
          }

          // select from location path
          return parse_relative_location_path(n);
        }

        return n;
      }
      else if (_lexer.current() == lex_minus)
      {
        _lexer.next();

        // precedence 7+ - only parses union expressions
        xpath_ast_node* n = parse_expression(7);
        if (!n) return NULL;

        return alloc_node(ast_op_negate, xpath_type_number, n);
      }
      else
      {
        return parse_location_path();
      }
    }

    struct binary_op_t
    {
      ast_type_t asttype;
      xpath_value_type rettype;
      int precedence;

      binary_op_t(): asttype(ast_unknown), rettype(xpath_type_none), precedence(0)
      {
      }

      binary_op_t(ast_type_t asttype_, xpath_value_type rettype_, int precedence_): asttype(asttype_), rettype(rettype_), precedence(precedence_)
      {
      }

      static binary_op_t parse(xpath_lexer& lexer)
      {
        switch (lexer.current())
        {
        case lex_string:
          if (lexer.contents() == PUGIXML_TEXT("or"))
            return binary_op_t(ast_op_or, xpath_type_boolean, 1);
          else if (lexer.contents() == PUGIXML_TEXT("and"))
            return binary_op_t(ast_op_and, xpath_type_boolean, 2);
          else if (lexer.contents() == PUGIXML_TEXT("div"))
            return binary_op_t(ast_op_divide, xpath_type_number, 6);
          else if (lexer.contents() == PUGIXML_TEXT("mod"))
            return binary_op_t(ast_op_mod, xpath_type_number, 6);
          else
            return binary_op_t();

        case lex_equal:
          return binary_op_t(ast_op_equal, xpath_type_boolean, 3);

        case lex_not_equal:
          return binary_op_t(ast_op_not_equal, xpath_type_boolean, 3);

        case lex_less:
          return binary_op_t(ast_op_less, xpath_type_boolean, 4);

        case lex_greater:
          return binary_op_t(ast_op_greater, xpath_type_boolean, 4);

        case lex_less_or_equal:
          return binary_op_t(ast_op_less_or_equal, xpath_type_boolean, 4);

        case lex_greater_or_equal:
          return binary_op_t(ast_op_greater_or_equal, xpath_type_boolean, 4);

        case lex_plus:
          return binary_op_t(ast_op_add, xpath_type_number, 5);

        case lex_minus:
          return binary_op_t(ast_op_subtract, xpath_type_number, 5);

        case lex_multiply:
          return binary_op_t(ast_op_multiply, xpath_type_number, 6);

        case lex_union:
          return binary_op_t(ast_op_union, xpath_type_node_set, 7);

        default:
          return binary_op_t();
        }
      }
    };

    xpath_ast_node* parse_expression_rec(xpath_ast_node* lhs, int limit)
    {
      binary_op_t op = binary_op_t::parse(_lexer);

      while (op.asttype != ast_unknown && op.precedence >= limit)
      {
        _lexer.next();

        if (++_depth > xpath_ast_depth_limit)
          return error_rec();

        xpath_ast_node* rhs = parse_path_or_unary_expression();
        if (!rhs) return NULL;

        binary_op_t nextop = binary_op_t::parse(_lexer);

        while (nextop.asttype != ast_unknown && nextop.precedence > op.precedence)
        {
          rhs = parse_expression_rec(rhs, nextop.precedence);
          if (!rhs) return NULL;

          nextop = binary_op_t::parse(_lexer);
        }

        if (op.asttype == ast_op_union && (lhs->rettype() != xpath_type_node_set || rhs->rettype() != xpath_type_node_set))
          return error("Union operator has to be applied to node sets");

        lhs = alloc_node(op.asttype, op.rettype, lhs, rhs);
        if (!lhs) return NULL;

        op = binary_op_t::parse(_lexer);
      }

      return lhs;
    }

    // Expr ::= OrExpr
    // OrExpr ::= AndExpr | OrExpr 'or' AndExpr
    // AndExpr ::= EqualityExpr | AndExpr 'and' EqualityExpr
    // EqualityExpr ::= RelationalExpr
    //          | EqualityExpr '=' RelationalExpr
    //          | EqualityExpr '!=' RelationalExpr
    // RelationalExpr ::= AdditiveExpr
    //            | RelationalExpr '<' AdditiveExpr
    //            | RelationalExpr '>' AdditiveExpr
    //            | RelationalExpr '<=' AdditiveExpr
    //            | RelationalExpr '>=' AdditiveExpr
    // AdditiveExpr ::= MultiplicativeExpr
    //          | AdditiveExpr '+' MultiplicativeExpr
    //          | AdditiveExpr '-' MultiplicativeExpr
    // MultiplicativeExpr ::= UnaryExpr
    //              | MultiplicativeExpr '*' UnaryExpr
    //              | MultiplicativeExpr 'div' UnaryExpr
    //              | MultiplicativeExpr 'mod' UnaryExpr
    xpath_ast_node* parse_expression(int limit = 0)
    {
      size_t old_depth = _depth;

      if (++_depth > xpath_ast_depth_limit)
        return error_rec();

      xpath_ast_node* n = parse_path_or_unary_expression();
      if (!n) return NULL;

      n = parse_expression_rec(n, limit);

      _depth = old_depth;

      return n;
    }

    xpath_parser(const char_t* query, xpath_variable_set* variables, xpath_allocator* alloc, xpath_parse_result* result): _alloc(alloc), _lexer(query), _query(query), _variables(variables), _result(result), _depth(0)
    {
    }

    xpath_ast_node* parse()
    {
      xpath_ast_node* n = parse_expression();
      if (!n) return NULL;

      assert(_depth == 0);

      // check if there are unparsed tokens left
      if (_lexer.current() != lex_eof)
        return error("Incorrect query");

      return n;
    }

    static xpath_ast_node* parse(const char_t* query, xpath_variable_set* variables, xpath_allocator* alloc, xpath_parse_result* result)
    {
      xpath_parser parser(query, variables, alloc, result);

      return parser.parse();
    }
  };

  struct xpath_query_impl
  {
    static xpath_query_impl* create()
    {
      void* memory = xml_memory::allocate(sizeof(xpath_query_impl));
      if (!memory) return NULL;

      return new (memory) xpath_query_impl();
    }

    static void destroy(xpath_query_impl* impl)
    {
      // free all allocated pages
      impl->alloc.release();

      // free allocator memory (with the first page)
      xml_memory::deallocate(impl);
    }

    xpath_query_impl(): root(NULL), alloc(&block, &oom), oom(false)
    {
      block.next = NULL;
      block.capacity = sizeof(block.data);
    }

    xpath_ast_node* root;
    xpath_allocator alloc;
    xpath_memory_block block;
    bool oom;
  };

  PUGI_IMPL_FN impl::xpath_ast_node* evaluate_node_set_prepare(xpath_query_impl* impl)
  {
    if (!impl) return NULL;

    if (impl->root->rettype() != xpath_type_node_set)
    {
    #ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
      return 0;
    #else
      xpath_parse_result res;
      res.error = "Expression does not evaluate to node set";

      throw xpath_exception(res);
    #endif
    }

    return impl->root;
  }
PUGI_IMPL_NS_END

namespace pugi
{
#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_exception::xpath_exception(const xpath_parse_result& result_): _result(result_)
  {
    assert(_result.error);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char* xpath_exception::what() const PUGIXML_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return _result.error;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const xpath_parse_result& xpath_exception::result() const
  {
    return _result;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node::xpath_node()
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node::xpath_node(const xml_node& node_): _node(node_)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node::xpath_node(const xml_attribute& attribute_, const xml_node& parent_): _node(attribute_ ? parent_ : xml_node()), _attribute(attribute_)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xpath_node::node() const
  {
    return _attribute ? xml_node() : _node;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_attribute xpath_node::attribute() const
  {
    return _attribute;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xml_node xpath_node::parent() const
  {
    return _attribute ? _node : _node.parent();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN static void unspecified_bool_xpath_node(xpath_node***)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node::operator xpath_node::unspecified_bool_type() const
  {
    return (_node || _attribute) ? unspecified_bool_xpath_node : NULL;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_node::operator!() const
  {
    return !(_node || _attribute);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_node::operator==(const xpath_node& n) const
  {
    return _node == n._node && _attribute == n._attribute;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_node::operator!=(const xpath_node& n) const
  {
    return _node != n._node || _attribute != n._attribute;
  }

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool operator&&(const xpath_node& lhs, bool rhs)
  {
    return (bool)lhs && rhs;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool operator||(const xpath_node& lhs, bool rhs)
  {
    return (bool)lhs || rhs;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xpath_node_set::_assign(const_iterator begin_, const_iterator end_, type_t type_)
  {
    assert(begin_ <= end_);

    size_t size_ = static_cast<size_t>(end_ - begin_);

    // use internal buffer for 0 or 1 elements, heap buffer otherwise
    xpath_node* storage = (size_ <= 1) ? _storage : static_cast<xpath_node*>(impl::xml_memory::allocate(size_ * sizeof(xpath_node)));

    if (!storage)
    {
    #ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
      return;
    #else
      throw std::bad_alloc();
    #endif
    }

    // deallocate old buffer
    if (_begin != _storage)
      impl::xml_memory::deallocate(_begin);

    // size check is necessary because for begin_ = end_ = nullptr, memcpy is UB
    if (size_)
      memcpy(storage, begin_, size_ * sizeof(xpath_node));

    _begin = storage;
    _end = storage + size_;
    _type = type_;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_MOVE
  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xpath_node_set::_move(xpath_node_set& rhs) PUGIXML_NOEXCEPT
  {
    _type = rhs._type;
    _storage[0] = rhs._storage[0];
    _begin = (rhs._begin == rhs._storage) ? _storage : rhs._begin;
    _end = _begin + (rhs._end - rhs._begin);

    rhs._type = type_unsorted;
    rhs._begin = rhs._storage;
    rhs._end = rhs._storage;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set::xpath_node_set(): _type(type_unsorted), _begin(_storage), _end(_storage)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set::xpath_node_set(const_iterator begin_, const_iterator end_, type_t type_): _type(type_unsorted), _begin(_storage), _end(_storage)
  {
    _assign(begin_, end_, type_);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set::~xpath_node_set()
  {
    if (_begin != _storage)
      impl::xml_memory::deallocate(_begin);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set::xpath_node_set(const xpath_node_set& ns): _type(type_unsorted), _begin(_storage), _end(_storage)
  {
    _assign(ns._begin, ns._end, ns._type);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set& xpath_node_set::operator=(const xpath_node_set& ns)
  {
    if (this == &ns) return *this;

    _assign(ns._begin, ns._end, ns._type);

    return *this;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_MOVE
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set::xpath_node_set(xpath_node_set&& rhs) PUGIXML_NOEXCEPT: _type(type_unsorted), _begin(_storage), _end(_storage)
  {
    _move(rhs);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set& xpath_node_set::operator=(xpath_node_set&& rhs) PUGIXML_NOEXCEPT
  {
    if (this == &rhs) return *this;

    if (_begin != _storage)
      impl::xml_memory::deallocate(_begin);

    _move(rhs);

    return *this;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set::type_t xpath_node_set::type() const
  {
    return _type;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t xpath_node_set::size() const
  {
    return _end - _begin;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_node_set::empty() const
  {
    return _begin == _end;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const xpath_node& xpath_node_set::operator[](size_t index) const
  {
    assert(index < size());
    return _begin[index];
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set::const_iterator xpath_node_set::begin() const
  {
    return _begin;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set::const_iterator xpath_node_set::end() const
  {
    return _end;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xpath_node_set::sort(bool reverse)
  {
    _type = impl::xpath_sort(_begin, _end, _type, reverse);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node xpath_node_set::first() const
  {
    return impl::xpath_first(_begin, _end, _type);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_parse_result::xpath_parse_result(): error("Internal error"), offset(0)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_parse_result::operator bool() const
  {
    return error == NULL;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char* xpath_parse_result::description() const
  {
    return error ? error : "No error";
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_variable::xpath_variable(xpath_value_type type_): _type(type_), _next(NULL)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* xpath_variable::name() const
  {
    switch (_type)
    {
    case xpath_type_node_set:
      return static_cast<const impl::xpath_variable_node_set*>(this)->name;

    case xpath_type_number:
      return static_cast<const impl::xpath_variable_number*>(this)->name;

    case xpath_type_string:
      return static_cast<const impl::xpath_variable_string*>(this)->name;

    case xpath_type_boolean:
      return static_cast<const impl::xpath_variable_boolean*>(this)->name;

    default:
      assert(false && "Invalid variable type"); // unreachable
      return NULL;
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_value_type xpath_variable::type() const
  {
    return _type;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_variable::get_boolean() const
  {
    return (_type == xpath_type_boolean) ? static_cast<const impl::xpath_variable_boolean*>(this)->value : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN double xpath_variable::get_number() const
  {
    return (_type == xpath_type_number) ? static_cast<const impl::xpath_variable_number*>(this)->value : impl::gen_nan();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const char_t* xpath_variable::get_string() const
  {
    const char_t* value = (_type == xpath_type_string) ? static_cast<const impl::xpath_variable_string*>(this)->value : NULL;
    return value ? value : PUGIXML_TEXT("");
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const xpath_node_set& xpath_variable::get_node_set() const
  {
    if (_type == xpath_type_node_set)
      return static_cast<const impl::xpath_variable_node_set*>(this)->value;
    static const xpath_node_set dummy_node_set;
    return dummy_node_set;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_variable::set(bool value)
  {
    if (_type != xpath_type_boolean) return false;

    static_cast<impl::xpath_variable_boolean*>(this)->value = value;
    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_variable::set(double value)
  {
    if (_type != xpath_type_number) return false;

    static_cast<impl::xpath_variable_number*>(this)->value = value;
    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_variable::set(const char_t* value)
  {
    if (_type != xpath_type_string) return false;

    impl::xpath_variable_string* var = static_cast<impl::xpath_variable_string*>(this);

    // duplicate string
    size_t size = (impl::strlength(value) + 1) * sizeof(char_t);

    char_t* copy = static_cast<char_t*>(impl::xml_memory::allocate(size));
    if (!copy) return false;

    memcpy(copy, value, size);

    // replace old string
    if (var->value) impl::xml_memory::deallocate(var->value);
    var->value = copy;

    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_variable::set(const xpath_node_set& value)
  {
    if (_type != xpath_type_node_set) return false;

    static_cast<impl::xpath_variable_node_set*>(this)->value = value;
    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_variable_set::xpath_variable_set()
  {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(_data) / sizeof(_data[0]); ++i)
      _data[i] = NULL;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_variable_set::~xpath_variable_set()
  {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(_data) / sizeof(_data[0]); ++i)
      _destroy(_data[i]);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_variable_set::xpath_variable_set(const xpath_variable_set& rhs)
  {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(_data) / sizeof(_data[0]); ++i)
      _data[i] = NULL;

    _assign(rhs);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_variable_set& xpath_variable_set::operator=(const xpath_variable_set& rhs)
  {
    if (this == &rhs) return *this;

    _assign(rhs);

    return *this;
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_MOVE
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_variable_set::xpath_variable_set(xpath_variable_set&& rhs) PUGIXML_NOEXCEPT
  {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(_data) / sizeof(_data[0]); ++i)
    {
      _data[i] = rhs._data[i];
      rhs._data[i] = NULL;
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_variable_set& xpath_variable_set::operator=(xpath_variable_set&& rhs) PUGIXML_NOEXCEPT
  {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(_data) / sizeof(_data[0]); ++i)
    {
      _destroy(_data[i]);

      _data[i] = rhs._data[i];
      rhs._data[i] = NULL;
    }

    return *this;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xpath_variable_set::_assign(const xpath_variable_set& rhs)
  {
    xpath_variable_set temp;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(_data) / sizeof(_data[0]); ++i)
      if (rhs._data[i] && !_clone(rhs._data[i], &temp._data[i]))
        return;

    _swap(temp);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xpath_variable_set::_swap(xpath_variable_set& rhs)
  {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(_data) / sizeof(_data[0]); ++i)
    {
      xpath_variable* chain = _data[i];

      _data[i] = rhs._data[i];
      rhs._data[i] = chain;
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_variable* xpath_variable_set::_find(const char_t* name) const
  {
    const size_t hash_size = sizeof(_data) / sizeof(_data[0]);
    size_t hash = impl::hash_string(name) % hash_size;

    // look for existing variable
    for (xpath_variable* var = _data[hash]; var; var = var->_next)
    {
      const char_t* vn = var->name();
      if (vn && impl::strequal(vn, name))
        return var;
    }

    return NULL;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_variable_set::_clone(xpath_variable* var, xpath_variable** out_result)
  {
    xpath_variable* last = NULL;

    while (var)
    {
      // allocate storage for new variable
      xpath_variable* nvar = impl::new_xpath_variable(var->_type, var->name());
      if (!nvar) return false;

      // link the variable to the result immediately to handle failures gracefully
      if (last)
        last->_next = nvar;
      else
        *out_result = nvar;

      last = nvar;

      // copy the value; this can fail due to out-of-memory conditions
      if (!impl::copy_xpath_variable(nvar, var)) return false;

      var = var->_next;
    }

    return true;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN void xpath_variable_set::_destroy(xpath_variable* var)
  {
    while (var)
    {
      xpath_variable* next = var->_next;

      impl::delete_xpath_variable(var->_type, var);

      var = next;
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_variable* xpath_variable_set::add(const char_t* name, xpath_value_type type)
  {
    const size_t hash_size = sizeof(_data) / sizeof(_data[0]);
    size_t hash = impl::hash_string(name) % hash_size;

    // look for existing variable
    for (xpath_variable* var = _data[hash]; var; var = var->_next)
    {
      const char_t* vn = var->name();
      if (vn && impl::strequal(vn, name))
        return var->type() == type ? var : NULL;
    }

    // add new variable
    xpath_variable* result = impl::new_xpath_variable(type, name);

    if (result)
    {
      result->_next = _data[hash];

      _data[hash] = result;
    }

    return result;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_variable_set::set(const char_t* name, bool value)
  {
    xpath_variable* var = add(name, xpath_type_boolean);
    return var ? var->set(value) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_variable_set::set(const char_t* name, double value)
  {
    xpath_variable* var = add(name, xpath_type_number);
    return var ? var->set(value) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_variable_set::set(const char_t* name, const char_t* value)
  {
    xpath_variable* var = add(name, xpath_type_string);
    return var ? var->set(value) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_variable_set::set(const char_t* name, const xpath_node_set& value)
  {
    xpath_variable* var = add(name, xpath_type_node_set);
    return var ? var->set(value) : false;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_variable* xpath_variable_set::get(const char_t* name)
  {
    return _find(name);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const xpath_variable* xpath_variable_set::get(const char_t* name) const
  {
    return _find(name);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_query::xpath_query(const char_t* query, xpath_variable_set* variables): _impl(NULL)
  {
    impl::xpath_query_impl* qimpl = impl::xpath_query_impl::create();

    if (!qimpl)
    {
    #ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
      _result.error = "Out of memory";
    #else
      throw std::bad_alloc();
    #endif
    }
    else
    {
      using impl::auto_deleter; // MSVC7 workaround
      auto_deleter<impl::xpath_query_impl> impl(qimpl, impl::xpath_query_impl::destroy);

      qimpl->root = impl::xpath_parser::parse(query, variables, &qimpl->alloc, &_result);

      if (qimpl->root)
      {
        qimpl->root->optimize(&qimpl->alloc);

        _impl = impl.release();
        _result.error = NULL;
      }
      else
      {
      #ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
        if (qimpl->oom) _result.error = "Out of memory";
      #else
        if (qimpl->oom) throw std::bad_alloc();
        throw xpath_exception(_result);
      #endif
      }
    }
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_query::xpath_query(): _impl(NULL)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_query::~xpath_query()
  {
    if (_impl)
      impl::xpath_query_impl::destroy(static_cast<impl::xpath_query_impl*>(_impl));
  }

#ifdef PUGIXML_HAS_MOVE
  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_query::xpath_query(xpath_query&& rhs) PUGIXML_NOEXCEPT
  {
    _impl = rhs._impl;
    _result = rhs._result;
    rhs._impl = NULL;
    rhs._result = xpath_parse_result();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_query& xpath_query::operator=(xpath_query&& rhs) PUGIXML_NOEXCEPT
  {
    if (this == &rhs) return *this;

    if (_impl)
      impl::xpath_query_impl::destroy(static_cast<impl::xpath_query_impl*>(_impl));

    _impl = rhs._impl;
    _result = rhs._result;
    rhs._impl = NULL;
    rhs._result = xpath_parse_result();

    return *this;
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_value_type xpath_query::return_type() const
  {
    if (!_impl) return xpath_type_none;

    return static_cast<impl::xpath_query_impl*>(_impl)->root->rettype();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_query::evaluate_boolean(const xpath_node& n) const
  {
    if (!_impl) return false;

    impl::xpath_context c(n, 1, 1);
    impl::xpath_stack_data sd;

    bool r = static_cast<impl::xpath_query_impl*>(_impl)->root->eval_boolean(c, sd.stack);

    if (sd.oom)
    {
    #ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
      return false;
    #else
      throw std::bad_alloc();
    #endif
    }

    return r;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN double xpath_query::evaluate_number(const xpath_node& n) const
  {
    if (!_impl) return impl::gen_nan();

    impl::xpath_context c(n, 1, 1);
    impl::xpath_stack_data sd;

    double r = static_cast<impl::xpath_query_impl*>(_impl)->root->eval_number(c, sd.stack);

    if (sd.oom)
    {
    #ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
      return impl::gen_nan();
    #else
      throw std::bad_alloc();
    #endif
    }

    return r;
  }

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
  PUGI_IMPL_FN string_t xpath_query::evaluate_string(const xpath_node& n) const
  {
    if (!_impl) return string_t();

    impl::xpath_context c(n, 1, 1);
    impl::xpath_stack_data sd;

    impl::xpath_string r = static_cast<impl::xpath_query_impl*>(_impl)->root->eval_string(c, sd.stack);

    if (sd.oom)
    {
    #ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
      return string_t();
    #else
      throw std::bad_alloc();
    #endif
    }

    return string_t(r.c_str(), r.length());
  }
#endif

  PUGI_IMPL_FN size_t xpath_query::evaluate_string(char_t* buffer, size_t capacity, const xpath_node& n) const
  {
    impl::xpath_context c(n, 1, 1);
    impl::xpath_stack_data sd;

    impl::xpath_string r = _impl ? static_cast<impl::xpath_query_impl*>(_impl)->root->eval_string(c, sd.stack) : impl::xpath_string();

    if (sd.oom)
    {
    #ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
      r = impl::xpath_string();
    #else
      throw std::bad_alloc();
    #endif
    }

    size_t full_size = r.length() + 1;

    if (capacity > 0)
    {
      size_t size = (full_size < capacity) ? full_size : capacity;
      assert(size > 0);

      memcpy(buffer, r.c_str(), (size - 1) * sizeof(char_t));
      buffer[size - 1] = 0;
    }

    return full_size;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set xpath_query::evaluate_node_set(const xpath_node& n) const
  {
    impl::xpath_ast_node* root = impl::evaluate_node_set_prepare(static_cast<impl::xpath_query_impl*>(_impl));
    if (!root) return xpath_node_set();

    impl::xpath_context c(n, 1, 1);
    impl::xpath_stack_data sd;

    impl::xpath_node_set_raw r = root->eval_node_set(c, sd.stack, impl::nodeset_eval_all);

    if (sd.oom)
    {
    #ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
      return xpath_node_set();
    #else
      throw std::bad_alloc();
    #endif
    }

    return xpath_node_set(r.begin(), r.end(), r.type());
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node xpath_query::evaluate_node(const xpath_node& n) const
  {
    impl::xpath_ast_node* root = impl::evaluate_node_set_prepare(static_cast<impl::xpath_query_impl*>(_impl));
    if (!root) return xpath_node();

    impl::xpath_context c(n, 1, 1);
    impl::xpath_stack_data sd;

    impl::xpath_node_set_raw r = root->eval_node_set(c, sd.stack, impl::nodeset_eval_first);

    if (sd.oom)
    {
    #ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
      return xpath_node();
    #else
      throw std::bad_alloc();
    #endif
    }

    return r.first();
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN const xpath_parse_result& xpath_query::result() const
  {
    return _result;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN static void unspecified_bool_xpath_query(xpath_query***)
  {
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_query::operator xpath_query::unspecified_bool_type() const
  {
    return _impl ? unspecified_bool_xpath_query : NULL;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN bool xpath_query::operator!() const
  {
    return !_impl;
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node xml_node::select_node(const char_t* query, xpath_variable_set* variables) const
  {
    xpath_query q(query, variables);
    return q.evaluate_node(*this);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node xml_node::select_node(const xpath_query& query) const
  {
    return query.evaluate_node(*this);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set xml_node::select_nodes(const char_t* query, xpath_variable_set* variables) const
  {
    xpath_query q(query, variables);
    return q.evaluate_node_set(*this);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node_set xml_node::select_nodes(const xpath_query& query) const
  {
    return query.evaluate_node_set(*this);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node xml_node::select_single_node(const char_t* query, xpath_variable_set* variables) const
  {
    xpath_query q(query, variables);
    return q.evaluate_node(*this);
  }

  PUGI_IMPL_FN xpath_node xml_node::select_single_node(const xpath_query& query) const
  {
    return query.evaluate_node(*this);
  }
}

#endif

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
# pragma option pop
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(__c2__)
# pragma clang diagnostic pop
#endif

#if defined(__clang__)
# pragma clang diagnostic pop
#endif

// Intel C++ does not properly keep warning state for function templates,
// so popping warning state at the end of translation unit leads to warnings in the middle.
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
# pragma warning(pop)
#endif

// Undefine all local macros (makes sure we're not leaking macros in header-only mode)
#undef PUGI_IMPL_NO_INLINE
#undef PUGI_IMPL_UNLIKELY
#undef PUGI_IMPL_STATIC_ASSERT
#undef PUGI_IMPL_DMC_VOLATILE
#undef PUGI_IMPL_UNSIGNED_OVERFLOW
#undef PUGI_IMPL_MSVC_CRT_VERSION
#undef PUGI_IMPL_SNPRINTF
#undef PUGI_IMPL_NS_BEGIN
#undef PUGI_IMPL_NS_END
#undef PUGI_IMPL_FN
#undef PUGI_IMPL_FN_NO_INLINE
#undef PUGI_IMPL_GETHEADER_IMPL
#undef PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE_IMPL
#undef PUGI_IMPL_GETPAGE
#undef PUGI_IMPL_NODETYPE
#undef PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE_IMPL
#undef PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPE
#undef PUGI_IMPL_IS_CHARTYPEX
#undef PUGI_IMPL_ENDSWITH
#undef PUGI_IMPL_SKIPWS
#undef PUGI_IMPL_OPTSET
#undef PUGI_IMPL_PUSHNODE
#undef PUGI_IMPL_POPNODE
#undef PUGI_IMPL_SCANFOR
#undef PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE
#undef PUGI_IMPL_SCANWHILE_UNROLL
#undef PUGI_IMPL_ENDSEG
#undef PUGI_IMPL_THROW_ERROR
#undef PUGI_IMPL_CHECK_ERROR

#endif

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2025 Arseny Kapoulkine
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
 * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
 * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
 * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
 * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
 * conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
 * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
 * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
 * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

Coverage Report

Created: 2025-11-24 06:09