Coverage Report

Created: 2026-10-31 06:21

next uncovered line (L), next uncovered region (R), next uncovered branch (B)
/src/cpython/Modules/_io/clinic/_iomodule.c.h
Line
Count
Source
1
/*[clinic input]
2
preserve
3
[clinic start generated code]*/
4
5
#if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
6
#  include "pycore_gc.h"          // PyGC_Head
7
#  include "pycore_runtime.h"     // _Py_ID()
8
#endif
9
#include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_UnpackKeywords()
10
#include "pycore_unicodeobject.h" // _PyUnicode_AsUTF8NoNUL()
11
12
PyDoc_STRVAR(_io_open__doc__,
13
"open($module, /, file, mode=\'r\', buffering=-1, encoding=None,\n"
14
"     errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True, opener=None)\n"
15
"--\n"
16
"\n"
17
"Open file and return a stream.  Raise OSError upon failure.\n"
18
"\n"
19
"file is either a text or byte string giving the name (and the path\n"
20
"if the file isn\'t in the current working directory) of the file to\n"
21
"be opened or an integer file descriptor of the file to be\n"
22
"wrapped.  (If a file descriptor is given, it is closed when the\n"
23
"returned I/O object is closed, unless closefd is set to False.)\n"
24
"\n"
25
"mode is an optional string that specifies the mode in which the file\n"
26
"is opened.  It defaults to \'r\' which means open for reading in text\n"
27
"mode.  Other common values are \'w\' for writing (truncating the file if\n"
28
"it already exists), \'x\' for creating and writing to a new file, and\n"
29
"\'a\' for appending (which on some Unix systems, means that all writes\n"
30
"append to the end of the file regardless of the current seek position).\n"
31
"In text mode, if encoding is not specified the encoding used is platform\n"
32
"dependent: locale.getencoding() is called to get the current locale\n"
33
"encoding.  (For reading and writing raw bytes use binary mode and leave\n"
34
"encoding unspecified.)  The available modes are:\n"
35
"\n"
36
"========= ==========================================================\n"
37
"Character Meaning\n"
38
"--------- ----------------------------------------------------------\n"
39
"\'r\'       open for reading (default)\n"
40
"\'w\'       open for writing, truncating the file first\n"
41
"\'x\'       create a new file and open it for writing\n"
42
"\'a\'       open for writing, appending to the end of the file if it\n"
43
"          exists\n"
44
"\'b\'       binary mode\n"
45
"\'t\'       text mode (default)\n"
46
"\'+\'       open a disk file for updating (reading and writing)\n"
47
"========= ==========================================================\n"
48
"\n"
49
"The default mode is \'rt\' (open for reading text).  For binary random\n"
50
"access, the mode \'w+b\' opens and truncates the file to 0 bytes, while\n"
51
"\'r+b\' opens the file without truncation.  The \'x\' mode implies \'w\' and\n"
52
"raises an `FileExistsError` if the file already exists.\n"
53
"\n"
54
"Python distinguishes between files opened in binary and text modes,\n"
55
"even when the underlying operating system doesn\'t.  Files opened in\n"
56
"binary mode (appending \'b\' to the mode argument) return contents as\n"
57
"bytes objects without any decoding.  In text mode (the default, or when\n"
58
"\'t\' is appended to the mode argument), the contents of the file are\n"
59
"returned as strings, the bytes having been first decoded using a\n"
60
"platform-dependent encoding or using the specified encoding if given.\n"
61
"\n"
62
"buffering is an optional integer used to set the buffering policy.\n"
63
"Pass 0 to switch buffering off (only allowed in binary mode), 1 to\n"
64
"select line buffering (only usable in text mode), and an integer > 1 to\n"
65
"indicate the size of a fixed-size chunk buffer.   When no buffering\n"
66
"argument is given, the default buffering policy works as follows:\n"
67
"\n"
68
"* Binary files are buffered in fixed-size chunks; the size of the buffer\n"
69
"  is max(min(blocksize, 8 MiB), DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE) when the device\n"
70
"  block size is available.\n"
71
"  On most systems, the buffer will typically be 128 kilobytes long.\n"
72
"\n"
73
"* \"Interactive\" text files (files for which isatty() returns True)\n"
74
"  use line buffering.  Other text files use the policy described above\n"
75
"  for binary files.\n"
76
"\n"
77
"encoding is the name of the encoding used to decode or encode the\n"
78
"file.  This should only be used in text mode.  The default encoding is\n"
79
"platform dependent, but any encoding supported by Python can be\n"
80
"passed.  See the codecs module for the list of supported encodings.\n"
81
"\n"
82
"errors is an optional string that specifies how encoding errors are to\n"
83
"be handled---this argument should not be used in binary mode.  Pass\n"
84
"\'strict\' to raise a ValueError exception if there is an encoding error\n"
85
"(the default of None has the same effect), or pass \'ignore\' to ignore\n"
86
"errors.  (Note that ignoring encoding errors can lead to data loss.)\n"
87
"See the documentation for codecs.register or run \'help(codecs.Codec)\'\n"
88
"for a list of the permitted encoding error strings.\n"
89
"\n"
90
"newline controls how universal newlines works (it only applies to text\n"
91
"mode).  It can be None, \'\', \'\\n\', \'\\r\', and \'\\r\\n\'.  It works as\n"
92
"follows:\n"
93
"\n"
94
"* On input, if newline is None, universal newlines mode is enabled.\n"
95
"  Lines in the input can end in \'\\n\', \'\\r\', or \'\\r\\n\', and these are\n"
96
"  translated into \'\\n\' before being returned to the caller.  If it is\n"
97
"  \'\', universal newline mode is enabled, but line endings are returned\n"
98
"  to the caller untranslated.  If it has any of the other legal values,\n"
99
"  input lines are only terminated by the given string, and the line\n"
100
"  ending is returned to the caller untranslated.\n"
101
"\n"
102
"* On output, if newline is None, any \'\\n\' characters written are\n"
103
"  translated to the system default line separator, os.linesep.  If\n"
104
"  newline is \'\' or \'\\n\', no translation takes place.  If newline is any\n"
105
"  of the other legal values, any \'\\n\' characters written are translated\n"
106
"  to the given string.\n"
107
"\n"
108
"If closefd is False, the underlying file descriptor will be kept open\n"
109
"when the file is closed.  This does not work when a file name is given\n"
110
"and must be True in that case.\n"
111
"\n"
112
"A custom opener can be used by passing a callable as *opener*.  The\n"
113
"underlying file descriptor for the file object is then obtained by\n"
114
"calling *opener* with (*file*, *flags*).  *opener* must return an open\n"
115
"file descriptor (passing os.open as *opener* results in functionality\n"
116
"similar to passing None).\n"
117
"\n"
118
"open() returns a file object whose type depends on the mode, and\n"
119
"through which the standard file operations such as reading and writing\n"
120
"are performed.  When open() is used to open a file in a text mode (\'w\',\n"
121
"\'r\', \'wt\', \'rt\', etc.), it returns a TextIOWrapper.  When used to open\n"
122
"a file in a binary mode, the returned class varies: in read binary\n"
123
"mode, it returns a BufferedReader; in write binary and append binary\n"
124
"modes, it returns a BufferedWriter, and in read/write mode, it returns\n"
125
"a BufferedRandom.\n"
126
"\n"
127
"It is also possible to use a string or bytearray as a file for both\n"
128
"reading and writing.  For strings StringIO can be used like a file\n"
129
"opened in a text mode, and for bytes a BytesIO can be used like a file\n"
130
"opened in a binary mode.");
131
132
#define _IO_OPEN_METHODDEF    \
133
    {"open", _PyCFunction_CAST(_io_open), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, _io_open__doc__},
134
135
static PyObject *
136
_io_open_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *file, const char *mode,
137
              int buffering, const char *encoding, const char *errors,
138
              const char *newline, int closefd, PyObject *opener);
139
140
static PyObject *
141
_io_open(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
142
23.0k
{
143
23.0k
    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
144
23.0k
    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
145
146
23.0k
    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 8
147
23.0k
    static struct {
148
23.0k
        PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
149
23.0k
        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
150
23.0k
        Py_hash_t ob_hash;
151
23.0k
        PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
152
23.0k
    } _kwtuple = {
153
23.0k
        .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
154
23.0k
        .ob_hash = -1,
155
23.0k
        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(file), &_Py_ID(mode), &_Py_ID(buffering), &_Py_ID(encoding), &_Py_ID(errors), &_Py_ID(newline), &_Py_ID(closefd), &_Py_ID(opener), },
156
23.0k
    };
157
23.0k
    #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
158
23.0k
    #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
159
160
    #else  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
161
    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
162
    #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
163
164
23.0k
    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"file", "mode", "buffering", "encoding", "errors", "newline", "closefd", "opener", NULL};
165
23.0k
    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
166
23.0k
        .keywords = _keywords,
167
23.0k
        .fname = "open",
168
23.0k
        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
169
23.0k
    };
170
23.0k
    #undef KWTUPLE
171
23.0k
    PyObject *argsbuf[8];
172
23.0k
    Py_ssize_t noptargs = nargs + (kwnames ? PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames) : 0) - 1;
173
23.0k
    PyObject *file;
174
23.0k
    const char *mode = "r";
175
23.0k
    int buffering = -1;
176
23.0k
    const char *encoding = NULL;
177
23.0k
    const char *errors = NULL;
178
23.0k
    const char *newline = NULL;
179
23.0k
    int closefd = 1;
180
23.0k
    PyObject *opener = Py_None;
181
182
23.0k
    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser,
183
23.0k
            /*minpos*/ 1, /*maxpos*/ 8, /*minkw*/ 0, /*varpos*/ 0, argsbuf);
184
23.0k
    if (!args) {
185
0
        goto exit;
186
0
    }
187
23.0k
    file = args[0];
188
23.0k
    if (!noptargs) {
189
0
        goto skip_optional_pos;
190
0
    }
191
23.0k
    if (args[1]) {
192
23.0k
        if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
193
0
            _PyArg_BadArgument("open", "argument 'mode'", "str", args[1]);
194
0
            goto exit;
195
0
        }
196
23.0k
        mode = _PyUnicode_AsUTF8NoNUL(args[1]);
197
23.0k
        if (mode == NULL) {
198
0
            goto exit;
199
0
        }
200
23.0k
        if (!--noptargs) {
201
22.9k
            goto skip_optional_pos;
202
22.9k
        }
203
23.0k
    }
204
124
    if (args[2]) {
205
124
        buffering = PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
206
124
        if (buffering == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
207
0
            goto exit;
208
0
        }
209
124
        if (!--noptargs) {
210
0
            goto skip_optional_pos;
211
0
        }
212
124
    }
213
124
    if (args[3]) {
214
124
        if (args[3] == Py_None) {
215
111
            encoding = NULL;
216
111
        }
217
13
        else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[3])) {
218
13
            encoding = _PyUnicode_AsUTF8NoNUL(args[3]);
219
13
            if (encoding == NULL) {
220
0
                goto exit;
221
0
            }
222
13
        }
223
0
        else {
224
0
            _PyArg_BadArgument("open", "argument 'encoding'", "str or None", args[3]);
225
0
            goto exit;
226
0
        }
227
124
        if (!--noptargs) {
228
0
            goto skip_optional_pos;
229
0
        }
230
124
    }
231
124
    if (args[4]) {
232
124
        if (args[4] == Py_None) {
233
124
            errors = NULL;
234
124
        }
235
0
        else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[4])) {
236
0
            errors = _PyUnicode_AsUTF8NoNUL(args[4]);
237
0
            if (errors == NULL) {
238
0
                goto exit;
239
0
            }
240
0
        }
241
0
        else {
242
0
            _PyArg_BadArgument("open", "argument 'errors'", "str or None", args[4]);
243
0
            goto exit;
244
0
        }
245
124
        if (!--noptargs) {
246
0
            goto skip_optional_pos;
247
0
        }
248
124
    }
249
124
    if (args[5]) {
250
124
        if (args[5] == Py_None) {
251
124
            newline = NULL;
252
124
        }
253
0
        else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[5])) {
254
0
            newline = _PyUnicode_AsUTF8NoNUL(args[5]);
255
0
            if (newline == NULL) {
256
0
                goto exit;
257
0
            }
258
0
        }
259
0
        else {
260
0
            _PyArg_BadArgument("open", "argument 'newline'", "str or None", args[5]);
261
0
            goto exit;
262
0
        }
263
124
        if (!--noptargs) {
264
13
            goto skip_optional_pos;
265
13
        }
266
124
    }
267
111
    if (args[6]) {
268
111
        closefd = PyObject_IsTrue(args[6]);
269
111
        if (closefd < 0) {
270
0
            goto exit;
271
0
        }
272
111
        if (!--noptargs) {
273
111
            goto skip_optional_pos;
274
111
        }
275
111
    }
276
0
    opener = args[7];
277
23.0k
skip_optional_pos:
278
23.0k
    return_value = _io_open_impl(module, file, mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline, closefd, opener);
279
280
23.0k
exit:
281
23.0k
    return return_value;
282
23.0k
}
283
284
PyDoc_STRVAR(_io_text_encoding__doc__,
285
"text_encoding($module, encoding, stacklevel=2, /)\n"
286
"--\n"
287
"\n"
288
"A helper function to choose the text encoding.\n"
289
"\n"
290
"When encoding is not None, this function returns it.\n"
291
"Otherwise, this function returns the default text encoding\n"
292
"(i.e. \"locale\" or \"utf-8\" depends on UTF-8 mode).\n"
293
"\n"
294
"This function emits an EncodingWarning if encoding is None and\n"
295
"sys.flags.warn_default_encoding is true.\n"
296
"\n"
297
"This can be used in APIs with an encoding=None parameter.\n"
298
"However, please consider using encoding=\"utf-8\" for new APIs.");
299
300
#define _IO_TEXT_ENCODING_METHODDEF    \
301
    {"text_encoding", _PyCFunction_CAST(_io_text_encoding), METH_FASTCALL, _io_text_encoding__doc__},
302
303
static PyObject *
304
_io_text_encoding_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *encoding, int stacklevel);
305
306
static PyObject *
307
_io_text_encoding(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
308
26
{
309
26
    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
310
26
    PyObject *encoding;
311
26
    int stacklevel = 2;
312
313
26
    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("text_encoding", nargs, 1, 2)) {
314
0
        goto exit;
315
0
    }
316
26
    encoding = args[0];
317
26
    if (nargs < 2) {
318
26
        goto skip_optional;
319
26
    }
320
0
    stacklevel = PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
321
0
    if (stacklevel == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
322
0
        goto exit;
323
0
    }
324
26
skip_optional:
325
26
    return_value = _io_text_encoding_impl(module, encoding, stacklevel);
326
327
26
exit:
328
26
    return return_value;
329
26
}
330
331
PyDoc_STRVAR(_io_open_code__doc__,
332
"open_code($module, /, path)\n"
333
"--\n"
334
"\n"
335
"Opens the provided file with the intent to import the contents.\n"
336
"\n"
337
"This may perform extra validation beyond open(), but is otherwise\n"
338
"interchangeable with calling open(path, \'rb\').");
339
340
#define _IO_OPEN_CODE_METHODDEF    \
341
    {"open_code", _PyCFunction_CAST(_io_open_code), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, _io_open_code__doc__},
342
343
static PyObject *
344
_io_open_code_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *path);
345
346
static PyObject *
347
_io_open_code(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
348
5.52k
{
349
5.52k
    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
350
5.52k
    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
351
352
5.52k
    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 1
353
5.52k
    static struct {
354
5.52k
        PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
355
5.52k
        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
356
5.52k
        Py_hash_t ob_hash;
357
5.52k
        PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
358
5.52k
    } _kwtuple = {
359
5.52k
        .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
360
5.52k
        .ob_hash = -1,
361
5.52k
        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(path), },
362
5.52k
    };
363
5.52k
    #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
364
5.52k
    #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
365
366
    #else  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
367
    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
368
    #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
369
370
5.52k
    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"path", NULL};
371
5.52k
    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
372
5.52k
        .keywords = _keywords,
373
5.52k
        .fname = "open_code",
374
5.52k
        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
375
5.52k
    };
376
5.52k
    #undef KWTUPLE
377
5.52k
    PyObject *argsbuf[1];
378
5.52k
    PyObject *path;
379
380
5.52k
    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser,
381
5.52k
            /*minpos*/ 1, /*maxpos*/ 1, /*minkw*/ 0, /*varpos*/ 0, argsbuf);
382
5.52k
    if (!args) {
383
0
        goto exit;
384
0
    }
385
5.52k
    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
386
0
        _PyArg_BadArgument("open_code", "argument 'path'", "str", args[0]);
387
0
        goto exit;
388
0
    }
389
5.52k
    path = args[0];
390
5.52k
    return_value = _io_open_code_impl(module, path);
391
392
5.52k
exit:
393
5.52k
    return return_value;
394
5.52k
}
395
/*[clinic end generated code: output=4570f4466d711d60 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/