/* Ordered Dictionary object implementation.

This implementation is necessarily explicitly equivalent to the pure Python

OrderedDict class in Lib/collections/__init__.py.  The strategy there

involves using a doubly-linked-list to capture the order.  We keep to that

strategy, using a lower-level linked-list.

About the Linked-List

=====================

For the linked list we use a basic doubly-linked-list.  Using a circularly-

linked-list does have some benefits, but they don't apply so much here

since OrderedDict is focused on the ends of the list (for the most part).

Furthermore, there are some features of generic linked-lists that we simply

don't need for OrderedDict.  Thus a simple custom implementation meets our

needs.  Alternatives to our simple approach include the QCIRCLE_*

macros from BSD's queue.h, and the linux's list.h.

Getting O(1) Node Lookup

------------------------

One invariant of Python's OrderedDict is that it preserves time complexity

of dict's methods, particularly the O(1) operations.  Simply adding a

linked-list on top of dict is not sufficient here; operations for nodes in

the middle of the linked-list implicitly require finding the node first.

With a simple linked-list like we're using, that is an O(n) operation.

Consequently, methods like __delitem__() would change from O(1) to O(n),

which is unacceptable.

In order to preserve O(1) performance for node removal (finding nodes), we

must do better than just looping through the linked-list.  Here are options

we've considered:

1. use a second dict to map keys to nodes (a la the pure Python version).

2. keep a simple hash table mirroring the order of dict's, mapping each key

   to the corresponding node in the linked-list.

3. use a version of shared keys (split dict) that allows non-unicode keys.

4. have the value stored for each key be a (value, node) pair, and adjust

   __getitem__(), get(), etc. accordingly.

The approach with the least performance impact (time and space) is #2,

mirroring the key order of dict's dk_entries with an array of node pointers.

While _Py_dict_lookup() does not give us the index into the array,

we make use of pointer arithmetic to get that index.  An alternative would

be to refactor _Py_dict_lookup() to provide the index, explicitly exposing

the implementation detail.  We could even just use a custom lookup function

for OrderedDict that facilitates our need.  However, both approaches are

significantly more complicated than just using pointer arithmetic.

The catch with mirroring the hash table ordering is that we have to keep

the ordering in sync through any dict resizes.  However, that order only

matters during node lookup.  We can simply defer any potential resizing

until we need to do a lookup.

Linked-List Nodes

-----------------

The current implementation stores a pointer to the associated key only.

One alternative would be to store a pointer to the PyDictKeyEntry instead.

This would save one pointer de-reference per item, which is nice during

calls to values() and items().  However, it adds unnecessary overhead

otherwise, so we stick with just the key.

Linked-List API

---------------

As noted, the linked-list implemented here does not have all the bells and

whistles.  However, we recognize that the implementation may need to

change to accommodate performance improvements or extra functionality.  To

that end, we use a simple API to interact with the linked-list.  Here's a

summary of the methods/macros:

Node info:

* _odictnode_KEY(node)

* _odictnode_VALUE(od, node)

* _odictnode_PREV(node)

* _odictnode_NEXT(node)

Linked-List info:

* _odict_FIRST(od)

* _odict_LAST(od)

* _odict_EMPTY(od)

* _odict_FOREACH(od, node) - used in place of `for (node=...)`

For adding nodes:

* _odict_add_head(od, node)

* _odict_add_tail(od, node)

* _odict_add_new_node(od, key, hash)

For removing nodes:

* _odict_clear_node(od, node, key, hash)

* _odict_clear_nodes(od, clear_each)

Others:

* _odict_find_node_hash(od, key, hash)

* _odict_find_node(od, key)

* _odict_keys_equal(od1, od2)

And here's a look at how the linked-list relates to the OrderedDict API:

============ === === ==== ==== ==== === ==== ===== ==== ==== === ==== === ===

method       key val prev next mem  1st last empty iter find add rmv  clr keq

============ === === ==== ==== ==== === ==== ===== ==== ==== === ==== === ===

__del__                                      ~                        X

__delitem__                    free                     ~        node

__eq__       ~                                                            X

__iter__     X            X

__new__                             X   X

__reduce__   X   ~                                 X

__repr__     X   X                                 X

__reversed__ X       X

__setitem__                                                  key

__sizeof__                     size          X

clear                          ~             ~                        X

copy         X   X                                 X

items        X   X        X

keys         X            X

move_to_end  X                      X   X               ~    h/t key

pop                            free                              key

popitem      X   X             free X   X                        node

setdefault       ~                                      ?    ~

values           X        X

============ === === ==== ==== ==== === ==== ===== ==== ==== === ==== === ===

__delitem__ is the only method that directly relies on finding an arbitrary

node in the linked-list.  Everything else is iteration or relates to the

ends of the linked-list.

Situation that Endangers Consistency

------------------------------------

Using a raw linked-list for OrderedDict exposes a key situation that can

cause problems.  If a node is stored in a variable, there is a chance that

the node may have been deallocated before the variable gets used, thus

potentially leading to a segmentation fault.  A key place where this shows

up is during iteration through the linked list (via _odict_FOREACH or

otherwise).

A number of solutions are available to resolve this situation:

* defer looking up the node until as late as possible and certainly after

  any code that could possibly result in a deletion;

* if the node is needed both before and after a point where the node might

  be removed, do a check before using the node at the "after" location to

  see if the node is still valid;

* like the last one, but simply pull the node again to ensure it's right;

* keep the key in the variable instead of the node and then look up the

  node using the key at the point where the node is needed (this is what

  we do for the iterators).

Another related problem, preserving consistent ordering during iteration,

is described below.  That one is not exclusive to using linked-lists.

Challenges from Subclassing dict

================================

OrderedDict subclasses dict, which is an unusual relationship between two

builtin types (other than the base object type).  Doing so results in

some complication and deserves further explanation.  There are two things

to consider here.  First, in what circumstances or with what adjustments

can OrderedDict be used as a drop-in replacement for dict (at the C level)?

Second, how can the OrderedDict implementation leverage the dict

implementation effectively without introducing unnecessary coupling or

inefficiencies?

This second point is reflected here and in the implementation, so the

further focus is on the first point.  It is worth noting that for

overridden methods, the dict implementation is deferred to as much as

possible.  Furthermore, coupling is limited to as little as is reasonable.

Concrete API Compatibility

--------------------------

Use of the concrete C-API for dict (PyDict_*) with OrderedDict is

problematic.  (See http://bugs.python.org/issue10977.)  The concrete API

has a number of hard-coded assumptions tied to the dict implementation.

This is, in part, due to performance reasons, which is understandable

given the part dict plays in Python.

Any attempt to replace dict with OrderedDict for any role in the

interpreter (e.g. **kwds) faces a challenge.  Such any effort must

recognize that the instances in affected locations currently interact with

the concrete API.

Here are some ways to address this challenge:

1. Change the relevant usage of the concrete API in CPython and add

   PyDict_CheckExact() calls to each of the concrete API functions.

2. Adjust the relevant concrete API functions to explicitly accommodate

   OrderedDict.

3. As with #1, add the checks, but improve the abstract API with smart fast

   paths for dict and OrderedDict, and refactor CPython to use the abstract

   API.  Improvements to the abstract API would be valuable regardless.

Adding the checks to the concrete API would help make any interpreter

switch to OrderedDict less painful for extension modules.  However, this

won't work.  The equivalent C API call to `dict.__setitem__(obj, k, v)`

is `PyDict_SetItem(obj, k, v)`.  This illustrates how subclasses in C call

the base class's methods, since there is no equivalent of super() in the

C API.  Calling into Python for parent class API would work, but some

extension modules already rely on this feature of the concrete API.

For reference, here is a breakdown of some of the dict concrete API:

========================== ============= =======================

concrete API               uses          abstract API

========================== ============= =======================

PyDict_Check                             PyMapping_Check

(PyDict_CheckExact)                      -

(PyDict_New)                             -

(PyDictProxy_New)                        -

PyDict_Clear                             -

PyDict_Contains                          PySequence_Contains

PyDict_Copy                              -

PyDict_SetItem                           PyObject_SetItem

PyDict_SetItemString                     PyMapping_SetItemString

PyDict_DelItem                           PyMapping_DelItem

PyDict_DelItemString                     PyMapping_DelItemString

PyDict_GetItem                           -

PyDict_GetItemWithError                  PyObject_GetItem

PyDict_GetItemString                     PyMapping_GetItemString

PyDict_Items                             PyMapping_Items

PyDict_Keys                              PyMapping_Keys

PyDict_Values                            PyMapping_Values

PyDict_Size                              PyMapping_Size

                                         PyMapping_Length

PyDict_Next                              PyIter_Next

_PyDict_Next                             -

PyDict_Merge                             -

PyDict_Update                            -

PyDict_MergeFromSeq2                     -

PyDict_ClearFreeList                     -

-                                        PyMapping_HasKeyString

-                                        PyMapping_HasKey

========================== ============= =======================

The dict Interface Relative to OrderedDict

==========================================

Since OrderedDict subclasses dict, understanding the various methods and

attributes of dict is important for implementing OrderedDict.

Relevant Type Slots

-------------------

================= ================ =================== ================

slot              attribute        object              dict

================= ================ =================== ================

tp_dealloc        -                object_dealloc      dict_dealloc

tp_repr           __repr__         object_repr         dict_repr

sq_contains       __contains__     -                   dict_contains

mp_length         __len__          -                   dict_length

mp_subscript      __getitem__      -                   dict_subscript

mp_ass_subscript  __setitem__      -                   dict_ass_sub

                  __delitem__

tp_hash           __hash__         Py_HashPointer      ..._HashNotImpl

tp_str            __str__          object_str          -

tp_getattro       __getattribute__ ..._GenericGetAttr  (repeated)

                  __getattr__

tp_setattro       __setattr__      ..._GenericSetAttr  (disabled)

tp_doc            __doc__          (literal)           dictionary_doc

tp_traverse       -                -                   dict_traverse

tp_clear          -                -                   dict_tp_clear

tp_richcompare    __eq__           object_richcompare  dict_richcompare

                  __ne__

tp_weaklistoffset (__weakref__)    -                   -

tp_iter           __iter__         -                   dict_iter

tp_dictoffset     (__dict__)       -                   -

tp_init           __init__         object_init         dict_init

tp_alloc          -                PyType_GenericAlloc (repeated)

tp_new            __new__          object_new          dict_new

tp_free           -                PyObject_Free       PyObject_GC_Del

================= ================ =================== ================

Relevant Methods

----------------

================ =================== ===============

method           object              dict

================ =================== ===============

__reduce__       object_reduce       -

__sizeof__       object_sizeof       dict_sizeof

clear            -                   dict_clear

copy             -                   dict_copy

fromkeys         -                   dict_fromkeys

get              -                   dict_get

items            -                   dictitems_new

keys             -                   dictkeys_new

pop              -                   dict_pop

popitem          -                   dict_popitem

setdefault       -                   dict_setdefault

update           -                   dict_update

values           -                   dictvalues_new

================ =================== ===============

Pure Python OrderedDict

=======================

As already noted, compatibility with the pure Python OrderedDict

implementation is a key goal of this C implementation.  To further that

goal, here's a summary of how OrderedDict-specific methods are implemented

in collections/__init__.py.  Also provided is an indication of which

methods directly mutate or iterate the object, as well as any relationship

with the underlying linked-list.

============= ============== == ================ === === ====

method        impl used      ll uses             inq mut iter

============= ============== == ================ === === ====

__contains__  dict           -  -                X

__delitem__   OrderedDict    Y  dict.__delitem__     X

__eq__        OrderedDict    N  OrderedDict      ~

                                dict.__eq__

                                __iter__

__getitem__   dict           -  -                X

__iter__      OrderedDict    Y  -                        X

__init__      OrderedDict    N  update

__len__       dict           -  -                X

__ne__        MutableMapping -  __eq__           ~

__reduce__    OrderedDict    N  OrderedDict      ~

                                __iter__

                                __getitem__

__repr__      OrderedDict    N  __class__        ~

                                items

__reversed__  OrderedDict    Y  -                        X

__setitem__   OrderedDict    Y  __contains__         X

                                dict.__setitem__

__sizeof__    OrderedDict    Y  __len__          ~

                                __dict__

clear         OrderedDict    Y  dict.clear           X

copy          OrderedDict    N  __class__

                                __init__

fromkeys      OrderedDict    N  __setitem__

get           dict           -  -                ~

items         MutableMapping -  ItemsView                X

keys          MutableMapping -  KeysView                 X

move_to_end   OrderedDict    Y  -                    X

pop           OrderedDict    N  __contains__         X

                                __getitem__

                                __delitem__

popitem       OrderedDict    Y  dict.pop             X

setdefault    OrderedDict    N  __contains__         ~

                                __getitem__

                                __setitem__

update        MutableMapping -  __setitem__          ~

values        MutableMapping -  ValuesView               X

============= ============== == ================ === === ====

__reversed__ and move_to_end are both exclusive to OrderedDict.

C OrderedDict Implementation

============================

================= ================

slot              impl

================= ================

tp_dealloc        odict_dealloc

tp_repr           odict_repr

mp_ass_subscript  odict_ass_sub

tp_doc            odict_doc

tp_traverse       odict_traverse

tp_clear          odict_tp_clear

tp_richcompare    odict_richcompare

tp_weaklistoffset (offset)

tp_iter           odict_iter

tp_dictoffset     (offset)

tp_init           odict_init

tp_alloc          (repeated)

================= ================

================= ================

method            impl

================= ================

__reduce__        odict_reduce

__sizeof__        odict_sizeof

clear             odict_clear

copy              odict_copy

fromkeys          odict_fromkeys

items             odictitems_new

keys              odictkeys_new

pop               odict_pop

popitem           odict_popitem

setdefault        odict_setdefault

update            odict_update

values            odictvalues_new

================= ================

Inherited unchanged from object/dict:

================ ==========================

method           type field

================ ==========================

-                tp_free

__contains__     tp_as_sequence.sq_contains

__getattr__      tp_getattro

__getattribute__ tp_getattro

__getitem__      tp_as_mapping.mp_subscript

__hash__         tp_hash

__len__          tp_as_mapping.mp_length

__setattr__      tp_setattro

__str__          tp_str

get              -

================ ==========================

Other Challenges

================

Preserving Ordering During Iteration

------------------------------------

During iteration through an OrderedDict, it is possible that items could

get added, removed, or reordered.  For a linked-list implementation, as

with some other implementations, that situation may lead to undefined

behavior.  The documentation for dict mentions this in the `iter()` section

of http://docs.python.org/3.4/library/stdtypes.html#dictionary-view-objects.

In this implementation we follow dict's lead (as does the pure Python

implementation) for __iter__(), keys(), values(), and items().

For internal iteration (using _odict_FOREACH or not), there is still the

risk that not all nodes that we expect to be seen in the loop actually get

seen.  Thus, we are careful in each of those places to ensure that they

are.  This comes, of course, at a small price at each location.  The

solutions are much the same as those detailed in the `Situation that

Endangers Consistency` section above.

Potential Optimizations

=======================

* Allocate the nodes as a block via od_fast_nodes instead of individually.

  - Set node->key to NULL to indicate the node is not-in-use.

  - Add _odict_EXISTS()?

  - How to maintain consistency across resizes?  Existing node pointers

    would be invalidated after a resize, which is particularly problematic

    for the iterators.

* Use a more stream-lined implementation of update() and, likely indirectly,

  __init__().

*/

/* TODO

sooner:

- reentrancy (make sure everything is at a thread-safe state when calling

  into Python).  I've already checked this multiple times, but want to

  make one more pass.

- add unit tests for reentrancy?

later:

- make the dict views support the full set API (the pure Python impl does)

- implement a fuller MutableMapping API in C?

- move the MutableMapping implementation to abstract.c?

- optimize mutablemapping_update

- use PyObject_Malloc (small object allocator) for odict nodes?

- support subclasses better (e.g. in odict_richcompare)

*/

#include "Python.h"

#include "pycore_call.h"             // _PyObject_CallNoArgs()

#include "pycore_ceval.h"            // _PyEval_GetBuiltin()

#include "pycore_critical_section.h" //_Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION

#include "pycore_dict.h"             // _Py_dict_lookup()

#include "pycore_object.h"           // _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK()

#include "pycore_pyerrors.h"         // _PyErr_ChainExceptions1()

#include "pycore_tuple.h"            // _PyTuple_Recycle()

#include <stddef.h>                  // offsetof()

#include "pycore_weakref.h"          // FT_CLEAR_WEAKREFS()

#include "clinic/odictobject.c.h"

/*[clinic input]

class OrderedDict "PyODictObject *" "&PyODict_Type"

class odictiter "PyObject *" "&PyODictIter_Type"

[clinic start generated code]*/

/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=ae5599eeb14d29ae]*/

typedef struct _odictnode _ODictNode;

/* PyODictObject */

struct _odictobject {

    PyDictObject od_dict;        /* the underlying dict */

    _ODictNode *od_first;        /* first node in the linked list, if any */

    _ODictNode *od_last;         /* last node in the linked list, if any */

    /* od_fast_nodes, od_fast_nodes_size and od_resize_sentinel are managed

     * by _odict_resize().

     * Note that we rely on implementation details of dict for both. */

    _ODictNode **od_fast_nodes;  /* hash table that mirrors the dict table */

    Py_ssize_t od_fast_nodes_size;

    void *od_resize_sentinel;    /* changes if odict should be resized */

    size_t od_state;             /* incremented whenever the LL changes */

    PyObject *od_inst_dict;      /* OrderedDict().__dict__ */

    PyObject *od_weakreflist;    /* holds weakrefs to the odict */

};

#define _PyODictObject_CAST(op) _Py_CAST(PyODictObject*, (op))

/* ----------------------------------------------

 * odict keys (a simple doubly-linked list)

 */

struct _odictnode {

    PyObject *key;

    Py_hash_t hash;

    _ODictNode *next;

    _ODictNode *prev;

};

#define _odictnode_KEY(node) \

    (node->key)

#define _odictnode_HASH(node) \

    (node->hash)

/* borrowed reference */

#define _odictnode_VALUE(node, od) \

    PyODict_GetItemWithError((PyObject *)od, _odictnode_KEY(node))

#define _odictnode_PREV(node) (node->prev)

#define _odictnode_NEXT(node) (node->next)

#define _odict_FIRST(od) (_PyODictObject_CAST(od)->od_first)

#define _odict_LAST(od) (_PyODictObject_CAST(od)->od_last)

#define _odict_EMPTY(od) (_odict_FIRST(od) == NULL)

#define _odict_FOREACH(od, node) \

    for (node = _odict_FIRST(od); node != NULL; node = _odictnode_NEXT(node))

/* Return the index into the hash table, regardless of a valid node. */

static Py_ssize_t

_odict_get_index_raw(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)

{

    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);

    PyObject *value = NULL;

    PyDictKeysObject *keys = ((PyDictObject *)od)->ma_keys;

    Py_ssize_t ix;

#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED

    ix = _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe((PyDictObject *)od, key, hash, &value);

    Py_XDECREF(value);

#else

    ix = _Py_dict_lookup((PyDictObject *)od, key, hash, &value);

#endif

    if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) {

        return keys->dk_nentries;  /* index of new entry */

    }

    if (ix < 0)

        return -1;

    /* We use pointer arithmetic to get the entry's index into the table. */

    return ix;

}

#define ONE ((Py_ssize_t)1)

/* Replace od->od_fast_nodes with a new table matching the size of dict's. */

static int

_odict_resize(PyODictObject *od)

{

    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);

    Py_ssize_t size, i;

    _ODictNode **fast_nodes, *node;

    /* Initialize a new "fast nodes" table. */

    size = ONE << (((PyDictObject *)od)->ma_keys->dk_log2_size);

    fast_nodes = PyMem_NEW(_ODictNode *, size);

    if (fast_nodes == NULL) {

        PyErr_NoMemory();

        return -1;

    }

    for (i = 0; i < size; i++)

        fast_nodes[i] = NULL;

    /* Copy the current nodes into the table. */

    _odict_FOREACH(od, node) {

        i = _odict_get_index_raw(od, _odictnode_KEY(node),

                                 _odictnode_HASH(node));

        if (i < 0) {

            PyMem_Free(fast_nodes);

            return -1;

        }

        fast_nodes[i] = node;

    }

    /* Replace the old fast nodes table. */

    PyMem_Free(od->od_fast_nodes);

    od->od_fast_nodes = fast_nodes;

    od->od_fast_nodes_size = size;

    od->od_resize_sentinel = ((PyDictObject *)od)->ma_keys;

    return 0;

}

/* Return the index into the hash table, regardless of a valid node. */

static Py_ssize_t

_odict_get_index(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)

{

    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);

    PyDictKeysObject *keys;

    assert(key != NULL);

    keys = ((PyDictObject *)od)->ma_keys;

    /* Ensure od_fast_nodes and dk_entries are in sync. */

    if (od->od_resize_sentinel != keys ||

        od->od_fast_nodes_size != (ONE << (keys->dk_log2_size))) {

        int resize_res = _odict_resize(od);

        if (resize_res < 0)

            return -1;

    }

    return _odict_get_index_raw(od, key, hash);

}

/* Returns NULL if there was some error or the key was not found. */

static _ODictNode *

_odict_find_node_hash(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)

{

    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);

    Py_ssize_t index;

    if (_odict_EMPTY(od))

        return NULL;

    index = _odict_get_index(od, key, hash);

    if (index < 0)

        return NULL;

    assert(od->od_fast_nodes != NULL);

    return od->od_fast_nodes[index];

}

static _ODictNode *

_odict_find_node(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key)

{

    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);

    Py_ssize_t index;

    Py_hash_t hash;

    if (_odict_EMPTY(od))

        return NULL;

    hash = PyObject_Hash(key);

    if (hash == -1)

        return NULL;

    index = _odict_get_index(od, key, hash);

    if (index < 0)

        return NULL;

    assert(od->od_fast_nodes != NULL);

    return od->od_fast_nodes[index];

}

static void

_odict_add_head(PyODictObject *od, _ODictNode *node)

{

    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);

    _odictnode_PREV(node) = NULL;

    _odictnode_NEXT(node) = _odict_FIRST(od);

    if (_odict_FIRST(od) == NULL)

        _odict_LAST(od) = node;

    else

        _odictnode_PREV(_odict_FIRST(od)) = node;

    _odict_FIRST(od) = node;

    od->od_state++;

}

static void

_odict_add_tail(PyODictObject *od, _ODictNode *node)

{

    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);

    _odictnode_PREV(node) = _odict_LAST(od);

    _odictnode_NEXT(node) = NULL;

    if (_odict_LAST(od) == NULL)

        _odict_FIRST(od) = node;

    else

        _odictnode_NEXT(_odict_LAST(od)) = node;

    _odict_LAST(od) = node;

    od->od_state++;

}

/* adds the node to the end of the list */

static int

_odict_add_new_node(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)

{

    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);

    Py_ssize_t i;

    _ODictNode *node;

    Py_INCREF(key);

    i = _odict_get_index(od, key, hash);

    if (i < 0) {

        if (!PyErr_Occurred())

            PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, key);

        Py_DECREF(key);

        return -1;

    }

    assert(od->od_fast_nodes != NULL);

    if (od->od_fast_nodes[i] != NULL) {

        /* We already have a node for the key so there's no need to add one. */

        Py_DECREF(key);

        return 0;

    }

    /* must not be added yet */

    node = (_ODictNode *)PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(_ODictNode));

    if (node == NULL) {

        Py_DECREF(key);

        PyErr_NoMemory();

        return -1;

    }

    _odictnode_KEY(node) = key;

    _odictnode_HASH(node) = hash;

    _odict_add_tail(od, node);

    od->od_fast_nodes[i] = node;

    return 0;

}

/* Putting the decref after the free causes problems. */

#define _odictnode_DEALLOC(node) \

    do { \

        Py_DECREF(_odictnode_KEY(node)); \

        PyMem_Free((void *)node); \

    } while (0)

/* Repeated calls on the same node are no-ops. */

static void

_odict_remove_node(PyODictObject *od, _ODictNode *node)

{

    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);

    if (_odict_FIRST(od) == node)

        _odict_FIRST(od) = _odictnode_NEXT(node);

    else if (_odictnode_PREV(node) != NULL)

        _odictnode_NEXT(_odictnode_PREV(node)) = _odictnode_NEXT(node);

    if (_odict_LAST(od) == node)

        _odict_LAST(od) = _odictnode_PREV(node);

    else if (_odictnode_NEXT(node) != NULL)

        _odictnode_PREV(_odictnode_NEXT(node)) = _odictnode_PREV(node);

    _odictnode_PREV(node) = NULL;

    _odictnode_NEXT(node) = NULL;

    od->od_state++;

}

/* If someone calls PyDict_DelItem() directly on an OrderedDict, we'll

   get all sorts of problems here.  In PyODict_DelItem we make sure to

   call _odict_clear_node first.

   This matters in the case of colliding keys.  Suppose we add 3 keys:

   [A, B, C], where the hash of C collides with A and the next possible

   index in the hash table is occupied by B.  If we remove B then for C

   the dict's looknode func will give us the old index of B instead of

   the index we got before deleting B.  However, the node for C in

   od_fast_nodes is still at the old dict index of C.  Thus to be sure

   things don't get out of sync, we clear the node in od_fast_nodes

   *before* calling PyDict_DelItem.

   The same must be done for any other OrderedDict operations where

   we modify od_fast_nodes.

*/

static int

_odict_clear_node(PyODictObject *od, _ODictNode *node, PyObject *key,

                  Py_hash_t hash)

{

    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);

    Py_ssize_t i;

    assert(key != NULL);

    if (_odict_EMPTY(od)) {

        /* Let later code decide if this is a KeyError. */

        return 0;

    }

    i = _odict_get_index(od, key, hash);

    if (i < 0)

        return PyErr_Occurred() ? -1 : 0;

    assert(od->od_fast_nodes != NULL);

    if (node == NULL)

        node = od->od_fast_nodes[i];

    assert(node == od->od_fast_nodes[i]);

    if (node == NULL) {

        /* Let later code decide if this is a KeyError. */

        return 0;

    }

    // Now clear the node.

    od->od_fast_nodes[i] = NULL;

    _odict_remove_node(od, node);

    _odictnode_DEALLOC(node);

    return 0;

}

static void

_odict_clear_nodes(PyODictObject *od)

{

    _ODictNode *node, *next;

    PyMem_Free(od->od_fast_nodes);

    od->od_fast_nodes = NULL;

    od->od_fast_nodes_size = 0;

    od->od_resize_sentinel = NULL;

    node = _odict_FIRST(od);

    _odict_FIRST(od) = NULL;

    _odict_LAST(od) = NULL;

    while (node != NULL) {

        next = _odictnode_NEXT(node);

        _odictnode_DEALLOC(node);

        node = next;

    }

    od->od_state++;

}

/* There isn't any memory management of nodes past this point. */

#undef _odictnode_DEALLOC

static int

_odict_keys_equal(PyODictObject *a, PyODictObject *b)

{

    _ODictNode *node_a, *node_b;

    // keep operands' state to detect undesired mutations

    const size_t state_a = a->od_state;

    const size_t state_b = b->od_state;

    node_a = _odict_FIRST(a);

    node_b = _odict_FIRST(b);

    while (1) {

        if (node_a == NULL && node_b == NULL) {

            /* success: hit the end of each at the same time */

            return 1;

        }

        else if (node_a == NULL || node_b == NULL) {

            /* unequal length */

            return 0;

        }

        else {

            PyObject *key_a = Py_NewRef(_odictnode_KEY(node_a));

            PyObject *key_b = Py_NewRef(_odictnode_KEY(node_b));

            int res = PyObject_RichCompareBool(key_a, key_b, Py_EQ);

            Py_DECREF(key_a);

            Py_DECREF(key_b);

            if (res < 0) {

                return res;

            }

            else if (a->od_state != state_a || b->od_state != state_b) {

                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,

                                "OrderedDict mutated during iteration");

                return -1;

            }

            else if (res == 0) {

                // This check comes after the check on the state

                // in order for the exception to be set correctly.

                return 0;

            }

            /* otherwise it must match, so move on to the next one */

            node_a = _odictnode_NEXT(node_a);

            node_b = _odictnode_NEXT(node_b);

        }

    }

}

/* ----------------------------------------------

 * OrderedDict mapping methods

 */

/* mp_ass_subscript: __setitem__() and __delitem__() */

static int

odict_mp_ass_sub(PyObject *od, PyObject *v, PyObject *w)

{

    if (w == NULL)

        return PyODict_DelItem(od, v);

    else

        return PyODict_SetItem(od, v, w);

}

/* tp_as_mapping */

static PyMappingMethods odict_as_mapping = {

    0,                                  /*mp_length*/

    0,                                  /*mp_subscript*/

    odict_mp_ass_sub,                   /*mp_ass_subscript*/

};

/* ----------------------------------------------

 * OrderedDict number methods

 */

static int mutablemapping_update_arg(PyObject*, PyObject*);

static PyObject *

odict_or(PyObject *left, PyObject *right)

{

    PyTypeObject *type;

    PyObject *other;

    if (PyODict_Check(left)) {

        type = Py_TYPE(left);

        other = right;

    }

    else {

        type = Py_TYPE(right);

        other = left;

    }

    if (!PyAnyDict_Check(other)) {

        Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;

    }

    PyObject *new = PyObject_CallOneArg((PyObject*)type, left);

    if (!new) {

        return NULL;

    }

    if (mutablemapping_update_arg(new, right) < 0) {

        Py_DECREF(new);

        return NULL;

    }

    return new;

}

static PyObject *

odict_inplace_or(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)

{

    if (mutablemapping_update_arg(self, other) < 0) {

        return NULL;

    }

    return Py_NewRef(self);

}

/* tp_as_number */

static PyNumberMethods odict_as_number = {

    .nb_or = odict_or,

    .nb_inplace_or = odict_inplace_or,

};

/* ----------------------------------------------

 * OrderedDict methods

 */

/* fromkeys() */

/*[clinic input]

@permit_long_summary

@classmethod

OrderedDict.fromkeys

    iterable as seq: object

    value: object = None

Create a new ordered dictionary with keys from iterable and values set to value.

[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *

OrderedDict_fromkeys_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *seq, PyObject *value)

/*[clinic end generated code: output=c10390d452d78d6d input=1277ae0769083848]*/

{

    return _PyDict_FromKeys((PyObject *)type, seq, value);

}

/*[clinic input]

@critical_section

OrderedDict.__sizeof__ -> Py_ssize_t

[clinic start generated code]*/

static Py_ssize_t

OrderedDict___sizeof___impl(PyODictObject *self)

/*[clinic end generated code: output=1a8560db8cf83ac5 input=655e989ae24daa6a]*/

{

    Py_ssize_t res = _PyDict_SizeOf_LockHeld((PyDictObject *)self);

    res += sizeof(_ODictNode *) * self->od_fast_nodes_size;  /* od_fast_nodes */

    if (!_odict_EMPTY(self)) {

        res += sizeof(_ODictNode) * PyODict_SIZE(self);  /* linked-list */

    }

    return res;

}

/*[clinic input]

OrderedDict.__reduce__

    self as od: self(type="PyODictObject *")

Return state information for pickling

[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *

OrderedDict___reduce___impl(PyODictObject *od)

/*[clinic end generated code: output=71eeb81f760a6a8e input=b0467c7ec400fe5e]*/

{

    PyObject *state, *result = NULL;

    PyObject *items_iter, *items, *args = NULL;

    /* capture any instance state */

    state = _PyObject_GetState((PyObject *)od);

    if (state == NULL)

        goto Done;

    /* build the result */

    args = PyTuple_New(0);

    if (args == NULL)

        goto Done;

    items = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs((PyObject *)od, &_Py_ID(items));

    if (items == NULL)

        goto Done;

    items_iter = PyObject_GetIter(items);

    Py_DECREF(items);

    if (items_iter == NULL)

        goto Done;

    result = PyTuple_Pack(5, Py_TYPE(od), args, state, Py_None, items_iter);

    Py_DECREF(items_iter);

Done:

    Py_XDECREF(state);

    Py_XDECREF(args);

    return result;

}

/* setdefault(): Skips __missing__() calls. */

static int PyODict_SetItem_LockHeld(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value);

/*[clinic input]

@critical_section

OrderedDict.setdefault

    key: object

    default: object = None

Insert key with a value of default if key is not in the dictionary.

Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default.

[clinic start generated code]*/

static PyObject *