// Copyright 2018 Ulf Adams

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// Minimal Ryu implementation adapted for Ruby JSON gem by Josef Šimánek

// Optimized for pre-extracted mantissa/exponent from JSON parsing

// This is a stripped-down version containing only what's needed for

// converting decimal mantissa+exponent to IEEE 754 double precision.

#ifndef RYU_H

#define RYU_H

#include <stdint.h>

#include <stdbool.h>

#include <string.h>

// Detect __builtin_clzll availability (for floor_log2)

// Note: MSVC doesn't have __builtin_clzll, so we provide a fallback

#ifdef __clang__

  #if __has_builtin(__builtin_clzll)

    #define RYU_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZLL 1

  #else

    #define RYU_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZLL 0

  #endif

#elif defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3))

  #define RYU_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZLL 1

#else

  #define RYU_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZLL 0

#endif

// Count leading zeros (for floor_log2)

static inline uint32_t ryu_leading_zeros64(uint64_t input)

{

#if RYU_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZLL

  return __builtin_clzll(input);

#else

  // Fallback: binary search for the highest set bit

  // This works on MSVC and other compilers without __builtin_clzll

  if (input == 0) return 64;

  uint32_t n = 0;

  if (input <= 0x00000000FFFFFFFFULL) { n += 32; input <<= 32; }

  if (input <= 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL) { n += 16; input <<= 16; }

  if (input <= 0x00FFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) { n +=  8; input <<=  8; }

  if (input <= 0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) { n +=  4; input <<=  4; }

  if (input <= 0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) { n +=  2; input <<=  2; }

  if (input <= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) { n +=  1; }

  return n;

#endif

}

// These tables are generated by PrintDoubleLookupTable.

#define DOUBLE_POW5_INV_BITCOUNT 125

#define DOUBLE_POW5_BITCOUNT 125

#define DOUBLE_POW5_INV_TABLE_SIZE 342

#define DOUBLE_POW5_TABLE_SIZE 326

static const uint64_t DOUBLE_POW5_INV_SPLIT[DOUBLE_POW5_INV_TABLE_SIZE][2] = {

  {                    1u, 2305843009213693952u }, { 11068046444225730970u, 1844674407370955161u },

  {  5165088340638674453u, 1475739525896764129u }, {  7821419487252849886u, 1180591620717411303u },

  {  8824922364862649494u, 1888946593147858085u }, {  7059937891890119595u, 1511157274518286468u },

  { 13026647942995916322u, 1208925819614629174u }, {  9774590264567735146u, 1934281311383406679u },

  { 11509021026396098440u, 1547425049106725343u }, { 16585914450600699399u, 1237940039285380274u },

  { 15469416676735388068u, 1980704062856608439u }, { 16064882156130220778u, 1584563250285286751u },

  {  9162556910162266299u, 1267650600228229401u }, {  7281393426775805432u, 2028240960365167042u },

  { 16893161185646375315u, 1622592768292133633u }, {  2446482504291369283u, 1298074214633706907u },

  {  7603720821608101175u, 2076918743413931051u }, {  2393627842544570617u, 1661534994731144841u },

  { 16672297533003297786u, 1329227995784915872u }, { 11918280793837635165u, 2126764793255865396u },

  {  5845275820328197809u, 1701411834604692317u }, { 15744267100488289217u, 1361129467683753853u },

  {  3054734472329800808u, 2177807148294006166u }, { 17201182836831481939u, 1742245718635204932u },

  {  6382248639981364905u, 1393796574908163946u }, {  2832900194486363201u, 2230074519853062314u },

  {  5955668970331000884u, 1784059615882449851u }, {  1075186361522890384u, 1427247692705959881u },

  { 12788344622662355584u, 2283596308329535809u }, { 13920024512871794791u, 1826877046663628647u },

  {  3757321980813615186u, 1461501637330902918u }, { 10384555214134712795u, 1169201309864722334u },

  {  5547241898389809503u, 1870722095783555735u }, {  4437793518711847602u, 1496577676626844588u },

  { 10928932444453298728u, 1197262141301475670u }, { 17486291911125277965u, 1915619426082361072u },

  {  6610335899416401726u, 1532495540865888858u }, { 12666966349016942027u, 1225996432692711086u },

  { 12888448528943286597u, 1961594292308337738u }, { 17689456452638449924u, 1569275433846670190u },

  { 14151565162110759939u, 1255420347077336152u }, {  7885109000409574610u, 2008672555323737844u },

  {  9997436015069570011u, 1606938044258990275u }, {  7997948812055656009u, 1285550435407192220u },

  { 12796718099289049614u, 2056880696651507552u }, {  2858676849947419045u, 1645504557321206042u },

  { 13354987924183666206u, 1316403645856964833u }, { 17678631863951955605u, 2106245833371143733u },

  {  3074859046935833515u, 1684996666696914987u }, { 13527933681774397782u, 1347997333357531989u },

  { 10576647446613305481u, 2156795733372051183u }, { 15840015586774465031u, 1725436586697640946u },

  {  8982663654677661702u, 1380349269358112757u }, { 18061610662226169046u, 2208558830972980411u },

  { 10759939715039024913u, 1766847064778384329u }, { 12297300586773130254u, 1413477651822707463u },

  { 15986332124095098083u, 2261564242916331941u }, {  9099716884534168143u, 1809251394333065553u },

  { 14658471137111155161u, 1447401115466452442u }, {  4348079280205103483u, 1157920892373161954u },

  { 14335624477811986218u, 1852673427797059126u }, {  7779150767507678651u, 1482138742237647301u },

  {  2533971799264232598u, 1185710993790117841u }, { 15122401323048503126u, 1897137590064188545u },

  { 12097921058438802501u, 1517710072051350836u }, {  5988988032009131678u, 1214168057641080669u },

  { 16961078480698431330u, 1942668892225729070u }, { 13568862784558745064u, 1554135113780583256u },

  {  7165741412905085728u, 1243308091024466605u }, { 11465186260648137165u, 1989292945639146568u },

  { 16550846638002330379u, 1591434356511317254u }, { 16930026125143774626u, 1273147485209053803u },

  {  4951948911778577463u, 2037035976334486086u }, {   272210314680951647u, 1629628781067588869u },

  {  3907117066486671641u, 1303703024854071095u }, {  6251387306378674625u, 2085924839766513752u },

  { 16069156289328670670u, 1668739871813211001u }, {  9165976216721026213u, 1334991897450568801u },

  {  7286864317269821294u, 2135987035920910082u }, { 16897537898041588005u, 1708789628736728065u },

  { 13518030318433270404u, 1367031702989382452u }, {  6871453250525591353u, 2187250724783011924u },

  {  9186511415162383406u, 1749800579826409539u }, { 11038557946871817048u, 1399840463861127631u },

  { 10282995085511086630u, 2239744742177804210u }, {  8226396068408869304u, 1791795793742243368u },

  { 13959814484210916090u, 1433436634993794694u }, { 11267656730511734774u, 2293498615990071511u },

  {  5324776569667477496u, 1834798892792057209u }, {  7949170070475892320u, 1467839114233645767u },

  { 17427382500606444826u, 1174271291386916613u }, {  5747719112518849781u, 1878834066219066582u },

  { 15666221734240810795u, 1503067252975253265u }, { 12532977387392648636u, 1202453802380202612u },

  {  5295368560860596524u, 1923926083808324180u }, {  4236294848688477220u, 1539140867046659344u },

  {  7078384693692692099u, 1231312693637327475u }, { 11325415509908307358u, 1970100309819723960u },

  {  9060332407926645887u, 1576080247855779168u }, { 14626963555825137356u, 1260864198284623334u },

  { 12335095245094488799u, 2017382717255397335u }, {  9868076196075591040u, 1613906173804317868u },

  { 15273158586344293478u, 1291124939043454294u }, { 13369007293925138595u, 2065799902469526871u },

  {  7005857020398200553u, 1652639921975621497u }, { 16672732060544291412u, 1322111937580497197u },

  { 11918976037903224966u, 2115379100128795516u }, {  5845832015580669650u, 1692303280103036413u },

  { 12055363241948356366u, 1353842624082429130u }, {   841837113407818570u, 2166148198531886609u },

  {  4362818505468165179u, 1732918558825509287u }, { 14558301248600263113u, 1386334847060407429u },

  { 12225235553534690011u, 2218135755296651887u }, {  2401490813343931363u, 1774508604237321510u },

  {  1921192650675145090u, 1419606883389857208u }, { 17831303500047873437u, 2271371013423771532u },

  {  6886345170554478103u, 1817096810739017226u }, {  1819727321701672159u, 1453677448591213781u },

  { 16213177116328979020u, 1162941958872971024u }, { 14873036941900635463u, 1860707134196753639u },

  { 15587778368262418694u, 1488565707357402911u }, {  8780873879868024632u, 1190852565885922329u },

  {  2981351763563108441u, 1905364105417475727u }, { 13453127855076217722u, 1524291284333980581u },

  {  7073153469319063855u, 1219433027467184465u }, { 11317045550910502167u, 1951092843947495144u },

  { 12742985255470312057u, 1560874275157996115u }, { 10194388204376249646u, 1248699420126396892u },

  {  1553625868034358140u, 1997919072202235028u }, {  8621598323911307159u, 1598335257761788022u },

  { 17965325103354776697u, 1278668206209430417u }, { 13987124906400001422u, 2045869129935088668u },

  {   121653480894270168u, 1636695303948070935u }, {    97322784715416134u, 1309356243158456748u },

  { 14913111714512307107u, 2094969989053530796u }, {  8241140556867935363u, 1675975991242824637u },

  { 17660958889720079260u, 1340780792994259709u }, { 17189487779326395846u, 2145249268790815535u },

  { 13751590223461116677u, 1716199415032652428u }, { 18379969808252713988u, 1372959532026121942u },

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  { 11589965406756634890u, 1405910560794748869u }, {  7475898206584884855u, 2249456897271598191u },

  {  2291369750525997561u, 1799565517817278553u }, {  9211793429904618695u, 1439652414253822842u },

  { 18428218302589300235u, 2303443862806116547u }, {  7363877012587619542u, 1842755090244893238u },

  { 13269799239553916280u, 1474204072195914590u }, { 10615839391643133024u, 1179363257756731672u },

  {  2227947767661371545u, 1886981212410770676u }, { 16539753473096738529u, 1509584969928616540u },

  { 13231802778477390823u, 1207667975942893232u }, {  6413489186596184024u, 1932268761508629172u },

  { 16198837793502678189u, 1545815009206903337u }, {  5580372605318321905u, 1236652007365522670u },

  {  8928596168509315048u, 1978643211784836272u }, { 18210923379033183008u, 1582914569427869017u },

  {  7190041073742725760u, 1266331655542295214u }, {   436019273762630246u, 2026130648867672343u },

  {  7727513048493924843u, 1620904519094137874u }, {  9871359253537050198u, 1296723615275310299u },

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  {  3483374466074094362u, 1392346379889585943u }, {  1884050330976640656u, 2227754207823337509u },

  {  5196589079523222848u, 1782203366258670007u }, { 15225317707844309248u, 1425762693006936005u },

  {  5913764258841343181u, 2281220308811097609u }, {  8420360221814984868u, 1824976247048878087u },

  { 17804334621677718864u, 1459980997639102469u }, { 17932816512084085415u, 1167984798111281975u },

  { 10245762345624985047u, 1868775676978051161u }, {  4507261061758077715u, 1495020541582440929u },

  {  7295157664148372495u, 1196016433265952743u }, {  7982903447895485668u, 1913626293225524389u },

  { 10075671573058298858u, 1530901034580419511u }, {  4371188443704728763u, 1224720827664335609u },

  { 14372599139411386667u, 1959553324262936974u }, { 15187428126271019657u, 1567642659410349579u },

  { 15839291315758726049u, 1254114127528279663u }, {  3206773216762499739u, 2006582604045247462u },

  { 13633465017635730761u, 1605266083236197969u }, { 14596120828850494932u, 1284212866588958375u },

  {  4907049252451240275u, 2054740586542333401u }, {   236290587219081897u, 1643792469233866721u },

  { 14946427728742906810u, 1315033975387093376u }, { 16535586736504830250u, 2104054360619349402u },

  {  5849771759720043554u, 1683243488495479522u }, { 15747863852001765813u, 1346594790796383617u },

  { 10439186904235184007u, 2154551665274213788u }, { 15730047152871967852u, 1723641332219371030u },

  { 12584037722297574282u, 1378913065775496824u }, {  9066413911450387881u, 2206260905240794919u },

  { 10942479943902220628u, 1765008724192635935u }, {  8753983955121776503u, 1412006979354108748u },

  { 10317025513452932081u, 2259211166966573997u }, {   874922781278525018u, 1807368933573259198u },

  {  8078635854506640661u, 1445895146858607358u }, { 13841606313089133175u, 1156716117486885886u },

  { 14767872471458792434u, 1850745787979017418u }, {   746251532941302978u, 1480596630383213935u },

  {   597001226353042382u, 1184477304306571148u }, { 15712597221132509104u, 1895163686890513836u },

  {  8880728962164096960u, 1516130949512411069u }, { 10793931984473187891u, 1212904759609928855u },

  { 17270291175157100626u, 1940647615375886168u }, {  2748186495899949531u, 1552518092300708935u },

  {  2198549196719959625u, 1242014473840567148u }, { 18275073973719576693u, 1987223158144907436u },

  { 10930710364233751031u, 1589778526515925949u }, { 12433917106128911148u, 1271822821212740759u },

  {  8826220925580526867u, 2034916513940385215u }, {  7060976740464421494u, 1627933211152308172u },

  { 16716827836597268165u, 1302346568921846537u }, { 11989529279587987770u, 2083754510274954460u },

  {  9591623423670390216u, 1667003608219963568u }, { 15051996368420132820u, 1333602886575970854u },

  { 13015147745246481542u, 2133764618521553367u }, {  3033420566713364587u, 1707011694817242694u },

  {  6116085268112601993u, 1365609355853794155u }, {  9785736428980163188u, 2184974969366070648u },

  { 15207286772667951197u, 1747979975492856518u }, {  1097782973908629988u, 1398383980394285215u },

  {  1756452758253807981u, 2237414368630856344u }, {  5094511021344956708u, 1789931494904685075u },

  {  4075608817075965366u, 1431945195923748060u }, {  6520974107321544586u, 2291112313477996896u },

  {  1527430471115325346u, 1832889850782397517u }, { 12289990821117991246u, 1466311880625918013u },

  { 17210690286378213644u, 1173049504500734410u }, {  9090360384495590213u, 1876879207201175057u },

  { 18340334751822203140u, 1501503365760940045u }, { 14672267801457762512u, 1201202692608752036u },

  { 16096930852848599373u, 1921924308174003258u }, {  1809498238053148529u, 1537539446539202607u },

  { 12515645034668249793u, 1230031557231362085u }, {  1578287981759648052u, 1968050491570179337u },

  { 12330676829633449412u, 1574440393256143469u }, { 13553890278448669853u, 1259552314604914775u },

  {  3239480371808320148u, 2015283703367863641u }, { 17348979556414297411u, 1612226962694290912u },

  {  6500486015647617283u, 1289781570155432730u }, { 10400777625036187652u, 2063650512248692368u },

  { 15699319729512770768u, 1650920409798953894u }, { 16248804598352126938u, 1320736327839163115u },

  {  7551343283653851484u, 2113178124542660985u }, {  6041074626923081187u, 1690542499634128788u },

  { 12211557331022285596u, 1352433999707303030u }, {  1091747655926105338u, 2163894399531684849u },

  {  4562746939482794594u, 1731115519625347879u }, {  7339546366328145998u, 1384892415700278303u },

  {  8053925371383123274u, 2215827865120445285u }, {  6443140297106498619u, 1772662292096356228u },

  { 12533209867169019542u, 1418129833677084982u }, {  5295740528502789974u, 2269007733883335972u },

  { 15304638867027962949u, 1815206187106668777u }, {  4865013464138549713u, 1452164949685335022u },

  { 14960057215536570740u, 1161731959748268017u }, {  9178696285890871890u, 1858771135597228828u },

  { 14721654658196518159u, 1487016908477783062u }, {  4398626097073393881u, 1189613526782226450u },

  {  7037801755317430209u, 1903381642851562320u }, {  5630241404253944167u, 1522705314281249856u },

  {   814844308661245011u, 1218164251424999885u }, {  1303750893857992017u, 1949062802279999816u },

  { 15800395974054034906u, 1559250241823999852u }, {  5261619149759407279u, 1247400193459199882u },

  { 12107939454356961969u, 1995840309534719811u }, {  5997002748743659252u, 1596672247627775849u },

  {  8486951013736837725u, 1277337798102220679u }, {  2511075177753209390u, 2043740476963553087u },

  { 13076906586428298482u, 1634992381570842469u }, { 14150874083884549109u, 1307993905256673975u },

  {  4194654460505726958u, 2092790248410678361u }, { 18113118827372222859u, 1674232198728542688u },

  {  3422448617672047318u, 1339385758982834151u }, { 16543964232501006678u, 2143017214372534641u },

  {  9545822571258895019u, 1714413771498027713u }, { 15015355686490936662u, 1371531017198422170u },

  {  5577825024675947042u, 2194449627517475473u }, { 11840957649224578280u, 1755559702013980378u },

  { 16851463748863483271u, 1404447761611184302u }, { 12204946739213931940u, 2247116418577894884u },

  { 13453306206113055875u, 1797693134862315907u }, {  3383947335406624054u, 1438154507889852726u },

  { 16482362180876329456u, 2301047212623764361u }, {  9496540929959153242u, 1840837770099011489u },

  { 11286581558709232917u, 1472670216079209191u }, {  5339916432225476010u, 1178136172863367353u },

  {  4854517476818851293u, 1885017876581387765u }, {  3883613981455081034u, 1508014301265110212u },

  { 14174937629389795797u, 1206411441012088169u }, { 11611853762797942306u, 1930258305619341071u },

  {  5600134195496443521u, 1544206644495472857u }, { 15548153800622885787u, 1235365315596378285u },

  {  6430302007287065643u, 1976584504954205257u }, { 16212288050055383484u, 1581267603963364205u },

  { 12969830440044306787u, 1265014083170691364u }, {  9683682259845159889u, 2024022533073106183u },

  { 15125643437359948558u, 1619218026458484946u }, {  8411165935146048523u, 1295374421166787957u },

  { 17147214310975587960u, 2072599073866860731u }, { 10028422634038560045u, 1658079259093488585u },

  {  8022738107230848036u, 1326463407274790868u }, {  9147032156827446534u, 2122341451639665389u },

  { 11006974540203867551u, 1697873161311732311u }, {  5116230817421183718u, 1358298529049385849u },

  { 15564666937357714594u, 2173277646479017358u }, {  1383687105660440706u, 1738622117183213887u },

  { 12174996128754083534u, 1390897693746571109u }, {  8411947361780802685u, 2225436309994513775u },

  {  6729557889424642148u, 1780349047995611020u }, {  5383646311539713719u, 1424279238396488816u },

  {  1235136468979721303u, 2278846781434382106u }, { 15745504434151418335u, 1823077425147505684u },

  { 16285752362063044992u, 1458461940118004547u }, {  5649904260166615347u, 1166769552094403638u },

  {  5350498001524674232u, 1866831283351045821u }, {   591049586477829062u, 1493465026680836657u },

  { 11540886113407994219u, 1194772021344669325u }, {    18673707743239135u, 1911635234151470921u },

  { 14772334225162232601u, 1529308187321176736u }, {  8128518565387875758u, 1223446549856941389u },

  {  1937583260394870242u, 1957514479771106223u }, {  8928764237799716840u, 1566011583816884978u },

  { 14521709019723594119u, 1252809267053507982u }, {  8477339172590109297u, 2004494827285612772u },

  { 17849917782297818407u, 1603595861828490217u }, {  6901236596354434079u, 1282876689462792174u },

  { 18420676183650915173u, 2052602703140467478u }, {  3668494502695001169u, 1642082162512373983u },

  { 10313493231639821582u, 1313665730009899186u }, {  9122891541139893884u, 2101865168015838698u },

  { 14677010862395735754u, 1681492134412670958u }, {   673562245690857633u, 1345193707530136767u }

};

static const uint64_t DOUBLE_POW5_SPLIT[DOUBLE_POW5_TABLE_SIZE][2] = {

  {                    0u, 1152921504606846976u }, {                    0u, 1441151880758558720u },

  {                    0u, 1801439850948198400u }, {                    0u, 2251799813685248000u },

  {                    0u, 1407374883553280000u }, {                    0u, 1759218604441600000u },

  {                    0u, 2199023255552000000u }, {                    0u, 1374389534720000000u },

  {                    0u, 1717986918400000000u }, {                    0u, 2147483648000000000u },

  {                    0u, 1342177280000000000u }, {                    0u, 1677721600000000000u },

  {                    0u, 2097152000000000000u }, {                    0u, 1310720000000000000u },

  {                    0u, 1638400000000000000u }, {                    0u, 2048000000000000000u },

  {                    0u, 1280000000000000000u }, {                    0u, 1600000000000000000u },

  {                    0u, 2000000000000000000u }, {                    0u, 1250000000000000000u },

  {                    0u, 1562500000000000000u }, {                    0u, 1953125000000000000u },

  {                    0u, 1220703125000000000u }, {                    0u, 1525878906250000000u },

  {                    0u, 1907348632812500000u }, {                    0u, 1192092895507812500u },

  {                    0u, 1490116119384765625u }, {  4611686018427387904u, 1862645149230957031u },

  {  9799832789158199296u, 1164153218269348144u }, { 12249790986447749120u, 1455191522836685180u },

  { 15312238733059686400u, 1818989403545856475u }, { 14528612397897220096u, 2273736754432320594u },

  { 13692068767113150464u, 1421085471520200371u }, { 12503399940464050176u, 1776356839400250464u },

  { 15629249925580062720u, 2220446049250313080u }, {  9768281203487539200u, 1387778780781445675u },

  {  7598665485932036096u, 1734723475976807094u }, {   274959820560269312u, 2168404344971008868u },

  {  9395221924704944128u, 1355252715606880542u }, {  2520655369026404352u, 1694065894508600678u },

  { 12374191248137781248u, 2117582368135750847u }, { 14651398557727195136u, 1323488980084844279u },

  { 13702562178731606016u, 1654361225106055349u }, {  3293144668132343808u, 2067951531382569187u },

  { 18199116482078572544u, 1292469707114105741u }, {  8913837547316051968u, 1615587133892632177u },

  { 15753982952572452864u, 2019483917365790221u }, { 12152082354571476992u, 1262177448353618888u },

  { 15190102943214346240u, 1577721810442023610u }, {  9764256642163156992u, 1972152263052529513u },

  { 17631875447420442880u, 1232595164407830945u }, {  8204786253993389888u, 1540743955509788682u },

  {  1032610780636961552u, 1925929944387235853u }, {  2951224747111794922u, 1203706215242022408u },

  {  3689030933889743652u, 1504632769052528010u }, { 13834660704216955373u, 1880790961315660012u },

  { 17870034976990372916u, 1175494350822287507u }, { 17725857702810578241u, 1469367938527859384u },

  {  3710578054803671186u, 1836709923159824231u }, {    26536550077201078u, 2295887403949780289u },

  { 11545800389866720434u, 1434929627468612680u }, { 14432250487333400542u, 1793662034335765850u },

  {  8816941072311974870u, 2242077542919707313u }, { 17039803216263454053u, 1401298464324817070u },

  { 12076381983474541759u, 1751623080406021338u }, {  5872105442488401391u, 2189528850507526673u },

  { 15199280947623720629u, 1368455531567204170u }, {  9775729147674874978u, 1710569414459005213u },

  { 16831347453020981627u, 2138211768073756516u }, {  1296220121283337709u, 1336382355046097823u },

  { 15455333206886335848u, 1670477943807622278u }, { 10095794471753144002u, 2088097429759527848u },

  {  6309871544845715001u, 1305060893599704905u }, { 12499025449484531656u, 1631326116999631131u },

  { 11012095793428276666u, 2039157646249538914u }, { 11494245889320060820u, 1274473528905961821u },

  {   532749306367912313u, 1593091911132452277u }, {  5277622651387278295u, 1991364888915565346u },

  {  7910200175544436838u, 1244603055572228341u }, { 14499436237857933952u, 1555753819465285426u },

  {  8900923260467641632u, 1944692274331606783u }, { 12480606065433357876u, 1215432671457254239u },

  { 10989071563364309441u, 1519290839321567799u }, {  9124653435777998898u, 1899113549151959749u },

  {  8008751406574943263u, 1186945968219974843u }, {  5399253239791291175u, 1483682460274968554u },

  { 15972438586593889776u, 1854603075343710692u }, {   759402079766405302u, 1159126922089819183u },

  { 14784310654990170340u, 1448908652612273978u }, {  9257016281882937117u, 1811135815765342473u },

  { 16182956370781059300u, 2263919769706678091u }, {  7808504722524468110u, 1414949856066673807u },

  {  5148944884728197234u, 1768687320083342259u }, {  1824495087482858639u, 2210859150104177824u },

  {  1140309429676786649u, 1381786968815111140u }, {  1425386787095983311u, 1727233711018888925u },

  {  6393419502297367043u, 2159042138773611156u }, { 13219259225790630210u, 1349401336733506972u },

  { 16524074032238287762u, 1686751670916883715u }, { 16043406521870471799u, 2108439588646104644u },

  {   803757039314269066u, 1317774742903815403u }, { 14839754354425000045u, 1647218428629769253u },

  {  4714634887749086344u, 2059023035787211567u }, {  9864175832484260821u, 1286889397367007229u },

  { 16941905809032713930u, 1608611746708759036u }, {  2730638187581340797u, 2010764683385948796u },

  { 10930020904093113806u, 1256727927116217997u }, { 18274212148543780162u, 1570909908895272496u },

  {  4396021111970173586u, 1963637386119090621u }, {  5053356204195052443u, 1227273366324431638u },

  { 15540067292098591362u, 1534091707905539547u }, { 14813398096695851299u, 1917614634881924434u },

  { 13870059828862294966u, 1198509146801202771u }, { 12725888767650480803u, 1498136433501503464u },

  { 15907360959563101004u, 1872670541876879330u }, { 14553786618154326031u, 1170419088673049581u },

  {  4357175217410743827u, 1463023860841311977u }, { 10058155040190817688u, 1828779826051639971u },

  {  7961007781811134206u, 2285974782564549964u }, { 14199001900486734687u, 1428734239102843727u },

  { 13137066357181030455u, 1785917798878554659u }, { 11809646928048900164u, 2232397248598193324u },

  { 16604401366885338411u, 1395248280373870827u }, { 16143815690179285109u, 1744060350467338534u },

  { 10956397575869330579u, 2180075438084173168u }, {  6847748484918331612u, 1362547148802608230u },

  { 17783057643002690323u, 1703183936003260287u }, { 17617136035325974999u, 2128979920004075359u },

  { 17928239049719816230u, 1330612450002547099u }, { 17798612793722382384u, 1663265562503183874u },

  { 13024893955298202172u, 2079081953128979843u }, {  5834715712847682405u, 1299426220705612402u },

  { 16516766677914378815u, 1624282775882015502u }, { 11422586310538197711u, 2030353469852519378u },

  { 11750802462513761473u, 1268970918657824611u }, { 10076817059714813937u, 1586213648322280764u },

  { 12596021324643517422u, 1982767060402850955u }, {  5566670318688504437u, 1239229412751781847u },

  {  2346651879933242642u, 1549036765939727309u }, {  7545000868343941206u, 1936295957424659136u },

  {  4715625542714963254u, 1210184973390411960u }, {  5894531928393704067u, 1512731216738014950u },

  { 16591536947346905892u, 1890914020922518687u }, { 17287239619732898039u, 1181821263076574179u },

  { 16997363506238734644u, 1477276578845717724u }, {  2799960309088866689u, 1846595723557147156u },

  { 10973347230035317489u, 1154122327223216972u }, { 13716684037544146861u, 1442652909029021215u },

  { 12534169028502795672u, 1803316136286276519u }, { 11056025267201106687u, 2254145170357845649u },

  { 18439230838069161439u, 1408840731473653530u }, { 13825666510731675991u, 1761050914342066913u },

  {  3447025083132431277u, 2201313642927583642u }, {  6766076695385157452u, 1375821026829739776u },

  {  8457595869231446815u, 1719776283537174720u }, { 10571994836539308519u, 2149720354421468400u },

  {  6607496772837067824u, 1343575221513417750u }, { 17482743002901110588u, 1679469026891772187u },

  { 17241742735199000331u, 2099336283614715234u }, { 15387775227926763111u, 1312085177259197021u },

  {  5399660979626290177u, 1640106471573996277u }, { 11361262242960250625u, 2050133089467495346u },

  { 11712474920277544544u, 1281333180917184591u }, { 10028907631919542777u, 1601666476146480739u },

  {  7924448521472040567u, 2002083095183100924u }, { 14176152362774801162u, 1251301934489438077u },

  {  3885132398186337741u, 1564127418111797597u }, {  9468101516160310080u, 1955159272639746996u },

  { 15140935484454969608u, 1221974545399841872u }, {   479425281859160394u, 1527468181749802341u },

  {  5210967620751338397u, 1909335227187252926u }, { 17091912818251750210u, 1193334516992033078u },

  { 12141518985959911954u, 1491668146240041348u }, { 15176898732449889943u, 1864585182800051685u },

  { 11791404716994875166u, 1165365739250032303u }, { 10127569877816206054u, 1456707174062540379u },

  {  8047776328842869663u, 1820883967578175474u }, {   836348374198811271u, 2276104959472719343u },

  {  7440246761515338900u, 1422565599670449589u }, { 13911994470321561530u, 1778206999588061986u },

  {  8166621051047176104u, 2222758749485077483u }, {  2798295147690791113u, 1389224218428173427u },

  { 17332926989895652603u, 1736530273035216783u }, { 17054472718942177850u, 2170662841294020979u },

  {  8353202440125167204u, 1356664275808763112u }, { 10441503050156459005u, 1695830344760953890u },

  {  3828506775840797949u, 2119787930951192363u }, {    86973725686804766u, 1324867456844495227u },

  { 13943775212390669669u, 1656084321055619033u }, {  3594660960206173375u, 2070105401319523792u },

  {  2246663100128858359u, 1293815875824702370u }, { 12031700912015848757u, 1617269844780877962u },

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  { 13606538515115052232u, 1166579523129023598u }, {  7784801107039039482u, 1458224403911279498u },

  {   507629346944023544u, 1822780504889099373u }, {  5246222702107417334u, 2278475631111374216u },

  {  3278889188817135834u, 1424047269444608885u }, {  8710297504448807696u, 1780059086805761106u }

};

// IEEE 754 double precision constants

#define DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS 52

#define DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BITS 11

#define DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BIAS 1023

// Helper: floor(log2(value)) using ryu_leading_zeros64

static inline uint32_t floor_log2(const uint64_t value) {

  return 63 - ryu_leading_zeros64(value);

}

// Helper: log2(5^e) approximation

static inline int32_t log2pow5(const int32_t e) {

  return (int32_t) ((((uint32_t) e) * 1217359) >> 19);

}

// Helper: ceil(log2(5^e))

static inline int32_t ceil_log2pow5(const int32_t e) {

  return log2pow5(e) + 1;

}

// Helper: max of two int32

static inline int32_t max32(int32_t a, int32_t b) {

  return a < b ? b : a;

}

// Helper: convert uint64 bits to double

static inline double int64Bits2Double(uint64_t bits) {

  double f;

  memcpy(&f, &bits, sizeof(double));

  return f;

}

// Check if value is multiple of 2^p

static inline bool multipleOfPowerOf2(const uint64_t value, const uint32_t p) {

  return (value & ((1ull << p) - 1)) == 0;

}

// Count how many times value is divisible by 5

// Uses modular inverse to avoid expensive division

static inline uint32_t pow5Factor(uint64_t value) {

  const uint64_t m_inv_5 = 14757395258967641293u; // 5 * m_inv_5 = 1 (mod 2^64)

  const uint64_t n_div_5 = 3689348814741910323u;  // 2^64 / 5

  uint32_t count = 0;

  for (;;) {

    value *= m_inv_5;

    if (value > n_div_5)

      break;

    ++count;

  }

  return count;

}

// Check if value is multiple of 5^p

// Optimized: uses modular inverse instead of division

static inline bool multipleOfPowerOf5(const uint64_t value, const uint32_t p) {

  return pow5Factor(value) >= p;

}

// 128-bit multiplication with shift

// This is the core operation for converting decimal to binary

#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)

// Use native 128-bit integers if available (GCC/Clang)

static inline uint64_t mulShift64(const uint64_t m, const uint64_t* const mul, const int32_t j) {

  const unsigned __int128 b0 = ((unsigned __int128) m) * mul[0];

  const unsigned __int128 b2 = ((unsigned __int128) m) * mul[1];

  return (uint64_t) (((b0 >> 64) + b2) >> (j - 64));

}

#else

// Fallback for systems without 128-bit integers

static inline uint64_t umul128(const uint64_t a, const uint64_t b, uint64_t* const productHi) {

  const uint32_t aLo = (uint32_t)a;

  const uint32_t aHi = (uint32_t)(a >> 32);

  const uint32_t bLo = (uint32_t)b;

  const uint32_t bHi = (uint32_t)(b >> 32);

  const uint64_t b00 = (uint64_t)aLo * bLo;

  const uint64_t b01 = (uint64_t)aLo * bHi;

  const uint64_t b10 = (uint64_t)aHi * bLo;

  const uint64_t b11 = (uint64_t)aHi * bHi;

  const uint32_t b00Lo = (uint32_t)b00;

  const uint32_t b00Hi = (uint32_t)(b00 >> 32);

  const uint64_t mid1 = b10 + b00Hi;

  const uint32_t mid1Lo = (uint32_t)(mid1);

  const uint32_t mid1Hi = (uint32_t)(mid1 >> 32);

  const uint64_t mid2 = b01 + mid1Lo;

  const uint32_t mid2Lo = (uint32_t)(mid2);

  const uint32_t mid2Hi = (uint32_t)(mid2 >> 32);

  const uint64_t pHi = b11 + mid1Hi + mid2Hi;

  const uint64_t pLo = ((uint64_t)mid2Lo << 32) | b00Lo;

  *productHi = pHi;

  return pLo;

}

static inline uint64_t shiftright128(const uint64_t lo, const uint64_t hi, const uint32_t dist) {

  return (hi << (64 - dist)) | (lo >> dist);

}

static inline uint64_t mulShift64(const uint64_t m, const uint64_t* const mul, const int32_t j) {

  uint64_t high1;

  const uint64_t low1 = umul128(m, mul[1], &high1);

  uint64_t high0;

  umul128(m, mul[0], &high0);

  const uint64_t sum = high0 + low1;

  if (sum < high0) {

    ++high1;

  }

  return shiftright128(sum, high1, j - 64);

}

#endif

// Main conversion function: decimal mantissa+exponent to IEEE 754 double

// Optimized for JSON parsing with fast paths for edge cases

static inline double ryu_s2d_from_parts(uint64_t m10, int m10digits, int32_t e10, bool signedM) {

  // Fast path: handle zero explicitly (e.g., "0.0", "0e0")

  if (m10 == 0) {

    return int64Bits2Double(((uint64_t) signedM) << 63);

  }

  // Fast path: handle overflow/underflow early

  if (m10digits + e10 <= -324) {

    // Underflow to zero

    return int64Bits2Double(((uint64_t) signedM) << 63);

  }

  if (m10digits + e10 >= 310) {

    // Overflow to infinity

    return int64Bits2Double((((uint64_t) signedM) << 63) | 0x7ff0000000000000ULL);

  }

  // Convert decimal to binary: m10 * 10^e10 = m2 * 2^e2

  int32_t e2;

  uint64_t m2;

  bool trailingZeros;

  if (e10 >= 0) {

    // Positive exponent: multiply by 5^e10 and adjust binary exponent

    e2 = floor_log2(m10) + e10 + log2pow5(e10) - (DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS + 1);

    int j = e2 - e10 - ceil_log2pow5(e10) + DOUBLE_POW5_BITCOUNT;

    m2 = mulShift64(m10, DOUBLE_POW5_SPLIT[e10], j);

    trailingZeros = e2 < e10 || (e2 - e10 < 64 && multipleOfPowerOf2(m10, e2 - e10));

  } else {

    // Negative exponent: divide by 5^(-e10)

    e2 = floor_log2(m10) + e10 - ceil_log2pow5(-e10) - (DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS + 1);

    int j = e2 - e10 + ceil_log2pow5(-e10) - 1 + DOUBLE_POW5_INV_BITCOUNT;

    m2 = mulShift64(m10, DOUBLE_POW5_INV_SPLIT[-e10], j);

    trailingZeros = multipleOfPowerOf5(m10, -e10);

  }

  // Compute IEEE 754 exponent

  uint32_t ieee_e2 = (uint32_t) max32(0, e2 + DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BIAS + floor_log2(m2));

  if (ieee_e2 > 0x7fe) {

    // Overflow to infinity

    return int64Bits2Double((((uint64_t) signedM) << 63) | 0x7ff0000000000000ULL);

  }

  // Compute shift amount for rounding

  int32_t shift = (ieee_e2 == 0 ? 1 : ieee_e2) - e2 - DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BIAS - DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS;

  // IEEE 754 round-to-even (banker's rounding)

  trailingZeros &= (m2 & ((1ull << (shift - 1)) - 1)) == 0;

  uint64_t lastRemovedBit = (m2 >> (shift - 1)) & 1;

  bool roundUp = (lastRemovedBit != 0) && (!trailingZeros || (((m2 >> shift) & 1) != 0));

  uint64_t ieee_m2 = (m2 >> shift) + roundUp;

  ieee_m2 &= (1ull << DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS) - 1;

  if (ieee_m2 == 0 && roundUp) {

    ieee_e2++;

  }

  // Pack sign, exponent, and mantissa into IEEE 754 format

  // Match original Ryu: group sign+exponent, then shift and add mantissa

  uint64_t ieee = (((((uint64_t) signedM) << DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BITS) | (uint64_t)ieee_e2) << DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS) | ieee_m2;

  return int64Bits2Double(ieee);

}

#endif // RYU_H