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1# sql/expression.py 

2# Copyright (C) 2005-2026 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors 

3# <see AUTHORS file> 

4# 

5# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under 

6# the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php 

7 

8"""Defines the public namespace for SQL expression constructs.""" 

9 

10 

11from __future__ import annotations 

12 

13from ._dml_constructors import delete as delete 

14from ._dml_constructors import insert as insert 

15from ._dml_constructors import update as update 

16from ._elements_constructors import aggregate_order_by as aggregate_order_by 

17from ._elements_constructors import all_ as all_ 

18from ._elements_constructors import and_ as and_ 

19from ._elements_constructors import any_ as any_ 

20from ._elements_constructors import asc as asc 

21from ._elements_constructors import between as between 

22from ._elements_constructors import bindparam as bindparam 

23from ._elements_constructors import bitwise_not as bitwise_not 

24from ._elements_constructors import case as case 

25from ._elements_constructors import cast as cast 

26from ._elements_constructors import collate as collate 

27from ._elements_constructors import column as column 

28from ._elements_constructors import desc as desc 

29from ._elements_constructors import distinct as distinct 

30from ._elements_constructors import extract as extract 

31from ._elements_constructors import false as false 

32from ._elements_constructors import from_dml_column as from_dml_column 

33from ._elements_constructors import funcfilter as funcfilter 

34from ._elements_constructors import label as label 

35from ._elements_constructors import not_ as not_ 

36from ._elements_constructors import null as null 

37from ._elements_constructors import nulls_first as nulls_first 

38from ._elements_constructors import nulls_last as nulls_last 

39from ._elements_constructors import or_ as or_ 

40from ._elements_constructors import outparam as outparam 

41from ._elements_constructors import over as over 

42from ._elements_constructors import text as text 

43from ._elements_constructors import true as true 

44from ._elements_constructors import try_cast as try_cast 

45from ._elements_constructors import tstring as tstring 

46from ._elements_constructors import tuple_ as tuple_ 

47from ._elements_constructors import type_coerce as type_coerce 

48from ._elements_constructors import within_group as within_group 

49from ._selectable_constructors import alias as alias 

50from ._selectable_constructors import cte as cte 

51from ._selectable_constructors import except_ as except_ 

52from ._selectable_constructors import except_all as except_all 

53from ._selectable_constructors import exists as exists 

54from ._selectable_constructors import intersect as intersect 

55from ._selectable_constructors import intersect_all as intersect_all 

56from ._selectable_constructors import join as join 

57from ._selectable_constructors import lateral as lateral 

58from ._selectable_constructors import outerjoin as outerjoin 

59from ._selectable_constructors import select as select 

60from ._selectable_constructors import table as table 

61from ._selectable_constructors import tablesample as tablesample 

62from ._selectable_constructors import union as union 

63from ._selectable_constructors import union_all as union_all 

64from ._selectable_constructors import values as values 

65from ._typing import ColumnExpressionArgument as ColumnExpressionArgument 

66from .base import _from_objects as _from_objects 

67from .base import _select_iterables as _select_iterables 

68from .base import ColumnCollection as ColumnCollection 

69from .base import Executable as Executable 

70from .base import ExecutableStatement as ExecutableStatement 

71from .base import WriteableColumnCollection as WriteableColumnCollection 

72from .cache_key import CacheKey as CacheKey 

73from .dml import Delete as Delete 

74from .dml import Insert as Insert 

75from .dml import Update as Update 

76from .dml import UpdateBase as UpdateBase 

77from .dml import ValuesBase as ValuesBase 

78from .elements import _truncated_label as _truncated_label 

79from .elements import AggregateOrderBy as AggregateOrderBy 

80from .elements import BinaryExpression as BinaryExpression 

81from .elements import BindParameter as BindParameter 

82from .elements import BooleanClauseList as BooleanClauseList 

83from .elements import Case as Case 

84from .elements import Cast as Cast 

85from .elements import ClauseElement as ClauseElement 

86from .elements import ClauseList as ClauseList 

87from .elements import CollectionAggregate as CollectionAggregate 

88from .elements import ColumnClause as ColumnClause 

89from .elements import ColumnElement as ColumnElement 

90from .elements import DMLTargetCopy as DMLTargetCopy 

91from .elements import ExpressionClauseList as ExpressionClauseList 

92from .elements import Extract as Extract 

93from .elements import False_ as False_ 

94from .elements import FrameClause as FrameClause 

95from .elements import FrameClauseType as FrameClauseType 

96from .elements import FunctionFilter as FunctionFilter 

97from .elements import Grouping as Grouping 

98from .elements import Label as Label 

99from .elements import literal as literal 

100from .elements import literal_column as literal_column 

101from .elements import Null as Null 

102from .elements import OrderByList as OrderByList 

103from .elements import Over as Over 

104from .elements import quoted_name as quoted_name 

105from .elements import ReleaseSavepointClause as ReleaseSavepointClause 

106from .elements import RollbackToSavepointClause as RollbackToSavepointClause 

107from .elements import SavepointClause as SavepointClause 

108from .elements import SQLColumnExpression as SQLColumnExpression 

109from .elements import TextClause as TextClause 

110from .elements import True_ as True_ 

111from .elements import TryCast as TryCast 

112from .elements import TString as TString 

113from .elements import Tuple as Tuple 

114from .elements import TypeClause as TypeClause 

115from .elements import TypeCoerce as TypeCoerce 

116from .elements import UnaryExpression as UnaryExpression 

117from .elements import WithinGroup as WithinGroup 

118from .functions import func as func 

119from .functions import Function as Function 

120from .functions import FunctionElement as FunctionElement 

121from .functions import modifier as modifier 

122from .lambdas import lambda_stmt as lambda_stmt 

123from .lambdas import LambdaElement as LambdaElement 

124from .lambdas import StatementLambdaElement as StatementLambdaElement 

125from .operators import ColumnOperators as ColumnOperators 

126from .operators import custom_op as custom_op 

127from .operators import OperatorClass as OperatorClass 

128from .operators import Operators as Operators 

129from .selectable import Alias as Alias 

130from .selectable import AliasedReturnsRows as AliasedReturnsRows 

131from .selectable import CompoundSelect as CompoundSelect 

132from .selectable import CTE as CTE 

133from .selectable import Exists as Exists 

134from .selectable import FromClause as FromClause 

135from .selectable import FromGrouping as FromGrouping 

136from .selectable import GenerativeSelect as GenerativeSelect 

137from .selectable import HasCTE as HasCTE 

138from .selectable import HasPrefixes as HasPrefixes 

139from .selectable import HasSuffixes as HasSuffixes 

140from .selectable import Join as Join 

141from .selectable import LABEL_STYLE_DEFAULT as LABEL_STYLE_DEFAULT 

142from .selectable import ( 

143 LABEL_STYLE_DISAMBIGUATE_ONLY as LABEL_STYLE_DISAMBIGUATE_ONLY, 

144) 

145from .selectable import LABEL_STYLE_NONE as LABEL_STYLE_NONE 

146from .selectable import ( 

147 LABEL_STYLE_TABLENAME_PLUS_COL as LABEL_STYLE_TABLENAME_PLUS_COL, 

148) 

149from .selectable import Lateral as Lateral 

150from .selectable import ReturnsRows as ReturnsRows 

151from .selectable import ScalarSelect as ScalarSelect 

152from .selectable import ScalarValues as ScalarValues 

153from .selectable import Select as Select 

154from .selectable import Selectable as Selectable 

155from .selectable import SelectBase as SelectBase 

156from .selectable import SelectLabelStyle as SelectLabelStyle 

157from .selectable import Subquery as Subquery 

158from .selectable import TableClause as TableClause 

159from .selectable import TableSample as TableSample 

160from .selectable import TableValuedAlias as TableValuedAlias 

161from .selectable import TextAsFrom as TextAsFrom 

162from .selectable import TextualSelect as TextualSelect 

163from .selectable import Values as Values 

164from .visitors import Visitable as Visitable 

165 

166nullsfirst = nulls_first 

167"""Synonym for the :func:`.nulls_first` function.""" 

168 

169 

170nullslast = nulls_last 

171"""Synonym for the :func:`.nulls_last` function."""