/src/wireshark/epan/dissectors/packet-bacapp.c

Source
/* packet-bacapp.c
 * Routines for BACnet (APDU) dissection
 * Copyright 2001, Hartmut Mueller <hartmut[AT]abmlinux.org>, FH Dortmund
 * Enhanced by Steve Karg, 2005, <skarg[AT]users.sourceforge.net>, Atlanta
 * Enhanced by Herbert Lischka, 2005, <lischka[AT]kieback-peter.de>, Berlin
 * Enhanced by Felix Kraemer, 2010, <sauter-cumulus[AT]de.sauter-bc.com>,
 *  Sauter-Cumulus GmbH, Freiburg
 *
 * Wireshark - Network traffic analyzer
 * By Gerald Combs <gerald[AT]wireshark.org>
 * Copyright 1998 Gerald Combs
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 */

#include "config.h"

#include <epan/packet.h>
#include <epan/to_str.h>
#include <epan/strutil.h>
#include <epan/reassemble.h>
#include <epan/expert.h>
#include <epan/proto_data.h>
#include <epan/tfs.h>
#include <epan/stats_tree.h>
#include "packet-bacapp.h"
#include "data-bacnet.h"

static int bacapp_tap;

/* formerly bacapp.h  contains definitions and forward declarations */

/* BACnet PDU Types */
#define BACAPP_TYPE_CONFIRMED_SERVICE_REQUEST                   0
#define BACAPP_TYPE_UNCONFIRMED_SERVICE_REQUEST                 1
#define BACAPP_TYPE_SIMPLE_ACK                                  2
#define BACAPP_TYPE_COMPLEX_ACK                                 3
#define BACAPP_TYPE_SEGMENT_ACK                                 4
#define BACAPP_TYPE_ERROR                                       5
#define BACAPP_TYPE_REJECT                                      6
#define BACAPP_TYPE_ABORT                                       7
#define MAX_BACAPP_TYPE                                         8

#define BACAPP_SEGMENTED_REQUEST 0x08
#define BACAPP_MORE_SEGMENTS 0x04
#define BACAPP_SEGMENTED_RESPONSE 0x02
#define BACAPP_SEGMENT_NAK 0x02
#define BACAPP_SENT_BY 0x01

/**
 * dissect_bacapp ::= CHOICE {
 *  confirmed-request-PDU       [0] BACnet-Confirmed-Request-PDU,
 *  unconfirmed-request-PDU     [1] BACnet-Unconfirmed-Request-PDU,
 *  simpleACK-PDU               [2] BACnet-SimpleACK-PDU,
 *  complexACK-PDU              [3] BACnet-ComplexACK-PDU,
 *  segmentACK-PDU              [4] BACnet-SegmentACK-PDU,
 *  error-PDU                   [5] BACnet-Error-PDU,
 *  reject-PDU                  [6] BACnet-Reject-PDU,
 *  abort-PDU                   [7] BACnet-Abort-PDU
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 **/

/**
 * ConfirmedRequest-PDU ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  pdu-type                    [0] Unsigned (0..15), -- 0 for this PDU Type
 *  segmentedMessage            [1] BOOLEAN,
 *  moreFollows                 [2] BOOLEAN,
 *  segmented-response-accepted [3] BOOLEAN,
 *  reserved                    [4] Unsigned (0..3), -- must be set zero
 *  max-segments-accepted       [5] Unsigned (0..7), -- as per 20.1.2.4
 *  max-APDU-length-accepted    [5] Unsigned (0..15), -- as per 20.1.2.5
 *  invokeID                    [6] Unsigned (0..255),
 *  sequence-number             [7] Unsigned (0..255) OPTIONAL, -- only if segmented msg
 *  proposed-window-size        [8] Unsigned (0..127) OPTIONAL, -- only if segmented msg
 *  service-choice              [9] BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice,
 *  service-request             [10] BACnet-Confirmed-Service-Request OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fConfirmedRequestPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param ack - indicates whether working on request or ack
 * @param svc - output variable to return service choice
 * @param tt  - output varable to return service choice item
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fStartConfirmed(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, uint8_t ack,
                int *svc, proto_item **tt);

/**
 * Unconfirmed-Request-PDU ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  pdu-type        [0] Unsigned (0..15), -- 1 for this PDU type
 *  reserved        [1] Unsigned (0..15), -- must be set zero
 *  service-choice  [2] BACnetUnconfirmedServiceChoice,
 *  service-request [3] BACnetUnconfirmedServiceRequest -- Context-specific tags 0..3 are NOT used in header encoding
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fUnconfirmedRequestPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * SimpleACK-PDU ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  pdu-type            [0] Unsigned (0..15), -- 2 for this PDU type
 *  reserved            [1] Unsigned (0..15), -- must be set zero
 *  invokeID            [2] Unsigned (0..255),
 *  service-ACK-choice  [3] BACnetUnconfirmedServiceChoice -- Context-specific tags 0..3 are NOT used in header encoding
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSimpleAckPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ComplexACK-PDU ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  pdu-type                [0] Unsigned (0..15), -- 3 for this PDU Type
 *  segmentedMessage        [1] BOOLEAN,
 *  moreFollows             [2] BOOLEAN,
 *  reserved                [3] Unsigned (0..3), -- must be set zero
 *  invokeID                [4] Unsigned (0..255),
 *  sequence-number         [5] Unsigned (0..255) OPTIONAL, -- only if segmented msg
 *  proposed-window-size    [6] Unsigned (0..127) OPTIONAL, -- only if segmented msg
 *  service-ACK-choice      [7] BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice,
 *  service-ACK             [8] BACnet-Confirmed-Service-Request  -- Context-specific tags 0..8 are NOT used in header encoding
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fComplexAckPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * SegmentACK-PDU ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  pdu-type                [0] Unsigned (0..15), -- 4 for this PDU Type
 *  reserved                [1] Unsigned (0..3), -- must be set zero
 *  negative-ACK            [2] BOOLEAN,
 *  server                  [3] BOOLEAN,
 *  original-invokeID       [4] Unsigned (0..255),
 *  sequence-number         [5] Unsigned (0..255),
 *  actual-window-size      [6] Unsigned (0..127)
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSegmentAckPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * Error-PDU ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  pdu-type                [0] Unsigned (0..15), -- 5 for this PDU Type
 *  reserved                [1] Unsigned (0..3), -- must be set zero
 *  original-invokeID       [2] Unsigned (0..255),
 *  error-choice            [3] BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice,
 *  error                   [4] BACnet-Error
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fErrorPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * Reject-PDU ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  pdu-type                [0] Unsigned (0..15), -- 6 for this PDU Type
 *  reserved                [1] Unsigned (0..3), -- must be set zero
 *  original-invokeID       [2] Unsigned (0..255),
 *  reject-reason           [3] BACnetRejectReason
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fRejectPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * Abort-PDU ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  pdu-type                [0] Unsigned (0..15), -- 7 for this PDU Type
 *  reserved                [1] Unsigned (0..3), -- must be set zero
 *  server                  [2] BOOLEAN,
 *  original-invokeID       [3] Unsigned (0..255),
 *  abort-reason            [4] BACnetAbortReason
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fAbortPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * 20.2.4, adds the label with max 64Bit unsigned Integer Value to tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param label the label of this item
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fUnsignedTag(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

/**
 * 20.2.5, adds the label with max 64Bit signed Integer Value to tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param label the label of this item
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSignedTag(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

/**
 * 20.2.8, adds the label with Octet String to tree; if lvt == 0 then lvt = restOfFrame
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param label the label of this item
 * @param lvt length of String
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fOctetString(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label, uint32_t lvt);

/**
 * 20.2.12, adds the label with Date Value to tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param label the label of this item
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fDate(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

/**
 * 20.2.13, adds the label with Time Value to tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param label the label of this item
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fTime(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

/**
 * 20.2.14, adds Object Identifier to tree
 * use BIG ENDIAN: Bits 31..22 Object Type, Bits 21..0 Instance Number
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param hfid the hfid of the item to use (e.g., hf_bacapp_object_identifier
 *  or hf_bacapp_device_identifier)
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fObjectIdentifier(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, int hfid);

/**
 * BACnet-Confirmed-Service-Request ::= CHOICE {
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param service_choice the service choice
 * @return offset
 */
static unsigned
fConfirmedServiceRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, int service_choice);

/**
 * BACnet-Confirmed-Service-ACK ::= CHOICE {
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param service_choice the service choice
 * @return offset
 */
static unsigned
fConfirmedServiceAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, int service_choice);

/**
 * AcknowledgeAlarm-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  acknowledgingProcessIdentifier [0] Unsigned32,
 *  eventObjectIdentifier          [1] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  eventStateAcknowledge          [2] BACnetEventState,
 *  timeStamp                      [3] BACnetTimeStamp,
 *  acknowledgementSource          [4] Character String,
 *  timeOfAcknowledgement          [5] BACnetTimeStamp
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fAcknowledgeAlarmRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ConfirmedCOVNotification-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  subscriberProcessIdentifier [0] Unsigned32,
 *  initiatingDeviceIdentifier  [1] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  monitoredObjectIdentifier   [2] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  timeRemaining               [3] unsigned,
 *  listOfValues                [4] SEQUENCE OF BACnetPropertyValues
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fConfirmedCOVNotificationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ConfirmedEventNotification-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  ProcessIdentifier           [0] Unsigned32,
 *  initiatingDeviceIdentifier  [1] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  eventObjectIdentifier       [2] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  timeStamp                   [3] BACnetTimeStamp,
 *  notificationClass           [4] unsigned,
 *  priority                    [5] unsigned8,
 *  eventType                   [6] BACnetEventType,
 *  messageText                 [7] CharacterString OPTIONAL,
 *  notifyType                  [8] BACnetNotifyType,
 *  ackRequired                 [9] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL,
 *  fromState                  [10] BACnetEventState OPTIONAL,
 *  toState                    [11] BACnetEventState,
 *  eventValues                [12] BACnetNotificationParameters OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fConfirmedEventNotificationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo,  proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * GetAlarmSummary-ACK ::= SEQUENCE OF SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier         BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  alarmState               BACnetEventState,
 *  acknowledgedTransitions  BACnetEventTransitionBits
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fGetAlarmSummaryAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * GetEnrollmentSummary-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  acknowledgmentFilter    [0] ENUMERATED {
 *      all       (0),
 *      acked     (1),
 *      not-acked (2)
 *      },
 *  enrollmentFilter        [1] BACnetRecipientProcess OPTIONAL,
 *  eventStateFilter        [2] ENUMERATED {
 *      offnormal (0),
 *      fault     (1),
 *      normal    (2),
 *      all       (3),
 *      active    (4)
 *      },
 *  eventTypeFilter         [3] BACnetEventType OPTIONAL,
 *  priorityFilter          [4] SEQUENCE {
 *      minPriority [0] Unsigned8,
 *      maxPriority [1] Unsigned8
 *      } OPTIONAL,
 *  notificationClassFilter [5] Unsigned OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fGetEnrollmentSummaryRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * GetEnrollmentSummary-ACK ::= SEQUENCE OF SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier    BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  eventType           BACnetEventType,
 *  eventState          BACnetEventState,
 *  priority            Unsigned8,
 *  notificationClass   Unsigned OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fGetEnrollmentSummaryAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * GetEventInformation-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  lastReceivedObjectIdentifier    [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fGetEventInformationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * GetEventInformation-ACK ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  listOfEventSummaries [0] listOfEventSummaries,
 *  moreEvents           [1] BOOLEAN
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fGetEventInformationACK(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * LifeSafetyOperation-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  requestingProcessIdentifier [0] Unsigned32
 *  requestingSource            [1] CharacterString
 *  request                     [2] BACnetLifeSafetyOperation
 *  objectIdentifier            [3] BACnetObjectIdentifier OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fLifeSafetyOperationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

/**
 * SubscribeCOV-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  subscriberProcessIdentifier [0] Unsigned32
 *  monitoredObjectIdentifier   [1] BACnetObjectIdentifier
 *  issueConfirmedNotifications [2] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL
 *  lifetime                    [3] Unsigned OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSubscribeCOVRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * SubscribeCOVProperty-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  subscriberProcessIdentifier [0] Unsigned32
 *  monitoredObjectIdentifier   [1] BACnetObjectIdentifier
 *  issueConfirmedNotifications [2] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL
 *  lifetime                    [3] Unsigned OPTIONAL
 *  monitoredPropertyIdentifier [4] BACnetPropertyReference OPTIONAL
 *  covIncrement                [5] Unsigned OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSubscribeCOVPropertyRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * AtomicReadFile-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  fileIdentifier  BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  accessMethod    CHOICE {
 *      streamAccess    [0] SEQUENCE {
 *          fileStartPosition   INTEGER,
 *          requestedOctetCount Unsigned
 *          },
 *      recordAccess    [1] SEQUENCE {
 *          fileStartRecord      INTEGER,
 *          requestedRecordCount Unsigned
 *          }
 *      }
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fAtomicReadFileRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * AtomicWriteFile-ACK ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  endOfFile   BOOLEAN,
 *  accessMethod    CHOICE {
 *      streamAccess    [0] SEQUENCE {
 *          fileStartPosition   INTEGER,
 *          fileData            OCTET STRING
 *          },
 *      recordAccess    [1] SEQUENCE {
 *          fileStartRecord     INTEGER,
 *          returnedRecordCount Unsigned,
 *          fileRecordData      SEQUENCE OF OCTET STRING
 *          }
 *      }
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fAtomicReadFileAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * AtomicWriteFile-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  fileIdentifier  BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  accessMethod    CHOICE {
 *      streamAccess    [0] SEQUENCE {
 *          fileStartPosition  INTEGER,
 *          fileData           OCTET STRING
 *          },
 *      recordAccess    [1] SEQUENCE {
 *          fileStartRecord    INTEGER,
 *          recordCount        Unsigned,
 *          fileRecordData     SEQUENCE OF OCTET STRING
 *          }
 *      }
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fAtomicWriteFileRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * AtomicWriteFile-ACK ::= SEQUENCE {
 *      fileStartPosition [0] INTEGER,
 *      fileStartRecord   [1] INTEGER,
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fAtomicWriteFileAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * AddListElement-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier   [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  propertyIdentifier [1] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex [2] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
 *  listOfElements     [3] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fAddListElementRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * CreateObject-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectSpecifier     [0] ObjectSpecifier,
 *  listOfInitialValues [1] SEQUENCE OF BACnetPropertyValue OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param subtree the sub tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fCreateObjectRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * CreateObject-Request ::= BACnetObjectIdentifier
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fCreateObjectAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * DeleteObject-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  ObjectIdentifier    BACnetObjectIdentifier
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fDeleteObjectRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ReadProperty-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier    [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  propertyIdentifier  [1] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex  [2] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fReadPropertyRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ReadProperty-ACK ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier   [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  propertyIdentifier [1] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex [2] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
 *  propertyValue      [3] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fReadPropertyAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ReadPropertyConditional-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectSelectionCriteria  [0] objectSelectionCriteria,
 *  listOfPropertyReferences [1] SEQUENCE OF BACnetPropertyReference OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param subtree the  sub tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fReadPropertyConditionalRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ReadPropertyConditional-ACK ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  listOfPReadAccessResults    SEQUENCE OF ReadAccessResult OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fReadPropertyConditionalAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ReadPropertyMultiple-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  listOfReadAccessSpecs   SEQUENCE OF ReadAccessSpecification
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param subtree the sub tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return offset modified
 */
static unsigned
fReadPropertyMultipleRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ReadPropertyMultiple-Ack ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  listOfReadAccessResults SEQUENCE OF ReadAccessResult
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return offset modified
 */
static unsigned
fReadPropertyMultipleAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ReadRange-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier    [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  propertyIdentifier  [1] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex  [2] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
 *  range   CHOICE {
 *      byPosition  [3] SEQUENCE {
 *          referencedIndex Unsigned,
 *          count INTEGER
 *          },
 *      byTime      [4] SEQUENCE {
 *          referenceTime BACnetDateTime,
 *          count INTEGER
 *          },
 *      timeRange   [5] SEQUENCE {
 *          beginningTime BACnetDateTime,
 *          endingTime BACnetDateTime
 *          },
 *      } OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fReadRangeRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ReadRange-ACK ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier   [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  propertyIdentifier [1] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex [2] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
 *  resultFlags        [3] BACnetResultFlags,
 *  itemCount          [4] Unsigned,
 *  itemData           [5] SEQUENCE OF ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fReadRangeAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * RemoveListElement-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier    [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  propertyIdentifier  [1] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex  [2] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
 *  listOfElements  [3] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fRemoveListElementRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * WriteProperty-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier   [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  propertyIdentifier [1] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex [2] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
 *  propertyValue      [3] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type
 *  priority           [4] Unsigned8 (1..16) OPTIONAL --used only when property is commandable
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fWritePropertyRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * WritePropertyMultiple-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  listOfWriteAccessSpecifications SEQUENCE OF WriteAccessSpecification
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fWritePropertyMultipleRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * DeviceCommunicationControl-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  timeDuration    [0] Unsigned16 OPTIONAL,
 *  enable-disable  [1] ENUMERATED {
 *      enable  (0),
 *      disable (1)
 *      },
 *  password        [2] CharacterString (SIZE(1..20)) OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fDeviceCommunicationControlRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ConfirmedPrivateTransfer-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  vendorID          [0] Unsigned,
 *  serviceNumber     [1] Unsigned,
 *  serviceParameters [2] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fConfirmedPrivateTransferRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ConfirmedPrivateTransfer-ACK ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  vendorID      [0] Unsigned,
 *  serviceNumber [1] Unsigned,
 *  resultBlock   [2] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fConfirmedPrivateTransferAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ConfirmedTextMessage-Request ::=  SEQUENCE {
 *  textMessageSourceDevice [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  messageClass            [1] CHOICE {
 *      numeric   [0] Unsigned,
 *      character [1] CharacterString
 *      } OPTIONAL,
 *  messagePriority         [2] ENUMERATED {
 *      normal (0),
 *      urgent (1)
 *      },
 *  message [3] CharacterString
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fConfirmedTextMessageRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ReinitializeDevice-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  reinitializedStateOfDevice  [0] ENUMERATED {
 *      coldstart    (0),
 *      warmstart    (1),
 *      startbackup  (2),
 *      endbackup    (3),
 *      startrestore (4),
 *      endrestore   (5),
 *      abortrestor  (6)
 *      },
 *  password                    [1] CharacterString (SIZE(1..20)) OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fReinitializeDeviceRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * VTOpen-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  vtClass BACnetVTClass,
 *  localVTSessionIdentifier    Unsigned8
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fVtOpenRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * VTOpen-ACK ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  remoteVTSessionIdentifier   Unsigned8
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fVtOpenAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * VTClose-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  listOfRemoteVTSessionIdentifiers    SEQUENCE OF Unsigned8
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fVtCloseRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * VTData-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  vtSessionIdentifier Unsigned8,
 *  vtNewData           OCTET STRING,
 *  vtDataFlag          Unsigned (0..1)
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fVtDataRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * VTData-ACK ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  allNewDataAccepted  [0] BOOLEAN,
 *  acceptedOctetCount  [1] Unsigned OPTIONAL -- present only if allNewDataAccepted = false
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fVtDataAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * Authenticate-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  pseudoRandomNumber     [0] Unsigned32,
 *  expectedInvokeID       [1] Unsigned8 OPTIONAL,
 *  operatorName           [2] CharacterString OPTIONAL,
 *  operatorPassword       [3] CharacterString (SIZE(1..20)) OPTIONAL,
 *  startEncypheredSession [4] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fAuthenticateRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * Authenticate-ACK ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  modifiedRandomNumber    Unsigned32,
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fAuthenticateAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * RequestKey-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  requestingDeviceIdentifier BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  requestingDeviceAddress    BACnetAddress,
 *  remoteDeviceIdentifier     BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  remoteDeviceAddress        BACnetAddress
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fRequestKeyRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * Unconfirmed-Service-Request ::= CHOICE {
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param service_choice the service choice
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fUnconfirmedServiceRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, int service_choice);

/**
 * UnconfirmedCOVNotification-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  subscriberProcessIdentifier [0] Unsigned32,
 *  initiatingDeviceIdentifier  [1] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  monitoredObjectIdentifier   [2] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  timeRemaining               [3] unsigned,
 *  listOfValues                [4] SEQUENCE OF BACnetPropertyValues
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fUnconfirmedCOVNotificationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * UnconfirmedEventNotification-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  ProcessIdentifier           [0] Unsigned32,
 *  initiatingDeviceIdentifier  [1] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  eventObjectIdentifier       [2] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  timeStamp                   [3] BACnetTimeStamp,
 *  notificationClass           [4] unsigned,
 *  priority                    [5] unsigned8,
 *  eventType                   [6] BACnetEventType,
 *  messageText                 [7] CharacterString OPTIONAL,
 *  notifyType                  [8] BACnetNotifyType,
 *  ackRequired                 [9] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL,
 *  fromState                  [10] BACnetEventState OPTIONAL,
 *  toState                    [11] BACnetEventState,
 *  eventValues                [12] BACnetNotificationParameters OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fUnconfirmedEventNotificationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * I-Am-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  aAmDeviceIdentifier BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  maxAPDULengthAccepted   Unsigned,
 *  segmentationSupported   BACnetSegmentation,
 *  vendorID    Unsigned
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fIAmRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);


/**
 * I-Have-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  deviceIdentifier  BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  objectIdentifier  BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  objectName        CharacterString
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fIHaveRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * UnconfirmedPrivateTransfer-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  vendorID          [0] Unsigned,
 *  serviceNumber     [1] Unsigned,
 *  serviceParameters [2] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fUnconfirmedPrivateTransferRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * UnconfirmedTextMessage-Request ::=  SEQUENCE {
 *  textMessageSourceDevice [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  messageClass            [1] CHOICE {
 *      numeric   [0] Unsigned,
 *      character [1] CharacterString
 *      } OPTIONAL,
 *  messagePriority         [2] ENUMERATED {
 *      normal (0),
 *      urgent (1)
 *      },
 *  message                 [3] CharacterString
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fUnconfirmedTextMessageRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * TimeSynchronization-Request ::=  SEQUENCE {
 *  BACnetDateTime
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fTimeSynchronizationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * UTCTimeSynchronization-Request ::=  SEQUENCE {
 *  BACnetDateTime
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fUTCTimeSynchronizationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * Who-Has-Request ::=  SEQUENCE {
 *  limits SEQUENCE {
 *      deviceInstanceRangeLowLimit  [0] Unsigned (0..4194303),
 *      deviceInstanceRangeHighLimit [1] Unsigned (0..4194303)
 *      } OPTIONAL,
 *  object CHOICE {
 *      objectIdentifier             [2] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *      objectName                   [3] CharacterString
 *      }
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fWhoHas(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * Who-Is-Request ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  deviceInstanceRangeLowLimit  [0] Unsigned (0..4194303) OPTIONAL, -- must be used as a pair, see 16.9,
 *  deviceInstanceRangeHighLimit [0] Unsigned (0..4194303) OPTIONAL, -- must be used as a pair, see 16.9,
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fWhoIsRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnet-Error ::= CHOICE {
 *  addListElement           [8] ChangeList-Error,
 *  removeListElement        [9] ChangeList-Error,
 *  writePropertyMultiple   [16] WritePropertyMultiple-Error,
 *  confirmedPrivatTransfer [18] ConfirmedPrivateTransfer-Error,
 *  vtClose                 [22] VTClose-Error,
 *  readRange               [26] ObjectAccessService-Error
 *                          [default] Error
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param service the service
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fBACnetError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, unsigned service);

/**
 * Dissect a BACnetError in a context tag
 *
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned fContextTaggedError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ChangeList-Error ::= SEQUENCE {
 *    errorType                [0] Error,
 *    firstFailedElementNumber [1] Unsigned
 *    }
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fChangeListError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * CreateObject-Error ::= SEQUENCE {
 *    errorType                [0] Error,
 *    firstFailedElementNumber [1] Unsigned
 *    }
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fCreateObjectError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ConfirmedPrivateTransfer-Error ::= SEQUENCE {
 *    errorType       [0] Error,
 *    vendorID        [1] Unsigned,
 *    serviceNumber   [2] Unsigned,
 *    errorParameters [3] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type OPTIONAL
 *    }
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fConfirmedPrivateTransferError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * WritePropertyMultiple-Error ::= SEQUENCE {
 *    errorType               [0] Error,
 *    firstFailedWriteAttempt [1] Unsigned
 *    }
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fWritePropertyMultipleError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * VTClose-Error ::= SEQUENCE {
 *    errorType                  [0] Error,
 *    listOfVTSessionIdentifiers [1] SEQUENCE OF Unsigned8 OPTIONAL
 *    }
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fVTCloseError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnet Application Types chapter 20.2.1
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param label the label of this item
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fApplicationTypes(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

/**
 * BACnetActionCommand ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  deviceIdentifier    [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier OPTIONAL,
 *  objectIdentifier    [1] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  propertyIdentifier  [2] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex  [3] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
 *  propertyValue       [4] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type,
 *  priority            [5] Unsigned (1..16) OPTIONAL, -- used only when property is commandable
 *  postDelay           [6] Unsigned OPTIONAL,
 *  quitOnFailure       [7] BOOLEAN,
 *  writeSuccessful     [8] BOOLEAN
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param tag_match the tag number
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fActionCommand(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, uint8_t tag_match);

/**
 * BACnetActionList ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  action  [0] SEQUENCE of BACnetActionCommand
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fActionList(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/** BACnetAddress ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  network-number  Unsigned16, -- A value 0 indicates the local network
 *  mac-address     OCTET STRING -- A string of length 0 indicates a broadcast
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fAddress(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetAddressBinding ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  deviceObjectID  BACnetObjectIdentifier
 *  deviceAddress   BacnetAddress
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fAddressBinding(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetCalendarEntry ::= CHOICE {
 *  date        [0] Date,
 *  dateRange   [1] BACnetDateRange,
 *  weekNDay    [2] BacnetWeekNday
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fCalendarEntry(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetClientCOV ::= CHOICE {
 *  real-increment  REAL,
 *  default-increment   NULL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fClientCOV(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);


/**
 * BACnetDailySchedule ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  day-schedule    [0] SENQUENCE OF BACnetTimeValue
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fDailySchedule(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetHealth ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  timestamp                   [0] BACnetDateTime,
 *  result                      [1] Error,
 *  property                    [2] BACnetPropertyIdentifier OPTIONAL,
 *  details                     [3] CharacterString OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fHealth(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetSCFailedConnectionRequest ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  timestamp                   [0] BACnetDateTime,
 *  peer-address                [1] BACnetHostNPort,
 *  peer-vmac                   [2] OCTET STRING (SIZE(6))
 *  peer-uuid                   [3] OCTET STRING (SIZE(16))
 *  error                       [4] Error OPTIONAL
 *  error-details               [5] CharacterString OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSCFailedConnectionRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetSCDirectConnection ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  uri                         [0] CharacterString
 *  connection-state            [1] BACnetSCConnectionState,
 *  connect-timestamp           [2] BACnetDateTime,
 *  disconnect-timestamp        [3] BACnetDateTime,
 *  peer-address                [4] BACnetHostNPort,
 *  peer-vmac                   [5] OCTET STRING (SIZE(6))
 *  peer-uuid                   [6] OCTET STRING (SIZE(16))
 *  error                       [7] Error OPTIONAL
 *  error-details               [8] CharacterString OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSCDirectConnection(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetSCHubConnection ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  connection-state            [0] BACnetSCConnectionState,
 *  connect-timestamp           [1] BACnetDateTime,
 *  disconnect-timestamp        [2] BACnetDateTime,
 *  error                       [3] Error OPTIONAL
 *  error-details               [4] CharacterString OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSCHubConnection(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetSCHubFunctionConnection ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  connection-state            [0] BACnetSCConnectionState,
 *  connect-timestamp           [1] BACnetDateTime,
 *  disconnect-timestamp        [2] BACnetDateTime,
 *  peer-address                [3] BACnetHostNPort,
 *  peer-vmac                   [4] OCTET STRING (SIZE(6))
 *  peer-uuid                   [5] OCTET STRING (SIZE(16))
 *  error                       [6] Error OPTIONAL
 *  error-details               [7] CharacterString OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSCHubFunctionConnection(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetWeeklySchedule ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  week-schedule    SENQUENCE SIZE (7) OF BACnetDailySchedule
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fWeeklySchedule(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetDateRange ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  StartDate   Date,
 *  EndDate     Date
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fDateRange(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetDateTime ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  date   Date,
 *  time   Time
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param label the label of this item
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fDateTime(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

/**
 * BACnetDestination ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  validDays   BACnetDaysOfWeek,
 *  fromTime    Time,
 *  toTime      Time,
 *  recipient   BACnetRecipient,
 *  processIdentifier   Unsigned32,
 *  issueConfirmedNotifications BOOLEAN,
 *  transitions BACnetEventTransitionBits
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fDestination(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetDeviceObjectPropertyReference ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier    [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  propertyIdentifier  [1] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex  [2] Unsigned OPTIONAL,
 *  deviceIdentifier    [3] BACnetObjectIdentifier OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetObjectPropertyReference ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier    [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  propertyIdentifier  [1] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex  [2] Unsigned OPTIONAL,
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fObjectPropertyReference(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetDeviceObjectReference ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  deviceIdentifier    [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier OPTIONAL,
 *  objectIdentifier    [1] BACnetObjectIdentifier
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fDeviceObjectReference(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetEventParameter ::= CHOICE {
 *  change-of-bitstring             [0] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay                       [0] Unsigned,
 *      bitmask                          [1] BIT STRING,
 *      list-of-bitstring-values         [2] SEQUENCE OF BIT STRING
 *      },
 *  change-of-state                 [1] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay     [0] Unsigned,
 *      list-of-values [1] SEQUENCE OF BACnetPropertyStates
 *      },
 *  change-of-value                 [2] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay   [0] Unsigned,
 *      cov-criteria [1] CHOICE {
 *          bitmask                       [0] BIT STRING,
 *          referenced-property-increment [1] REAL
 *          }
 *      },
 *  command-failure                 [3] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay                       [0] Unsigned,
 *      feedback-property-reference      [1] BACnetDeviceObjectPropertyReference
 *      },
 *  floating-limit                  [4] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay                       [0] Unsigned,
 *      setpoint-reference               [1] BACnetDeviceObjectPropertyReference,
 *      low-diff-limit                   [2] REAL,
 *      high-diff-limit                  [3] REAL,
 *      deadband                         [4] REAL
 *      },
 *  out-of-range                    [5] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay                       [0] Unsigned,
 *      low-limit                        [1] REAL,
 *      high-limit                       [2] REAL,
 *      deadband                         [3] REAL
 *      },
 *  -- context tag 7 is deprecated
 *  change-of-life-safety           [8] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay                       [0] Unsigned,
 *      list-of-life-safety-alarm-values [1] SEQUENCE OF BACnetLifeSafetyState,
 *      list-of-alarm-values             [2] SEQUENCE OF BACnetLifeSafetyState,
 *      mode-property-reference          [3] BACnetDeviceObjectPropertyReference
 *      },
 *  extended                        [9] SEQUENCE {
 *      vendor-id                        [0] Unsigned16,
 *      extended-event-type              [1] Unsigned,
 *      parameters                       [2] SEQUENCE OF CHOICE {
 *          null        NULL,
 *          real        REAL,
 *          integer     Unsigned,
 *          boolean     BOOLEAN,
 *          double      Double,
 *          octet       OCTET STRING,
 *          bitstring   BIT STRING,
 *          enum        ENUMERATED,
 *          reference   [0] BACnetDeviceObjectPropertyReference
 *          }
 *      },
 *  buffer-ready                    [10] SEQUENCE {
 *      notification-threshold           [0] Unsigned,
 *      previous-notification-count      [1] Unsigned32
 *      },
 * unsigned-range                   [11] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay                       [0] Unsigned,
 *      low-limit                        [1] Unsigned,
 *      high-limit                       [2] Unsigned,
 *      }
 * -- context tag 12 is reserved for future addenda
 * access-event                     [13] SEQUENCE {
 *      list-of-access-events            [0] SEQUENCE OF BACnetAccessEvent,
 *      access-event-time-reference      [1] BACnetDeviceObjectPropertyReference
 *      }
 * double-out-of-range              [14] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay                       [0] Unsigned,
 *      low-limit                        [1] Double,
 *      high-limit                       [2] Double,
 *      deadband                         [3] Double
 *  }
 *  signed-out-of-range             [15] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay                       [0] Unsigned,
 *      low-limit                        [1] INTEGER,
 *      high-limit                       [2] INTEGER,
 *      deadband                         [3] Unsigned
 *  }
 *  unsigned-out-of-range           [16] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay                       [0] Unsigned,
 *      low-limit                        [1] Unsigned,
 *      high-limit                       [2] Unsigned,
 *      deadband                         [3] Unsigned
 *   }
 *  change-of-characterstring       [17] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay                       [0] Unsigned,
 *      list-of-alarm-values             [1] SEQUENCE OF CharacterString,
 *   }
 *  change-of-status-flags          [18] SEQUENCE {
 *      time-delay                       [0] Unsigned,
 *      selected-flags                   [1] BACnetStatusFlags
 *   }
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fEventParameter(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);



/**
 * BACnetLogRecord ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  timestamp   [0] BACnetDateTime,
 *  logDatum    [1] CHOICE {
 *      log-status      [0] BACnetLogStatus,
 *      boolean-value   [1] BOOLEAN,
 *      real-value      [2] REAL,
 *      enum-value      [3] ENUMERATED, -- Optionally limited to 32 bits
 *      unsigned-value  [4] Unsigned, -- Optionally limited to 32 bits
 *      signed-value    [5] INTEGER, -- Optionally limited to 32 bits
 *      bitstring-value [6] BIT STRING, -- Optionally limited to 32 bits
 *      null-value      [7] NULL,
 *      failure         [8] Error,
 *      time-change     [9] REAL,
 *      any-value       [10] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type -- Optional
 *      }
 *  statusFlags [2] BACnetStatusFlags OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fLogRecord(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetEventLogRecord ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  timestamp [0] BACnetDateTime,
 *  logDatum  [1] CHOICE {
 *      log-status   [0] BACnetLogStatus,
 *      notification [1] ConfirmedEventNotification-Request,
 *      time-change  [2] REAL,
 *      }
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fEventLogRecord(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fLogMultipleRecord(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetNotificationParameters ::= CHOICE {
 *  change-of-bitstring [0] SEQUENCE {
 *      referenced-bitstring [0] BIT STRING,
 *      status-flags         [1] BACnetStatusFlags
 *      },
 *  change-of-state [1] SEQUENCE {
 *      new-state            [0] BACnetPropertyStatus,
 *      status-flags         [1] BACnetStatusFlags
 *      },
 *  change-of-value [2] SEQUENCE {
 *      new-value            [0] CHOICE {
 *          changed-bits        [0] BIT STRING,
 *          changed-value       [1] REAL
 *          },
 *      status-flags         [1] BACnetStatusFlags
 *      },
 *  command-failure [3] SEQUENCE {
 *      command-value        [0] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type, -- depends on ref property
 *      status-flags         [1] BACnetStatusFlags
 *      feedback-value       [2] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type -- depends on ref property
 *      },
 *  floating-limit [4]  SEQUENCE {
 *      reference-value      [0] REAL,
 *      status-flags         [1] BACnetStatusFlags
 *      setpoint-value       [2] REAL,
 *      error-limit          [3] REAL
 *      },
 *  out-of-range [5]    SEQUENCE {
 *      exceeding-value      [0] REAL,
 *      status-flags         [1] BACnetStatusFlags
 *      deadband             [2] REAL,
 *      exceeded-limit       [3] REAL
 *      },
 *  complex-event-type  [6] SEQUENCE OF BACnetPropertyValue,
 * -- complex tag 7 is deprecated
 *  change-of-life-safety [8]   SEQUENCE {
 *      new-state            [0] BACnetLifeSafetyState,
 *      new-mode             [1] BACnetLifeSafetyState
 *      status-flags         [2] BACnetStatusFlags,
 *      operation-expected   [3] BACnetLifeSafetyOperation
 *      },
 *  extended [9]   SEQUENCE {
 *      vendor-id            [0] Unsigned16,
 *      extended-event-type  [1] Unsigned,
 *      parameters           [2] SEQUENCE OF CHOICE {
 *          null                NULL,
 *          real                REAL,
 *          integer             Unsigned,
 *          boolean             BOOLEAN,
 *          double              Double,
 *          octet               OCTET STRING,
 *          bitstring           BIT STRING,
 *          enum                ENUMERATED,
 *          propertyValue       [0] BACnetDeviceObjectPropertyValue
 *          }
 *      },
 *  buffer-ready [10]    SEQUENCE {
 *      buffer-property      [0] BACnetDeviceObjectPropertyReference,
 *      previous-notification[1] Unsigned32,
 *      current-notification [2] BACneUnsigned32tDateTime
 *      },
 *  unsigned-range [11]    SEQUENCE {
 *      exceeding-value      [0] Unsigned,
 *      status-flags         [1] BACnetStatusFlags,
 *      exceeded-limit       [2] Unsigned
 *      },
 * -- context tag 12 is reserved for future addenda
 *  access-event [13]    SEQUENCE {
 *      access-event          [0] BACnetAccessEvent,
 *      status-flags          [1] BACnetStatusFlags,
 *      access-event-tag      [2] Unsigned,
 *      access-event-time     [3] BACnetTimeStamp,
 *      access-credential     [4] BACnetDeviceObjectReference,
 *      authentication-factor [5] BACnetAuthenticationFactor OPTIONAL
 *      },
 *  double-out-of-range [14]    SEQUENCE {
 *      exceeding-value      [0] Double,
 *      status-flags         [1] BACnetStatusFlags
 *      deadband             [2] Double,
 *      exceeded-limit       [3] Double
 *      },
 *  signed-out-of-range [15]    SEQUENCE {
 *      exceeding-value      [0] INTEGER,
 *      status-flags         [1] BACnetStatusFlags
 *      deadband             [2] Unsigned,
 *      exceeded-limit       [3] INTEGER
 *      },
 *  unsigned-out-of-range [16]    SEQUENCE {
 *      exceeding-value      [0] Unsigned,
 *      status-flags         [1] BACnetStatusFlags
 *      deadband             [2] Unsigned,
 *      exceeded-limit       [3] Unsigned
 *      },
 *  change-of-characterstring [17]    SEQUENCE {
 *      changed-value        [0] CharacterString,
 *      status-flags         [1] BACnetStatusFlags
 *      alarm-value          [2] CharacterString
 *      },
 *  change-of-status-flags [18]    SEQUENCE {
 *      present-value        [0] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type OPTIONAL,
 *                              -- depends on referenced property
 *      referenced-flags     [1] BACnetStatusFlags
 *      },
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fNotificationParameters(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetObjectPropertyReference ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier    [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  propertyIdentifier  [1] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex  [2] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fBACnetObjectPropertyReference(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

#if 0
/**
 * BACnetObjectPropertyValue ::= SEQUENCE {
 *      objectIdentifier   [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *      propertyIdentifier [1] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *      propertyArrayIndex [2] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
 *                                                -- if omitted with an array the entire array is referenced
 *      value              [3] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type, --any datatype appropriate for the specified property
 *      priority           [4] Unsigned (1..16) OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fObjectPropertyValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);
#endif

/**
 * BACnetPriorityArray ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (16) OF BACnetPriorityValue
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fPriorityArray(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fPropertyReference(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, uint8_t tagoffset, uint8_t list);

/**
 * BACnetPropertyReference ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  propertyIdentifier  [0] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex  [1] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fBACnetPropertyReference(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, uint8_t list);

static unsigned
fLOPR(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fRestartReason(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetPropertyValue ::= SEQUENCE {
 *      PropertyIdentifier [0] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *      propertyArrayIndex [1] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatypes
 *                                                -- if omitted with an array the entire array is referenced
 *      value              [2] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type, -- any datatype appropriate for the specified property
 *      priority           [3] Unsigned (1..16) OPTIONAL -- used only when property is commandable
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fBACnetPropertyValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fPropertyValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, uint8_t tagoffset);

/**
 * BACnet Application PDUs chapter 21
 * BACnetRecipient::= CHOICE {
 *  device  [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier
 *  address [1] BACnetAddress
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fRecipient(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnet Application PDUs chapter 21
 * BACnetRecipientProcess::= SEQUENCE {
 *  recipient   [0] BACnetRecipient
 *  processID   [1] Unsigned32
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fRecipientProcess(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fCOVSubscription(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

#if 0
/**
 * BACnetSessionKey ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  sessionKey  OCTET STRING (SIZE(8)), -- 56 bits for key, 8 bits for checksum
 *  peerAddress BACnetAddress
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 * @todo check if checksum is displayed correctly
 */
static unsigned
fSessionKey(tvbuff_t *tvb, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);
#endif

/**
 * BACnetSpecialEvent ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  period      CHOICE {
 *      calendarEntry       [0] BACnetCalendarEntry,
 *      calendarReference    [1] BACnetObjectIdentifier
 *      },
 *      listOfTimeValues    [2] SEQUENCE OF BACnetTimeValue,
 *      eventPriority       [3] Unsigned (1..16)
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSpecialEvent(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetTimeStamp ::= CHOICE {
 *  time            [0] Time,
 *  sequenceNumber  [1] Unsigned (0..65535),
 *  dateTime        [2] BACnetDateTime
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param label the label of this item
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fTimeStamp(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fEventTimeStamps(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnetTimeValue ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  time    Time,
 *  value   ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type -- any primitive datatype, complex types cannot be decoded
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fTimeValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

#if 0
/**
 * BACnetVTSession ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  local-vtSessionID   Unsigned8,
 *  remote-vtSessionID  Unsigned8,
 *  remote-vtAddress    BACnetAddress
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fVTSession(tvbuff_t *tvb, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);
#endif

/**
 * BACnetWeekNDay ::= OCTET STRING (SIZE (3))
 * -- first octet month (1..12) January = 1, X'FF' = any month
 * -- second octet weekOfMonth where: 1 = days numbered 1-7
 * -- 2 = days numbered 8-14
 * -- 3 = days numbered 15-21
 * -- 4 = days numbered 22-28
 * -- 5 = days numbered 29-31
 * -- 6 = last 7 days of this month
 * -- X'FF' = any week of this month
 * -- third octet dayOfWeek (1..7) where 1 = Monday
 * -- 7 = Sunday
 * -- X'FF' = any day of week
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fWeekNDay(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ReadAccessResult ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier            [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  listOfResults               [1] SEQUENCE OF SEQUENCE {
 *      propertyIdentifier      [2] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *      propertyArrayIndex      [3] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype if omitted with an array the entire array is referenced
 *      readResult  CHOICE {
 *          propertyValue       [4] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type,
 *          propertyAccessError [5] Error
 *      }
 *  } OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fReadAccessResult(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * ReadAccessSpecification ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier         [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  listOfPropertyReferences [1] SEQUENCE OF BACnetPropertyReference
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param subtree the subtree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fReadAccessSpecification(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * WriteAccessSpecification ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  listOfProperty   [1] SEQUENCE OF BACnetPropertyValue
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param subtree the sub tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fWriteAccessSpecification(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset);


/********************************************************* Helper functions *******************************************/

/**
 * extracts the tag number from the tag header.
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data "TestyVirtualBuffer"
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb in actual tvb
 * @return Tag Number corresponding to BACnet 20.2.1.2 Tag Number
 */
static unsigned
fTagNo(tvbuff_t *tvb, unsigned offset);

/**
 * splits Tag Header corresponding to 20.2.1 General Rules For BACnet Tags
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data = "TestyVirtualBuffer"
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data = packet info
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb = offset in actual tvb
 * @return tag_no BACnet 20.2.1.2 Tag Number
 * @return class_tag BACnet 20.2.1.1 Class
 * @return lvt BACnet 20.2.1.3 Length/Value/Type
 * @return offs = length of this header
 */

static unsigned
fTagHeader(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, unsigned offset, uint8_t *tag_no, uint8_t* class_tag, uint32_t *lvt);


/**
 * adds processID with max 32Bit unsigned Integer Value to tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fProcessId(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * adds present value to the tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param vs enum of string values when applicable
 * @param split_val enum index
 * @param type present value datatype enum
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fPresentValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const value_string *vs, uint32_t split_val, BacappPresentValueType type);

/**
 * adds event type to the tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fEventType(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * adds notify type to the tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fNotifyType(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * adds next_state with max 32Bit unsigned Integer Value to tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fToState(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * adds from_state with max 32Bit unsigned Integer Value to tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fFromState(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * adds object_name string value to tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fObjectName(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * wrapper function for fCharacterStringBase
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fCharacterString(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

/**
 * adds string value to tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @param present_val_dissect exposes string as present_value property
 * @param object_name_dissect exposes string as object_name property
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fCharacterStringBase(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label,
                     bool present_val_dissect, bool object_name_dissect);

/**
 * adds timeSpan with max 32Bit unsigned Integer Value to tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fTimeSpan(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

/**
 * BACnet Application PDUs chapter 21
 * BACnetPropertyIdentifier::= ENUMERATED {
 *   @see bacapp_property_identifier
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fPropertyIdentifier(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnet Application PDUs chapter 21
 * BACnetPropertyArrayIndex::= ENUMERATED {
 *   @see bacapp_property_array_index
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fPropertyArrayIndex(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * listOfEventSummaries ::= SEQUENCE OF SEQUENCE {
 *  objectIdentifier        [0] BACnetObjectIdentifier,
 *  eventState              [1] BACnetEventState,
 *  acknowledgedTransitions [2] BACnetEventTransitionBits,
 *  eventTimeStamps         [3] SEQUENCE SIZE (3) OF BACnetTimeStamps,
 *  notifyType              [4] BACnetNotifyType,
 *  eventEnable             [5] BACnetEventTransitionBits,
 *  eventPriorities         [6] SEQUENCE SIZE (3) OF Unsigned
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
flistOfEventSummaries(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * SelectionCriteria ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  propertyIdentifier [0] BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
 *  propertyArrayIndex [1] Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
 *  relationSpecifier  [2] ENUMERATED { bacapp_relationSpecifier },
 *  comparisonValue    [3] ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSelectionCriteria(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * objectSelectionCriteria ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  selectionLogic          [0] ENUMERATED { bacapp_selectionLogic },
 *  listOfSelectionCriteria [1] SelectionCriteria
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param subtree the sub tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fObjectSelectionCriteria(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * BACnet-Error ::= SEQUENCE {
 *    error-class ENUMERATED {},
 *    error-code  ENUMERATED {}
 *    }
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * Adds error-code from BACnet-Error to the tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fErrorCode(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * Adds error-class from BACnet-Error to the tree
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fErrorClass(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

/**
 * Generic handler for context tagged values.  Mostly for handling
 * vendor-defined properties and services.
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 * @todo beautify this ugly construct
 */
static unsigned
fContextTaggedValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

/**
 * realizes some ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 * @todo beautify this ugly construct
 */
static unsigned
fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);


static unsigned
fBitStringTagVS(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label,
    const value_string *src);

static unsigned
fBitStringTagVSBase(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label,
    const value_string *src, bool present_val_dissect);

static unsigned
fFaultParameter(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fEventNotificationSubscription(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fLightingCommand(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable);

static unsigned
fColorCommand(tvbuff_t* tvb, packet_info* pinfo, proto_tree* tree, unsigned offset, const char* lable);

static unsigned
fXyColor(tvbuff_t* tvb, packet_info* pinfo, proto_tree* tree, unsigned offset, const char* lable);

static unsigned
fTimerStateChangeValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fHostNPort(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable);

static unsigned
fBDTEntry(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable);

static unsigned
fFDTEntry(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable);

static unsigned
fRouterEntry(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fVMACEntry(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fValueSource(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fAssignedLandingCalls(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fLandingCallStatus(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fLandingDoorStatus(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fCOVMultipleSubscription(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fNameValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fNameValueCollection(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fAuthenticationFactor(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fAuthenticationFactorFormat(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fAuthenticationPolicy(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fAccessRule(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fChannelValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fPropertyAccessResult(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fNetworkSecurityPolicy(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fSecurityKeySet(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fAuditLogRecord(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fStageLimitValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fObjectSelector(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset);

static unsigned
fDeviceAddressProxyTableEntry(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fAccessToken(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fAuthorizationConstraint(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fAuthorizationScope(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fAuthenticationClient(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fAuthorizationEvent(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fAuthenticationPeer(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fAuthenticationEvent(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fAuthorizationPolicy(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fAuthorizationScopeDescription(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fAuthorizationServer(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);

static unsigned
fAuthorizationStatus(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label);


/**
 * register_bacapp
 */
void
proto_register_bacapp(void);

/* <<<< formerly bacapp.h */

/* reassembly table for segmented messages */
static reassembly_table msg_reassembly_table;

/* some necessary forward function prototypes */
static unsigned
fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset,
    const char *label, const value_string *vs);

static const char *bacapp_unknown_service_str = "unknown service";  /* Usage: no format specifiers */
static const char ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt[] = "(%d) Reserved for Use by ASHRAE";
static const char Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt[] = "(%d) Vendor Proprietary Value";

static const value_string
BACnetTypeName[] = {
    { 0, "Confirmed-REQ"},
    { 1, "Unconfirmed-REQ"},
    { 2, "Simple-ACK"},
    { 3, "Complex-ACK"},
    { 4, "Segment-ACK"},
    { 5, "Error"},
    { 6, "Reject"},
    { 7, "Abort"},
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const true_false_string segments_follow = {
    "Segmented Request",
    "Unsegmented Request"
};

static const true_false_string more_follow = {
    "More Segments Follow",
    "No More Segments Follow"
};

static const true_false_string segmented_accept = {
    "Segmented Response accepted",
    "Segmented Response not accepted"
};

static const true_false_string
BACnetTagClass = {
    "Context Specific Tag",
    "Application Tag"
};

static const value_string
BACnetMaxSegmentsAccepted [] = {
    { 0,  "Unspecified"},
    { 1,  "2 segments"},
    { 2,  "4 segments"},
    { 3,  "8 segments"},
    { 4, "16 segments"},
    { 5, "32 segments"},
    { 6, "64 segments"},
    { 7, "Greater than 64 segments"},
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetMaxAPDULengthAccepted [] = {
    {  0, "Up to MinimumMessageSize (50 octets)"},
    {  1, "Up to 128 octets"},
    {  2, "Up to 206 octets (fits in a LonTalk frame)"},
    {  3, "Up to 480 octets (fits in an ARCNET frame)"},
    {  4, "Up to 1024 octets"},
    {  5, "Up to 1476 octets (fits in an ISO 8802-3 frame)"},
    {  6, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    {  7, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    {  8, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    {  9, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    { 10, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    { 11, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    { 12, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    { 13, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    { 14, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    { 15, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetRejectReason [] = {
    { 0, "other"},
    { 1, "buffer-overflow"},
    { 2, "inconsistent-parameters"},
    { 3, "invalid-parameter-data-type"},
    { 4, "invalid-tag"},
    { 5, "missing-required-parameter"},
    { 6, "parameter-out-of-range"},
    { 7, "too-many-arguments"},
    { 8, "undefined-enumeration"},
    { 9, "unrecognized-service"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetRestartReason [] = {
    { 0, "unknown"},
    { 1, "coldstart"},
    { 2, "warmstart"},
    { 3, "detected-power-lost"},
    { 4, "detected-powered-off"},
    { 5, "hardware-watchdog"},
    { 6, "software-watchdog"},
    { 7, "suspended"},
    { 8, "activate-changes"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetApplicationTagNumber [] = {
    {  0, "Null"},
    {  1, "Boolean"},
    {  2, "Unsigned Integer"},
    {  3, "Signed Integer (2's complement notation)"},
    {  4, "Real (ANSI/IEE-754 floating point)"},
    {  5, "Double (ANSI/IEE-754 double precision floating point)"},
    {  6, "Octet String"},
    {  7, "Character String"},
    {  8, "Bit String"},
    {  9, "Enumerated"},
    { 10, "Date"},
    { 11, "Time"},
    { 12, "BACnetObjectIdentifier"},
    { 13, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    { 14, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    { 15, "reserved by ASHRAE"},
    { 0,  NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetAction [] = {
    { 0, "direct"},
    { 1, "reverse"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetAccessEvent [] = {
    {  0, "none"},
    {  1, "granted"},
    {  2, "muster"},
    {  3, "passback-detected"},
    {  4, "duress"},
    {  5, "trace"},
    {  6, "lockout-max-attempts"},
    {  7, "lockout-other"},
    {  8, "lockout-relinquished"},
    {  9, "lockout-by-higher-priority"},
    { 10, "out-of-service"},
    { 11, "out-of-service-relinquished"},
    { 12, "accompaniment-by"},
    { 13, "authentication-factor-read"},
    { 14, "authorization-delayed"},
    { 15, "verification-required"},
    /* Enumerated values 128-511 are used for events
     * which indicate that access has been denied. */
    { 128, "denied-deny-all"},
    { 129, "denied-unknown-credential"},
    { 130, "denied-authentication-unavailable"},
    { 131, "denied-authentication-factor-timeout"},
    { 132, "denied-incorrect-authentication-factor"},
    { 133, "denied-zone-no-access-rights"},
    { 134, "denied-point-no-access-rights"},
    { 135, "denied-no-access-rights"},
    { 136, "denied-out-of-time-range"},
    { 137, "denied-threat-level"},
    { 138, "denied-passback"},
    { 139, "denied-unexpected-location-usage"},
    { 140, "denied-max-attempts"},
    { 141, "denied-lower-occupancy-limit"},
    { 142, "denied-upper-occupancy-limit"},
    { 143, "denied-authentication-factor-lost"},
    { 144, "denied-authentication-factor-stolen"},
    { 145, "denied-authentication-factor-damaged"},
    { 146, "denied-authentication-factor-destroyed"},
    { 147, "denied-authentication-factor-disabled"},
    { 148, "denied-authentication-factor-error"},
    { 149, "denied-credential-unassigned"},
    { 150, "denied-credential-not-provisioned"},
    { 151, "denied-credential-not-yet-active"},
    { 152, "denied-credential-expired"},
    { 153, "denied-credential-manual-disable"},
    { 154, "denied-credential-lockout"},
    { 155, "denied-credential-max-days"},
    { 156, "denied-credential-max-uses"},
    { 157, "denied-credential-inactivity"},
    { 158, "denied-credential-disabled"},
    { 159, "denied-no-accompaniment"},
    { 160, "denied-incorrect-accompaniment"},
    { 161, "denied-lockout"},
    { 162, "denied-verification-failed"},
    { 163, "denied-verification-timeout"},
    { 164, "denied-other"},
    { 0,  NULL}
/* Enumerated values 0-512 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Enumerated values 512-65535 may be used by others subject to
   procedures and constraints described in Clause 23. */
};

static const value_string
BACnetAccessZoneOccupancyState[] = {
    { 0, "normal"},
    { 1, "below-lower-limit"},
    { 2, "at-lower-limit"},
    { 3, "at-upper-limit"},
    { 4, "above-upper-limit"},
    { 5, "disabled"},
    { 6, "not-supported"},
    { 0,  NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetAccessPassbackMode[] = {
    { 0, "passback-off" },
    { 1, "hard-passback" },
    { 2, "soft-passback" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAccessCredentialDisableReason[] = {
    { 0, "disabled" },
    { 1, "disabled-needs-provisioning" },
    { 2, "disabled-unassigned" },
    { 3, "disabled-not-yet-active" },
    { 4, "disabled-expired" },
    { 5, "disabled-lockout" },
    { 6, "disabled-max-days" },
    { 7, "disabled-max-uses" },
    { 8, "disabled-inactivity" },
    { 9, "disabled-manual" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAccessUserType[] = {
    { 0, "asset" },
    { 1, "group" },
    { 2, "person" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetWriteStatus[] = {
    { 0, "idle" },
    { 1, "in-progress" },
    { 2, "successful" },
    { 3, "failed" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetLightingTransition[] = {
    { 0, "none" },
    { 1, "fade" },
    { 2, "ramp" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetSecurityLevel[] = {
    { 0, "incapable" },
    { 1, "plain" },
    { 2, "signed" },
    { 3, "encrypted" },
    { 4, "signed-end-to-end" },
    { 5, "encrypted-end-to-end" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAccessCredentialDisable[] = {
    { 0, "none" },
    { 1, "disable" },
    { 2, "disable-manual" },
    { 3, "disable-lockout" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAuthenticationStatus[] = {
    { 0, "not-ready" },
    { 1, "ready" },
    { 2, "disabled" },
    { 3, "waiting-for-authentication-factor" },
    { 4, "waiting-for-accompaniment" },
    { 5, "waiting-for-verification" },
    { 6, "in-progress" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAuthorizationMode[] = {
    { 0, "authorize" },
    { 1, "grant-active" },
    { 2, "deny-all" },
    { 3, "verification-required" },
    { 4, "authorization-delayed" },
    { 5, "none" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAuthorizationExemption[] = {
    { 0, "passback" },
    { 1, "occupancy-check" },
    { 2, "access-rights" },
    { 3, "lockout" },
    { 4, "deny" },
    { 5, "verification" },
    { 6, "authorization-delay" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetLightingInProgress[] = {
    { 0, "idle" },
    { 1, "fade-active" },
    { 2, "ramp-active" },
    { 3, "not-controlled" },
    { 4, "other" },
    { 5, "trim-active" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetColorOperationInProgress[] = {
    { 0, "idle" },
    { 1, "fade-active" },
    { 2, "ramp-active" },
    { 3, "not-controlled" },
    { 4, "other" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetColorTransition[] = {
    { 0, "none" },
    { 1, "fade" },
    { 2, "ramp" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetBinaryLightingPV[] = {
    { 0, "off" },
    { 1, "on" },
    { 2, "warn" },
    { 3, "warn-off" },
    { 4, "warn-relinquish" },
    { 5, "stop" },
    { 6, "toggle" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetBackupState[] = {
    { 0, "idle"},
    { 1, "preparing-for-backup"},
    { 2, "preparing-for-restore"},
    { 3, "performing-a-backup"},
    { 4, "performing-a-restore"},
    { 5, "backup-failure"},
    { 6, "restore-failure"},
    { 0,  NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetAcknowledgedTransitions[] = {
    { 0, "to-offnormal" },
    { 1, "to-fault" },
    { 2, "to-normal" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetFileAccessMethod [] = {
    { 0, "record-access"},
    { 1, "stream-access"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

/* For some reason, BACnet defines the choice parameter
   in the file read and write services backwards from the
   BACnetFileAccessMethod enumeration.
*/
static const value_string
BACnetFileAccessOption [] = {
    { 0, "stream access"},
    { 1, "record access"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetFileStartOption [] = {
    { 0, "File Start Position: "},
    { 1, "File Start Record: "},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BacnetFileRequestedCount [] = {
    { 0, "Requested Octet Count: "},
    { 1, "Requested Record Count: "},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetFileWriteInfo [] = {
    { 0, "File Data: "},
    { 1, "Record Count: "},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetAbortReason [] = {
    { 0, "other"},
    { 1, "buffer-overflow"},
    { 2, "invalid-apdu-in-this-state"},
    { 3, "preempted-by-higher-priority-task"},
    { 4, "segmentation-not-supported"},
    { 5, "security-error"},
    { 6, "insufficient-security"},
    { 7, "window-size-out-of-range"},
    { 8, "application-exceeded-reply-time"},
    { 9, "out-of-resources"},
    { 10, "tsm-timeout"},
    { 11, "apdu-too-long"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetIpMode [] = {
    { 0, "normal"},
    { 1, "foreign"},
    { 2, "bbmd"},
    { 0,  NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetNetworkPortCommand [] = {
    { 0, "idle"},
    { 1, "discard-changes"},
    { 2, "renew-fd-registration"},
    { 3, "restart-slave-discovery"},
    { 4, "renew-dhcp"},
    { 5, "restart-autonegotiation"},
    { 6, "disconnect"},
    { 7, "restart-port"},
    { 8, "generate-csr-file"},
    { 9, "validate-changes"},
    { 10, "restart-device-discovery"},
    { 0,  NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetNetworkNumberQuality [] = {
    { 0, "unknown"},
    { 1, "learned"},
    { 2, "learned-configured"},
    { 3, "configured"},
    { 0,  NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetNetworkType [] = {
    { 0, "ethernet" },
    { 1, "arcnet" },
    { 2, "mstp" },
    { 3, "ptp" },
    { 4, "lontalk" },
    { 5, "bacnet-ipv4" },
    { 6, "zigbee" },
    { 7, "virtual" },
    { 8, "non-bacnet" },
    { 9, "bacnet-ipv6" },
    {10, "serial" },
    {11, "secure-connect" },
    { 0,  NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetSCConnectionState [] = {
    { 0, "not-connected" },
    { 1, "connected" },
    { 2, "disconnected-with-errors" },
    { 3, "failed-to-connect" },
    { 0,  NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetSCHubConnectorState [] = {
    { 0, "no-hub-connection" },
    { 1, "connected-to-primary" },
    { 2, "connected-to-failover" },
    { 0,  NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetLifeSafetyMode [] = {
    {  0, "off"},
    {  1, "on"},
    {  2, "test"},
    {  3, "manned"},
    {  4, "unmanned"},
    {  5, "armed"},
    {  6, "disarmed"},
    {  7, "prearmed"},
    {  8, "slow"},
    {  9, "fast"},
    { 10, "disconnected"},
    { 11, "enabled"},
    { 12, "disabled"},
    { 13, "atomic-release-disabled"},
    { 14, "default"},
    { 15, "activated-oeo-alarm"},
    { 16, "activated-oeo-evacuate"},
    { 17, "activated-oeo-phase1-recall"},
    { 18, "activated-oeo-unavailable"},
    { 19, "deactivated"},
    { 0,  NULL}
/* Enumerated values 0-255 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Enumerated values 256-65535 may be used by others subject to
   procedures and constraints described in Clause 23. */
};

static const value_string
BACnetLifeSafetyOperation [] = {
    { 0, "none"},
    { 1, "silence"},
    { 2, "silence-audible"},
    { 3, "silence-visual"},
    { 4, "reset"},
    { 5, "reset-alarm"},
    { 6, "reset-fault"},
    { 7, "unsilence"},
    { 8, "unsilence-audible"},
    { 9, "unsilence-visual"},
    { 0, NULL}
/* Enumerated values 0-63 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Enumerated values 64-65535 may be used by others subject to
   procedures and constraints described in Clause 23. */
};

static const value_string
BACnetLifeSafetyState [] = {
    {  0, "quiet"},
    {  1, "pre-alarm"},
    {  2, "alarm"},
    {  3, "fault"},
    {  4, "fault-pre-alarm"},
    {  5, "fault-alarm"},
    {  6, "not-ready"},
    {  7, "active"},
    {  8, "tamper"},
    {  9, "test-alarm"},
    { 10, "test-active"},
    { 11, "test-fault"},
    { 12, "test-fault-alarm"},
    { 13, "holdup"},
    { 14, "duress"},
    { 15, "tamper-alarm"},
    { 16, "abnormal"},
    { 17, "emergency-power"},
    { 18, "delayed"},
    { 19, "blocked"},
    { 20, "local-alarm"},
    { 21, "general-alarm"},
    { 22, "supervisory"},
    { 23, "test-supervisory"},
    { 24, "non-default-mode"},
    { 25, "oeo-unavailable"},
    { 26, "oeo-alarm"},
    { 27, "oeo-phase1-recall"},
    { 28, "oeo-evacuate"},
    { 29, "oeo-unaffected"},
    { 30, "test-oeo-unavailable"},
    { 31, "test-oeo-alarm"},
    { 32, "test-oeo-phase1-recall"},
    { 33, "test-oeo-evacuate"},
    { 34, "test-oeo-unaffected"},
    { 0,  NULL}
/* Enumerated values 0-255 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Enumerated values 256-65535 may be used by others subject to
   procedures and constraints described in Clause 23. */
};

static const value_string
BACnetLimitEnable[] = {
    { 0, "low-limit-enable" },
    { 1, "high-limit-enable" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetTimerState [] = {
    { 0, "idle"},
    { 1, "running"},
    { 2, "expired"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetTimerTransition [] = {
    { 0, "none"},
    { 1, "idle-to-running"},
    { 2, "running-to-idle"},
    { 3, "running-to-running"},
    { 4, "running-to-expired"},
    { 5, "forced-to-expired"},
    { 6, "expired-to-idle"},
    { 7, "expired-to-running"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetEscalatorFault [] = {
    { 0, "controller-fault"},
    { 1, "drive-and-motor-fault"},
    { 2, "mechanical-component-fault"},
    { 3, "overspeed-fault"},
    { 4, "power-supply-fault"},
    { 5, "safety-device-fault"},
    { 6, "controller-supply-fault"},
    { 7, "drive-temperature-exceeded"},
    { 8, "comb-plate-fault"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetEscalatorMode [] = {
    { 0, "unknown"},
    { 1, "stop"},
    { 2, "up"},
    { 3, "down"},
    { 4, "inspection"},
    { 5, "out-of-service"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetEscalatorOperationDirection [] = {
    { 0, "unknown"},
    { 1, "stopped"},
    { 2, "up-rated-speed"},
    { 3, "up-reduced-speed"},
    { 4, "down-rated-speed"},
    { 5, "down-reduced-speed"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetLiftCarDirection [] = {
    { 0, "unknown"},
    { 1, "none"},
    { 2, "stopped"},
    { 3, "up"},
    { 4, "down"},
    { 5, "up-and-down"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetLiftCarDoorCommand [] = {
    { 0, "none"},
    { 1, "open"},
    { 2, "close"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetLiftCarDriveStatus [] = {
    { 0, "unknown"},
    { 1, "stationary"},
    { 2, "braking"},
    { 3, "accelerate"},
    { 4, "decelerate"},
    { 5, "rated-speed"},
    { 6, "single-floor-jump"},
    { 7, "two-floor-jump"},
    { 8, "three-floor-jump"},
    { 9, "multi-floor-jump"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetLiftCarMode [] = {
    { 0, "unknown"},
    { 1, "normal"},
    { 2, "vip"},
    { 3, "homing"},
    { 4, "parking"},
    { 5, "attendant-control"},
    { 6, "firefighter-control"},
    { 7, "emergency-power"},
    { 8, "inspection"},
    { 9, "cabinet-recall"},
    { 10, "earthquake-operation"},
    { 11, "fire-operation"},
    { 12, "out-of-service"},
    { 13, "occupant-evacuation"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetLiftFault [] = {
    { 0, "controller-fault"},
    { 1, "drive-and-motor-fault"},
    { 2, "governor-and-safety-gear-fault"},
    { 3, "lift-shaft-device-fault"},
    { 4, "power-supply-fault"},
    { 5, "safety-interlock-fault"},
    { 6, "door-closing-fault"},
    { 7, "door-opening-fault"},
    { 8, "car-stopped-outside-landing-zone"},
    { 9, "call-button-stuck"},
    { 10, "start-failure"},
    { 11, "controller-supply-fault"},
    { 12, "self-test-failure"},
    { 13, "runtime-limit-exceeded"},
    { 14, "position-lost"},
    { 15, "drive-temperature-exceeded"},
    { 16, "load-measurement-fault"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetLiftGroupMode [] = {
    { 0, "unknown"},
    { 1, "normal"},
    { 2, "down-peak"},
    { 3, "two-way"},
    { 4, "four-way"},
    { 5, "emergency-power"},
    { 6, "up-peak"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetProtocolLevel [] = {
    { 0, "physical"},
    { 1, "protocol"},
    { 2, "bacnet-application"},
    { 3, "non-bacnet-application"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetRelationship [] = {
    { 0, "unknown"},
    { 1, "default"},
    { 2, "contains"},
    { 3, "contained-by"},
    { 4, "uses"},
    { 5, "used-by"},
    { 6, "commands"},
    { 7, "commanded-by"},
    { 8, "adjusts"},
    { 9, "adjusted-by"},
    { 10, "ingress"},
    { 11, "egress"},
    { 12, "supplies-air"},
    { 13, "receives-air"},
    { 14, "supplies-hot-air"},
    { 15, "receives-hot-air"},
    { 16, "supplies-cool-air"},
    { 17, "receives-cool-air"},
    { 18, "supplies-power"},
    { 19, "receives-power"},
    { 20, "supplies-gas"},
    { 21, "receives-gas"},
    { 22, "supplies-water"},
    { 23, "receives-water"},
    { 24, "supplies-hot-water"},
    { 25, "receives-hot-water"},
    { 26, "supplies-cool-water"},
    { 27, "receives-cool-water"},
    { 28, "supplies-steam"},
    { 29, "receives-steam"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetLightingOperation[] = {
    { 0, "none" },
    { 1, "fade-to" },
    { 2, "ramp-to" },
    { 3, "step-up" },
    { 4, "step-down" },
    { 5, "step-on" },
    { 6, "step-off" },
    { 7, "warn" },
    { 8, "warn-off" },
    { 9, "warn-relinquish" },
    { 10, "stop" },
    { 11, "restore-on" },
    { 12, "default-on" },
    { 13, "toggle-restor" },
    { 14, "toggle-default" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetColorOperation[] = {
    { 0, "none" },
    { 1, "fade-to-color" },
    { 2, "fade-to-cct" },
    { 3, "ramp-to-cct" },
    { 4, "step-up-cct" },
    { 5, "step-down-cct" },
    { 6, "stop" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice[] = {
    {  0, "acknowledgeAlarm"},
    {  1, "confirmedCOVNotification"},
    {  2, "confirmedEventNotification"},
    {  3, "getAlarmSummary"},
    {  4, "getEnrollmentSummary"},
    {  5, "subscribeCOV"},
    {  6, "atomicReadFile"},
    {  7, "atomicWriteFile"},
    {  8, "addListElement"},
    {  9, "removeListElement"},
    { 10, "createObject"},
    { 11, "deleteObject"},
    { 12, "readProperty"},
    { 13, "readPropertyConditional"},
    { 14, "readPropertyMultiple"},
    { 15, "writeProperty"},
    { 16, "writePropertyMultiple"},
    { 17, "deviceCommunicationControl"},
    { 18, "confirmedPrivateTransfer"},
    { 19, "confirmedTextMessage"},
    { 20, "reinitializeDevice"},
    { 21, "vtOpen"},
    { 22, "vtClose"},
    { 23, "vtData"},
    { 24, "authenticate"},
    { 25, "requestKey"},
    { 26, "readRange"},
    { 27, "lifeSafetyOperation"},
    { 28, "subscribeCOVProperty"},
    { 29, "getEventInformation"},
    { 30, "subscribeCovPropertyMultiple"},
    { 31, "confirmedCovNotificationMultiple"},
    { 32, "confirmedAuditNotification"},
    { 33, "auditLogQuery"},
    { 34, "authRequest" },
    { 0,  NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetReliability [] = {
    {  0, "no-fault-detected"},
    {  1, "no-sensor"},
    {  2, "over-range"},
    {  3, "under-range"},
    {  4, "open-loop"},
    {  5, "shorted-loop"},
    {  6, "no-output"},
    {  7, "unreliable-other"},
    {  8, "process-error"},
    {  9, "multi-state-fault"},
    { 10, "configuration-error"},
    { 11, "reserved for a future addendum"},
    { 12, "communication-failure"},
    { 13, "member-fault"},
    { 14, "monitored-object-fault" },
    { 15, "tripped"},
    { 16, "lamp-failure"},
    { 17, "activation-failure"},
    { 18, "renew-dhcp-failure"},
    { 19, "renew-fd-registration-failure"},
    { 20, "restart-auto-negotiation-failure"},
    { 21, "restart-failure"},
    { 22, "proprietary-command-failure"},
    { 23, "faults-listed"},
    { 24, "referenced-object-fault"},
    { 25, "multi-state-out-of-range"},
    { 0,  NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetRouterStatus[] = {
    { 0, "available" },
    { 1, "busy" },
    { 2, "disconnected" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetUnconfirmedServiceChoice [] = {
    { 0, "i-Am"},
    { 1, "i-Have"},
    { 2, "unconfirmedCOVNotification"},
    { 3, "unconfirmedEventNotification"},
    { 4, "unconfirmedPrivateTransfer"},
    { 5, "unconfirmedTextMessage"},
    { 6, "timeSynchronization"},
    { 7, "who-Has"},
    { 8, "who-Is"},
    { 9, "utcTimeSynchronization"},
    { 10, "writeGroup"},
    { 11, "unconfirmedCovNotificationMultiple"},
    { 12, "unconfirmedAuditNotification"},
    { 13, "who-am-I" },
    { 14, "you-are" },
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetObjectType [] = {
    {  0, "analog-input"},
    {  1, "analog-output"},
    {  2, "analog-value"},
    {  3, "binary-input"},
    {  4, "binary-output"},
    {  5, "binary-value"},
    {  6, "calendar"},
    {  7, "command"},
    {  8, "device"},
    {  9, "event-enrollment"},
    { 10, "file"},
    { 11, "group"},
    { 12, "loop"},
    { 13, "multi-state-input"},
    { 14, "multi-state-output"},
    { 15, "notification-class"},
    { 16, "program"},
    { 17, "schedule"},
    { 18, "averaging"},
    { 19, "multi-state-value"},
    { 20, "trend-log"},
    { 21, "life-safety-point"},
    { 22, "life-safety-zone"},
    { 23, "accumulator"},
    { 24, "pulse-converter"},
    { 25, "event-log"},
    { 26, "global-group"},
    { 27, "trend-log-multiple"},
    { 28, "load-control"},
    { 29, "structured-view"},
    { 30, "access-door"},     /* 30-37 added with addanda 135-2008j */
    { 31, "timer"},
    { 32, "access-credential"},
    { 33, "access-point"},
    { 34, "access-rights"},
    { 35, "access-user"},
    { 36, "access-zone"},
    { 37, "credential-data-input"},
    { 38, "network-security"},
    { 39, "bitstring-value"},     /* 39-50 added with addenda 135-2008w */
    { 40, "characterstring-value"},
    { 41, "date-pattern-value"},
    { 42, "date-value"},
    { 43, "datetime-pattern-value"},
    { 44, "datetime-value"},
    { 45, "integer-value"},
    { 46, "large-analog-value"},
    { 47, "octetstring-value"},
    { 48, "positive-integer-value"},
    { 49, "time-pattern-value"},
    { 50, "time-value"},
    { 51, "notification-forwarder"},
    { 52, "alert-enrollment"},
    { 53, "channel"},
    { 54, "lighting-output"},
    { 55, "binary-lighting-output"},
    { 56, "network-port"},
    { 57, "elevator-group"},
    { 58, "escalator"},
    { 59, "lift"},
    { 60, "staging"},
    { 61, "audit-log"},
    { 62, "audit-reporter"},
    { 63, "color"},
    { 64, "color-temperature"},
    { 0,  NULL}
/* Enumerated values 0-127 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Enumerated values 128-1023 may be used by others subject to
   the procedures and constraints described in Clause 23. */
};
static value_string_ext BACnetObjectType_ext = VALUE_STRING_EXT_INIT(BACnetObjectType);

static const value_string
BACnetObjectTypeAbbrev[] = {
    {  0, "AI" },
    {  1, "AO" },
    {  2, "AV" },
    {  3, "BI" },
    {  4, "BO" },
    {  5, "BV" },
    {  6, "CAL" },
    {  7, "CMD" },
    {  8, "DEV" },
    {  9, "EE" },
    { 10, "FV" },
    { 11, "G" },
    { 12, "LP" },
    { 13, "MSI" },
    { 14, "MSO" },
    { 15, "NC" },
    { 16, "PROG" },
    { 17, "SCH" },
    { 18, "AVG" },
    { 19, "MSVV" },
    { 20, "TLV" },
    { 21, "LSP" },
    { 22, "LSZV" },
    { 23, "ACM" },
    { 24, "PC" },
    { 25, "EL" },
    { 26, "GG" },
    { 27, "TLM" },
    { 28, "LCV" },
    { 29, "SV" },
    { 30, "ACD" },
    { 32, "ACC" },
    { 33, "ACP" },
    { 34, "ACR" },
    { 35, "ACU" },
    { 36, "ACZ" },
    { 37, "CDI" },
    { 38, "NS" },
    { 39, "BSV" },
    { 40, "CSV" },
    { 41, "DPV" },
    { 42, "DV" },
    { 43, "DTPV" },
    { 44, "DTV" },
    { 45, "IVV" },
    { 46, "LAV" },
    { 47, "OSV" },
    { 48, "UV" },
    { 49, "TPV" },
    { 50, "TVV" },
    { 51, "NFV" },
    { 52, "AE" },
    { 53, "CH" },
    { 54, "LO" },
    { 55, "BLO" },
    { 56, "NP" },
    { 57, "EG" },
    { 58, "ES" },
    { 59, "L" },
    { 60, "STG" },
    { 61, "ALV" },
    { 62, "AR" },
    { 63, "CO" },
    { 64, "CT" },
    {  0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetEngineeringUnits [] = {
    {   0, "Sq Meters"},
    {   1, "Sq Feet"},
    {   2, "Milliamperes"},
    {   3, "Amperes"},
    {   4, "Ohms"},
    {   5, "Volts"},
    {   6, "Kilovolts"},
    {   7, "Megavolts"},
    {   8, "Volt Amperes"},
    {   9, "Kilovolt Amperes"},
    {  10, "Megavolt Amperes"},
    {  11, "Volt Amperes Reactive"},
    {  12, "Kilovolt Amperes Reactive"},
    {  13, "Megavolt Amperes Reactive"},
    {  14, "Degrees Phase"},
    {  15, "Power Factor"},
    {  16, "Joules"},
    {  17, "Kilojoules"},
    {  18, "Watt Hours"},
    {  19, "Kilowatt Hours"},
    {  20, "BTUs"},
    {  21, "Therms"},
    {  22, "Ton Hours"},
    {  23, "Joules Per Kg Dry Air"},
    {  24, "BTUs Per Pound Dry Air"},
    {  25, "Cycles Per Hour"},
    {  26, "Cycles Per Minute"},
    {  27, "Hertz"},
    {  28, "Grams Of Water Per Kilogram Dry Air"},
    {  29, "Relative Humidity"},
    {  30, "Millimeters"},
    {  31, "Meters"},
    {  32, "Inches"},
    {  33, "Feed"},
    {  34, "Watts Per Sq Foot"},
    {  35, "Watts Per Sq meter"},
    {  36, "Lumens"},
    {  37, "Lux"},
    {  38, "Foot Candles"},
    {  39, "Kilograms"},
    {  40, "Pounds Mass"},
    {  41, "Tons"},
    {  42, "Kgs per Second"},
    {  43, "Kgs Per Minute"},
    {  44, "Kgs Per Hour"},
    {  45, "Pounds Mass Per Minute"},
    {  46, "Pounds Mass Per Hour"},
    {  47, "Watt"},
    {  48, "Kilowatts"},
    {  49, "Megawatts"},
    {  50, "BTUs Per Hour"},
    {  51, "Horsepower"},
    {  52, "Tons Refrigeration"},
    {  53, "Pascals"},
    {  54, "Kilopascals"},
    {  55, "Bars"},
    {  56, "Pounds Force Per Square Inch"},
    {  57, "Centimeters Of Water"},
    {  58, "Inches Of Water"},
    {  59, "Millimeters Of Mercury"},
    {  60, "Centimeters Of Mercury"},
    {  61, "Inches Of Mercury"},
    {  62, "Degrees Celsius"},
    {  63, "Degrees Kelvin"},
    {  64, "Degrees Fahrenheit"},
    {  65, "Degree Days Celsius"},
    {  66, "Degree Days Fahrenheit"},
    {  67, "Years"},
    {  68, "Months"},
    {  69, "Weeks"},
    {  70, "Days"},
    {  71, "Hours"},
    {  72, "Minutes"},
    {  73, "Seconds"},
    {  74, "Meters Per Second"},
    {  75, "Kilometers Per Hour"},
    {  76, "Feed Per Second"},
    {  77, "Feet Per Minute"},
    {  78, "Miles Per Hour"},
    {  79, "Cubic Feet"},
    {  80, "Cubic Meters"},
    {  81, "Imperial Gallons"},
    {  82, "Liters"},
    {  83, "US Gallons"},
    {  84, "Cubic Feet Per Minute"},
    {  85, "Cubic Meters Per Second"},
    {  86, "Imperial Gallons Per Minute"},
    {  87, "Liters Per Second"},
    {  88, "Liters Per Minute"},
    {  89, "US Gallons Per Minute"},
    {  90, "Degrees Angular"},
    {  91, "Degrees Celsius Per Hour"},
    {  92, "Degrees Celsius Per Minute"},
    {  93, "Degrees Fahrenheit Per Hour"},
    {  94, "Degrees Fahrenheit Per Minute"},
    {  95, "No Units"},
    {  96, "Parts Per Million"},
    {  97, "Parts Per Billion"},
    {  98, "Percent"},
    {  99, "Percent Per Second"},
    { 100, "Per Minute"},
    { 101, "Per Second"},
    { 102, "Psi Per Degree Fahrenheit"},
    { 103, "Radians"},
    { 104, "Revolutions Per Min"},
    { 105, "Currency1"},
    { 106, "Currency2"},
    { 107, "Currency3"},
    { 108, "Currency4"},
    { 109, "Currency5"},
    { 110, "Currency6"},
    { 111, "Currency7"},
    { 112, "Currency8"},
    { 113, "Currency9"},
    { 114, "Currency10"},
    { 115, "Sq Inches"},
    { 116, "Sq Centimeters"},
    { 117, "BTUs Per Pound"},
    { 118, "Centimeters"},
    { 119, "Pounds Mass Per Second"},
    { 120, "Delta Degrees Fahrenheit"},
    { 121, "Delta Degrees Kelvin"},
    { 122, "Kilohms"},
    { 123, "Megohms"},
    { 124, "Millivolts"},
    { 125, "Kilojoules Per Kg"},
    { 126, "Megajoules"},
    { 127, "Joules Per Degree Kelvin"},
    { 128, "Joules Per Kg Degree Kelvin"},
    { 129, "Kilohertz"},
    { 130, "Megahertz"},
    { 131, "Per Hour"},
    { 132, "Milliwatts"},
    { 133, "Hectopascals"},
    { 134, "Millibars"},
    { 135, "Cubic Meters Per Hour"},
    { 136, "Liters Per Hour"},
    { 137, "KWatt Hours Per Square Meter"},
    { 138, "KWatt Hours Per Square Foot"},
    { 139, "Megajoules Per Square Meter"},
    { 140, "Megajoules Per Square Foot"},
    { 141, "Watts Per Sq Meter Degree Kelvin"},
    { 142, "Cubic Feet Per Second"},
    { 143, "Percent Obstruction Per Foot"},
    { 144, "Percent Obstruction Per Meter"},
    { 145, "milliohms"},
    { 146, "megawatt-hours"},
    { 147, "kilo-btus"},
    { 148, "mega-btus"},
    { 149, "kilojoules-per-kilogram-dry-air"},
    { 150, "megajoules-per-kilogram-dry-air"},
    { 151, "kilojoules-per-degree-Kelvin"},
    { 152, "megajoules-per-degree-Kelvin"},
    { 153, "newton"},
    { 154, "grams-per-second"},
    { 155, "grams-per-minute"},
    { 156, "tons-per-hour"},
    { 157, "kilo-btus-per-hour"},
    { 158, "hundredths-seconds"},
    { 159, "milliseconds"},
    { 160, "newton-meters"},
    { 161, "millimeters-per-second"},
    { 162, "millimeters-per-minute"},
    { 163, "meters-per-minute"},
    { 164, "meters-per-hour"},
    { 165, "cubic-meters-per-minute"},
    { 166, "meters-per-second-per-second"},
    { 167, "amperes-per-meter"},
    { 168, "amperes-per-square-meter"},
    { 169, "ampere-square-meters"},
    { 170, "farads"},
    { 171, "henrys"},
    { 172, "ohm-meters"},
    { 173, "siemens"},
    { 174, "siemens-per-meter"},
    { 175, "teslas"},
    { 176, "volts-per-degree-Kelvin"},
    { 177, "volts-per-meter"},
    { 178, "webers"},
    { 179, "candelas"},
    { 180, "candelas-per-square-meter"},
    { 181, "degrees-Kelvin-per-hour"},
    { 182, "degrees-Kelvin-per-minute"},
    { 183, "joule-seconds"},
    { 184, "radians-per-second"},
    { 185, "square-meters-per-Newton"},
    { 186, "kilograms-per-cubic-meter"},
    { 187, "newton-seconds"},
    { 188, "newtons-per-meter"},
    { 189, "watts-per-meter-per-degree-Kelvin"},
    { 190, "micro-siemens"},
    { 191, "cubic-feet-per-hour"},
    { 192, "us-gallons-per-hour"},
    { 193, "kilometers"},
    { 194, "micrometers"},
    { 195, "grams"},
    { 196, "milligrams"},
    { 197, "milliliters"},
    { 198, "milliliters-per-second"},
    { 199, "decibels"},
    { 200, "decibels-millivolt"},
    { 201, "decibels-volt"},
    { 202, "millisiemens"},
    { 203, "watt-hours-reactive"},
    { 204, "kilowatt-hours-reactive"},
    { 205, "megawatt-hours-reactive"},
    { 206, "millimeters-of-water"},
    { 207, "per-mille"},
    { 208, "grams-per-gram"},
    { 209, "kilograms-per-kilogram"},
    { 210, "grams-per-kilogram"},
    { 211, "milligrams-per-gram"},
    { 212, "milligrams-per-kilogram"},
    { 213, "grams-per-milliliter"},
    { 214, "grams-per-liter"},
    { 215, "milligrams-per-liter"},
    { 216, "micrograms-per-liter"},
    { 217, "grams-per-cubic-meter"},
    { 218, "milligrams-per-cubic-meter"},
    { 219, "micrograms-per-cubic-meter"},
    { 220, "nanograms-per-cubic-meter"},
    { 221, "grams-per-cubic-centimeter"},
    { 222, "becquerels"},
    { 223, "kilobecquerels"},
    { 224, "megabecquerels"},
    { 225, "gray"},
    { 226, "milligray"},
    { 227, "microgray"},
    { 228, "sieverts"},
    { 229, "millisieverts"},
    { 230, "microsieverts"},
    { 231, "microsieverts-per-hour"},
    { 232, "decibels-a"},
    { 233, "nephelometric-turbidity-unit"},
    { 234, "pH"},
    { 235, "grams-per-square-meter"},
    { 236, "minutes-per-degree-kelvin"},
    { 237, "ohm-meter-squared-per-meter"},
    { 238, "ampere-seconds"},
    { 239, "volt-ampere-hours"},
    { 240, "kilovolt-ampere-hours"},
    { 241, "megavolt-ampere-hours"},
    { 242, "volt-ampere-hours-reactive"},
    { 243, "kilovolt-ampere-hours-reactive"},
    { 244, "megavolt-ampere-hours-reactive"},
    { 245, "volt-square-hours"},
    { 246, "ampere-square-hours"},
    { 247, "joule-per-hours"},
    { 248, "cubic-feet-per-day"},
    { 249, "cubic-meters-per-day"},
    { 250, "watt-hours-per-cubic-meter"},
    { 251, "joules-per-cubic-meter"},
    { 252, "mole-percent"},
    { 253, "pascal-seconds"},
    { 254, "million-standard-cubic-feet-per-minute"},
    { 255, "unassigned-unit-value-255"},
    { 47808, "standard-cubic-feet-per-day"},
    { 47809, "million-standard-cubic-feet-per-day"},
    { 47810, "thousand-cubic-feet-per-day"},
    { 47811, "thousand-standard-cubic-feet-per-day"},
    { 47812, "pounds-mass-per-day"},
    { 47813, "reserved-unit-47813"},
    { 47814, "millirems"},
    { 47815, "millirems-per-hour"},
    { 47816, "degrees-lovibond"},
    { 47817, "alcohol-by-volume"},
    { 47818, "international-bittering-units"},
    { 47819, "european-bitterness-units"},
    { 47820, "degrees-plato"},
    { 47821, "specific-gravity"},
    { 47822, "european-brewing-convention"},
    { 0,   NULL}
/* Enumerated values 0-255 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Enumerated values 256-65535 may be used by others subject to
   the procedures and constraints described in Clause 23. */
};

static const value_string
BACnetErrorCode [] = {
    {   0, "other"},
    {   1, "authentication-failed"},
    {   2, "configuration-in-progress"},
    {   3, "device-busy"},
    {   4, "dynamic-creation-not-supported"},
    {   5, "file-access-denied"},
    {   6, "incompatible-security-levels"},
    {   7, "inconsistent-parameters"},
    {   8, "inconsistent-selection-criterion"},
    {   9, "invalid-data-type"},
    {  10, "invalid-file-access-method"},
    {  11, "invalid-file-start-position"},
    {  12, "invalid-operator-name"},
    {  13, "invalid-parameter-data-type"},
    {  14, "invalid-time-stamp"},
    {  15, "key-generation-error"},
    {  16, "missing-required-parameter"},
    {  17, "no-objects-of-specified-type"},
    {  18, "no-space-for-object"},
    {  19, "no-space-to-add-list-element"},
    {  20, "no-space-to-write-property"},
    {  21, "no-vt-sessions-available"},
    {  22, "property-is-not-a-list"},
    {  23, "object-deletion-not-permitted"},
    {  24, "object-identifier-already-exists"},
    {  25, "operational-problem"},
    {  26, "password-failure"},
    {  27, "read-access-denied"},
    {  28, "security-not-supported"},
    {  29, "service-request-denied"},
    {  30, "timeout"},
    {  31, "unknown-object"},
    {  32, "unknown-property"},
    {  33, "removed enumeration"},
    {  34, "unknown-vt-class"},
    {  35, "unknown-vt-session"},
    {  36, "unsupported-object-type"},
    {  37, "value-out-of-range"},
    {  38, "vt-session-already-closed"},
    {  39, "vt-session-termination-failure"},
    {  40, "write-access-denied"},
    {  41, "character-set-not-supported"},
    {  42, "invalid-array-index"},
    {  43, "cov-subscription-failed"},
    {  44, "not-cov-property"},
    {  45, "optional-functionality-not-supported"},
    {  46, "invalid-configuration-data"},
    {  47, "datatype-not-supported"},
    {  48, "duplicate-name"},
    {  49, "duplicate-object-id"},
    {  50, "property-is-not-an-array"},
    {  51, "abort - buffer - overflow" },
    {  52, "abort - invalid - apdu - in - this - state" },
    {  53, "abort - preempted - by - higher - priority - task" },
    {  54, "abort - segmentation - not - supported" },
    {  55, "abort - proprietary" },
    {  56, "abort - other" },
    {  57, "invalid - tag" },
    {  58, "network - down" },
    {  59, "reject - buffer - overflow" },
    {  60, "reject - inconsistent - parameters" },
    {  61, "reject - invalid - parameter - data - type" },
    {  62, "reject - invalid - tag" },
    {  63, "reject - missing - required - parameter" },
    {  64, "reject - parameter - out - of - range" },
    {  65, "reject - too - many - arguments" },
    {  66, "reject - undefined - enumeration" },
    {  67, "reject - unrecognized - service" },
    {  68, "reject - proprietary" },
    {  69, "reject - other" },
    {  70, "unknown - device" },
    {  71, "unknown - route" },
    {  72, "value - not - initialized" },
    {  73, "invalid-event-state"},
    {  74, "no-alarm-configured"},
    {  75, "log-buffer-full"},
    {  76, "logged-value-purged"},
    {  77, "no-property-specified"},
    {  78, "not-configured-for-triggered-logging"},
    {  79, "unknown-subscription"},
    {  80, "parameter-out-of-range"},
    {  81, "list-element-not-found"},
    {  82, "busy"},
    {  83, "communication-disabled"},
    {  84, "success"},
    {  85, "access-denied"},
    {  86, "bad-destination-address"},
    {  87, "bad-destination-device-id"},
    {  88, "bad-signature"},
    {  89, "bad-source-address"},
    {  90, "bad-timestamp"},
    {  91, "cannot-use-key"},
    {  92, "cannot-verify-message-id"},
    {  93, "correct-key-revision"},
    {  94, "destination-device-id-required"},
    {  95, "duplicate-message"},
    {  96, "encryption-not-configured"},
    {  97, "encryption-required"},
    {  98, "incorrect-key"},
    {  99, "invalid-key-data"},
    { 100, "key-update-in-progress"},
    { 101, "malformed-message"},
    { 102, "not-key-server"},
    { 103, "security-not-configured"},
    { 104, "source-security-required"},
    { 105, "too-many-keys"},
    { 106, "unknown-authentication-type"},
    { 107, "unknown-key"},
    { 108, "unknown-key-revision"},
    { 109, "unknown-source-message"},
    { 110, "not-router-to-dnet"},
    { 111, "router-busy"},
    { 112, "unknown-network-message"},
    { 113, "message-too-long"},
    { 114, "security-error"},
    { 115, "addressing-error"},
    { 116, "write-bdt-failed"},
    { 117, "read-bdt-failed"},
    { 118, "register-foreign-device-failed"},
    { 119, "read-fdt-failed"},
    { 120, "delete-fdt-entry-failed"},
    { 121, "distribute-broadcast-failed"},
    { 122, "unknown-file-size"},
    { 123, "abort-apdu-too-long"},
    { 124, "abort-application-exceeded-reply-time"},
    { 125, "abort-out-of-resources"},
    { 126, "abort-tsm-timeout"},
    { 127, "abort-window-size-out-of-range"},
    { 128, "file-full"},
    { 129, "inconsistent-configuration"},
    { 130, "inconsistent-object-type"},
    { 131, "internal-error"},
    { 132, "not-configured"},
    { 133, "out-of-memory"},
    { 134, "value-too-long"},
    { 135, "abort-insufficient-security"},
    { 136, "abort-security-error"},
    { 137, "duplicate-entry"},
    { 138, "invalid-value-in-this-state"},
    { 139, "invalid-operation-in-this-state"},
    { 140, "list-item-not-numbered"},
    { 141, "list-item-not-timestamped"},
    { 142, "invalid-data-encoding"},
    { 143, "bvlc-function-unknown"},
    { 144, "bvlc-proprietary-function-unknown"},
    { 145, "header-encoding-error"},
    { 146, "header-not-understood"},
    { 147, "message-incomplete"},
    { 148, "not-a-bacnet-sc-hub"},
    { 149, "payload-expected"},
    { 150, "unexpected-data"},
    { 151, "node-duplicate-vmac"},
    { 152, "http-unexpected-response-code"},
    { 153, "http-no-upgrade"},
    { 154, "http-resource-not-local"},
    { 155, "http-proxy-authentication-failed"},
    { 156, "http-response-timeout"},
    { 157, "http-response-syntax-error"},
    { 158, "http-response-value-error"},
    { 159, "http-response-missing-header"},
    { 160, "http-websocket-header-error"},
    { 161, "http-upgrade-required"},
    { 162, "http-upgrade-error"},
    { 163, "http-temporary-unavailable"},
    { 164, "http-not-a-server"},
    { 165, "http-error"},
    { 166, "websocket-scheme-not-supported"},
    { 167, "websocket-unknown-control-message"},
    { 168, "websocket-close-error"},
    { 169, "websocket-closed-by-peer"},
    { 170, "websocket-endpoint-leaves"},
    { 171, "websocket-protocol-error"},
    { 172, "websocket-data-not-accepted"},
    { 173, "websocket-closed-abnormally"},
    { 174, "websocket-data-inconsistent"},
    { 175, "websocket-data-against-policy"},
    { 176, "websocket-frame-too-long"},
    { 177, "websocket-extension-missing"},
    { 178, "websocket-request-unavailable"},
    { 179, "websocket-error"},
    { 180, "tls-client-certificate-error"},
    { 181, "tls-server-certificate-error"},
    { 182, "tls-client-authentication-failed"},
    { 183, "tls-server-authentication-failed"},
    { 184, "tls-client-certificate-expired"},
    { 185, "tls-server-certificate-expired"},
    { 186, "tls-client-certificate-revoked"},
    { 187, "tls-server-certificate-revoked"},
    { 188, "tls-error"},
    { 189, "dns-unavailable"},
    { 190, "dns-name-resolution-failed"},
    { 191, "dns-resolver-failure"},
    { 192, "dns-error"},
    { 193, "tcp-connect-timeout"},
    { 194, "tcp-connection-refused"},
    { 195, "tcp-closed-by-local"},
    { 196, "tcp-closed-other"},
    { 197, "tcp-error"},
    { 198, "ip-address-not-reachable"},
    { 199, "ip-error"},
    { 200, "certificate-expired"},
    { 201, "certificate-invalid"},
    { 202, "certificate-malformed"},
    { 203, "certificate-revoked"},
    { 204, "unknown-key"},
    { 205, "referenced-port-in-error"},
    { 206, "not-enabled"},
    { 207, "adjust-scope-required"},
    { 208, "auth-scope-required"},
    { 209, "bind-scope-required"},
    { 210, "config-scope-required"},
    { 211, "control-scope-required"},
    { 212, "extended-scope-required"},
    { 213, "incorrect-client"},
    { 214, "install-scope-required"},
    { 215, "insufficient-scope"},
    { 216, "no-default-scope"},
    { 217, "no-policy"},
    { 218, "revoked-token"},
    { 219, "override-scope-required"},
    { 220, "inactive-token"},
    { 221, "unknown-audience"},
    { 222, "unknown-client"},
    { 223, "unknown-scope"},
    { 224, "view-scope-required"},
    { 225, "incorrect-audience"},
    { 226, "incorrect-client-origin"},
    { 227, "invalid-array-size"},
    { 228, "incorrect-issuer"},
    { 229, "invalid-token"},
    { 0,   NULL}
/* Enumerated values 0-255 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Enumerated values 256-65535 may be used by others subject to the
   procedures and constraints described in Clause 23. */
};
static value_string_ext BACnetErrorCode_ext = VALUE_STRING_EXT_INIT(BACnetErrorCode);

static const value_string
BACnetPropertyIdentifier [] = {
    {   0, "acked-transition"},
    {   1, "ack-required"},
    {   2, "action"},
    {   3, "action-text"},
    {   4, "active-text"},
    {   5, "active-vt-session"},
    {   6, "alarm-value"},
    {   7, "alarm-values"},
    {   8, "all"},
    {   9, "all-writes-successful"},
    {  10, "apdu-segment-timeout"},
    {  11, "apdu-timeout"},
    {  12, "application-software-version"},
    {  13, "archive"},
    {  14, "bias"},
    {  15, "change-of-state-count"},
    {  16, "change-of-state-time"},
    {  17, "notification-class"},
    {  18, "the property in this place was deleted"},
    {  19, "controlled-variable-reference"},
    {  20, "controlled-variable-units"},
    {  21, "controlled-variable-value"},
    {  22, "cov-increment"},
    {  23, "datelist"},
    {  24, "daylights-savings-status"},
    {  25, "deadband"},
    {  26, "derivative-constant"},
    {  27, "derivative-constant-units"},
    {  28, "description"},
    {  29, "description-of-halt"},
    {  30, "device-address-binding"},
    {  31, "device-type"},
    {  32, "effective-period"},
    {  33, "elapsed-active-time"},
    {  34, "error-limit"},
    {  35, "event-enable"},
    {  36, "event-state"},
    {  37, "event-type"},
    {  38, "exception-schedule"},
    {  39, "fault-values"},
    {  40, "feedback-value"},
    {  41, "file-access-method"},
    {  42, "file-size"},
    {  43, "file-type"},
    {  44, "firmware-revision"},
    {  45, "high-limit"},
    {  46, "inactive-text"},
    {  47, "in-process"},
    {  48, "instance-of"},
    {  49, "integral-constant"},
    {  50, "integral-constant-units"},
    {  51, "issue-confirmed-notifications"},
    {  52, "limit-enable"},
    {  53, "list-of-group-members"},
    {  54, "list-of-object-property-references"},
    {  55, "list-of-session-keys"},
    {  56, "local-date"},
    {  57, "local-time"},
    {  58, "location"},
    {  59, "low-limit"},
    {  60, "manipulated-variable-reference"},
    {  61, "maximum-output"},
    {  62, "max-apdu-length-accepted"},
    {  63, "max-info-frames"},
    {  64, "max-master"},
    {  65, "max-pres-value"},
    {  66, "minimum-off-time"},
    {  67, "minimum-on-time"},
    {  68, "minimum-output"},
    {  69, "min-pres-value"},
    {  70, "model-name"},
    {  71, "modification-date"},
    {  72, "notify-type"},
    {  73, "number-of-APDU-retries"},
    {  74, "number-of-states"},
    {  75, "object-identifier"},
    {  76, "object-list"},
    {  77, "object-name"},
    {  78, "object-property-reference"},
    {  79, "object-type"},
    {  80, "optional"},
    {  81, "out-of-service"},
    {  82, "output-units"},
    {  83, "event-parameters"},
    {  84, "polarity"},
    {  85, "present-value"},
    {  86, "priority"},
    {  87, "priority-array"},
    {  88, "priority-for-writing"},
    {  89, "process-identifier"},
    {  90, "program-change"},
    {  91, "program-location"},
    {  92, "program-state"},
    {  93, "proportional-constant"},
    {  94, "proportional-constant-units"},
    {  95, "protocol-conformance-class"},
    {  96, "protocol-object-types-supported"},
    {  97, "protocol-services-supported"},
    {  98, "protocol-version"},
    {  99, "read-only"},
    { 100, "reason-for-halt"},
    { 101, "recipient"},
    { 102, "recipient-list"},
    { 103, "reliability"},
    { 104, "relinquish-default"},
    { 105, "required"},
    { 106, "resolution"},
    { 107, "segmentation-supported"},
    { 108, "setpoint"},
    { 109, "setpoint-reference"},
    { 110, "state-text"},
    { 111, "status-flags"},
    { 112, "system-status"},
    { 113, "time-delay"},
    { 114, "time-of-active-time-reset"},
    { 115, "time-of-state-count-reset"},
    { 116, "time-synchronization-recipients"},
    { 117, "units"},
    { 118, "update-interval"},
    { 119, "utc-offset"},
    { 120, "vendor-identifier"},
    { 121, "vendor-name"},
    { 122, "vt-class-supported"},
    { 123, "weekly-schedule"},
    { 124, "attempted-samples"},
    { 125, "average-value"},
    { 126, "buffer-size"},
    { 127, "client-cov-increment"},
    { 128, "cov-resubscription-interval"},
    { 129, "current-notify-time"},
    { 130, "event-time-stamp"},
    { 131, "log-buffer"},
    { 132, "log-device-object-property"},
    { 133, "enable"}, /* per ANSI/ASHRAE 135-2004 addendum B */
    { 134, "log-interval"},
    { 135, "maximum-value"},
    { 136, "minimum-value"},
    { 137, "notification-threshold"},
    { 138, "previous-notify-time"},
    { 139, "protocol-revision"},
    { 140, "records-since-notification"},
    { 141, "record-count"},
    { 142, "start-time"},
    { 143, "stop-time"},
    { 144, "stop-when-full"},
    { 145, "total-record-count"},
    { 146, "valid-samples"},
    { 147, "window-interval"},
    { 148, "window-samples"},
    { 149, "maximum-value-time-stamp"},
    { 150, "minimum-value-time-stamp"},
    { 151, "variance-value"},
    { 152, "active-cov-subscriptions"},
    { 153, "backup-failure-timeout"},
    { 154, "configuration-files"},
    { 155, "database-revision"},
    { 156, "direct-reading"},
    { 157, "last-restore-time"},
    { 158, "maintenance-required"},
    { 159, "member-of"},
    { 160, "mode"},
    { 161, "operation-expected"},
    { 162, "setting"},
    { 163, "silenced"},
    { 164, "tracking-value"},
    { 165, "zone-members"},
    { 166, "life-safety-alarm-values"},
    { 167, "max-segments-accepted"},
    { 168, "profile-name"},
    { 169, "auto-slave-discovery"},
    { 170, "manual-slave-address-binding"},
    { 171, "slave-address-binding"},
    { 172, "slave-proxy-enable"},
    { 173, "last-notify-record"},     /* bug 4117 */
    { 174, "schedule-default"},
    { 175, "accepted-modes"},
    { 176, "adjust-value"},
    { 177, "count"},
    { 178, "count-before-change"},
    { 179, "count-change-time"},
    { 180, "cov-period"},
    { 181, "input-reference"},
    { 182, "limit-monitoring-interval"},
    { 183, "logging-object"},
    { 184, "logging-record"},
    { 185, "prescale"},
    { 186, "pulse-rate"},
    { 187, "scale"},
    { 188, "scale-factor"},
    { 189, "update-time"},
    { 190, "value-before-change"},
    { 191, "value-set"},
    { 192, "value-change-time"},
    { 193, "align-intervals"},
    { 194, "group-member-names"},
    { 195, "interval-offset"},
    { 196, "last-restart-reason"},
    { 197, "logging-type"},
    { 198, "member-status-flags"},
    { 199, "notification-period"},
    { 200, "previous-notify-record"},
    { 201, "requested-update-interval"},
    { 202, "restart-notification-recipients"},
    { 203, "time-of-device-restart"},
    { 204, "time-synchronization-interval"},
    { 205, "trigger"},
    { 206, "UTC-time-synchronization-recipients"},
    { 207, "node-subtype"},
    { 208, "node-type"},
    { 209, "structured-object-list"},
    { 210, "subordinate-annotations"},
    { 211, "subordinate-list"},
    { 212, "actual-shed-level"},
    { 213, "duty-window"},
    { 214, "expected-shed-level"},
    { 215, "full-duty-baseline"},
    { 216, "node-subtype"},
    { 217, "node-type"},
    { 218, "requested-shed-level"},
    { 219, "shed-duration"},
    { 220, "shed-level-descriptions"},
    { 221, "shed-levels"},
    { 222, "state-description"},
    /* enumeration values 223-225 are unassigned */
    { 226, "door-alarm-state"},
    { 227, "door-extended-pulse-time"},
    { 228, "door-members"},
    { 229, "door-open-too-long-time"},
    { 230, "door-pulse-time"},
    { 231, "door-status"},
    { 232, "door-unlock-delay-time"},
    { 233, "lock-status"},
    { 234, "masked-alarm-values"},
    { 235, "secured-status"},
    /* enumeration values 236-243 are unassigned */
    { 244, "absentee-limit"},     /* added with addenda 135-2008j */
    { 245, "access-alarm-events"},
    { 246, "access-doors"},
    { 247, "access-event"},
    { 248, "access-event-authentication-factor"},
    { 249, "access-event-credential"},
    { 250, "access-event-time"},
    { 251, "access-transaction-events"},
    { 252, "accompaniment"},
    { 253, "accompaniment-time"},
    { 254, "activation-time"},
    { 255, "active-authentication-policy"},
    { 256, "assigned-access-rights"},
    { 257, "authentication-factors"},
    { 258, "authentication-policy-list"},
    { 259, "authentication-policy-names"},
    { 260, "authentication-status"},
    { 261, "authorization-mode"},
    { 262, "belongs-to"},
    { 263, "credential-disable"},
    { 264, "credential-status"},
    { 265, "credentials"},
    { 266, "credentials-in-zone"},
    { 267, "days-remaining"},
    { 268, "entry-points"},
    { 269, "exit-points"},
    { 270, "expiration-time"},
    { 271, "extended-time-enable"},
    { 272, "failed-attempt-events"},
    { 273, "failed-attempts"},
    { 274, "failed-attempts-time"},
    { 275, "last-access-event"},
    { 276, "last-access-point"},
    { 277, "last-credential-added"},
    { 278, "last-credential-added-time"},
    { 279, "last-credential-removed"},
    { 280, "last-credential-removed-time"},
    { 281, "last-use-time"},
    { 282, "lockout"},
    { 283, "lockout-relinquish-time"},
    { 284, "master-exemption"},
    { 285, "max-failed-attempts"},
    { 286, "members"},
    { 287, "muster-point"},
    { 288, "negative-access-rules"},
    { 289, "number-of-authentication-policies"},
    { 290, "occupancy-count"},
    { 291, "occupancy-count-adjust"},
    { 292, "occupancy-count-enable"},
    { 293, "occupancy-exemption"},
    { 294, "occupancy-lower-limit"},
    { 295, "occupancy-lower-limit-enforced"},
    { 296, "occupancy-state"},
    { 297, "occupancy-upper-limit"},
    { 298, "occupancy-upper-limit-enforced"},
    { 299, "passback-exemption"},
    { 300, "passback-mode"},
    { 301, "passback-timeout"},
    { 302, "positive-access-rules"},
    { 303, "reason-for-disable"},
    { 304, "supported-formats"},
    { 305, "supported-format-classes"},
    { 306, "threat-authority"},
    { 307, "threat-level"},
    { 308, "trace-flag"},
    { 309, "transaction-notification-class"},
    { 310, "user-external-identifier"},
    { 311, "user-information-reference"},
    /* enumeration values 312-316 are unassigned */
    { 317, "user-name"},
    { 318, "user-type"},
    { 319, "uses-remaining"},
    { 320, "zone-from"},
    { 321, "zone-to"},
    { 322, "access-event-tag"},
    { 323, "global-identifier"},
    /* enumeration values 324-325 reserved for future addenda */
    { 326, "verification-time"},
    { 327, "base-device-security-policy"},
    { 328, "distribution-key-revision"},
    { 329, "do-not-hide"},
    { 330, "key-sets"},
    { 331, "last-key-server"},
    { 332, "network-access-security-policies"},
    { 333, "packet-reorder-time"},
    { 334, "security-pdu-timeout"},
    { 335, "security-time-window"},
    { 336, "supported-security-algorithms"},
    { 337, "update-key-set-timeout"},
    { 338, "backup-and-restore-state"},
    { 339, "backup-preparation-time"},
    { 340, "restore-completion-time"},
    { 341, "restore-preparation-time"},
    { 342, "bit-mask"},       /* addenda 135-2008w */
    { 343, "bit-text"},
    { 344, "is-utc"},
    { 345, "group-members"},
    { 346, "group-member-names"},
    { 347, "member-status-flags"},
    { 348, "requested-update-interval"},
    { 349, "covu-period"},
    { 350, "covu-recipients"},
    { 351, "event-message-texts"},
    { 352, "event-message-texts-config"},
    { 353, "event-detection-enable"},
    { 354, "event-algorithm-inhibit"},
    { 355, "event-algorithm-inhibit-ref"},
    { 356, "time-delay-normal"},
    { 357, "reliability-evaluation-inhibit"},
    { 358, "fault-parameters"},
    { 359, "fault-type"},
    { 360, "local-forwarding-only"},
    { 361, "process-identifier-filter"},
    { 362, "subscribed-recipients"},
    { 363, "port-filter"},
    { 364, "authorization-exemptions"},
    { 365, "allow-group-delay-inhibit"},
    { 366, "channel-number"},
    { 367, "control-groups"},
    { 368, "execution-delay"},
    { 369, "last-priority"},
    { 370, "write-status"},
    { 371, "property-list"},
    { 372, "serial-number"},
    { 373, "blink-warn-enable"},
    { 374, "default-fade-time"},
    { 375, "default-ramp-rate"},
    { 376, "default-step-increment"},
    { 377, "egress-time"},
    { 378, "in-progress"},
    { 379, "instantaneous-power"},
    { 380, "lighting-command"},
    { 381, "lighting-command-default-priority"},
    { 382, "max-actual-value"},
    { 383, "min-actual-value"},
    { 384, "power"},
    { 385, "transition"},
    { 386, "egress-active"},
    { 387, "interface-value"},
    { 388, "fault-high-limit"},
    { 389, "fault-low-limit"},
    { 390, "low-diff-limit"},
    { 391, "strike-count"},
    { 392, "time-of-strike-count-reset"},
    { 393, "default-timeout"},
    { 394, "initial-timeout"},
    { 395, "last-state-change"},
    { 396, "state-change-values"},
    { 397, "timer-running"},
    { 398, "timer-state"},
    { 399, "apdu-length"},
    { 400, "bacnet-ip-address"},
    { 401, "bacnet-ip-default-gateway"},
    { 402, "bacnet-ip-dhcp-enable"},
    { 403, "bacnet-ip-dhcp-lease-time"},
    { 404, "bacnet-ip-dhcp-lease-time-remaining"},
    { 405, "bacnet-ip-dhcp-server"},
    { 406, "bacnet-ip-dns-server"},
    { 407, "bacnet-ip-global-address"},
    { 408, "bacnet-ip-mode"},
    { 409, "bacnet-ip-multicast-address"},
    { 410, "bacnet-ip-nat-traversal"},
    { 411, "bacnet-ip-subnet-mask"},
    { 412, "bacnet-ip-udp-port"},
    { 413, "bbmd-accept-fd-registrations"},
    { 414, "bbmd-broadcast-distribution-table"},
    { 415, "bbmd-foreign-device-table"},
    { 416, "changes-pending"},
    { 417, "command"},
    { 418, "fd-bbmd-address"},
    { 419, "fd-subscription-lifetime"},
    { 420, "link-speed"},
    { 421, "link-speeds"},
    { 422, "link-speed-autonegotiate"},
    { 423, "mac-address"},
    { 424, "network-interface-name"},
    { 425, "network-number"},
    { 426, "network-number-quality"},
    { 427, "network-type"},
    { 428, "routing-table"},
    { 429, "virtual-mac-address-table"},
    { 430, "command-time-array"},
    { 431, "current-command-priority"},
    { 432, "last-command-time"},
    { 433, "value-source"},
    { 434, "value-source-array"},
    { 435, "bacnet-ipv6-mode"},
    { 436, "ipv6-address"},
    { 437, "ipv6-prefix-length"},
    { 438, "bacnet-ipv6-udp-port"},
    { 439, "ipv6-default-gateway"},
    { 440, "bacnet-ipv6-multicast-address"},
    { 441, "ipv6-dns-server"},
    { 442, "ipv6-auto-addressing-enable"},
    { 443, "ipv6-dhcp-lease-time"},
    { 444, "ipv6-dhcp-lease-time-remaining"},
    { 445, "ipv6-dhcp-server"},
    { 446, "ipv6-zone-index"},
    { 447, "assigned-landing-calls"},
    { 448, "car-assigned-direction"},
    { 449, "car-door-command"},
    { 450, "car-door-status"},
    { 451, "car-door-text"},
    { 452, "car-door-zone"},
    { 453, "car-drive-status"},
    { 454, "car-load"},
    { 455, "car-load-units"},
    { 456, "car-mode"},
    { 457, "car-moving-direction"},
    { 458, "car-position"},
    { 459, "elevator-group"},
    { 460, "energy-meter"},
    { 461, "energy-meter-ref"},
    { 462, "escalator-mode"},
    { 463, "fault-signals"},
    { 464, "floor-text"},
    { 465, "group-id"},
    { 466, "enumeration value 466 is unassigned"},
    { 467, "group-mode"},
    { 468, "higher-deck"},
    { 469, "installation-id"},
    { 470, "landing-calls"},
    { 471, "landing-call-control"},
    { 472, "landing-door-status"},
    { 473, "lower-deck"},
    { 474, "machine-room-id"},
    { 475, "making-car-call"},
    { 476, "next-stopping-floor"},
    { 477, "operation-direction"},
    { 478, "passenger-alarm"},
    { 479, "power-mode"},
    { 480, "registered-car-call"},
    { 481, "active-cov-multiple-subscriptions"},
    { 482, "protocol-level"},
    { 483, "reference-port"},
    { 484, "deployed-profile-location"},
    { 485, "profile-location"},
    { 486, "tags"},
    { 487, "subordinate-node-types"},
    { 488, "subordinate-tags"},
    { 489, "subordinate-relationship"},
    { 490, "default-subordinate-relationship"},
    { 491, "represents"},
    { 492, "default-present-value"},
    { 493, "present-stage"},
    { 494, "stages"},
    { 495, "stage-names"},
    { 496, "target-references"},
    { 497, "audit-source-reporter"},
    { 498, "audit-level"},
    { 499, "audit-notification-recipient"},
    { 500, "audit-priority-filter"},
    { 501, "auditable-operations"},
    { 502, "delete-on-forward"},
    { 503, "maximum-send-delay"},
    { 504, "monitored-objects"},
    { 505, "send-now"},
    { 506, "floor-number"},
    { 507, "device-uuid"},
    { 508, "additional-reference-ports"},
    { 509, "certificate-signing-request-file"},
    { 510, "command-validation-result"},
    { 511, "issuer-certificate-files"},
    { 4194304, "max-bvlc-length-accepted"},
    { 4194305, "max-npdu-length-accepted"},
    { 4194306, "operational-certificate-file"},
    { 4194307, "current-health"},
    { 4194308, "sc-connect-wait-timeout"},
    { 4194309, "sc-direct-connect-accept-enable"},
    { 4194310, "sc-direct-connect-accept-uris"},
    { 4194311, "ssc-direct-connect-binding"},
    { 4194312, "sc-direct-connect-connection-status"},
    { 4194313, "sc-direct-connect-initiate-enable"},
    { 4194314, "sc-disconnect-wait-timeout"},
    { 4194315, "sc-failed-connection-request"},
    { 4194316, "sc-failover-hub-connection-status"},
    { 4194317, "sc-failover-hub-uri"},
    { 4194318, "sc-hub-connector-state"},
    { 4194319, "sc-hub-function-accept-uris"},
    { 4194320, "sc-hub-function-binding"},
    { 4194321, "sc-hub-function-connection-status"},
    { 4194322, "sc-hub-function-enable"},
    { 4194323, "sc-heartbeat-timeout"},
    { 4194324, "sc-primary-hub-connection-status"},
    { 4194325, "sc-primary-hub-uri"},
    { 4194326, "sc-maximum-reconnect-time"},
    { 4194327, "sc-minimum-reconnect-time"},
    { 4194328, "color-override"},
    { 4194329, "color-reference"},
    { 4194330, "default-color"},
    { 4194331, "default-color-temperature"},
    { 4194332, "override-color-reference"},
    { 4194334, "color-command"},
    { 4194335, "high_end_trim"},
    { 4194336, "low_end_trim"},
    { 4194337, "trim_fade_time"},
    { 4194338, "device-address-proxy-enable"},
    { 4194339, "device-address-proxy-table"},
    { 4194340, "device-address-proxy-timeout"},
    { 4194341, "default-on-value"},
    { 4194342, "last-on-value"},
    { 4194343, "authorization-cache"},
    { 4194344, "authorization-groups"},
    { 4194345, "authorization-policy"},
    { 4194346, "authorization-scope"},
    { 4194347, "authorization-server"},
    { 4194348, "authorization-status"},
    { 4194349, "max-proxied-i-ams-per-second"},
    { 0,   NULL}
/* Enumerated values 0-511 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Enumerated values 512-4194303 may be used by others subject to
   the procedures and constraints described in Clause 23. */
};

static const value_string
BACnetBinaryPV [] = {
    { 0, "inactive"},
    { 1, "active"},
    { 0, NULL}
};


#define ANSI_X3_4      0 /* ANSI X3.4, a/k/a "ASCII"; full UTF-8 since 2010 */
                         /* See, for example, ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum k to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 135-2008 */
                         /* XXX - I've seen captures using this for ISO 8859-1 */
#define IBM_MS_DBCS    1 /* "IBM/Microsoft DBCS"; was there only one such DBCS? */
#define JIS_C_6226     2 /* JIS C 6226 */
#define ISO_10646_UCS4 3 /* ISO 10646 (UCS-4) - 4-byte Unicode */
#define ISO_10646_UCS2 4 /* ISO 10646 (UCS-2) - 2-byte Unicode Basic Multilingual Plane (not UTF-16, presumably) */
#define ISO_8859_1     5 /* ISO 8859-1 */
static const value_string
BACnetCharacterSet [] = {
    { ANSI_X3_4,      "ANSI X3.4 / UTF-8 (since 2010)"},
    { IBM_MS_DBCS,    "IBM/Microsoft DBCS"},
    { JIS_C_6226,     "JIS C 6226"},
    { ISO_10646_UCS4, "ISO 10646 (UCS-4)"},
    { ISO_10646_UCS2, "ISO 10646 (UCS-2)"},
    { ISO_8859_1,     "ISO 8859-1"},
    { 0,     NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetStatusFlags [] = {
    { 0, "in-alarm"},
    { 1, "fault"},
    { 2, "overridden"},
    { 3, "out-of-service"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetMessagePriority [] = {
    { 0, "normal"},
    { 1, "urgent"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetAcknowledgementFilter [] = {
    { 0, "all"},
    { 1, "acked"},
    { 2, "not-acked"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetResultFlags [] = {
    { 0, "first-item"},
    { 1, "last-item"},
    { 2, "more-items"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetRelationSpecifier [] = {
    { 0, "equal"},
    { 1, "not-equal"},
    { 2, "less-than"},
    { 3, "greater-than"},
    { 4, "less-than-or-equal"},
    { 5, "greater-than-or-equal"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetSelectionLogic [] = {
    { 0, "and"},
    { 1, "or"},
    { 2, "all"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetEventStateFilter [] = {
    { 0, "offnormal"},
    { 1, "fault"},
    { 2, "normal"},
    { 3, "all"},
    { 4, "active"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetEventTransitionBits [] = {
    { 0, "to-offnormal"},
    { 1, "to-fault"},
    { 2, "to-normal"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetSegmentation [] = {
    { 0, "segmented-both"},
    { 1, "segmented-transmit"},
    { 2, "segmented-receive"},
    { 3, "no-segmentation"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetSilencedState [] = {
    { 0, "unsilenced"},
    { 1, "audible-silenced"},
    { 2, "visible-silenced"},
    { 3, "all-silenced"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetDeviceStatus [] = {
    { 0, "operational"},
    { 1, "operational-read-only"},
    { 2, "download-required"},
    { 3, "download-in-progress"},
    { 4, "non-operational"},
    { 5, "backup-in-progress"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetEnableDisable [] = {
    { 0, "enable"},
    { 1, "disable"},
    { 2, "disable-initiation"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
months [] = {
    {   1, "January" },
    {   2, "February" },
    {   3, "March" },
    {   4, "April" },
    {   5, "May" },
    {   6, "June" },
    {   7, "July" },
    {   8, "August" },
    {   9, "September" },
    {  10, "October" },
    {  11, "November" },
    {  12, "December" },
    {  13, "odd month" },
    {  14, "even month" },
    { 255, "any month" },
    { 0,   NULL }
};

static const value_string
weekofmonth [] = {
    {   1, "days numbered 1-7" },
    {   2, "days numbered 8-14" },
    {   3, "days numbered 15-21" },
    {   4, "days numbered 22-28" },
    {   5, "days numbered 29-31" },
    {   6, "last 7 days of this month" },
    {   7, "any of 7 days prior to last 7 days of this month" },
    {   8, "any of 7 days prior to last 14 days of this month" },
    {   9, "any of 7 days prior to last 21 days of this month" },
    { 255, "any week of this month" },
    { 0,   NULL }
};

/* note: notification class object recipient-list uses
   different day-of-week enum */
static const value_string
day_of_week [] = {
    {   1, "Monday" },
    {   2, "Tuesday" },
    {   3, "Wednesday" },
    {   4, "Thursday" },
    {   5, "Friday" },
    {   6, "Saturday" },
    {   7, "Sunday" },
    { 255, "any day of week" },
    { 0,   NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetErrorClass [] = {
    { 0, "device" },
    { 1, "object" },
    { 2, "property" },
    { 3, "resources" },
    { 4, "security" },
    { 5, "services" },
    { 6, "vt" },
    { 7, "communication" },
    { 0, NULL }
/* Enumerated values 0-63 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Enumerated values64-65535 may be used by others subject to
   the procedures and constraints described in Clause 23. */
};

static const value_string
BACnetVTClass [] = {
    { 0, "default-terminal" },
    { 1, "ansi-x3-64" },
    { 2, "dec-vt52" },
    { 3, "dec-vt100" },
    { 4, "dec-vt200" },
    { 5, "hp-700-94" },
    { 6, "ibm-3130" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetEventType [] = {
    {  0, "change-of-bitstring" },
    {  1, "change-of-state" },
    {  2, "change-of-value" },
    {  3, "command-failure" },
    {  4, "floating-limit" },
    {  5, "out-of-range" },
    {  6, "complex-event-type" },
    {  7, "(deprecated)event-buffer-ready" },
    {  8, "change-of-life-safety" },
    {  9, "extended" },
    { 10, "buffer-ready" },
    { 11, "unsigned-range" },
    { 13, "access-event" },
    { 14, "double-out-of-range"},     /* added with addenda 135-2008w */
    { 15, "signed-out-of-range"},
    { 16, "unsigned-out-of-range"},
    { 17, "change-of-characterstring"},
    { 18, "change-of-status-flags"},
    { 19, "change-of-reliability" },
    { 20, "none" },
    { 21, "change-of-discrete-value"},
    { 22, "change-of-timer"},
    { 0,  NULL }
/* Enumerated values 0-63 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Enumerated values 64-65535 may be used by others subject to
   the procedures and constraints described in Clause 23.
   It is expected that these enumerated values will correspond
   to the use of the complex-event-type CHOICE [6] of the
   BACnetNotificationParameters production. */
};

static const value_string
BACnetEventState [] = {
    { 0, "normal" },
    { 1, "fault" },
    { 2, "offnormal" },
    { 3, "high-limit" },
    { 4, "low-limit" },
    { 5, "life-safety-alarm" },
    { 0, NULL }
/* Enumerated values 0-63 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Enumerated values 64-65535 may be used by others subject to
   the procedures and constraints described in Clause 23.  */
};

static const value_string
BACnetLogStatus [] = {
    { 0, "log-disabled" },
    { 1, "buffer-purged" },
    { 2, "log-interrupted"},
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetMaintenance [] = {
    { 0, "none" },
    { 1, "periodic-test" },
    { 2, "need-service-operational" },
    { 3, "need-service-inoperative" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetNotifyType [] = {
    { 0, "alarm" },
    { 1, "event" },
    { 2, "ack-notification" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetServicesSupported [] = {
    {  0, "acknowledgeAlarm"},
    {  1, "confirmedCOVNotification"},
    {  2, "confirmedEventNotification"},
    {  3, "getAlarmSummary"},
    {  4, "getEnrollmentSummary"},
    {  5, "subscribeCOV"},
    {  6, "atomicReadFile"},
    {  7, "atomicWriteFile"},
    {  8, "addListElement"},
    {  9, "removeListElement"},
    { 10, "createObject"},
    { 11, "deleteObject"},
    { 12, "readProperty"},
    { 13, "readPropertyConditional"},
    { 14, "readPropertyMultiple"},
    { 15, "writeProperty"},
    { 16, "writePropertyMultiple"},
    { 17, "deviceCommunicationControl"},
    { 18, "confirmedPrivateTransfer"},
    { 19, "confirmedTextMessage"},
    { 20, "reinitializeDevice"},
    { 21, "vtOpen"},
    { 22, "vtClose"},
    { 23, "vtData"},
    { 24, "authenticate"},
    { 25, "requestKey"},
    { 26, "i-Am"},
    { 27, "i-Have"},
    { 28, "unconfirmedCOVNotification"},
    { 29, "unconfirmedEventNotification"},
    { 30, "unconfirmedPrivateTransfer"},
    { 31, "unconfirmedTextMessage"},
    { 32, "timeSynchronization"},
    { 33, "who-Has"},
    { 34, "who-Is"},
    { 35, "readRange"},
    { 36, "utcTimeSynchronization"},
    { 37, "lifeSafetyOperation"},
    { 38, "subscribeCOVProperty"},
    { 39, "getEventInformation"},
    { 40, "write-group"},
    { 41, "subscribe-cov-property-multiple"},
    { 42, "confirmed-cov-notification-multiple"},
    { 43, "unconfirmed-cov-notification-multiple"},
    { 44, "confirmed-audit-notification"},
    { 45, "audit-log-query"},
    { 46, "unconfirmed-audit-notification"},
    { 47, "who-am-i"},
    { 48, "you-are"},
    { 49, "auth-request"},
    { 0,  NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetPropertyStates [] = {
    {  0, "boolean-value"},
    {  1, "binary-value"},
    {  2, "event-type"},
    {  3, "polarity"},
    {  4, "program-change"},
    {  5, "program-state"},
    {  6, "reason-for-halt"},
    {  7, "reliability"},
    {  8, "state"},
    {  9, "system-status"},
    { 10, "units"},
    { 11, "unsigned-value"},
    { 12, "life-safety-mode"},
    { 13, "life-safety-state"},
    { 14, "restart-reason"},
    { 15, "door-alarm-state"},
    { 16, "action"},
    { 17, "door-secured-status"},
    { 18, "door-status"},
    { 19, "door-value"},
    { 20, "file-access-method"},
    { 21, "lock-status"},
    { 22, "life-safety-operation"},
    { 23, "maintenance"},
    { 24, "node-type"},
    { 25, "notify-type"},
    { 26, "security-level"},
    { 27, "shed-state"},
    { 28, "silenced-state"},
    { 29, "unknown-29"},
    { 30, "access-event"},
    { 31, "zone-occupancy-state"},
    { 32, "access-credential-disable-reason"},
    { 33, "access-credential-disable"},
    { 34, "authentication-status"},
    { 35, "unknown-35"},
    { 36, "backup-state"},
    { 37, "write-status"},
    { 38, "lighting-in-progress"},
    { 39, "lighting-operation"},
    { 40, "lighting-transition"},
    { 41, "signed-value"},
    { 42, "unknown-42"},
    { 43, "timer-state"},
    { 44, "timer-transition"},
    { 45, "bacnet-ip-mode"},
    { 46, "network-port-command"},
    { 47, "network-type"},
    { 48, "network-number-quality"},
    { 49, "escalator-operation-direction"},
    { 50, "escalator-fault"},
    { 51, "escalator-mode"},
    { 52, "lift-car-direction"},
    { 53, "lift-car-door-command"},
    { 54, "lift-car-drive-status"},
    { 55, "lift-car-mode"},
    { 56, "lift-group-mode"},
    { 57, "lift-fault"},
    { 58, "protocol-level"},
    { 59, "audit-level"},
    { 60, "audit-operation"},
    { 63, "extended-value"},
    {256, "-- example-one"},
    {257, "-- example-two"},
    {258, "sc-connection-state"},
    {259, "sc-hub-connecto-state"},
    { 0, NULL}
/* Tag values 0-63 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Tag values of 64-254 may be used by others to accommodate
   vendor specific properties that have discrete or enumerated values,
   subject to the constraints described in Clause 23. */
};

static const value_string
BACnetProgramError [] = {
    { 0, "normal"},
    { 1, "load-failed"},
    { 2, "internal"},
    { 3, "program"},
    { 4, "other"},
    { 0, NULL}
/* Enumerated values 0-63 are reserved for definition by ASHRAE.
   Enumerated values 64-65535 may be used by others subject to
   the procedures and constraints described in Clause 23. */
};

static const value_string
BACnetProgramRequest [] = {
    { 0, "ready"},
    { 1, "load"},
    { 2, "run"},
    { 3, "halt"},
    { 4, "restart"},
    { 5, "unload"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetProgramState [] = {
    { 0, "idle"},
    { 1, "loading"},
    { 2, "running"},
    { 3, "waiting"},
    { 4, "halted"},
    { 5, "unloading"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetReinitializedStateOfDevice [] = {
    { 0, "coldstart"},
    { 1, "warmstart"},
    { 2, "start-backup"},
    { 3, "end-backup"},
    { 4, "start-restore"},
    { 5, "end-restore"},
    { 6, "abort-restore"},
    { 7, "activate-changes"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetPolarity [] = {
    { 0, "normal"},
    { 1, "reverse"},
    { 0, NULL}
};

static const value_string
BACnetTagNames[] = {
    { 5, "Extended Value" },
    { 6, "Opening Tag" },
    { 7, "Closing Tag" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetReadRangeOptions[] = {
    { 3, "range byPosition" },
    { 4, "range byTime" },
    { 5, "range timeRange" },
    { 6, "range bySequenceNumber" },
    { 7, "range byTime" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

/* Present_Value for Load Control Object */
static const value_string
BACnetShedState[] = {
    { 0, "shed-inactive" },
    { 1, "shed-request-pending" },
    { 2, "shed-compliant" },
    { 3, "shed-non-compliant" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetFaultType[] = {
  { 0, "none" },
  { 1, "fault-characterstring" },
  { 2, "fault-extended" },
  { 3, "fault-life-safety" },
  { 4, "fault-state" },
  { 5, "fault-status-flags" },
  { 6, "fault-out-of-range" },
  { 7, "fault-listed" },
  { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetNodeType [] = {
    { 0, "unknown" },
    { 1, "system" },
    { 2, "network" },
    { 3, "device" },
    { 4, "organizational" },
    { 5, "area" },
    { 6, "equipment" },
    { 7, "point" },
    { 8, "collection" },
    { 9, "property" },
    { 10, "functional" },
    { 11, "other" },
    { 12, "subsystem" },
    { 13, "building" },
    { 14, "floor" },
    { 15, "section" },
    { 16, "module" },
    { 17, "tree" },
    { 18, "member" },
    { 19, "protocol" },
    { 20, "room" },
    { 21, "zone" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetLoggingType [] = {
    { 0, "polled" },
    { 1, "cov" },
    { 2, "triggered" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetDoorStatus [] = {
    { 0, "closed" },
    { 1, "opened" },
    { 2, "unknown" },
    { 3, "door-fault" },
    { 4, "unused" },
    { 5, "none" },
    { 6, "closing" },
    { 7, "opening" },
    { 8, "safety-locked" },
    { 9, "limited-opened" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetDoorValue[] = {
  { 0, "lock" },
  { 1, "unlock" },
  { 2, "pulse-unlock" },
  { 3, "extended-pulse-unlock" },
  { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetLockStatus [] = {
    { 0, "locked" },
    { 1, "unlocked" },
    { 2, "fault" },
    { 3, "unknown" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetDoorSecuredStatus [] = {
    { 0, "secured" },
    { 1, "unsecured" },
    { 2, "unknown" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetDoorAlarmState [] = {
    { 0, "normal" },
    { 1, "alarm" },
    { 2, "door-open-too-long" },
    { 3, "forced-open" },
    { 4, "tamper" },
    { 5, "door-fault" },
    { 6, "lock-down" },
    { 7, "free-access" },
    { 8, "egress-open" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetSecurityPolicy [] = {
    { 0, "plain-non-trusted"},
    { 1, "plain-trusted"},
    { 2, "signed-trusted"},
    { 3, "encrypted-trusted"},
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAccumulatorStatus [] = {
    { 0, "normal" },
    { 1, "starting" },
    { 2, "recovered" },
    { 3, "abnormal" },
    { 4, "failed" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAuditLevel [] = {
    { 0, "none" },
    { 1, "audit-all" },
    { 2, "audit-config" },
    { 3, "default" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAuditPriorityFilter [] = {
    { 1, "manual-life-safety" },
    { 2, "automatic-life-safety" },
    { 3, "priority-3" },
    { 4, "priority-4" },
    { 5, "critical-equipment-controls" },
    { 6, "minimum-on-off" },
    { 7, "priority-7" },
    { 8, "manual-operator" },
    { 9, "priority-9" },
    { 10, "priority-10" },
    { 11, "priority-11" },
    { 12, "priority-12" },
    { 13, "priority-13" },
    { 14, "priority-14" },
    { 15, "priority-15" },
    { 16, "priority-16" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAuditOperation [] = {
    { 0, "read" },
    { 1, "write" },
    { 2, "create" },
    { 3, "delete" },
    { 4, "life-safety" },
    { 5, "acknowledge-alarm" },
    { 6, "device-disable-comm" },
    { 7, "device-enable-comm" },
    { 8, "device-reset" },
    { 9, "device-backup" },
    { 10, "device-restore" },
    { 11, "subscription" },
    { 12, "notification" },
    { 13, "auditing-failure" },
    { 14, "network-changes" },
    { 15, "general" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetSuccessFilter [] = {
    { 0, "all" },
    { 1, "successes-only" },
    { 2, "failures-only" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAuthorizationScopeStandard [] = {
    { 0, "view" },
    { 1, "adjust" },
    { 2, "control" },
    { 3, "override" },
    { 4, "config" },
    { 5, "bind" },
    { 6, "install" },
    { 7, "auth" },
    { 8, "infrastructure" },
    { 9, "reserved-9" },
    { 10, "reserved-10" },
    { 11, "reserved-11" },
    { 12, "reserved-12" },
    { 13, "reserved-13" },
    { 14, "reserved-14" },
    { 15, "reserved-15" },
    { 16, "reserved-16" },
    { 17, "reserved-17" },
    { 18, "reserved-18" },
    { 19, "reserved-19" },
    { 20, "reserved-20" },
    { 21, "reserved-21" },
    { 22, "reserved-22" },
    { 23, "reserved-23" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAuthorizationPosture[] = {
    { 0, "open" },
    { 1, "proprietary" },
    { 2, "configured" },
    { 3, "misconfigured-partial" },
    { 4, "misconfigured-total" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAuthenticationDecision[] = {
    { 0, "allow-match" },
    { 1, "deny-mismatch" },
    { 2, "deny-non-relay" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAuthorizationDecision[] = {
    { 0, "allow-by-token" },
    { 1, "allow-by-local-polic" },
    { 2, "deny-no-token-or-policy" },
    { 3, "deny-not-before" },
    { 4, "deny-not-after" },
    { 5, "deny-target-device" },
    { 6, "deny-target-group" },
    { 7, "deny-client-device" },
    { 8, "deny-client-method" },
    { 9, "deny-scope" },
    { 10, "deny-issuer" },
    { 11, "deny-revoked" },
    { 12, "deny-signature" },
    { 13, "deny-other" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAuthorizationConstraintOrigin[] = {
    { 0, "direct-connect" },
    { 1, "same-network" },
    { 2, "any-network" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static const value_string
BACnetAuthorizationConstraintAuthentication[] = {
    { 0, "certified" },
    { 1, "secure-path" },
    { 2, "any-method" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static int proto_bacapp;
static int hf_bacapp_type;
static int hf_bacapp_pduflags;
static int hf_bacapp_SEG;
static int hf_bacapp_MOR;
static int hf_bacapp_SA;
static int hf_bacapp_response_segments;
static int hf_bacapp_max_adpu_size;
static int hf_bacapp_invoke_id;
static int hf_bacapp_object_identifier;
static int hf_bacapp_device_identifier;
static int hf_bacapp_objectType;
static int hf_bacapp_object_name;
static int hf_bacapp_instanceNumber;
static int hf_bacapp_sequence_number;
static int hf_bacapp_window_size;
static int hf_bacapp_service;
static int hf_bacapp_NAK;
static int hf_bacapp_SRV;
static int hf_bacapp_notify_type;
static int hf_bacapp_event_type;
static int hf_bacapp_error_class;
static int hf_bacapp_error_code;
static int hf_Device_Instance_Range_Low_Limit;
static int hf_Device_Instance_Range_High_Limit;
static int hf_BACnetRejectReason;
static int hf_BACnetAbortReason;
static int hf_BACnetApplicationTagNumber;
static int hf_BACnetContextTagNumber;
static int hf_BACnetExtendedTagNumber;
static int hf_BACnetNamedTag;
static int hf_BACnetTagClass;
static int hf_BACnetCharacterSet;
static int hf_BACnetCodePage;
static int hf_bacapp_tag_lvt;
static int hf_bacapp_tag_ProcessId;
static int hf_bacapp_tag_to_state;
static int hf_bacapp_tag_from_state;
static int hf_bacapp_uservice;
static int hf_BACnetPropertyIdentifier;
static int hf_BACnetVendorIdentifier;
static int hf_BACnetRestartReason;
static int hf_bacapp_tag_IPV4;
static int hf_bacapp_tag_IPV6;
static int hf_bacapp_tag_PORT;
static int hf_bacapp_tag_mac_address_broadcast;
static int hf_bacapp_reserved_ashrea;
static int hf_bacapp_unused_bits;
static int hf_bacapp_bit;
static int hf_bacapp_complete_bitstring;

/* present value */
static int hf_bacapp_present_value_null;
static int hf_bacapp_present_value_bool;
static int hf_bacapp_present_value_unsigned;
static int hf_bacapp_present_value_signed;
static int hf_bacapp_present_value_real;
static int hf_bacapp_present_value_double;
static int hf_bacapp_present_value_octet_string;
static int hf_bacapp_present_value_char_string;
static int hf_bacapp_present_value_bit_string;
static int hf_bacapp_present_value_enum_index;

/* some more variables for segmented messages */
static int hf_msg_fragments;
static int hf_msg_fragment;
static int hf_msg_fragment_overlap;
static int hf_msg_fragment_overlap_conflicts;
static int hf_msg_fragment_multiple_tails;
static int hf_msg_fragment_too_long_fragment;
static int hf_msg_fragment_error;
static int hf_msg_fragment_count;
static int hf_msg_reassembled_in;
static int hf_msg_reassembled_length;

static int ett_msg_fragment;
static int ett_msg_fragments;

static int ett_bacapp;
static int ett_bacapp_control;
static int ett_bacapp_tag;
static int ett_bacapp_list;
static int ett_bacapp_value;
static int ett_bacapp_object_identifier;

static expert_field ei_bacapp_bad_length;
static expert_field ei_bacapp_bad_tag;
static expert_field ei_bacapp_opening_tag;

static int32_t propertyIdentifier = -1;
static int32_t propertyArrayIndex = -1;
static uint32_t object_type = 4096;

static uint8_t bacapp_flags;
static uint8_t bacapp_seq;

/* Defined to allow vendor identifier registration of private transfer dissectors */
static dissector_table_t bacapp_dissector_table;


/* Stat: BACnet Packets sorted by IP */
/* XXX - Should probably be passed into functions and not be global */
static bacapp_info_value_t bacinfo;

static const char* st_str_packets_by_ip = "BACnet Packets by IP";
static const char* st_str_packets_by_ip_dst = "By Destination";
static const char* st_str_packets_by_ip_src = "By Source";
static int st_node_packets_by_ip = -1;
static int st_node_packets_by_ip_dst = -1;
static int st_node_packets_by_ip_src = -1;

static void
bacapp_packet_stats_tree_init(stats_tree* st)
{
    st_node_packets_by_ip = stats_tree_create_pivot(st, st_str_packets_by_ip, 0);
    st_node_packets_by_ip_src = stats_tree_create_node(st, st_str_packets_by_ip_src, st_node_packets_by_ip, STAT_DT_INT, true);
    st_node_packets_by_ip_dst = stats_tree_create_node(st, st_str_packets_by_ip_dst, st_node_packets_by_ip, STAT_DT_INT, true);
}

static char *
bacapp_get_address_label(const char *tag, address *addr)
{
    char *addr_str, *label_str;

    addr_str = address_to_str(NULL, addr);
    label_str = wmem_strconcat(NULL, tag, addr_str, NULL);
    wmem_free(NULL, addr_str);
    return label_str;
}

static tap_packet_status
bacapp_stats_tree_packet(stats_tree* st, packet_info* pinfo, epan_dissect_t* edt _U_, const void* p, tap_flags_t flags _U_)
{
    int    packets_for_this_dst;
    int    packets_for_this_src;
    int    service_for_this_dst;
    int    service_for_this_src;
    int    src_for_this_dst;
    int    dst_for_this_src;
    int    objectid_for_this_dst;
    int    objectid_for_this_src;
    int    instanceid_for_this_dst;
    int    instanceid_for_this_src;
    char *dststr;
    char *srcstr;
    const bacapp_info_value_t *binfo = (const bacapp_info_value_t *)p;

    srcstr = bacapp_get_address_label("Src: ", &pinfo->src);
    dststr = bacapp_get_address_label("Dst: ", &pinfo->dst);

    tick_stat_node(st, st_str_packets_by_ip, 0, true);
    packets_for_this_dst = tick_stat_node(st, st_str_packets_by_ip_dst, st_node_packets_by_ip, true);
    packets_for_this_src = tick_stat_node(st, st_str_packets_by_ip_src, st_node_packets_by_ip, true);
    src_for_this_dst     = tick_stat_node(st, dststr, packets_for_this_dst, true);
    dst_for_this_src     = tick_stat_node(st, srcstr, packets_for_this_src, true);
    service_for_this_src = tick_stat_node(st, dststr, dst_for_this_src, true);
    service_for_this_dst = tick_stat_node(st, srcstr, src_for_this_dst, true);
    if (binfo->service_type) {
        objectid_for_this_dst = tick_stat_node(st, binfo->service_type, service_for_this_dst, true);
        objectid_for_this_src = tick_stat_node(st, binfo->service_type, service_for_this_src, true);
        if (binfo->object_ident) {
            instanceid_for_this_dst = tick_stat_node(st, binfo->object_ident, objectid_for_this_dst, true);
            tick_stat_node(st, binfo->instance_ident, instanceid_for_this_dst, false);
            instanceid_for_this_src = tick_stat_node(st, binfo->object_ident, objectid_for_this_src, true);
            tick_stat_node(st, binfo->instance_ident, instanceid_for_this_src, false);
        }
    }

    wmem_free(NULL, srcstr);
    wmem_free(NULL, dststr);

    return TAP_PACKET_REDRAW;
}

/* Stat: BACnet Packets sorted by Service */
static const char* st_str_packets_by_service = "BACnet Packets by Service";
static int st_node_packets_by_service = -1;

static void
bacapp_service_stats_tree_init(stats_tree* st)
{
    st_node_packets_by_service = stats_tree_create_pivot(st, st_str_packets_by_service, 0);
}

static tap_packet_status
bacapp_stats_tree_service(stats_tree* st, packet_info* pinfo, epan_dissect_t* edt _U_, const void* p, tap_flags_t flags _U_)
{
    int    servicetype;
    int    src, dst;
    int    objectid;

    char *dststr;
    char *srcstr;

    const bacapp_info_value_t *binfo = (const bacapp_info_value_t *)p;

    srcstr = bacapp_get_address_label("Src: ", &pinfo->src);
    dststr = bacapp_get_address_label("Dst: ", &pinfo->dst);

    tick_stat_node(st, st_str_packets_by_service, 0, true);
    if (binfo->service_type) {
        servicetype = tick_stat_node(st, binfo->service_type, st_node_packets_by_service, true);
        src         = tick_stat_node(st, srcstr, servicetype, true);
        dst         = tick_stat_node(st, dststr, src, true);
        if (binfo->object_ident) {
            objectid = tick_stat_node(st, binfo->object_ident, dst, true);
            tick_stat_node(st, binfo->instance_ident, objectid, false);
        }
    }

    wmem_free(NULL, srcstr);
    wmem_free(NULL, dststr);

    return TAP_PACKET_REDRAW;
}

/* Stat: BACnet Packets sorted by Object Type */
static const char* st_str_packets_by_objectid = "BACnet Packets by Object Type";
static int st_node_packets_by_objectid = -1;

static void
bacapp_objectid_stats_tree_init(stats_tree* st)
{
    st_node_packets_by_objectid = stats_tree_create_pivot(st, st_str_packets_by_objectid, 0);
}

static tap_packet_status
bacapp_stats_tree_objectid(stats_tree* st, packet_info* pinfo, epan_dissect_t* edt _U_, const void* p, tap_flags_t flags _U_)
{
    int    servicetype;
    int    src, dst;
    int    objectid;

    char *dststr;
    char *srcstr;
    const bacapp_info_value_t *binfo = (const bacapp_info_value_t *)p;

    srcstr = bacapp_get_address_label("Src: ", &pinfo->src);
    dststr = bacapp_get_address_label("Dst: ", &pinfo->dst);

    tick_stat_node(st, st_str_packets_by_objectid, 0, true);
    if (binfo->object_ident) {
        objectid = tick_stat_node(st, binfo->object_ident, st_node_packets_by_objectid, true);
        src = tick_stat_node(st, srcstr, objectid, true);
        dst = tick_stat_node(st, dststr, src, true);
        if (binfo->service_type) {
            servicetype = tick_stat_node(st, binfo->service_type, dst, true);
            tick_stat_node(st, binfo->instance_ident, servicetype, false);
        }
    }

    wmem_free(NULL, srcstr);
    wmem_free(NULL, dststr);

    return TAP_PACKET_REDRAW;
}

/* Stat: BACnet Packets sorted by Instance No */
static const char* st_str_packets_by_instanceid  = "BACnet Packets by Instance ID";
static int          st_node_packets_by_instanceid = -1;

static void
bacapp_instanceid_stats_tree_init(stats_tree* st)
{
    st_node_packets_by_instanceid = stats_tree_create_pivot(st, st_str_packets_by_instanceid, 0);
}

static tap_packet_status
bacapp_stats_tree_instanceid(stats_tree* st, packet_info* pinfo, epan_dissect_t* edt _U_, const void* p, tap_flags_t flags _U_)
{
    int    servicetype;
    int    src, dst;
    int    instanceid;

    char *dststr;
    char *srcstr;
    const bacapp_info_value_t *binfo = (const bacapp_info_value_t *)p;

    srcstr = bacapp_get_address_label("Src: ", &pinfo->src);
    dststr = bacapp_get_address_label("Dst: ", &pinfo->dst);

    tick_stat_node(st, st_str_packets_by_instanceid, 0, true);
    if (binfo->object_ident) {
        instanceid = tick_stat_node(st, binfo->instance_ident, st_node_packets_by_instanceid, true);
        src = tick_stat_node(st, srcstr, instanceid, true);
        dst = tick_stat_node(st, dststr, src, true);
        if (binfo->service_type) {
            servicetype = tick_stat_node(st, binfo->service_type, dst, true);
            tick_stat_node(st, binfo->object_ident, servicetype, false);
        }
    }

    wmem_free(NULL, srcstr);
    wmem_free(NULL, dststr);

    return TAP_PACKET_REDRAW;
}


/* register all BACnet Statistic trees */
static void
register_bacapp_stat_trees(void)
{
    stats_tree_register("bacapp", "bacapp_ip", "BACnet" STATS_TREE_MENU_SEPARATOR "Packets sorted by IP", 0,
        bacapp_stats_tree_packet, bacapp_packet_stats_tree_init, NULL);
    stats_tree_register("bacapp", "bacapp_service", "BACnet" STATS_TREE_MENU_SEPARATOR "Packets sorted by Service", 0,
        bacapp_stats_tree_service, bacapp_service_stats_tree_init, NULL);
    stats_tree_register("bacapp", "bacapp_objectid", "BACnet" STATS_TREE_MENU_SEPARATOR "Packets sorted by Object Type", 0,
        bacapp_stats_tree_objectid, bacapp_objectid_stats_tree_init, NULL);
    stats_tree_register("bacapp", "bacapp_instanceid", "BACnet" STATS_TREE_MENU_SEPARATOR "Packets sorted by Instance ID", 0,
        bacapp_stats_tree_instanceid, bacapp_instanceid_stats_tree_init, NULL);
}

/* 'data' must be allocated with wmem packet scope */
static int
updateBacnetInfoValue(int whichval, const char *data)
{
    if (whichval == BACINFO_SERVICE) {
        bacinfo.service_type = data;
        return 0;
    }
    if (whichval == BACINFO_INVOKEID) {
        bacinfo.invoke_id = data;
        return 0;
    }
    if (whichval == BACINFO_OBJECTID) {
        bacinfo.object_ident = data;
        return 0;
    }
    if (whichval == BACINFO_INSTANCEID) {
        bacinfo.instance_ident = data;
        return 0;
    }
    return -1;
}

static const fragment_items msg_frag_items = {
    /* Fragment subtrees */
    &ett_msg_fragment,
    &ett_msg_fragments,
    /* Fragment fields */
    &hf_msg_fragments,
    &hf_msg_fragment,
    &hf_msg_fragment_overlap,
    &hf_msg_fragment_overlap_conflicts,
    &hf_msg_fragment_multiple_tails,
    &hf_msg_fragment_too_long_fragment,
    &hf_msg_fragment_error,
    &hf_msg_fragment_count,
    /* Reassembled in field */
    &hf_msg_reassembled_in,
    /* Reassembled length field */
    &hf_msg_reassembled_length,
    /* Reassembled data field */
    NULL,
    /* Tag */
    "Message fragments"
};

/* calculate an extended sequence number. The sequence number is an 8-bit
 * counter, and can rollover with very large data length. */
static uint32_t
calculate_extended_seqno(uint32_t prev_seqno, uint8_t raw_seqno)
{
    uint32_t seqno = (prev_seqno & 0xffffff00) | raw_seqno;
    /* The Window Size must be in a range 1 to 127 (see ANSI/ASHRAE Std
     * 135-2016 5.3), and this guarantees that, e.g., sequence number 128
     * will not be transmitted unless a SegmentACK has been received for
     * sequence number 0, so any subsequent sequence number 0 must actually
     * be sequence number 256 after rollover.
     */
    if (seqno + 0x80 < prev_seqno) {
        seqno += 0x100;
    } else if (prev_seqno + 0x80 < seqno) {
        /* Unlikely, out-of-order packet backwards over the wrap boundary. */
        seqno -= 0x100;
    }
    return seqno;
}

#if 0
/* if BACnet uses the reserved values, then patch the corresponding values here, maximum 16 values are defined */
/* FIXME: fGetMaxAPDUSize is commented out, as it is not used. It was used to set variables which were not later used. */
static const unsigned MaxAPDUSize [] = { 50, 128, 206, 480, 1024, 1476 };

static unsigned
fGetMaxAPDUSize(uint8_t idx)
{
    /* only 16 values are defined, so use & 0x0f */
    /* check the size of the Array, deliver either the entry
       or the first entry if idx is outside of the array (bug 3736 comment#7) */

    if ((idx & 0x0f) >= (int)array_length(MaxAPDUSize))
        return MaxAPDUSize[0];
    else
        return MaxAPDUSize[idx & 0x0f];
}
#endif

/* Used when there are ranges of reserved and proprietary enumerations */
static const char*
val_to_split_str(wmem_allocator_t* scope, uint32_t val, uint32_t split_val, const value_string *vs,
    const char *fmt, const char *split_fmt)
{
    if (val < split_val)
        return val_to_str(scope, val, vs, fmt);
    else
        return val_to_str(scope, val, vs, split_fmt);
}

/* from clause 20.2.1.3.2 Constructed Data */
/* returns true if the extended value is used */
static bool
tag_is_extended_value(uint8_t tag)
{
    return (tag & 0x07) == 5;
}

static bool
tag_is_opening(uint8_t tag)
{
    return (tag & 0x07) == 6;
}

static bool
tag_is_closing(uint8_t tag)
{
    return (tag & 0x07) == 7;
}

/* from clause 20.2.1.1 Class
   class bit shall be one for context specific tags */
/* returns true if the tag is context specific */
static bool
tag_is_context_specific(uint8_t tag)
{
    return (tag & 0x08) != 0;
}

static bool
tag_is_extended_tag_number(uint8_t tag)
{
    return ((tag & 0xF0) == 0xF0);
}

static uint32_t
object_id_type(uint32_t object_identifier)
{
    return ((object_identifier >> 22) & 0x3FF);
}

static uint32_t
object_id_instance(uint32_t object_identifier)
{
    return (object_identifier & 0x3FFFFF);
}

static unsigned
fTagNo(tvbuff_t *tvb, unsigned offset)
{
    return (unsigned)(tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset) >> 4);
}

static bool
fUnsigned32(tvbuff_t *tvb, unsigned offset, uint32_t lvt, uint32_t *val)
{
    bool valid = true;

    switch (lvt) {
    case 1:
        *val = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        break;
    case 2:
        *val = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
        break;
    case 3:
        *val = tvb_get_ntoh24(tvb, offset);
        break;
    case 4:
        *val = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset);
        break;
    default:
        valid = false;
        break;
    }

    return valid;
}

static bool
fUnsigned64(tvbuff_t *tvb, unsigned offset, uint32_t lvt, uint64_t *val)
{
    bool valid = false;
    int64_t  value = 0;
    uint8_t  data;

    if (lvt && (lvt <= 8)) {
        valid = true;
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < lvt; i++) {
            data = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+i);
            value = (value << 8) + data;
        }
        *val = value;
    }

    return valid;
}

/* BACnet Signed Value uses 2's complement notation, but with a twist:
   All signed integers shall be encoded in the smallest number of octets
   possible.  That is, the first octet of any multi-octet encoded value
   shall not be X'00' if the most significant bit (bit 7) of the second
   octet is 0, and the first octet shall not be X'FF' if the most
   significant bit of the second octet is 1. ASHRAE-135-2004-20.2.5 */
static bool
fSigned64(tvbuff_t *tvb, unsigned offset, uint32_t lvt, int64_t *val)
{
    bool valid = false;
    int64_t  value = 0;
    uint8_t  data;
    uint32_t i;

    /* we can only handle 7 bytes for a 64-bit value due to signed-ness */
    if (lvt && (lvt <= 7)) {
        valid = true;
        data = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        if ((data & 0x80) != 0)
            value = (~UINT64_C(0) << 8) | data;
        else
            value = data;
        for (i = 1; i < lvt; i++) {
            data = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+i);
            value = ((uint64_t)value << 8) | data;
        }
        *val = value;
    }

    return valid;
}

static unsigned
fTagHeaderTree(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree,
    unsigned offset, uint8_t *tag_no, uint8_t* tag_info, uint32_t *lvt)
{
    proto_item *ti = NULL;
    uint8_t     tag;
    uint8_t     value;
    unsigned    tag_len = 1;
    unsigned    lvt_len = 1;    /* used for tree display of lvt */
    unsigned    lvt_offset;     /* used for tree display of lvt */

    lvt_offset = offset;
    tag        = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
    *tag_info  = 0;
    *lvt       = tag & 0x07;

    /* To solve the problem of lvt values of 6/7 being indeterminate - it */
    /* can mean open/close tag or length of 6/7 after the length is */
    /* computed below - store whole tag info, not just context bit. */
    if (tag_is_context_specific(tag)) *tag_info = tag & 0x0F;
    *tag_no = tag >> 4;
    if (tag_is_extended_tag_number(tag)) {
        *tag_no = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + tag_len++);
    }
    if (tag_is_extended_value(tag)) {       /* length is more than 4 Bytes */
        lvt_offset += tag_len;
        value = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, lvt_offset);
        tag_len++;
        if (value == 254) { /* length is encoded with 16 Bits */
            *lvt = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, lvt_offset+1);
            tag_len += 2;
            lvt_len += 2;
        } else if (value == 255) { /* length is encoded with 32 Bits */
            *lvt = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, lvt_offset+1);
            tag_len += 4;
            lvt_len += 4;
        } else
            *lvt = value;
    }

    if (tree) {
        proto_tree *subtree;
        if (tag_is_opening(tag)) {
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, tag_len,
                    ett_bacapp_tag, &ti, "{[%u]", *tag_no );
        } else if (tag_is_closing(tag)) {
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, tag_len,
                    ett_bacapp_tag, &ti, "}[%u]", *tag_no );
        } else if (tag_is_context_specific(tag)) {
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, tag_len,
                    ett_bacapp_tag, &ti,
                    "Context Tag: %u, Length/Value/Type: %u", *tag_no, *lvt);
        } else {
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, tag_len,
                    ett_bacapp_tag, &ti,
                    "Application Tag: %s, Length/Value/Type: %u",
                    val_to_str(pinfo->pool, *tag_no, BACnetApplicationTagNumber,
                        ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt),
                    *lvt);
        }

        /* details if needed */
        proto_tree_add_item(subtree, hf_BACnetTagClass, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        if (tag_is_extended_tag_number(tag)) {
            proto_tree_add_uint_format(subtree,
                                       hf_BACnetContextTagNumber,
                                       tvb, offset, 1, tag,
                                       "Extended Tag Number");
            proto_tree_add_item(subtree,
                                hf_BACnetExtendedTagNumber,
                                tvb, offset + 1, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        } else {
            if (tag_is_context_specific(tag))
                proto_tree_add_item(subtree,
                                    hf_BACnetContextTagNumber,
                                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            else
                proto_tree_add_item(subtree,
                                    hf_BACnetApplicationTagNumber,
                                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        }
        if (tag_is_closing(tag) || tag_is_opening(tag))
            proto_tree_add_item(subtree,
                                hf_BACnetNamedTag,
                                tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        else if (tag_is_extended_value(tag)) {
            proto_tree_add_item(subtree,
                                hf_BACnetNamedTag,
                                tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            proto_tree_add_uint(subtree, hf_bacapp_tag_lvt,
                                tvb, lvt_offset, lvt_len, *lvt);
        } else
            proto_tree_add_uint(subtree, hf_bacapp_tag_lvt,
                                tvb, lvt_offset, lvt_len, *lvt);
    } /* if (tree) */

    if (*lvt > tvb_reported_length(tvb)) {
        expert_add_info_format(pinfo, ti, &ei_bacapp_bad_length,
                               "LVT length too long: %d > %d", *lvt,
                               tvb_reported_length(tvb));
        *lvt = 1;
    }

    return tag_len;
}

static unsigned
fTagHeader(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, unsigned offset, uint8_t *tag_no, uint8_t* tag_info,
    uint32_t *lvt)
{
    return fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, NULL, offset, tag_no, tag_info, lvt);
}

static unsigned
fNullTag(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%sNULL", label);
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset + 1;
}

static unsigned
fBooleanTag(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt      = 0;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    unsigned    bool_len = 1;

    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (tag_info && lvt == 1) {
        lvt = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+1);
        ++bool_len;
    }

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, bool_len,
                             ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s%s", label, lvt == 0 ? "FALSE" : "TRUE");
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset + bool_len;
}

static unsigned
fUnsignedTag(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    uint64_t    val = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    unsigned    tag_len;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    /* only support up to an 8 byte (64-bit) integer */
    if (fUnsigned64(tvb, offset + tag_len, lvt, &val))
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s(Unsigned) %" PRIu64, label, val);
    else
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s - %u octets (Unsigned)", label, lvt);
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset+tag_len+lvt;
}

static unsigned
fDevice_Instance(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, int hf)
{
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt, safe_lvt;
    unsigned    tag_len;
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    if (lvt > 4)
        safe_lvt = 4;
    else
        safe_lvt = lvt;

    ti = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf, tvb, offset+tag_len, safe_lvt, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);

    if (lvt != safe_lvt)
        expert_add_info_format(pinfo, ti, &ei_bacapp_bad_length,
                "This field claims to be an impossible %u bytes, while the max is %u", lvt, safe_lvt);

    subtree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ett_bacapp_tag);
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset+tag_len+lvt;
}

/* set split_val to zero when not needed */
static unsigned
fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree,
    unsigned offset, const char *label, const value_string *vs, uint32_t split_val)
{
    uint32_t    val = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    unsigned    tag_len;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    /* only support up to a 4 byte (32-bit) enumeration */
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &val)) {
        if (vs)
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
                ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s %s (%u)", label,
                val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, val, split_val, vs,
                                 ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt, Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt), val);
        else
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
                ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s %u", label, val);
    } else {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s - %u octets (enumeration)", label, lvt);
    }

    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset+tag_len+lvt;
}

static unsigned
fEnumeratedTag(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree,
        unsigned offset, const char *label, const value_string *vs)
{
    return fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label, vs, 0);
}

static unsigned
fSignedTag(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    int64_t     val = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    unsigned    tag_len;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (fSigned64(tvb, offset + tag_len, lvt, &val))
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s(Signed) %" PRId64, label, val);
    else
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s - %u octets (Signed)", label, lvt);
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset+tag_len+lvt;
}

static unsigned
fRealTag(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    unsigned    tag_len;
    float       f_val;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    f_val = tvb_get_ntohieee_float(tvb, offset+tag_len);
    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, 4+tag_len,
        ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s%f (Real)", label, f_val);
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset+tag_len+4;
}

static unsigned
fDoubleTag(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    unsigned    tag_len;
    double      d_val;
    proto_tree  *subtree;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    d_val = tvb_get_ntohieee_double(tvb, offset+tag_len);
    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, 8+tag_len,
        ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s%f (Double)", label, d_val);
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset+tag_len+8;
}

static unsigned
fProcessId(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint32_t    val = 0, lvt;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    unsigned    tag_len;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &val))
    {
        ti = proto_tree_add_uint(tree, hf_bacapp_tag_ProcessId,
            tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, val);
        subtree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ett_bacapp_tag);
    }
    else
    {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "Process Identifier - %u octets (Signed)", lvt);
    }
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    offset += tag_len + lvt;

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fPresentValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const value_string *vs, uint32_t split_val, BacappPresentValueType type)
{
    // tag vars
    uint32_t    lvt;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    unsigned    tag_len;
    unsigned    curr_offset = offset;
    // tree vars
    proto_item *tree_item = NULL;
    proto_tree *subtree = NULL;
    // dissection vars
    unsigned    bool_len = 1;
    uint64_t    unsigned_val = 0;
    int64_t     signed_val = 0;
    float       float_val;
    double      double_val;
    uint32_t    enum_index = 0;
    uint32_t    object_id;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    switch(type) {
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_NULL:
            tree_item = proto_tree_add_string(tree, hf_bacapp_present_value_null, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, "NULL");
            curr_offset += 1;
            break;
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_BOOL:
            if (tag_info && lvt == 1) {
                lvt = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+1);
                bool_len++;
            }
            tree_item = proto_tree_add_boolean(tree, hf_bacapp_present_value_bool, tvb, offset, bool_len, lvt);
            curr_offset += bool_len;
            break;
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_UNSIGNED:
            if (fUnsigned64(tvb, offset + tag_len, lvt, &unsigned_val))
                tree_item = proto_tree_add_uint64(tree, hf_bacapp_present_value_unsigned, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, unsigned_val);
            curr_offset += tag_len + lvt;
            break;
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_SIGNED:
            if (fSigned64(tvb, offset + tag_len, lvt, &signed_val))
                tree_item = proto_tree_add_int64(tree, hf_bacapp_present_value_signed, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, signed_val);
            curr_offset += tag_len + lvt;
            break;
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_REAL:
            float_val = tvb_get_ntohieee_float(tvb, offset+tag_len);
            double_val = (double) float_val;
            tree_item = proto_tree_add_double(tree, hf_bacapp_present_value_real, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, double_val);
            curr_offset += tag_len + lvt;
            break;
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_DOUBLE:
            double_val = tvb_get_ntohieee_double(tvb, offset+tag_len);
            tree_item = proto_tree_add_double(tree, hf_bacapp_present_value_double, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, double_val);
            curr_offset += tag_len + lvt;
            break;
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_OCTET_STRING:
            if (lvt > 0)
                tree_item = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_bacapp_present_value_octet_string, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, ENC_NA);
            curr_offset += tag_len + lvt;
            break;
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_CHARACTER_STRING:
            curr_offset = fCharacterStringBase(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, NULL, true, false);
            break;
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_BIT_STRING:
            curr_offset = fBitStringTagVSBase(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, NULL, NULL, true);
            break;
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_ENUM:
            if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &enum_index)) {
                if (vs) {
                    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
                        "Present Value (enum value): %s",
                        val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, enum_index,
                                         split_val, vs,
                                         ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt, Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt));
                    proto_tree_add_uint(subtree, hf_bacapp_present_value_enum_index, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, enum_index);
                    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                } else {
                    tree_item = proto_tree_add_uint(tree, hf_bacapp_present_value_enum_index, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, enum_index);
                }
            }
            curr_offset += tag_len + lvt;
            break;
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_DATE:
            curr_offset = fDate(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Date: ");
            break;
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_TIME:
            curr_offset = fTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Time: ");
            break;
        case BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER:
            object_id   = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset+tag_len);
            object_type = object_id_type(object_id);
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, tag_len + 4, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
                "Present Value (enum value): %s",
                val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, object_type,
                                 128, BACnetObjectType,
                                 ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt,
                                 Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt));
            proto_tree_add_uint(subtree, hf_bacapp_present_value_enum_index, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, object_type);
            fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            curr_offset += tag_len + lvt;
            break;
        default:
            curr_offset += tag_len + lvt;
            break;
    }

    if (tree_item != NULL && subtree == NULL) {
        subtree = proto_item_add_subtree(tree_item, ett_bacapp_value);
        fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    }

    return curr_offset;
}

static unsigned
fEventType(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint32_t    val = 0, lvt;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    unsigned    tag_len;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &val))
    {
        ti = proto_tree_add_uint(tree, hf_bacapp_event_type,
            tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, val);
        subtree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ett_bacapp_tag);
    }
    else
    {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "Event Type - %u octets (Signed)", lvt);
    }
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    offset += tag_len + lvt;

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fNotifyType(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint32_t    val = 0, lvt;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    unsigned    tag_len;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &val))
    {
        ti = proto_tree_add_uint(tree, hf_bacapp_notify_type,
            tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, val);
        subtree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ett_bacapp_tag);
    }
    else
    {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "Notify Type - %u octets (Signed)", lvt);
    }
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    offset += tag_len + lvt;

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fToState(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint32_t    val = 0, lvt;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    unsigned    tag_len;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &val))
    {
        ti = proto_tree_add_uint(tree, hf_bacapp_tag_to_state,
            tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, val);
        subtree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ett_bacapp_tag);
    }
    else
    {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "To State - %u octets (Signed)", lvt);
    }
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    offset += tag_len + lvt;

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fFromState(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint32_t    val = 0, lvt;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    unsigned    tag_len;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &val))
    {
        ti = proto_tree_add_uint(tree, hf_bacapp_tag_from_state,
            tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, val);
        subtree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ett_bacapp_tag);
    }
    else
    {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "From State - %u octets (Signed)", lvt);
    }
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    offset += tag_len + lvt;

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fTimeSpan(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    uint32_t    val = 0, lvt;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    unsigned    tag_len;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &val))
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
            "%s (hh.mm.ss): %d.%02d.%02d%s",
            label,
            (val / 3600), ((val % 3600) / 60), (val % 60),
            val == 0 ? " (indefinite)" : "");
    else
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
            "%s - %u octets (Signed)", label, lvt);
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset+tag_len+lvt;
}

static unsigned
fWeekNDay(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint32_t    month, weekOfMonth, dayOfWeek;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    unsigned    tag_len;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    month = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+tag_len);
    weekOfMonth = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+tag_len+1);
    dayOfWeek = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+tag_len+2);
    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
                 ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s %s, %s",
                 val_to_str(pinfo->pool, month, months, "month (%d) not found"),
                 val_to_str(pinfo->pool, weekOfMonth, weekofmonth, "week of month (%d) not found"),
                 val_to_str(pinfo->pool, dayOfWeek, day_of_week, "day of week (%d) not found"));
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset+tag_len+lvt;
}

static unsigned
fDate(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    uint32_t    year, month, day, weekday;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    unsigned    tag_len;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    year    = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+tag_len);
    month   = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+tag_len+1);
    day     = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+tag_len+2);
    weekday = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+tag_len+3);
    if ((year == 255) && (day == 255) && (month == 255) && (weekday == 255)) {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
            "%sany", label);
    }
    else if (year != 255) {
        year += 1900;
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
            "%s%s %d, %d, (Day of Week = %s)",
            label, val_to_str(pinfo->pool, month,
                months,
                "month (%d) not found"),
            day, year, val_to_str(pinfo->pool, weekday,
                day_of_week,
                "(%d) not found"));
    } else {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
            "%s%s %d, any year, (Day of Week = %s)",
            label, val_to_str(pinfo->pool, month, months, "month (%d) not found"),
            day, val_to_str(pinfo->pool, weekday, day_of_week, "(%d) not found"));
    }
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset+tag_len+lvt;
}

static unsigned
fTime(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    uint32_t    hour, minute, second, msec, lvt;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    unsigned    tag_len;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    hour    = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+tag_len);
    minute  = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+tag_len+1);
    second  = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+tag_len+2);
    msec    = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+tag_len+3);
    if ((hour == 255) && (minute == 255) && (second == 255) && (msec == 255))
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset,
            lvt+tag_len, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
            "%sany", label);
    else
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
            "%s%d:%02d:%02d.%d %s = %02d:%02d:%02d.%d",
            label,
            hour > 12 ? hour - 12 : hour,
            minute, second, msec,
            hour >= 12 ? "P.M." : "A.M.",
            hour, minute, second, msec);
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset+tag_len+lvt;
}

static unsigned
fDateTime(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    if (label != NULL) {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 10, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, label);
    }
    offset = fDate(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Date: ");
    return fTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time: ");
}

static unsigned
fTimeValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {   /* closing Tag, but not for me */
            return offset;
        }
        offset = fTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Time: ");
        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Value: ");

        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;    /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fCalendarEntry(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
    case 0: /* Date */
        offset = fDate(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Date: ");
        break;
    case 1: /* dateRange */
        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        offset  = fDateRange(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        break;
    case 2: /* BACnetWeekNDay */
        offset = fWeekNDay(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    default:
        return offset;
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fEventTimeStamps( tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint32_t    lvt     = 0;
    proto_tree* subtree = tree;

    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, lvt, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "eventTimeStamps");

        offset = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "TO-OFFNORMAL timestamp: ");
        offset = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "TO-FAULT timestamp: ");
        offset = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "TO-NORMAL timestamp: ");
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fTimeStamp(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    uint8_t tag_no = 0, tag_info = 0;
    uint32_t lvt    = 0;

    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {   /* don't loop, it's a CHOICE */
        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* time */
            offset = fTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label?label:"time: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* sequenceNumber */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                label?label:"sequence number: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* dateTime */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label?label:"date time: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

    return offset;
}


static unsigned
fClientCOV(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "increment: ");
    }
    return offset;
}

static const value_string
BACnetDaysOfWeek [] = {
    { 0, "Monday" },
    { 1, "Tuesday" },
    { 2, "Wednesday" },
    { 3, "Thursday" },
    { 4, "Friday" },
    { 5, "Saturday" },
    { 6, "Sunday" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static unsigned
fDestination(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                                             "valid Days: ", BACnetDaysOfWeek);
        offset = fTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "from time: ");
        offset = fTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "to time: ");
        offset = fRecipient(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        offset = fProcessId(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                                    "issue confirmed notifications: ");
        offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                                  "transitions: ", BACnetEventTransitionBits);
    }
    return offset;
}


static unsigned
fOctetString(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label, uint32_t lvt)
{
    char       *tmp;
    unsigned    start   = offset;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    offset += fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    if (lvt > 0) {
        tmp = tvb_bytes_to_str(pinfo->pool, tvb, offset, lvt);
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt,
                    ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s %s", label, tmp);
        offset += lvt;
    }

    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, start, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fMacAddress(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label, uint32_t lvt)
{
    unsigned start = offset;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    proto_tree* subtree = tree;

    offset += fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    /* just add the label, with the tagHeader information in its subtree */
    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, lvt, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, label);

    if (lvt == 6) { /* we have 6 Byte IP Address with 4 Octets IPv4 and 2 Octets Port Information */
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_bacapp_tag_IPV4, tvb, offset, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_bacapp_tag_PORT, tvb, offset+4, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    } else if (lvt == 18) { /* we have 18 Byte IP Address with 16 Octets IPv6 and 2 Octets Port Information */
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_bacapp_tag_IPV6, tvb, offset, 16, ENC_NA);
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_bacapp_tag_PORT, tvb, offset+16, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    } else { /* we have 1 Byte MS/TP Address or anything else interpreted as an address */
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, lvt,
                ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, tvb_bytes_to_str(pinfo->pool, tvb, offset, lvt));
    }
    offset += lvt;

    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, start, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAddress(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    unsigned   offs;

    offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "network-number");
    offs   = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (lvt == 0) {
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_bacapp_tag_mac_address_broadcast, tvb, offset, offs, ENC_NA);
        offset += offs;
    } else
        offset  = fMacAddress(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "MAC-address: ", lvt);

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fSessionKey(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "session key: ", 8);
    return fAddress(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static void
format_object_identifier(char *s, uint32_t object_id)
{
    uint32_t type = object_id_type(object_id);
    const char* abbrev = try_val_to_str(type, BACnetObjectTypeAbbrev);
    if (abbrev) {
        snprintf(s, ITEM_LABEL_LENGTH,
                "%s-%u", abbrev, object_id_instance(object_id));
    } else {
        snprintf(s, ITEM_LABEL_LENGTH,
                "[%u]-%u", type, object_id_instance(object_id));
    }
}

static unsigned
fObjectIdentifier(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, int hfid)
{
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    unsigned    tag_length;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    uint32_t    object_id;

    tag_length  = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    object_id   = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset+tag_length);
    object_type = object_id_type(object_id);
    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, tag_length + 4,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "%s: %s, %u", proto_registrar_get_name(hfid),
            val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, object_type,
                128,
                BACnetObjectType,
                ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt,
                Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt),
            object_id_instance(object_id));

    col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%s,%u ",
            val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, object_type,
                128,
                BACnetObjectType,
                ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt,
                Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt),
            object_id_instance(object_id));

    /* update BACnet Statistics */
    updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_OBJECTID,
                  wmem_strdup(pinfo->pool,
                    val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, object_type, 128,
                                     BACnetObjectType, ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt,
                                     Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt)));
    updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_INSTANCEID,
                  wmem_strdup_printf(pinfo->pool,
                    "Instance ID: %u",
                    object_id_instance(object_id)));

    /* here are the details of how we arrived at the above text */
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    offset += tag_length;
    static int * const object_identifier_fields[] = {
        &hf_bacapp_objectType,
        &hf_bacapp_instanceNumber,
        NULL
    };
    proto_tree_add_bitmask_with_flags(subtree, tvb, offset, hfid,
        ett_bacapp_object_identifier, object_identifier_fields, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN, BMT_NO_APPEND);
    offset += 4;

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fObjectName(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fCharacterStringBase(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Object Name", false, true);
}

static unsigned
fRecipient(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (tag_no < 2) {
        if (tag_no == 0) { /* device */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier);
        }
        else {  /* address */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fAddress(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        }
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fRecipientProcess(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *orgtree    = tree;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    /* beginning of new item - indent and label */
    tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(orgtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "Recipient Process" );

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;

        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* recipient */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context open */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "Recipient");    /* add tree label and indent */
            offset  = fRecipient(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context close */
            break;
        case 1: /* processId */
            offset = fProcessId(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            lastoffset = offset;
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fCOVSubscription(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    proto_tree *orgtree    = tree;
    unsigned    itemno     = 1;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info) ) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {

        case 0: /* recipient */
            /* beginning of new item in list */
            tree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(orgtree, tvb, offset, 1,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "Subscription %d",itemno);    /* add tree label and indent */
            itemno = itemno + 1;

            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "Recipient");    /* add tree label and indent */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context open */
            offset  = fRecipientProcess(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);  /* show context close */
            break;
        case 1: /* MonitoredPropertyReference */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "Monitored Property Reference");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fBACnetObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* IssueConfirmedNotifications - boolean */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Issue Confirmed Notifications: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* TimeRemaining */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Time Remaining: ");
            break;
        case 4: /* COVIncrement */
            offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "COV Increment: ");
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAddressBinding(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier);
    return fAddress(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fActionCommand(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, uint8_t tag_match)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree    = tree;

    /* set the optional global properties to indicate not-used */
    propertyArrayIndex = -1;
    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info) ) {
            if (tag_no == tag_match) {
                return offset;
            }
            offset += len;
            subtree = tree;
            continue;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {

        case 0: /* deviceIdentifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* objectIdentifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 2: /* propertyIdentifier */
            offset = fPropertyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            break;
        case 3: /* propertyArrayIndex */
            offset = fPropertyArrayIndex(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            break;
        case 4: /* propertyValue */
            offset = fPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, tag_info);
            break;
        case 5: /* priority */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Priority: ");
            break;
        case 6: /* postDelay */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Post Delay: ");
            break;
        case 7: /* quitOnFailure */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                "Quit On Failure: ");
            break;
        case 8: /* writeSuccessful */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                "Write Successful: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

/* BACnetActionList ::= SEQUENCE{
      action [0] SEQUENCE OF BACnetActionCommand
      }
*/
static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fActionList(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree    = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            if ( tag_no != 0 ) /* don't eat the closing property tag, just return */
                return offset;
            /* print closing tag of action list too */
            fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            subtree = tree;
            offset += len;
            continue;
        }
        if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "Action List");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* BACnetActionCommand */
            offset = fActionCommand(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, tag_no);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;    /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fPropertyAccessResult(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
  unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
  uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
  uint32_t    lvt;
  uint32_t    save_object_type;
  uint32_t    save_inner_object_type;
  int32_t     save_propertyIdentifier;

  /* save the external entry data because it might get overwritten here */
  save_object_type = object_type;
  save_propertyIdentifier = propertyIdentifier;

  /* inner object type might get overwritten by device id */
  save_inner_object_type = object_type;

  while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
    lastoffset = offset;
    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
        break;
    }

    switch (tag_no) {
    case 0: /* objectIdentifier */
        offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
        /* save the local object type because device id might overwrite it */
        save_inner_object_type = object_type;
        break;
    case 1: /* propertyIdentifier */
        offset = fPropertyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 2: /* propertyArrayIndex */
        offset = fPropertyArrayIndex(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 3: /* deviceIdentifier */
        offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier);
        /* restore the inner object type to decode the right property value */
        object_type = save_inner_object_type;
        break;
    case 4: /* propertyValue */
        offset = fPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, tag_info);
        /* restore the external values for next loop */
        object_type = save_object_type;
        propertyIdentifier = save_propertyIdentifier;
        break;
    case 5: /* propertyAccessError */
        if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        }
        else {
            expert_add_info(pinfo, tree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
        }
        /* restore the external values for next loop */
        object_type = save_object_type;
        propertyIdentifier = save_propertyIdentifier;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

    if (offset <= lastoffset) break;    /* nothing happened, exit loop */
  }

  /* restore the external values for next decoding */
  object_type = save_object_type;
  propertyIdentifier = save_propertyIdentifier;
  return offset;
}

static unsigned
fPropertyIdentifier(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t      tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t     lvt;
    unsigned     tag_len;
    proto_tree  *subtree;
    static const char *label = "Property Identifier";

    propertyIdentifier = 0; /* global Variable */
    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    /* can we decode this value? */
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, (uint32_t *)&propertyIdentifier)) {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
            "%s: %s (%u)", label,
            val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, propertyIdentifier, 512,
                             BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
                             ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt,
                             Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt), propertyIdentifier);
        col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%s ",
                val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, propertyIdentifier, 512,
                                 BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
                                 ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt,
                                 Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt));
    } else {
        /* property identifiers cannot be larger than 22-bits */
        return offset;
    }

    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    proto_tree_add_item(subtree, hf_BACnetPropertyIdentifier, tvb,
        offset+tag_len, lvt, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);

    return offset+tag_len+lvt;
}

static unsigned
fPropertyArrayIndex(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    unsigned    tag_len;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset + tag_len, lvt, (uint32_t *)&propertyArrayIndex))
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "property Array Index (Unsigned) %u", propertyArrayIndex);
    else
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "property Array Index - %u octets (Unsigned)", lvt);
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset+tag_len+lvt;
}

static unsigned
fChannelValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
  uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
  uint32_t    lvt;

  if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
      fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
      if (tag_is_opening(tag_info) && tag_no == 0) {
          offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
          offset = fLightingCommand(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "lighting-command: ");
          offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
      } else if (tag_is_opening(tag_info) && tag_no == 1) {
          offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
          offset = fXyColor(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "xy-color: ");
          offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
      } else if (tag_is_opening(tag_info) && tag_no == 2) {
          offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
          offset = fColorCommand(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "color-command: ");
          offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
      } else {
          if (tag_info) {
              offset = fContextTaggedValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
          } else {
              offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
          }
      }
  }

  return offset;
}

static unsigned
fCharacterString(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    return fCharacterStringBase(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label, false, false);
}

static unsigned
fCharacterStringBase(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label, bool present_val_dissect, bool object_name_dissect)
{
    uint8_t         tag_no, tag_info, character_set;
    uint32_t        lvt, l;
    unsigned        offs;
    const char     *coding;
    uint8_t        *out;
    proto_tree     *subtree;
    unsigned        start = offset;

    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {

        offs = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        offset += offs;

        character_set = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        offset++;
        lvt--;

        /* Account for code page if DBCS */
        if (character_set == IBM_MS_DBCS) {
            offset += 2;
            lvt -= 2;
        }

        do {
            l = MIN(lvt, 256);
            /*
             * XXX - are we guaranteed that these encoding
             * names correspond, on *all* platforms with
             * iconv(), to the encodings we want?
             *
             * Not necessarily. These specify "character sets" but
             * not the encodings. IBM/MS DBCS specifies that it uses
             * some IBM or MS double byte character set, but does not
             * specify the code page - there was a proposal to explicitly
             * add the code page, but that was apparently withdrawn in favor
             * of just deprecating using DBCS, as it never got past a draft
             * (One problem could be that IBM and MS code pages with the
             * same number are slightly different, and then there's non
             * IBM/MS unofficial ones that got used, sometimes conflicting
             * numbers.) Even if we assume that they certainly mean one
             * of the DBCS and not just any non ISO-8859-1 code page, there's
             * all four types of CJK to choose from. -
             * http://www.bacnet.org/Addenda/Add-135-2004k-PPR1-chair-approved.pdf
             * JIS C 6226 (now JIS X 0208)
             * http://www.bacnet.org/Addenda/Add-135-2008k.pdf
             * is a character set, which are supported by several different
             * encodings, the main types being ISO-2022-JP (JIS X 0202,
             * a 7 bit encoding), Shift-JIS (most common), and EUC-JP (UNIX).
             * It is unclear which encoding this refers to.
             *
             * If not (and perhaps even if so), we should
             * perhaps have our own iconv() implementation,
             * with a different name, so that we control the
             * encodings it supports and the names of those
             * encodings.
             *
             * We should also handle that in the general
             * string handling code, rather than making it
             * specific to the BACAPP dissector, as many
             * other dissectors need to handle various
             * character encodings.
             */
            /** this decoding may be not correct for multi-byte characters, Lka */
            switch (character_set) {
            case ANSI_X3_4:
                out = tvb_get_string_enc(pinfo->pool, tvb, offset, l, ENC_UTF_8);
                coding = "UTF-8";
                break;
            case IBM_MS_DBCS:
                out = tvb_get_string_enc(pinfo->pool, tvb, offset, l, ENC_ASCII);
                coding = "IBM MS DBCS";
                break;
            case JIS_C_6226:
                out = tvb_get_string_enc(pinfo->pool, tvb, offset, l, ENC_ASCII);
                coding = "JIS C 6226";
                break;
            case ISO_10646_UCS4:
                out = tvb_get_string_enc(pinfo->pool, tvb, offset, l, ENC_UCS_4|ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
                coding = "ISO 10646 UCS-4";
                break;
            case ISO_10646_UCS2:
                out = tvb_get_string_enc(pinfo->pool, tvb, offset, l, ENC_UCS_2|ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
                coding = "ISO 10646 UCS-2";
                break;
            case ISO_8859_1:
                out = tvb_get_string_enc(pinfo->pool, tvb, offset, l, ENC_ISO_8859_1);
                coding = "ISO 8859-1";
                break;
            default:
                /* Assume this is some form of extended ASCII, with one-byte code points for ASCII characters */
                out = tvb_get_string_enc(pinfo->pool, tvb, offset, l, ENC_ASCII);
                coding = "unknown";
                break;
            }

            if (present_val_dissect) {
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, l, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "present-value");
                proto_tree_add_string(subtree, hf_bacapp_present_value_char_string, tvb, offset, l, (const char*) out);
            } else if (object_name_dissect) {
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, l, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, label);
                proto_tree_add_string(subtree, hf_bacapp_object_name, tvb, offset, l, (const char*) out);
            } else {
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, l, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
                                    "%s%s '%s'", label, coding, out);
            }

            lvt    -= l;
            offset += l;
        } while (lvt > 0);

        fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, start, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        proto_tree_add_item(subtree, hf_BACnetCharacterSet, tvb, start+offs, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);

        if (character_set == IBM_MS_DBCS) {
            proto_tree_add_item(subtree, hf_BACnetCodePage, tvb, start+offs+1, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        }
        /* XXX - put the string value here */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fBitStringTagVS(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label,
    const value_string *src)
{
    return fBitStringTagVSBase(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label, src, false);
}

static unsigned
fBitStringTagVSBase(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label,
    const value_string *src, bool present_val_dissect)
{
    uint8_t         tag_no, tag_info, tmp;
    int             j, unused, skip;
    unsigned        start = offset;
    unsigned        offs;
    uint32_t        lvt, i, numberOfBytes;
    char            bf_arr[256 + 1];
    proto_tree     *subtree = tree;

    offs = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    numberOfBytes = lvt-1; /* Ignore byte for unused bit count */
    offset += offs;
    unused  = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset); /* get the unused Bits */

    memset(bf_arr, 0, sizeof(bf_arr));
    skip = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < numberOfBytes; i++) {
        tmp = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, (offset)+i + 1);
        if (i == numberOfBytes - 1) { skip = unused; }
        for (j = 0; j < 8 - skip; j++) {
            bf_arr[MIN(sizeof(bf_arr) - 2, (i * 8) + j)] = tmp & (1 << (7 - j)) ? 'T' : 'F';
        }
    }

    if (!present_val_dissect) {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, start, offs+lvt,
                                    ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
                                    "%s(Bit String) (%s)", label, bf_arr);
    } else {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, start, offs+lvt,
                                    ett_bacapp_tag, NULL,
                                    "present-value (%s)", bf_arr);
    }

    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, start, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    proto_tree_add_item(subtree, hf_bacapp_unused_bits, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_NA);
    memset(bf_arr, 0, sizeof(bf_arr));
    skip = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < numberOfBytes; i++) {
        tmp = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, (offset)+i+1);
        if (i == numberOfBytes-1) { skip = unused; }
        for (j = 0; j < 8-skip; j++) {
            if (src != NULL) {
                proto_tree_add_boolean_format(subtree, hf_bacapp_bit, tvb, offset+i+1, 1,
                                            (tmp & (1 << (7 - j))), "%s = %s",
                                            val_to_str(pinfo->pool, (unsigned) (i*8 +j), src, ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt),
                                            (tmp & (1 << (7 - j))) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE");
            } else {
                bf_arr[MIN(255, (i*8)+j)] = tmp & (1 << (7 - j)) ? '1' : '0';
            }
        }
    }

    if (src == NULL) {
        bf_arr[MIN(255, numberOfBytes*8-unused)] = 0;
        proto_tree_add_bytes_format(subtree, hf_bacapp_complete_bitstring, tvb, offset, lvt, NULL, "B'%s'", bf_arr);
    }

    offset += lvt;

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fBitStringTag(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    return fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label, NULL);
}

/* handles generic application types, as well as enumerated and enumerations
   with reserved and proprietary ranges (split) */
static unsigned
fApplicationTypesEnumeratedSplit(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset,
    const char *label, const value_string *src, uint32_t split_val)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    unsigned   tag_len;

    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (!tag_is_context_specific(tag_info)) {
            switch (tag_no) {
            case 0: /** NULL 20.2.2 */
                offset = fNullTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
                break;
            case 1: /** BOOLEAN 20.2.3 */
                offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
                break;
            case 2: /** Unsigned Integer 20.2.4 */
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
                break;
            case 3: /** Signed Integer 20.2.5 */
                offset = fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
                break;
            case 4: /** Real 20.2.6 */
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
                break;
            case 5: /** Double 20.2.7 */
                offset = fDoubleTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
                break;
            case 6: /** Octet String 20.2.8 */
                offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label, lvt);
                break;
            case 7: /** Character String 20.2.9 */
                offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
                break;
            case 8: /** Bit String 20.2.10 */
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label, src);
                break;
            case 9: /** Enumerated 20.2.11 */
                offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label, src, split_val);
                break;
            case 10: /** Date 20.2.12 */
                offset = fDate(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
                break;
            case 11: /** Time 20.2.13 */
                offset = fTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
                break;
            case 12: /** BACnetObjectIdentifier 20.2.14 */
                offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
                break;
            case 13: /* reserved for ASHRAE */
            case 14:
            case 15:
                proto_tree_add_bytes_format(tree, hf_bacapp_reserved_ashrea, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, NULL, "%s'reserved for ASHRAE'", label);
                offset += lvt + tag_len;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fShedLevel(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;

        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* percent */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "shed percent: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* level */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "shed level: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* amount */
            offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "shed amount: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset,
    const char *label, const value_string *vs)
{
    return fApplicationTypesEnumeratedSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label, vs, 0);
}

static unsigned
fApplicationTypes(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset,
    const char *label)
{
    return fApplicationTypesEnumeratedSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label, NULL, 0);
}

static unsigned
fContextTaggedValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    unsigned    tag_len;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    int         tvb_len;

    (void)label;
    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    /* cap the the suggested length in case of bad data */
    tvb_len = tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset+tag_len);
    if ((tvb_len >= 0) && ((uint32_t)tvb_len < lvt)) {
        lvt = tvb_len;
    }
    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt,
        ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "Context Value (as %u DATA octets)", lvt);

    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset + tag_len + lvt;
}
/*
BACnetPrescale ::= SEQUENCE {
    multiplier  [0] Unsigned,
moduloDivide    [1] Unsigned
}
*/
static unsigned
fPrescale(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info) ) {
            return offset;
            }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* multiplier */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Multiplier: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* moduloDivide */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Modulo Divide: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;

}
/*
BACnetScale ::= CHOICE {
    floatScale  [0] REAL,
integerScale    [1] INTEGER
}
*/
static unsigned
fScale(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info) ) {
            return offset;
            }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* floatScale */
            offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Float Scale: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* integerScale */
            offset = fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Integer Scale: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}
/*
BACnetAccumulatorRecord ::= SEQUENCE {
    timestamp       [0] BACnetDateTime,
    presentValue        [1] Unsigned,
    accumulatedValue    [2] Unsigned,
    accumulatortStatus  [3] ENUMERATED {
                    normal          (0),
                    starting        (1),
                    recovered       (2),
                    abnormal        (3),
                    failed          (4)
                    }
}
*/
static unsigned
fLoggingRecord(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info) ) {
            return offset;
            }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* presentValue */
            offset = fPresentValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, NULL, 0, BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_UNSIGNED);
            break;
        case 2: /* accumulatedValue */
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Accumulated Value: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* accumulatorStatus */
            offset  = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Accumulator Status: ", BACnetAccumulatorStatus);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

/*
 SEQ OF Any enumeration (current usage is SEQ OF BACnetDoorAlarmState
*/
static unsigned
fSequenceOfEnums(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label, const value_string *vs)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info) ) {
            return offset;
            }
        offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label, vs);
        if ( offset <= lastoffset ) break;
    }
    return offset;
}

/*
SEQ OF BACnetDeviceObjectReference (accessed as an array)
}
*/
static unsigned
fDoorMembers(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info) ) {
            return offset;
            }
        offset = fDeviceObjectReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;
    }
    return offset;
}

/*
SEQ OF ReadAccessSpecification
*/
static unsigned
fListOfGroupMembers(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info) ) {
            return offset;
            }
        offset = fReadAccessSpecification(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        if ( offset <= lastoffset ) break;
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0, depth = 0;
    char    ar[256];
    uint32_t save_object_type;
    bool do_default_handling;

    if (propertyIdentifier >= 0) {
        snprintf(ar, sizeof(ar), "%s: ",
            val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, propertyIdentifier, 512,
                BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
                ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt,
                Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt));
    } else {
        snprintf(ar, sizeof(ar), "Abstract Type: ");
    }

    increment_dissection_depth(pinfo);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) { /* closing tag, but not for me */
            if (depth <= 0) {
                goto cleanup;
            }
        }

        do_default_handling = false;

        /* Application Tags */
        switch (propertyIdentifier) {
        case 0: /* acked-transitions */
        case 35: /* event-enable */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar,
            BACnetAcknowledgedTransitions);
            break;
        case 2: /* action */
                /* loop object is application tagged,
                    command object is context tagged */
                if (tag_is_context_specific(tag_info)) {
                    /* BACnetActionList */
                    offset = fActionList(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                } else {
                    /* BACnetAction */
                    offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar,
                        BACnetAction);
                }
                break;
        case 7: /* alarm-values*/
            switch (object_type) {
            case 21: /* life-point */
            case 22: /* life-zone */
              offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLifeSafetyState);
              break;
            case 30: /* access-door */
              offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetDoorAlarmState);
              break;
            case 31: /* timer */
              offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetTimerState);
              break;
            case 36: /* access-zone */
              offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetAccessZoneOccupancyState);
              break;
            case 39: /* bitstring-value */
            default:
              if (tag_info) {
                if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                  ++depth;
                  offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                }
                else if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                  --depth;
                  offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                }
                else {
                  offset = fContextTaggedValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
                }
              }
              else {
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
              }
              break;
            }
            break;
        case 37: /* event-type */
            offset = fEventType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 39: /* fault-values */
            switch (object_type) {
            case 21: /* life-point */
            case 22: /* life-zone */
              offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLifeSafetyState);
              break;
            case 30: /* access-door */
              offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetDoorAlarmState);
              break;
            case 31: /* timer */
              offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetTimerState);
              break;
            case 36: /* access-zone */
              offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetAccessZoneOccupancyState);
              break;
            case 39: /* bitstring-value */
            default:
              if (tag_info) {
                if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                  ++depth;
                  offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                }
                else if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                  --depth;
                  offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                }
                else {
                  offset = fContextTaggedValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
                }
              }
              else {
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
              }
              break;
            }
            break;
        case 30: /* BACnetAddressBinding */
        case 331: /* last-key-server */
            offset = fAddressBinding(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 52: /* limit-enable */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLimitEnable);
            break;
        case 54: /* list of object property reference */
            offset = fLOPR(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 55: /* list-of-session-keys */
            offset = fSessionKey(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 77: /* object-name */
            offset = fObjectName(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 79: /* object-type */
        case 96: /* protocol-object-types-supported */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumeratedSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar,
                BACnetObjectType, 128);
            break;
        case 97: /* Protocol-Services-Supported */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar,
                BACnetServicesSupported);
            break;
        case 102: /* recipient-list */
            offset = fDestination(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 107: /* segmentation-supported */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar,
                BACnetSegmentation);
            break;
        case 111: /* Status-Flags */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar,
                BACnetStatusFlags);
            break;
        case 112: /* System-Status */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar,
                BACnetDeviceStatus);
            break;
        case 117: /* units */
        case 455: /* car-load-units */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar,
                BACnetEngineeringUnits);
            break;
        case 87:    /* priority-array -- accessed as a BACnetARRAY */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fPriorityArray(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            break;
        case 38:    /* exception-schedule */
            if (object_type < 128) {
                if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                    /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                    of the array, not the elements of the array */
                    offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
                } else {
                    offset = fSpecialEvent(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                }
            }
            break;
        case 19:  /* controlled-variable-reference */
        case 60:  /* manipulated-variable-reference */
        case 78:  /* object-property-reference */
        case 181: /* input-reference */
        case 355: /* event-algorithm-inhibit-reference */
            offset = fObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 132: /* log-device-object-property */
            offset = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 109: /* Setpoint-Reference */
            /* setpoint-Reference is actually BACnetSetpointReference which is a SEQ of [0] */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fBACnetObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 123:   /* weekly-schedule -- accessed as a BACnetARRAY */
            if (object_type < 128) {
                if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                    /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                    of the array, not the elements of the array */
                    offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
                } else {
                    offset = fWeeklySchedule(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                }
            }
            break;
        case 127:   /* client COV increment */
            offset = fClientCOV(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 131:  /* log-buffer */
            if ( object_type == 61 )
                offset = fAuditLogRecord(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            else if ( object_type == 25 )
                offset = fEventLogRecord(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            else if ( object_type == 27 )
                offset = fLogMultipleRecord(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            else
                offset = fLogRecord(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 159: /* member-of */
        case 165: /* zone-members */
        case 211: /* subordinate-list */
        case 246: /* access-doors */
        case 249: /* access-event-credential */
        case 252: /* accompaniment */
        case 265: /* credentials */
        case 266: /* credentials-in-zone */
        case 277: /* last-credential-added */
        case 279: /* last-credential-removed */
        case 286: /* members */
        case 320: /* zone-from */
        case 321: /* zone-to */
        case 461: /* energy-meter-ref */
        case 491: /* represents */
            offset = fDeviceObjectReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 196: /* last-restart-reason */
            offset = fRestartReason(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 212: /* actual-shed-level */
        case 214: /* expected-shed-level */
        case 218: /* requested-shed-level */
            offset = fShedLevel(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 152: /* active-cov-subscriptions */
            offset = fCOVSubscription(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 23: /* date-list */
            offset = fCalendarEntry(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 116: /* time-synchronization-recipients */
        case 206: /* utc-time-synchronization-recipients */
        case 202: /* restart-notification-recipients */
            offset = fRecipient(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 83: /* event-parameters */
            offset = fEventParameter(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 130: /* event-time-stamp */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fEventTimeStamps(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            break;
        case 197: /* logging-type */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLoggingType);
            break;
        case 36: /* event-state */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumeratedSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetEventState, 64);
            break;
        case 103: /* reliability */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetReliability);
            break;
        case 72: /* notify-type */
            offset = fNotifyType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 208: /* node-type */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetNodeType);
            break;
        case 231: /* door-status */
        case 450: /* car-door-status */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetDoorStatus);
            break;
        case 233: /* lock-status */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLockStatus);
            break;
        case 235: /* secured-status */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetDoorSecuredStatus);
            break;
        case 158: /* maintenance-required */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetMaintenance);
            break;
        case 92: /* program-state */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetProgramState);
            break;
        case 90: /* program-change */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetProgramRequest);
            break;
        case 100: /* reason-for-halt */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetProgramError);
            break;
        case 157: /* last-restore-time */
            offset = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 160: /* mode */
        case 175: /* accepted-modes */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLifeSafetyMode);
            break;
        case 163: /* silenced */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetSilencedState);
            break;
        case 161: /* operation-expected */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLifeSafetyOperation);
            break;
        case 164: /* tracking-value */
            if (object_type == 21 || object_type == 22) /* life-safety-point/zone */
                offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLifeSafetyState);
            else if (object_type == 63) /* color */
                offset = fXyColor(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            else if (object_type == 64) /* color-temperature */
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            else if (object_type == 54) /* lighting-output */
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 166: /* life-safety-alarm-values */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLifeSafetyState);
            break;
        case 41: /* file-access-method */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetFileAccessMethod);
            break;
        case 185:  /* prescale */
            offset = fPrescale(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 187:  /* scale */
            offset = fScale(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 189: /* update-time */
            if (object_type == 37) /* credential-data-input */
                offset = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            else
                offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 184: /* logging-record */
            offset = fLoggingRecord(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 203: /* time-of-device-restart */
            offset = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 226: /* door-alarm-state */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetDoorAlarmState);
            break;
        case 228: /* door-members */
            offset = fDoorMembers(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 234: /* masked-alarm-values */
            offset = fSequenceOfEnums(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetDoorAlarmState);
            break;
        case 248: /* access-event-authentication-factor */
            offset = fAuthenticationFactor(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 261: /* authorization-mode */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetAuthorizationMode);
            break;
        case 53:  /* list-of-group-members */
            save_object_type = object_type;
            offset = fListOfGroupMembers(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            object_type = save_object_type;
            break;
        case 296: /* occupancy-state */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetAccessZoneOccupancyState);
            break;
        case 300: /* passback-mode */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetAccessPassbackMode);
            break;
        case 303: /* reason-for-disable */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetAccessCredentialDisableReason);
            break;
        case 318: /* user-type */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetAccessUserType);
            break;
        case 330: /* key-sets */
            offset = fSecurityKeySet(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 332: /* network-access-security-policies */
            offset = fNetworkSecurityPolicy(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 338: /* backup-and-restore-state */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetBackupState);
            break;
        case 370: /* write-status */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetWriteStatus);
            break;
        case 385: /* transition */
            if (object_type == 54) /* lighting-output */
                offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLightingTransition);
            else if (object_type == 63) /* color */
                offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetColorTransition);
            else if (object_type == 64) /* color-temperature */
                offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetColorTransition);
            break;
        case 288: /* negative-access-rules */
        case 302: /* positive-access-rules */
            offset = fAccessRule(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 304: /* supported-formats */
            offset = fAuthenticationFactorFormat(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 327: /* base-device-security-policy */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetSecurityLevel);
            break;
        case 371: /* property-list */
            offset = fSequenceOfEnums(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetPropertyIdentifier);
            break;
        case 358: /* fault-parameters */
            offset = fFaultParameter(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 359: /* fault type */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetFaultType);
            break;
        case 362: /* subscribed-recipients */
            offset = fEventNotificationSubscription(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 364: /* authorization-exemptions */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetAuthorizationExemption);
            break;
        case 378: /* in-progress */
            if (object_type == 54) /* lighting-output */
                offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLightingInProgress);
            else if (object_type == 63) /* color */
                offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetColorOperationInProgress);
            else if (object_type == 64) /* color-temperature */
                offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetColorOperationInProgress);
            break;
        case 380: /* lighting-command */
            offset = fLightingCommand(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 16:  /* change-of-state-time */
        case 71:  /* modification-date */
        case 114: /* time-of-active-time-reset */
        case 115: /* time-of-state-count-reset */
        case 142: /* start-time */
        case 143: /* stop-time */
        case 149: /* maximum-value-time-stamp */
        case 150: /* minimum-value-time-stamp */
        case 179: /* count-change-time */
        case 192: /* value-change-time */
        case 254: /* activation-time */
        case 270: /* expiration-time */
        case 278: /* last-credential-added-time */
        case 280: /* last-credential-removed-time */
        case 281: /* last-use-time */
        case 392: /* time-of-strike-count-reset */
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 258: /* authentication-policy-list */
            offset = fAuthenticationPolicy(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 395: /* last-state-change */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetTimerTransition);
            break;
        case 396: /* state-change-values */
            offset = fTimerStateChangeValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 398: /* timer-state */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetTimerState);
            break;
        case 407: /* bacnet-ip-global-address */
        case 418: /* fd-bbmd-address */
            offset = fHostNPort(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 408: /* bacnet-ip-mode */
        case 435: /* bacnet-ipv6-mode */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetIpMode);
            break;
        case 414: /* bmd-broadcast-distribution-table */
            offset = fBDTEntry(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 415: /* bbmd-foreign-device-table */
            offset = fFDTEntry(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 417: /* command */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetNetworkPortCommand);
            break;
        case 426: /* network-number-quality */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetNetworkNumberQuality);
            break;
        case 427: /* network-type */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetNetworkType);
            break;
        case 428: /* routing-table */
            offset = fRouterEntry(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 429: /* virtual-mac-address-table */
            offset = fVMACEntry(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 430: /* command-time-array */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            }
            break;
        case 432: /* last-command-time */
            offset = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 433: /* value-source */
            offset = fValueSource(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 434: /* value-source-array */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fValueSource(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            break;
        case 447: /* assigned-landing-calls */
            offset = fAssignedLandingCalls(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 448: /* car-assigned-direction */
        case 457: /* car-moving-direction */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLiftCarDirection);
            break;
        case 449: /* car-door-command */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLiftCarDoorCommand);
            break;
        case 453: /* car-drive-status */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLiftCarDriveStatus);
            break;
        case 456: /* car-mode */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLiftCarMode);
            break;
        case 462: /* escalator-mode */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetEscalatorMode);
            break;
        case 463: /* fault-signals */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                if (object_type == 59) /* lift object */
                    offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLiftFault);
                else
                    offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetEscalatorFault);
            }
            break;
        case 467: /* group-mode */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetLiftGroupMode);
            break;
        case 470: /* landing-calls */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fLandingCallStatus(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            break;
        case 471: /* landing-call-control */
            offset = fLandingCallStatus(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 472: /* landing-door-status */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fLandingDoorStatus(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            break;
        case 477: /* "operation-direction */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetEscalatorOperationDirection);
            break;
        case 481: /* active-cov-multiple-subscriptions */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fCOVMultipleSubscription(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            break;
        case 482: /* protocol-level */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetProtocolLevel);
            break;
        case 486: /* tags */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fNameValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            break;
        case 487: /* subordinate-node-types */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetNodeType);
            }
            break;
        case 488: /* subordinate-tags */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fNameValueCollection(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            break;
        case 489: /* subordinate-relationship */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetRelationship);
            }
            break;
        case 490: /* default-subordinate-relationship */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetRelationship);
            break;
        case 494: /* stages */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fStageLimitValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            break;
        case 498: /* audit-level */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetAuditLevel);
            break;
        case 500: /* audit-priority-filter */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetAuditPriorityFilter);
            break;
        case 501: /* auditable-operations */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetAuditOperation);
            break;
        case 504: /* monitored-objects */
            if (propertyArrayIndex == 0) {
                /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
                of the array, not the elements of the array */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            } else {
                offset = fObjectSelector(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            break;
        case 510:     /* command-validation-result */
        case 4194307: /* current-health */
            offset = fHealth(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 4194312: /* sc-direct-connect-connection-status */
            offset = fSCDirectConnection(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 4194315: /* sc-failed-connection-requests */
            offset = fSCFailedConnectionRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 4194316: /* sc-failover-hub-connection-status */
        case 4194324: /* sc-primary-hub-connection-status */
            offset = fSCHubConnection(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 4194318: /* sc_hub_connector_state */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar, BACnetSCHubConnectorState);
            break;
        case 4194321: /* sc-hub-function-connection-status */
            offset = fSCHubFunctionConnection(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 4194330: /* default-color */
            offset = fXyColor(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 4194334: /* color-command */
            offset = fColorCommand(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 4194339: /* device-address-proxy-table */
            offset = fDeviceAddressProxyTableEntry(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 4194343: /* authorization-cache */
            offset = fAccessToken(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 4194345: /* authorization-policy */
            offset = fAuthorizationPolicy(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 4194346: /* authorization-scope */
            offset = fAuthorizationScopeDescription(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 4194347: /* authorization-server */
            offset = fAuthorizationServer(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;
        case 4194348: /* authorization-status */
            offset = fAuthorizationStatus(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            break;

        case 85:  /* present-value */
            if ( object_type == 11 )    /* group object handling of present-value */
            {
                offset = fReadAccessResult(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            else if (object_type == 30)  /* access-door object */
            {
                offset = fPresentValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, BACnetDoorValue, 0, BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_ENUM);
            }
            else if (object_type == 21)  /* life-point */
            {
                offset = fPresentValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, BACnetLifeSafetyState, 0, BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_ENUM);
            }
            else if (object_type == 22)  /* life-zone */
            {
                offset = fPresentValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, BACnetLifeSafetyState, 0, BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_ENUM);
            }
            else if (object_type == 53) /* channel object */
            {
                offset = fChannelValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            }
            else if (object_type == 37) /* credential-data-input */
            {
                offset = fAuthenticationFactor(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            else if (object_type == 26) /* global-group */
            {
                offset = fPropertyAccessResult(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            else if (object_type == 28) /* loac-control */
            {
                offset = fPresentValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, BACnetShedState, 0, BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_ENUM);
            }
            else if (object_type == 43) /* date-time-pattern-value */
            {
                offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            }
            else if (object_type == 44) /* date-time-value */
            {
                offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            }
            else if (object_type == 63) /* color */
            {
                offset = fXyColor(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            }
            else
            {
                if (!tag_info) {
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    // application tag number above 12 reserved for ASHRAE
                    if (!tag_is_context_specific(tag_info) && tag_no <= 12) {
                        offset = fPresentValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, NULL, 0, (BacappPresentValueType) tag_no);
                    }
                } else {
                    do_default_handling = true;
                }
            }
            break;
        default:
            do_default_handling = true;
            break;
        }
        if (do_default_handling) {
            if (tag_info) {
                if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                    ++depth;
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                } else if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                    --depth;
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                } else {
                    offset  = fContextTaggedValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
                }
            } else {
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, ar);
            }
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

cleanup:
    decrement_dissection_depth(pinfo);
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fPropertyValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, uint8_t tag_info)
{
    uint8_t tag_no;
    uint32_t lvt;

    if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                                 &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        offset  = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                                     &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        }
    } else {
        proto_tree_add_expert_remaining(tree, pinfo, &ei_bacapp_opening_tag, tvb, offset);
        offset = tvb_reported_length(tvb);
    }

    return offset;
}


static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fPropertyIdentifierValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, uint8_t tagoffset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = offset;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    offset = fPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, tagoffset, 0);
    if (offset > lastoffset) {
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_no == tagoffset+2) {  /* Value - might not be present in ReadAccessResult */
            offset = fPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, tag_info);
        }
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fBACnetPropertyValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        offset = fPropertyIdentifierValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, 0);
        if (offset > lastoffset) {
            /* detect optional priority
            by looking to see if the next tag is context tag number 3 */
            fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            if (tag_is_context_specific(tag_info) && (tag_no == 3))
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Priority: ");
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fSubscribeCOVPropertyRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            offset += len;
            subtree = tree;
            continue;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* ProcessId */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "subscriber Process Id: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* monitored ObjectId */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 2: /* issueConfirmedNotifications */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "issue Confirmed Notifications: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* life time */
            offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "life time");
            break;
        case 4: /* monitoredPropertyIdentifier */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "monitoredPropertyIdentifier");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fBACnetPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, 1);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            } else {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        case 5: /* covIncrement */
            offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "COV Increment: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fSubscribeCOVPropertyMultipleRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;
    proto_tree *subsubtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            offset += len;
            subtree = tree;
            continue;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* ProcessId */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "subscriber Process Id: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* issueConfirmedNotifications */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "issue Confirmed Notifications: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* life time */
            offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "life time");
            break;
        case 3: /* notification delay */
            offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "notification delay");
            break;
        case 4: /* list-of-cov-subscription-specifications */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "list-of-cov-subscription-specifications: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

                while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        offset += len;
                        subtree = tree;
                        break;
                    }

                    switch (tag_no) {
                    case 0: /* monitored-object-identifier */
                        offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
                        break;
                    case 1: /* list-of-cov-references */
                      if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                          subsubtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "list-of-cov-references: ");
                          offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

                          while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                              lastoffset = offset;
                              len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                              if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                                  fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                                  offset += len;
                                  break;
                              }

                              switch (tag_no) {
                              case 0: /* monitored-property */
                                  if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                                      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                                      offset = fBACnetPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, 1);
                                      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                                  }
                                  else {
                                      expert_add_info(pinfo, subsubtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
                                  }
                                  break;
                              case 1: /* cov-increment */
                                  offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, "COV Increment: ");
                                  break;
                              case 2: /* timestamped */
                                  offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, "timestamped: ");
                                  break;
                              default:
                                  return offset;
                            }
                            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
                        }
                      }
                      else {
                          expert_add_info(pinfo, subsubtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
                      }
                      break;
                    default:
                      return offset;
                    }
                    if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
                }
            }
            else {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fSubscribeCOVPropertyMultipleError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset += len;
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* normal error */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                offset = fContextTaggedError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            else {
                offset = fError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            }
            break;
        case 1: /* first-failed-subscription */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

            while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                lastoffset = offset;
                len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    offset += len;
                    break;
                }

                switch (tag_no) {
                case 0: /* monitored-object-identifier */
                    offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
                    break;
                case 1: /* monitored-property-reference */
                    if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        offset = fBACnetPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, 1);
                        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    }
                    else {
                        expert_add_info(pinfo, tree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
                    }
                    break;
                case 2: /* error-type */
                    offset = fContextTaggedError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                    break;
                default:
                    return offset;
                }
                if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
            }
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fSubscribeCOVRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fSubscribeCOVPropertyRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fWhoHas(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;

        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* deviceInstanceLowLimit */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "device Instance Low Limit: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* deviceInstanceHighLimit */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "device Instance High Limit: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* BACnetObjectId */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 3: /* ObjectName */
            offset = fObjectName(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}


static unsigned
fDailySchedule(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (tag_is_opening(tag_info) && tag_no == 0) {
        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* opening context tag 0 */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                /* should be closing context tag 0 */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                return offset;
            }

            offset = fTimeValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;    /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
    } else if ((tag_no == 0) && (lvt == 0)) {
        /* not sure null (empty array element) is legal */
        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    }
    return offset;
}

/**
 * BACnetHealth ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  timestamp                   [0] BACnetDateTime,
 *  result                      [1] Error,
 *  property                    [2] BACnetPropertyIdentifier OPTIONAL,
 *  details                     [3] CharacterString OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fHealth(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* result */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* property - OPTIONAL*/
            offset = fPropertyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 3: /* details - OPTIONAL */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "details: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

/**
 * BACnetSCDirectConnection ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  uri                         [0] CharacterString
 *  connection-state            [1] BACnetSCConnectionState,
 *  connect-timestamp           [2] BACnetDateTime,
 *  disconnect-timestamp        [3] BACnetDateTime,
 *  peer-address                [4] BACnetHostNPort,
 *  peer-vmac                   [5] OCTET STRING (SIZE(6))
 *  peer-uuid                   [6] OCTET STRING (SIZE(16))
 *  error                       [7] Error OPTIONAL
 *  error-details               [8] CharacterString OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSCDirectConnection(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* uri */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "uri: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* connection-state */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "connection-state: ", BACnetSCConnectionState);
            break;
        case 2: /* connect-timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "connect-timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 3: /* disconnect-timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "disconnect-timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 4: /* peer-address */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fHostNPort(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,"peer-address: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 5: /* peer-vmac */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "peer-vmac: ", lvt);
            break;
        case 6: /* peer-uuid */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "peer-uuid: ", lvt);
            break;
        case 7: /* error */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 8: /* details - OPTIONAL */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "details: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

/**
 * BACnetSCFailedConnectionRequest ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  timestamp                   [0] BACnetDateTime,
 *  peer-address                [1] BACnetHostNPort,
 *  peer-vmac                   [2] OCTET STRING (SIZE(6))
 *  peer-uuid                   [3] OCTET STRING (SIZE(16))
 *  error                       [4] Error OPTIONAL
 *  error-details               [5] CharacterString OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSCFailedConnectionRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "connect-timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* peer-address */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fHostNPort(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,"peer-address: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* peer-vmac */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "peer-vmac: ", lvt);
            break;
        case 3: /* peer-uuid */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "peer-uuid: ", lvt);
            break;
        case 4: /* error */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 5: /* details - OPTIONAL */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "details: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

/**
 * BACnetSCHubConnection ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  connection-state            [0] BACnetSCConnectionState,
 *  connect-timestamp           [1] BACnetDateTime,
 *  disconnect-timestamp        [2] BACnetDateTime,
 *  error                       [3] Error OPTIONAL
 *  error-details               [4] CharacterString OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSCHubConnection(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* connection-state */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "connection-state: ", BACnetSCConnectionState);
            break;
        case 1: /* connect-timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "connect-timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* disconnect-timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "disconnect-timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 3: /* error */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 4: /* details - OPTIONAL */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "details: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

/**
 * BACnetSCHubFunctionConnection ::= SEQUENCE {
 *  connection-state            [0] BACnetSCConnectionState,
 *  connect-timestamp           [1] BACnetDateTime,
 *  disconnect-timestamp        [2] BACnetDateTime,
 *  peer-address                [3] BACnetHostNPort,
 *  peer-vmac                   [4] OCTET STRING (SIZE(6))
 *  peer-uuid                   [5] OCTET STRING (SIZE(16))
 *  error                       [6] Error OPTIONAL
 *  error-details               [7] CharacterString OPTIONAL
 * }
 * @param tvb the tv buffer of the current data
 * @param pinfo the packet info of the current data
 * @param tree the tree to append this item to
 * @param offset the offset in the tvb
 * @return modified offset
 */
static unsigned
fSCHubFunctionConnection(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* connection-state */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "connection-state: ", BACnetSCConnectionState);
            break;
        case 1: /* connect-timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "connect-timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* disconnect-timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "disconnect-timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 3: /* peer-address */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fHostNPort(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,"peer-address: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 4: /* peer-vmac */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "peer-vmac: ", lvt);
            break;
        case 5: /* peer-uuid */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "peer-uuid: ", lvt);
            break;
        case 6: /* error */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 7: /* details - OPTIONAL */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "details: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fWeeklySchedule(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    unsigned    i = 1; /* day of week array index */
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    if (propertyArrayIndex > 0) {
        /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
        of the array, not the elements of the array.
        BACnetARRAY index -1 is our internal flag that
        the optional index was not used.
        BACnetARRAY refers to this as all elements of the array.
        If the optional index is specified for a BACnetARRAY,
        then that specific array element is referenced. */
        i = propertyArrayIndex;
    }
    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset; /* outer encoding will print out closing tag */
        }
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 0, ett_bacapp_value, NULL,
                                val_to_str(pinfo->pool, i++, day_of_week, "day of week (%d) not found"));
        offset = fDailySchedule(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}


static unsigned
fUTCTimeSynchronizationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) <= 0)
        return offset;

    return fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "UTC-Time: ");
}

static unsigned
fTimeSynchronizationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) <= 0)
        return offset;

    return fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, NULL);
}

static unsigned
fWriteGroupRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            offset += len;
            subtree = tree;
            continue;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* group-number */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Group number: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* write-priority */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Priority: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* change-list */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "change-list: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

                while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        offset += len;
                        subtree = tree;
                        break;
                    }

                    switch (tag_no) {
                    case 0: /* channel */
                        if (tag_info && ! tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                            /* context tagged */
                            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Channel: ");
                        } else {
                            /* application tagged */
                            offset = fChannelValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Value: ");
                        }
                        break;
                    case 1: /* overriding-priority */
                        if (tag_info && ! tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                            /* context tagged */
                            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Overriding priority: ");
                        } else {
                            /* application tagged */
                            offset = fChannelValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Value: ");
                        }
                        break;
                    default: /* channel-value (application tagged, or opening/closing context-0 tagged) */
                        offset = fChannelValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Value: ");
                        break;
                    }
                    if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
                }
            }
            else {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        case 3: /* inhibit-delay */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Inhibit delay: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fDateRange(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) <= 0)
        return offset;
    offset = fDate(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Start Date: ");
    return fDate(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "End Date: ");
}

static unsigned
fVendorIdentifier(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint32_t     val   = 0;
    uint8_t      tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t     lvt;
    unsigned     tag_len;
    proto_item  *ti;
    proto_tree  *subtree;
    static const char *label = "Vendor ID";

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset + tag_len, lvt, &val))
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, &ti, "%s: %s (%u)",
            label,
            val_to_str_ext_const(val, &BACnetVendorIdentifiers_ext, "Unknown Vendor"),
            val);
    else
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, &ti, "%s - %u octets (Unsigned)", label, lvt);
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    if ((lvt < 1) || (lvt > 2)) { /* vendorIDs >= 1  and <= 2 are supported */
        expert_add_info_format(pinfo, ti, &ei_bacapp_bad_length,
                                "Wrong length indicated. Expected 1 or 2, got %u", lvt);
        return offset+tag_len+lvt;
    }

    proto_tree_add_item(subtree, hf_BACnetVendorIdentifier, tvb,
        offset+tag_len, lvt, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);

    return offset+tag_len+lvt;
}

static unsigned
fRestartReason(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint32_t     val   = 0;
    uint8_t      tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t     lvt;
    unsigned     tag_len;
    proto_item  *ti;
    proto_tree  *subtree;
    static const char *label = "Restart Reason";

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset + tag_len, lvt, &val))
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, &ti, "%s: %s (%u)", label,
            val_to_str_const(val, BACnetRestartReason, "Unknown reason"), val);
    else
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, &ti, "%s - %u octets (Unsigned)", label, lvt);
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    if (lvt != 1) {
        expert_add_info_format(pinfo, ti, &ei_bacapp_bad_length,
                                "Wrong length indicated. Expected 1, got %u", lvt);
        return offset+tag_len+lvt;
    }

    proto_tree_add_item(subtree, hf_BACnetRestartReason, tvb,
        offset+tag_len, lvt, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);

    return offset+tag_len+lvt;
}

static unsigned
fConfirmedTextMessageRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t      tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t     lvt;
    unsigned     lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* textMessageSourceDevice */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* messageClass */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0: /* numeric */
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "message Class: ");
                break;
            case 1: /* character */
                offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "message Class: ");
                break;
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* messagePriority */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "message Priority: ",
                BACnetMessagePriority);
            break;
        case 3: /* message */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "message: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fUnconfirmedTextMessageRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fConfirmedTextMessageRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fConfirmedPrivateTransferRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset, len;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;
    tvbuff_t   *next_tvb;
    unsigned    vendor_identifier = 0;
    unsigned    service_number = 0;

    len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+len, lvt, &vendor_identifier);
    col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "V=%u ", vendor_identifier);
    offset = fVendorIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);

    next_tvb = tvb_new_subset_remaining(tvb, offset);
    if (dissector_try_uint(bacapp_dissector_table,
        vendor_identifier, next_tvb, pinfo, tree)) {
        /* we parsed it so skip over length and we are done */
        offset += tvb_reported_length(next_tvb);
        return offset;
    }

    /* Not handled by vendor dissector */

    /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            if (tag_no == 2) { /* Make sure it's the expected tag */
                offset += len;
                subtree = tree;
                continue;
            } else {
                break; /* End loop if incorrect closing tag */
            }
        }
        switch (tag_no) {

            /* vendorID is now parsed above */
        case 1: /* serviceNumber */
            fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+len, lvt, &service_number);
            col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "SN=%u ",   service_number);
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "service Number: ");
            break;
        case 2: /*serviceParameters */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1,
                        ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "service Parameters");
                propertyIdentifier = -1;
                offset = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            } else {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fUnconfirmedPrivateTransferRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fConfirmedPrivateTransferRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fConfirmedPrivateTransferAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fConfirmedPrivateTransferRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fLifeSafetyOperationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *label)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    if (label != NULL) {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, label);
    }

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* subscriberProcessId */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "requesting Process Id: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* requestingSource */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "requesting Source: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* request */
            offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "request: ", BACnetLifeSafetyOperation, 64);
            break;
        case 3: /* objectId */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

typedef struct _value_string_enum {
  uint8_t tag_no;
  const value_string *valstr;
} value_string_enum;

static const value_string_enum
BACnetPropertyStatesEnums[] = {
    {   1, BACnetBinaryPV },
    {   2, BACnetEventType },
    {   3, BACnetPolarity },
    {   4, BACnetProgramRequest },
    {   5, BACnetProgramState },
    {   6, BACnetProgramError },
    {   7, BACnetReliability },
    {   8, BACnetEventState },
    {   9, BACnetDeviceStatus },
    {  10, BACnetEngineeringUnits },
    {  12, BACnetLifeSafetyMode },
    {  13, BACnetLifeSafetyState },
    {  14, BACnetRestartReason },
    {  15, BACnetDoorAlarmState },
    {  16, BACnetAction },
    {  17, BACnetDoorSecuredStatus },
    {  18, BACnetDoorStatus },
    {  19, BACnetDoorValue },
    {  20, BACnetFileAccessMethod },
    {  21, BACnetLockStatus },
    {  22, BACnetLifeSafetyOperation },
    {  23, BACnetMaintenance },
    {  24, BACnetNodeType },
    {  25, BACnetNotifyType },
    {  26, BACnetSecurityLevel },
    {  27, BACnetShedState },
    {  28, BACnetSilencedState },
    {  30, BACnetAccessEvent },
    {  31, BACnetAccessZoneOccupancyState },
    {  32, BACnetAccessCredentialDisableReason },
    {  33, BACnetAccessCredentialDisable },
    {  34, BACnetAuthenticationStatus },
    {  36, BACnetBackupState },
    {  37, BACnetWriteStatus },
    {  38, BACnetLightingInProgress },
    {  39, BACnetLightingOperation },
    {  40, BACnetLightingTransition },
    {  42, BACnetBinaryLightingPV },
    {  43, BACnetTimerState },
    {  44, BACnetTimerTransition },
    {  45, BACnetIpMode },
    {  46, BACnetNetworkPortCommand },
    {  47, BACnetNetworkType },
    {  48, BACnetNetworkNumberQuality },
    {  49, BACnetEscalatorOperationDirection },
    {  50, BACnetEscalatorFault },
    {  51, BACnetEscalatorMode },
    {  52, BACnetLiftCarDirection },
    {  53, BACnetLiftCarDoorCommand },
    {  54, BACnetLiftCarDriveStatus },
    {  55, BACnetLiftCarMode },
    {  56, BACnetLiftGroupMode },
    {  57, BACnetLiftFault },
    {  58, BACnetProtocolLevel },
    {  59, BACnetAuditLevel },
    {  60, BACnetAuditOperation }
};
#define BACnetPropertyStatesEnums_Size array_length(BACnetPropertyStatesEnums)

static unsigned
fBACnetPropertyStates(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t      tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t     lvt;
    uint32_t     idx;
    const char* label;
    const value_string_enum* valstrenum;

    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    label = wmem_strdup_printf(pinfo->pool, "%s: ",
                               val_to_str_const( tag_no, VALS(BACnetPropertyStates), "Unknown State" ));

    switch (tag_no) {
    case 0:
        offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
        break;
    case 11:
        offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
        break;
    case 41:
        offset = fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
        break;
    case 63:
        offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label);
        break;
    default:
        valstrenum = NULL;

        for (idx = 0; idx < BACnetPropertyStatesEnums_Size; idx++) {
            valstrenum = &BACnetPropertyStatesEnums[idx];
            if (valstrenum->tag_no == tag_no &&
                valstrenum->valstr != NULL) {
                break;
            }
            valstrenum = NULL;
        }

        if (valstrenum == NULL)
        {
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label, NULL);
            /* don't use Abstract type here because it is context tagged and therefore we don't know app type */
        }
        else
        {
            offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, label,
                    VALS(valstrenum->valstr), 64);
        }
        break;
    }
    return offset;
}


/*
BACnetDeviceObjectPropertyValue ::= SEQUENCE {
      deviceIdentifier       [0]      BACnetObjectIdentifier,
      objectIdentifier       [1]      BACnetObjectIdentifier,
      propertyIdentifier     [2]      BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
      arrayIndex             [3]      Unsigned OPTIONAL,
      value                  [4]      ABSTRACT-SYNTAX.&Type
      }
*/
static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fDeviceObjectPropertyValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* deviceIdentifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* objectIdentifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 2: /* propertyIdentifier */
            offset = fPropertyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 3: /* arrayIndex - OPTIONAL */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "arrayIndex: ");
            break;
        case 4: /* value */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

/*
BACnetDeviceObjectPropertyReference ::= SEQUENCE {
      objectIdentifier       [0]      BACnetObjectIdentifier,
      propertyIdentifier     [1]      BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
      propertyArrayIndex     [2]      Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
                                                                -- if omitted with an array then
                                                                -- the entire array is referenced
      deviceIdentifier       [3]      BACnetObjectIdentifier OPTIONAL
      }
*/
static unsigned
fObjectPropertyReference(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

/*
BACnetDeviceObjectPropertyReference ::= SEQUENCE {
      objectIdentifier       [0]      BACnetObjectIdentifier,
      propertyIdentifier     [1]      BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
      propertyArrayIndex     [2]      Unsigned OPTIONAL, -- used only with array datatype
                                                                -- if omitted with an array then
                                                                -- the entire array is referenced
      deviceIdentifier       [3]      BACnetObjectIdentifier OPTIONAL
      }
*/
static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* objectIdentifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* propertyIdentifier */
            offset = fPropertyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 2: /* arrayIndex - OPTIONAL */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "arrayIndex: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* deviceIdentifier - OPTIONAL */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fNotificationParameters(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = offset;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;
    proto_tree *pvtree;

    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
        ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "notification parameters (%d) %s",
        tag_no, val_to_str_const(tag_no, BACnetEventType, "invalid type"));
    /* Opening tag for parameter choice */
    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    switch (tag_no) {
    case 0: /* change-of-bitstring */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fBitStringTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "referenced-bitstring: ");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 1: /* change-of-state */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fBACnetPropertyStates(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 2: /* change-of-value */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
                case 0:
                    offset = fBitStringTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                        "changed-bits: ");
                    break;
                case 1:
                    offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                        "changed-value: ");
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 3: /* command-failure */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0: /* "command-value: " */
                /* from BACnet Table 13-3,
                    Standard Object Property Values Returned in Notifications */
                propertyIdentifier = 85; /* PRESENT_VALUE */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            case 2: /* "feedback-value: " */
                propertyIdentifier = 40; /* FEEDBACK_VALUE */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 4: /* floating-limit */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "reference-value: ");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "setpoint-value: ");
                break;
            case 3:
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "error-limit: ");
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 5: /* out-of-range */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "exceeding-value: ");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "deadband: ");
                break;
            case 3:
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "exceeded-limit: ");
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 6:
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            offset =fBACnetPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 7: /* deprecated (was 'buffer-ready', changed and moved to [10]) */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier); /* buffer-device */
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier); /* buffer-object */
                break;
            case 2:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "previous-notification: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 3:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "current-notification: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 8: /* change-of-life-safety */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "new-state: ", BACnetLifeSafetyState, 256);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "new-mode: ", BACnetLifeSafetyMode, 256);
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            case 3:
                offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "operation-expected: ", BACnetLifeSafetyOperation, 64);
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 9: /* extended */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fVendorIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "extended-event-type: ");
                break;
            case 2: /* parameters */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

                while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
                    const unsigned param_lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info))
                    {
                        break;
                    }

                    if (tag_is_opening(tag_info))
                    {
                        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        offset = fDeviceObjectPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "parameters: ");
                    }
                    if (offset <= param_lastoffset)
                        break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
                }

                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 10: /* buffer ready */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0: /* buffer-property */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "previous-notification: ");
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "current-notification: ");
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 11: /* unsigned range */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "exceeding-value: ");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "exceeded-limit: ");
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
        /* 12 reserved */
    case 13: /* access-event */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                                              "access event: ", BACnetAccessEvent, 512);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "access-event-tag: ");
                break;
            case 3:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "access-event-time: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 4:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fDeviceObjectReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 5: /* optional authentication-factor */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fAuthenticationFactor(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 14: /* double-out-of-range */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fDoubleTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "exceeding-value: ");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fDoubleTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "deadband: ");
                break;
            case 3:
                offset = fDoubleTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "exceeded-limit: ");
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 15: /* signed-out-of-range */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "exceeding-value: ");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "deadband: ");
                break;
            case 3:
                offset = fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "exceeded-limit: ");
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 16: /* unsigned-out-of-range */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "exceeding-value: ");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "deadband: ");
                break;
            case 3:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "exceeded-limit: ");
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 17: /* change-of-characterstring */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                 /* changed-value (CharacterString) */
                offset  = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "changed-value: ");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            case 2:
                /* alarm-value (CharacterString) */
                offset  = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "alarm-value: ");
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 18: /* change-of-status-flags */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

                fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                if (tag_is_context_specific(tag_info)) {
                    propertyIdentifier = 85; /* suppose present-value here */
                    offset = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                } else {
                    offset = fPresentValue(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, BACnetStatusFlags, 0, BACAPP_PRESENT_VALUE_ENUM);
                }

                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "referenced-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 19: /* change-of-reliability */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;

            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
               offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "reliability:", BACnetReliability);
               break;
            case 1:
               offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
               break;
            case 2: /* property-values */
               fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
               if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                  offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
               return offset;
               }
               pvtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "property-values");
               offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, pvtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
               offset = fBACnetPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, pvtree, offset);
               offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, pvtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
               break;
            default:
               break;
           }
           if (offset <= lastoffset)
               break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 20: /* context tag [20] is not used */
        break;
    case 21: /* change-of-discrete-value */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0: /* new-value */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

                fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                if (tag_is_opening(tag_info))
                {
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    offset  = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "new-value: ");
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                }
                else
                {
                    offset  = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "new-value: ");
                }

                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 1: /* status-flags */
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 22: /* change-of-timer */
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0: /* new-state */
                offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "new-state: ", BACnetTimerState, 256);
                break;
            case 1: /* status-flags */
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "status-flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            case 2: /* update-time */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "update-time: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 3: /* last-state-change (OPTIONAL) */
                offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "new-state: ", BACnetTimerTransition, 256);
                break;
            case 4: /* initial-timeout (OPTIONAL) */
                offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "initial-timeout: ");
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;

        /* todo: add new parameters here ... */
    default:
        offset = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
        break;
    }

    /* Closing tag for parameter choice */
    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fEventParameter(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = offset;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
        ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "event parameters (%d) %s",
        tag_no, val_to_str_const(tag_no, BACnetEventType, "invalid type"));

    /* Opening tag for parameter choice */
    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    switch (tag_no) {
    case 0: /* change-of-bitstring */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                break;
            }
            switch (tag_no) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "bitmask: ");
                break;
            case 2: /* SEQUENCE OF BIT STRING */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        break;
                    }
                    offset = fBitStringTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                                           "bitstring value: ");
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 1: /* change-of-state */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                break;
            }
            switch (tag_no) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1: /* SEQUENCE OF BACnetPropertyStates */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        break;
                    }
                    offset = fBACnetPropertyStates(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 2: /* change-of-value */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1: /* don't loop it, it's a CHOICE */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
                case 0:
                    offset = fBitStringTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "bitmask: ");
                    break;
                case 1:
                    offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                                       "referenced Property Increment: ");
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 3: /* command-failure */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            tag_no = fTagNo(tvb, offset);
            switch (tag_no) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 4: /* floating-limit */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                break;
            }
            switch (tag_no) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 2:
                offset  = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "low diff limit: ");
                break;
            case 3:
                offset  = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "high diff limit: ");
                break;
            case 4:
                offset  = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "deadband: ");
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 5: /* out-of-range */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "low limit: ");
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "high limit: ");
                break;
            case 3:
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "deadband: ");
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 6: /* complex-event-type */
        /* deprecated */
        offset = fBACnetPropertyValue (tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 7: /* buffer-ready */
        /* deprecated */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "notification threshold");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                                       "previous notification count: ");
                break;
            default:
                return offset;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 8: /* change-of-life-safety */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        break;
                    }
                    offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                                                  "life safety alarm value: ", BACnetLifeSafetyState, 256);
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 2:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        break;
                    }
                    offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                                                  "alarm value: ", BACnetLifeSafetyState, 256);
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 3:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 9: /* extended */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fVendorIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "extended-event-type: ");
                break;
            case 2: /* parameters */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info) && tag_no == 2) {
                        break;
                    }

                    if ( ! tag_is_context_specific(tag_info)) {
                        offset  = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "parameters: ");
                    } else {
                        if (tag_no == 0) {
                            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                            offset  = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        } else {
                            offset = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                        }
                    }
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
        }
        break;
    case 10: /* buffer-ready */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                                       "notification-threshold: ");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                                       "previous-notification-count: ");
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 11: /* unsigned-range */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                                       "low-limit: ");
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                                       "high-limit: ");
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 13: /* access-event */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                /* TODO: [0] SEQUENCE OF BACnetAccessEvent */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        break;
                    }
                    offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                                                  "access event: ", BACnetAccessEvent, 512);
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 14: /* double-out-of-range */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fDoubleTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "low limit: ");
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fDoubleTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "high limit: ");
                break;
            case 3:
                offset = fDoubleTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "deadband: ");
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 15: /* signed-out-of-range */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "low limit: ");
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "high limit: ");
                break;
            case 3:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "deadband: ");
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 16: /* unsigned-out-of-range */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "low limit: ");
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "high limit: ");
                break;
            case 3:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "deadband: ");
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 17: /* change-of-characterstring */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1: /* SEQUENCE OF CharacterString */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        break;
                    }
                    offset  = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "alarm value: ");
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 18: /* change-of-status-flags */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    "selected flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 19: /* has been intentionally omitted. It parallels the change-of-reliability event type */
        break;
    case 20: /* none */
        /* no closing tag expected only context tag here */
        return offset;
    case 21: /* change-of-discrete-value */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 22: /* change-of-timer */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0: /* time-delay */
                offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Time Delay");
                break;
            case 1: /* alarm-values */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        break;
                    }
                offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                                                  "alarm value: ", BACnetTimerState);
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 2: /* update-time-reference */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    /* todo: add new event-parameter cases here */
  default:
        break;
    }

    /* Closing tag for parameter choice */
    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fFaultParameter(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = offset;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
      ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "fault parameters (%d) %s",
      tag_no, val_to_str_const(tag_no, BACnetFaultType, "invalid type"));

    /* Opening tag for parameter choice */
    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    switch (tag_no) {
    case 0: /* none */
        /* no closing tag expected only context tag here */
        return offset;
    case 1: /* fault-characterstring */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) && (offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0: /* SEQUENCE OF CharacterString */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) && (offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        break;
                    }
                    offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "fault value: ");
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 2: /* fault-extended */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) && (offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset = fVendorIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "extended-fault-type: ");
                break;
            case 2: /* parameters */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "parameters: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                lastoffset = offset;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 3: /* fault-life-safety */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) && (offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) && (offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        break;
                    }
                    offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                      "fault value: ", BACnetLifeSafetyState);
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 4: /* fault-state */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) && (offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                break;
            }
            switch (tag_no) {
            case 0: /* SEQUENCE OF BACnetPropertyStates */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) && (offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        break;
                    }
                    offset = fBACnetPropertyStates(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 5: /* fault-status-flags */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) && (offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 6: /* fault-out-of-range */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) && (offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                break;
            }
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "min-normal-value: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "max-normal-value: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 7: /* fault-listed */
        while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) && (offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
            lastoffset = offset;
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                break;
          }
        }
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }

    /* Closing tag for parameter choice */
    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fEventNotificationSubscription(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    unsigned    itemno = 1;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* recipient  */
            tree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, 1,
              ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "Subscription %d", itemno);    /* add tree label and indent */
            itemno = itemno + 1;

            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1,
              ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "Recipient: ");    /* add tree label and indent */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context open */
            offset = fRecipient(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);  /* show context close */
            break;
        case 1: /* process-identifier  */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Process Identifier: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* issue-confirmed-notifications  */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Issue Confirmed Notifications: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* time-remaining  */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Time Remaining: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fLightingCommand(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
      ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* operation */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "operation: ", BACnetLightingOperation);
            break;
        case 1: /* target-level */
            offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "target-level: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* ramp-rate */
            offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "ramp-rate: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* step-increment */
            offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "step-increment: ");
            break;
        case 4: /* fade-time */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "fade-time: ");
            break;
        case 5: /* priority */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "priority: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fColorCommand(tvbuff_t* tvb, packet_info* pinfo, proto_tree* tree, unsigned offset, const char* lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree* subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
        ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* operation */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "operation: ", BACnetColorOperation);
            break;
        case 1: /* target-color */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fXyColor(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "xy-color: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* target-color-temperature */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "target-color-temperature: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* fade-time */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "fade-time: ");
            break;
        case 4: /* ramp-rate */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "ramp-rate: ");
            break;
        case 5: /* step-increment */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "step-increment: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fXyColor(tvbuff_t* tvb, packet_info* pinfo, proto_tree* tree, unsigned offset, const char* label)
{
    proto_tree* subtree = tree;

    if (label != NULL) {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 10, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, label);
    }
    offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "x-coordinate: ");
    return fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "y-coordinate: ");
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fTimerStateChangeValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    int32_t save_propertyIdentifier;
    unsigned ftag_offset;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag. A closing tag means we are done */
        ftag_offset = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        if (tag_is_context_specific(tag_info)){
            switch (tag_no) {
            case 0: /* no-value */
                offset = fNullTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "no-value: ");
                break;
            case 1: /* constructed-value */
                offset += ftag_offset;
                /* this ASN-1 construction may contain also an property identifier, so
                   save the one we have got and restore it later and invalidate current
                   one to avoid misinterpretations */
                save_propertyIdentifier = propertyIdentifier;
                propertyIdentifier = -1;
                offset  = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                propertyIdentifier = save_propertyIdentifier;
                offset += fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 2: /* date-time */
                offset += ftag_offset;
                offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "date-time: ");
                offset += fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 3: /* lighting-command */
                offset += ftag_offset;
                offset = fLightingCommand(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "lighting-command: ");
                offset += fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                return offset;
            }
        }
        else {
            offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, NULL);
        }
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fHostAddress(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* none */
            offset = fNullTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "no-value: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* ip-address */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "ip-address: ", lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* internet name (see RFC 1123) */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "name: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fHostNPort(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
        ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* host */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fHostAddress(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* port */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "port: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fBDTEntry(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* bbmd-address */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fHostNPort(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "bbmd-address: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* bbmd-mask */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "bbmd-mask: ", lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fFDTEntry(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* bacnetip-address */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "bacnetip-address: ", lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* time-to-live */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "time-to-live: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* remaining-time-to-live */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "remaining-time-to-live: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

  return offset;
}

static unsigned
fRouterEntry(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* network number */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "network number: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* MAC address */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "MAC address: ", lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* status */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "status: ", BACnetRouterStatus);
            break;
        case 3: /* performance index */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "performance index: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fVMACEntry(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* virtual mac address */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "virtual MAC address: ", lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* native mac address */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "native MAC address: ", lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
  }

  return offset;
}

static unsigned
fValueSource(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* null */
            offset = fNullTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "no-value: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* object reference */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDeviceObjectReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* address */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAddress(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

  return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAssignedLandingCalls(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* floor number */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "floor number: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* direction */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "direction: ", BACnetLiftCarDirection);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fLandingCallStatus(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* floor number */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "floor number: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* direction */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "direction: ", BACnetLiftCarDirection);
            break;
        case 2: /* destination */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "destination: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* floor-text */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "floor-text: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fLandingDoorStatus(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* floor number */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "floor number: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* door status */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "door status: ", BACnetDoorStatus);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fCOVMultipleSubscription(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* recipient */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fRecipientProcess(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* issue-confirmed-notifications */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "issue confirmed notifications: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* time-remaining */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "time remaining: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* max-notification-delay */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "max notification delay: ");
            break;
        case 4: /* list-of-cov-subscription-specifications */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
                lastoffset = offset;
                /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
                fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                    break;
                }
                switch (tag_no) {
                case 0: /* monitored-object-identifier */
                    offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
                    break;
                case 1: /* list-of-cov-references */
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        break;
                    }
                    switch (tag_no) {
                    case 0: /* monitored-property */
                        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        offset = fBACnetPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, 0);
                        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        break;
                    case 1: /* cov-increment */
                        offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "cov-increment: ");
                        break;
                    case 2: /* timestamped */
                        offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "timestamped: ");
                        break;
                    default:
                        return offset;
                    }
                    if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
                    }
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    break;
                default:
                    return offset;
                }
                if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fNameValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }
        if (tag_is_context_specific(tag_info)) {
            switch (tag_no) {
            case 0: /* name */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "name: ");
            break;
            case 1: /* date+time value */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "value: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
            default: /* abstract syntax and type */
            /* DMR Should be fAbstractNSyntax, but that's where we came from! */
            offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "value: ");
            break;
            }
        }
        else {
            /* DMR Should be fAbstractNSyntax, but that's where we came from! */
            offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "value: ");
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fNameValueCollection(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
            ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", "name-value-collection: ");

    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        offset = fNameValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
    }

    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fObjectSelector(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* NULL */
            offset = fNullTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "NULL: ");
            break;
        case 9: /* object-type */
            offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "object-type: ", BACnetObjectType, 256);
            break;
        case 12: /* object */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fDeviceAddressProxyTableEntry(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* address */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAddress(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* i-am */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fIAmRequest(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* last-i-am-time */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "issued: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAccessToken(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;
    proto_tree *subsubtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* issuer */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "issuer: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* issued */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "issued: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* audience */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            subsubtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                      ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", "audience:");

            while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
                lastoffset = offset;
                /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
                fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                    break;
                }

                offset = fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, "listener: ");
                if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 3: /* not-before */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "not-before: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 4: /* not-after */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "not-after: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 5: /* client */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "client: ");
            break;
        case 6: /* constraint */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAuthorizationConstraint(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "constraint: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 7: /* scope */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAuthorizationScope(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "scope: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 8: /* key-id */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "key-id: ");
            break;
        case 9: /* signature */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "signature", lvt);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

unsigned
bacnet_dissect_token(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree,
    unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    return fAccessToken(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, lable);
}

static unsigned
fAuthenticationClient(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "authenticated: ");
        offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "device: ");
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthorizationEvent(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* time-stamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "time-stamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* address */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAddress(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* client */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAuthenticationClient(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "client: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 3: /* token */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAccessToken(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "token: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 4: /* decision */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "decision: ", BACnetAuthorizationDecision);
            break;
        case 5: /* decision-details */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "decision-details: ");
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthenticationPeer(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* host */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fHostNPort(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "host: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "device: ");
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "auth-aware: ");
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "router: ");
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "hub: ");
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthenticationEvent(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
    case 0: /* time-stamp */
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
      offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "time-stamp: ");
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
    case 1: /* peer */
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
      offset = fAuthenticationPeer(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "peer: ");
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
    case 2: /* client */
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
      offset = fAuthenticationClient(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "client: ");
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
    case 3: /* decision */
      offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "decision: ", BACnetAuthenticationDecision);
            break;
    case 4: /* decision-details */
      offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "decision-details: ");
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthorizationPolicy(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;
    proto_tree *subsubtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* not-before */
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
      offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "not-before: ");
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* not-after */
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
      offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "not-after: ");
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* clients */
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
      subsubtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", "clients:");

      while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
          break;
        }

                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, "client: ");
      }
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 3: /* constraint */
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
      offset = fAuthorizationConstraint(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "constraint: ");
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 4: /* scope */
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
      offset = fAuthorizationScope(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "scope: ");
      offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthorizationConstraint(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

    offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "origin: ", BACnetAuthorizationConstraintOrigin);
    offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "authentication: ", BACnetAuthorizationConstraintAuthentication);
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthorizationScope(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;
    proto_tree *subsubtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* extended */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                subsubtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "extended: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

                while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        offset += len;
                        break;
                    }

                    offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, "scope: ");
                    if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
                }
            } else {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        default: /* standard */
            offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "standard: ", BACnetAuthorizationScopeStandard);
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

unsigned
bacnet_dissect_scope(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree,
    unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    return fAuthorizationScope(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, lable);
}

static unsigned
fAuthorizationScopeDescription(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
    lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "name: ");
        offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "description: ");
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthorizationServer(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* auth-server */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "auth-server: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* signing-key #1 */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "signing-key #1: ", lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* signing-key #2 */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "signing-key #2: ", lvt);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthorizationStatus(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* posture */
            offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "posture: ", BACnetAuthorizationPosture);
            break;
        case 1: /* error */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fError(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* error-source */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 3: /* error-details */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "error-details: ");
            break;
        case 4: /* authentication-success */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
                lastoffset = offset;
                /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
                fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                    break;
                }

                offset = fAuthenticationEvent(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "authentication-success");
                if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 5: /* authentication-failure */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
                lastoffset = offset;
                /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
                fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                    break;
                }

                offset = fAuthenticationEvent(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "authentication-failure");
                if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 6: /* authorization-success */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
                lastoffset = offset;
                /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
                fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                    break;
                }

                offset = fAuthorizationEvent(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "authorization-success");
                if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 7: /* authorization-failure */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
                lastoffset = offset;
                /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
                fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                    break;
                }

                offset = fAuthorizationEvent(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "authorization-failure");
                if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fStageLimitValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) <= 0)
        return offset;
    offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "limit: ");
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) <= 0)
        return offset;
    offset = fBitStringTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "values: ");
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) <= 0)
        return offset;
    offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "deadband: ");
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fLifeSafetyInfo(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* requesting-process-identifier */
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "requesting-process-identifier: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* request */
            offset  = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "requested-operation: ", BACnetLifeSafetyOperation, 64);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAcknowledgeAlarmInfo(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* event-state-acknowledged */
            offset  = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "event-state-acknowledged: ", BACnetEventState, 64);
            break;
        case 1: /* timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context open */
            offset  = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "source-timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context close */
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fAuditNotificationInfo(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   len, lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    uint32_t operation = 0;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* source-timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context open */
            offset  = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "source-timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context close */
            break;
        case 1: /* target-timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context open */
            offset  = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "target-timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context close */
            break;
        case 2: /* source-device */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "source-device: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context open */
            offset = fRecipient(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context close */
            break;
        case 3: /* source-object */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "source-object: ");
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 4: /* operation */
            fUnsigned32(tvb, offset, lvt, &operation);
            offset  = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                  "operation: ", BACnetAuditOperation, 64);
            break;
        case 5: /* source-comment */
            offset  = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "source-comment: ");
            break;
        case 6: /* target-comment */
            offset  = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "target-comment: ");
            break;
        case 7: /* invoke-id */
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "invoke-id: ");
            break;
        case 8: /* source-user-id */
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "source-user-id: ");
            break;
        case 9: /* source-user-role */
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "source-user-role: ");
            break;
        case 10: /* target-device */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "target-device: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context open */
            offset = fRecipient(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context close */
            break;
        case 11: /* target-object */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "target-object: ");
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 12: /* target-property */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "target-property: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context open */
            offset = fPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, 0, 0);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context close */
            break;
        case 13: /* target-priority */
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "target-priority: ");
            break;
        case 14: /* target-value */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "target-value: ");
            if (operation == 4) {
                /* operation life safety */
                /* inspect next tag */
                fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset + len, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                if ( tag_no == 0 &&
                     ! tag_is_opening(tag_info) &&
                     tag_is_context_specific(tag_info) ) {
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context open */
                    offset = fLifeSafetyInfo(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context close */
                } else {
                    /* abstract syntax and type */
                    offset = fPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, tag_info);
                }
            } else if ( operation == 5 ) {
                /* operation acknowledge alarm */
                /* inspect next tag */
                fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset + len, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                if ( tag_no == 0 &&
                     ! tag_is_opening(tag_info) &&
                     tag_is_context_specific(tag_info) ) {
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context open */
                    offset = fAcknowledgeAlarmInfo(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context close */
                } else {
                    /* abstract syntax and type */
                    offset = fPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, tag_info);
                }
            } else {
                /* abstract syntax and type */
                offset = fPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, tag_info);
            }
            break;
        case 15: /* current-value */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "current-value: ");
            /* always abstract syntax and type */
            offset = fPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, tag_info);
            break;
        case 16: /* error-result */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "error-result: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context open */
            offset = fError(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt); /* show context close */
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fAuditLogRecord(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fDate(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Date: ");
            offset  = fTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Time: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* logDatum: don't loop, it's a CHOICE */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0: /* logStatus */    /* Changed this to BitString per BACnet Spec. */
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "log status:", BACnetLogStatus);
                break;
            case 1: /* notification */
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "notification: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fAuditNotificationInfo(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 2: /* time-change */
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "time-change: ");
                break;
            default:
                return offset;
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fEventLogRecord(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fDate(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Date: ");
            offset  = fTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Time: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* logDatum: don't loop, it's a CHOICE */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0: /* logStatus */    /* Changed this to BitString per BACnet Spec. */
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "log status:", BACnetLogStatus);
                break;
            case 1: /* notification */
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "notification: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fConfirmedEventNotificationRequest(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 2: /* time-change */
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "time-change: ");
                break;
            default:
                return offset;
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fLogRecord(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    int32_t save_propertyIdentifier;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fDate(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Date: ");
            offset  = fTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Time: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* logDatum: don't loop, it's a CHOICE */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0: /* logStatus */    /* Changed this to BitString per BACnet Spec. */
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "log status: ", BACnetLogStatus);
                break;
            case 1:
                offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "boolean-value: ");
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "real value: ");
                break;
            case 3:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "enum value: ");
                break;
            case 4:
                offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "unsigned value: ");
                break;
            case 5:
                offset = fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "signed value: ");
                break;
            case 6:
                offset = fBitStringTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "bitstring value: ");
                break;
            case 7:
                offset = fNullTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "null value: ");
                break;
            case 8:
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 9:
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "time change: ");
                break;
            case 10:    /* any Value */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                /* this ASN-1 construction may contain also an property identifier, so
                   save the one we have got and restore it later and invalidate current
                   one to avoid misinterpretations */
                save_propertyIdentifier = propertyIdentifier;
                propertyIdentifier = -1;
                offset  = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                propertyIdentifier = save_propertyIdentifier;
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            default:
                return offset;
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2:
            /* Changed this to BitString per BACnet Spec. */
            offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Status Flags: ", BACnetStatusFlags);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fLogMultipleRecord(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    int32_t save_propertyIdentifier;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fDate(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Date: ");
            offset  = fTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Time: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* logData: don't loop, it's a CHOICE */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
            case 0: /* logStatus */    /* Changed this to BitString per BACnet Spec. */
                offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "log status: ", BACnetLogStatus);
                break;
            case 1: /* log-data: SEQUENCE OF CHOICE */
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) && (offset != lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        lastoffset = offset;
                        break;
                    }
                    switch (tag_no) {
                    case 0:
                        offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "boolean-value: ");
                        break;
                    case 1:
                        offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "real value: ");
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "enum value: ");
                        break;
                    case 3:
                        offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "unsigned value: ");
                        break;
                    case 4:
                        offset = fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "signed value: ");
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        offset = fBitStringTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "bitstring value: ");
                        break;
                    case 6:
                        offset = fNullTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "null value: ");
                        break;
                    case 7:
                        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        offset  = fError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        break;
                    case 8: /* any Value */
                        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        /* this ASN-1 construction may contain also an property identifier, so
                           save the one we have got and restore it later and invalidate current
                           one to avoid misinterpretations */
                        save_propertyIdentifier = propertyIdentifier;
                        propertyIdentifier = -1;
                        offset  = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                        propertyIdentifier = save_propertyIdentifier;
                        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        break;
                    default:
                        return offset;
                    }
                }
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                break;
            case 2:
                offset = fRealTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "time-change: ");
                break;
            default:
                return offset;
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}


static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fConfirmedEventNotificationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* ProcessId */
            offset  = fProcessId(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 1: /* initiating ObjectId */
            offset  = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 2: /* event ObjectId */
            offset  = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 3: /* time stamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, NULL);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 4: /* notificationClass */
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Notification Class: ");
            break;
        case 5: /* Priority */
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Priority: ");
            break;
        case 6: /* EventType */
            offset = fEventType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 7: /* messageText */
            offset  = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "message Text: ");
            break;
        case 8: /* NotifyType */
            offset = fNotifyType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 9: /* ackRequired */
            offset  = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "ack Required: ");
            break;
        case 10: /* fromState */
            offset = fFromState(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 11: /* toState */
            offset = fToState(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 12: /* NotificationParameters */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fNotificationParameters(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fUnconfirmedEventNotificationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fConfirmedEventNotificationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fConfirmedCOVNotificationMultipleRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;
    proto_tree *subsubtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            offset += len;
            subtree = tree;
            continue;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* ProcessId */
            offset = fProcessId(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 1: /* initiating DeviceId */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier);
            break;
        case 2: /* time remaining */
            offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Time remaining: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* timestamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 4: /* list-of-cov-notifications */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                /* new subtree for list-of-cov-notifications */
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "list-of-cov-notifications: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

                while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                    lastoffset = offset;
                    len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                        /* end for list-of-cov-notifications */
                        fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                        offset += len;
                        subtree = tree;
                        break;
                    }

                    switch (tag_no) {
                    case 0: /* monitored-object-identifier */
                        offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
                        break;
                    case 1: /* list-of-values */
                        if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                            /* new subtree for list-of-values */
                            subsubtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "list-of-values: ");
                            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

                            while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                            lastoffset = offset;
                            len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                            if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                                /* end of list-of-values */
                                fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                                offset += len;
                                break;
                            }

                            switch (tag_no) {
                            case 0: /* PropertyIdentifier */
                                offset = fPropertyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset);
                                break;
                            case 1: /* propertyArrayIndex */
                                offset = fPropertyArrayIndex(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset);
                                break;
                            case 2: /* property-value */
                                offset = fPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, tag_info);
                                break;
                            case 3: /* time-of-change */
                                offset = fTime(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, "time of change: ");
                                break;
                            default:
                                /* wrong tag encoding */
                                return offset;
                            }
                            if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            /* wrong tag encoding */
                            expert_add_info(pinfo, subsubtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
                        }
                        break;
                    default:
                        /* wrong tag encoding */
                        return offset;
                    }
                    if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
                }
            }
            else {
                /* wrong tag encoding */
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        default:
            /* wrong tag encoding */
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fUnconfirmedCOVNotificationMultipleRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fConfirmedCOVNotificationMultipleRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fConfirmedCOVNotificationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset += len;
            subtree = tree;
            continue;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* ProcessId */
            offset = fProcessId(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 1: /* initiating DeviceId */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier);
            break;
        case 2: /* monitored ObjectId */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 3: /* time remaining */
            offset = fTimeSpan(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Time remaining: ");
            break;
        case 4: /* List of Values */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "list of Values: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fBACnetPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            }
            else {
            expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fUnconfirmedCOVNotificationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fConfirmedCOVNotificationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fAcknowledgeAlarmRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no = 0, tag_info = 0;
    uint32_t lvt = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* acknowledgingProcessId */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "acknowledging Process Id: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* eventObjectId */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 2: /* eventStateAcknowledged */
            offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "event State Acknowledged: ", BACnetEventState, 64);
            break;
        case 3: /* timeStamp */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, NULL);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 4: /* acknowledgementSource */
            offset  = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "acknowledgement Source: ");
            break;
        case 5: /* timeOfAcknowledgement */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "acknowledgement timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fGetAlarmSummaryAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Object Identifier: ");
        offset = fApplicationTypesEnumeratedSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
            "alarm State: ", BACnetEventState, 64);
        offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
            "acknowledged Transitions: ", BACnetEventTransitionBits);
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return  offset;
}

static unsigned
fGetEnrollmentSummaryRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* acknowledgmentFilter */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "acknowledgment Filter: ", BACnetAcknowledgementFilter);
            break;
        case 1: /* eventObjectId - OPTIONAL */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fRecipientProcess(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* eventStateFilter */
            offset  = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "event State Filter: ", BACnetEventStateFilter);
            break;
        case 3: /* eventTypeFilter - OPTIONAL */
            offset  = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "event Type Filter: ", BACnetEventType);
            break;
        case 4: /* priorityFilter */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "min Priority: ");
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "max Priority: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 5: /* notificationClassFilter - OPTIONAL */
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "notification Class Filter: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fGetEnrollmentSummaryAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Object Identifier: ");
        offset = fApplicationTypesEnumeratedSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
            "event Type: ", BACnetEventType, 64);
        offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
            "event State: ", BACnetEventState);
        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Priority: ");
        if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && fTagNo(tvb, offset) == 2)  /* Notification Class - OPTIONAL */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Notification Class: ");
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return  offset;
}

static unsigned
fGetEventInformationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        if (fTagNo(tvb, offset) == 0) {
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
        }
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
flistOfEventSummaries(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree* subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* we are finished here if we spot a closing tag */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* ObjectId */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* eventState */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "event State: ", BACnetEventState);
            break;
        case 2: /* acknowledgedTransitions */
            offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "acknowledged Transitions: ", BACnetEventTransitionBits);
            break;
        case 3: /* eventTimeStamps */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, lvt, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "eventTimeStamps");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "TO-OFFNORMAL timestamp: ");
            offset  = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "TO-FAULT timestamp: ");
            offset  = fTimeStamp(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "TO-NORMAL timestamp: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 4: /* notifyType */
            offset = fNotifyType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 5: /* eventEnable */
            offset  = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "event Enable: ", BACnetEventTransitionBits);
            break;
        case 6: /* eventPriorities */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, lvt, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "eventPriorities");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "TO-OFFNORMAL Priority: ");
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "TO-FAULT Priority: ");
            offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "TO-NORMAL Priority: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fLOPR(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    col_set_writable(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, false); /* don't set all infos into INFO column */
    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* we are finished here if we spot a closing tag */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }
        offset = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fGetEventInformationACK(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* listOfEventSummaries */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = flistOfEventSummaries(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* moreEvents */
            offset  = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "more Events: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAddListElementRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree    = tree;

    col_set_writable(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, false); /* don't set all infos into INFO column */

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            offset += len;
            subtree = tree;
            continue;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* ObjectId */
            offset = fBACnetObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            break;
        case 3: /* listOfElements */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "listOfElements");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            } else {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fDeleteObjectRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
}

static unsigned
fDeviceCommunicationControlRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;

        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* timeDuration */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "time Duration: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* enable-disable */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "enable-disable: ",
                BACnetEnableDisable);
            break;
        case 2: /* password - OPTIONAL */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Password: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fReinitializeDeviceRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;

        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* reinitializedStateOfDevice */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "reinitialized State Of Device: ",
                BACnetReinitializedStateOfDevice);
            break;
        case 1: /* password - OPTIONAL */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Password: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fVtOpenRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                                          "vtClass: ", BACnetVTClass);
    return fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "local VT Session ID: ");
}

static unsigned
fVtOpenAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "remote VT Session ID: ");
}

static unsigned
fVtCloseRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        offset= fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "remote VT Session ID: ");
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fVtDataRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    offset= fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "VT Session ID: ");
    offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "VT New Data: ");
    return fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "VT Data Flag: ");
}

static unsigned
fVtDataAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;

        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* BOOLEAN */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "all New Data Accepted: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* Unsigned OPTIONAL */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "accepted Octet Count: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fConfirmedAuditNotificationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    unsigned   firstloop = 1;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        }

        if (tag_is_opening(tag_info) && firstloop) {
            firstloop = 0;
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        }

        offset = fAuditNotificationInfo(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fUnconfirmedAuditNotificationRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fConfirmedAuditNotificationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fAuditLogQueryByTargetParameters(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* target-device-identifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* target-device-address */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fAddress(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* target-object-identifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 3: /* target-property-identifier */
            offset = fPropertyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 4: /* target-property-array-index */
            offset = fPropertyArrayIndex(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 5: /* target-priority */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "target-priority: ");
            break;
        case 6: /* target-operation */
            offset  = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                  "target-operation: ", BACnetAuditOperation);
            break;
        case 7: /* successful-action */
            offset  = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                  "target-successful-action: ", BACnetSuccessFilter, 64);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuditLogQueryBySourceParameters(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* source-device-identifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* source-device-address */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fAddress(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* source-object-identifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 3: /* source-operation */
            offset  = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                  "source-operation: ", BACnetAuditOperation);
            break;
        case 4: /* successful-action */
            offset  = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                  "source-successful-action: ", BACnetSuccessFilter, 64);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuditLogQueryParameters(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* query-by-target-parameters */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "target-parameters: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fAuditLogQueryByTargetParameters(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 1: /* query-by-source-parameters */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "source-parameters: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fAuditLogQueryBySourceParameters(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuditLogQueryRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* audit-log */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* query-parameters */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "query-parameters: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAuditLogQueryParameters(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* start-at-sequence-number */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "start-at-sequence-number: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* requested-count */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "requested-count: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuditLogRecordResult(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0 : /* sequence-number */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "sequence-number: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* log-record */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "log-record: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAuditLogRecord(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuditLogQueryAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* audit-log */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* records */
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "records: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAuditLogRecordResult(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* no-more-items */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "no-more-items: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthRequestTokenRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, const char *lable)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;
    proto_tree *subsubtree = tree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
        ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", lable);

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* client */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "client: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* audience */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            subsubtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(subtree, tvb, offset, 0,
                      ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "%s", "audience:");

            while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
                lastoffset = offset;
                /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
                fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                    break;
                }

                offset = fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subsubtree, offset, "listener: ");
                if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* scope */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAuthorizationScope(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "scope: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthRequestRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* token */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAuthRequestTokenRequest(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "token: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthRequestAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* token */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fAccessToken(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "token: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthRequestError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* error */
            offset = fContextTaggedError(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            break;
        case 1: /* details */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "details: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fWhoAmIRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Vendor ID: ");
        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Model name: ");
        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Serial number: ");
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fYouAreRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    /* https://bacnet.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2022/08/Add-135-2016bz.pdf
     * Vendor ID            | M
     * Model Name           | M
     * Serial Number        | M
     * Device Identifier    | C
     * Device MAC Addresss  | C
     *
     * "Either the 'Device Identifier', or 'Device MAC Address', or both shall
     * be present."
     */

    /* XXX - Does this really need to loop? */
    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Vendor ID: ");
        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Model name: ");
        offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Serial number: ");

        /* At least one of Device Identifier (12) or Device MAC Address (6)
         * shall be present, so we should error if neither are. */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 12:
            offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Device Identifier: ");
            if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) == 0) {
                return offset;
            }
            fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            if (tag_no != 6) {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, tree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case 6:
            offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Device MAC address: ");
            break;
        default:
            expert_add_info(pinfo, tree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthenticateRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;

        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* Unsigned32 */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "pseudo Random Number: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* expected Invoke ID Unsigned8 OPTIONAL */
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_bacapp_invoke_id, tvb, offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            break;
        case 2: /* Character String OPTIONAL */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "operator Name: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* Character String OPTIONAL */
            offset = fCharacterString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "operator Password: ");
            break;
        case 4: /* Boolean OPTIONAL */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "start Encyphered Session: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthenticateAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "modified Random Number: ");
}

static unsigned
fAuthenticationFactor(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* quit loop if we spot a closing tag */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* format-type */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "format-type: ", NULL);
            break;
        case 1: /* format-class */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "format-class: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* value */
            offset = fOctetString(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "value: ", lvt);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }

        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;    /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthenticationFactorFormat(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* quit loop if we spot a closing tag */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* format-type */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "format-type: ", NULL);
            break;
        case 1: /* vendor-id */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "vendor-id: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* vendor-format */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "vendor-format: ");
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }

        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;    /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAuthenticationPolicy(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* quit loop if we spot a closing tag */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* policy */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                lastoffset = offset;
                fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                /* quit loop if we spot a closing tag */
                if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    break;
                }

                switch (tag_no) {
                case 0: /* credential-data-input */
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    offset = fDeviceObjectReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                    break;
                case 1: /* index */
                    offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "index: ");
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
                }

                if (offset <= lastoffset) break;    /* nothing happened, exit loop */
            }
            break;
        case 1: /* order-enforced */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "order-enforced: ");
            break;
        case 2: /* timeout */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "timeout: ");
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }

        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;    /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fRequestKeyRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier); /* Requesting Device Identifier */
    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    offset = fAddress(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier); /* Remote Device Identifier */
    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    offset = fAddress(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fRemoveListElementRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    /* Same as AddListElement request after service choice */
    return fAddListElementRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fReadPropertyRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fBACnetObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fReadPropertyAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    /* set the optional global properties to indicate not-used */
    propertyArrayIndex = -1;
    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            offset += len;
            subtree = tree;
            continue;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* objectIdentifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* propertyIdentifier */
            offset = fPropertyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            break;
        case 2: /* propertyArrayIndex */
            offset = fPropertyArrayIndex(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            break;
        case 3: /* propertyValue */
            offset = fPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, tag_info);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fWritePropertyRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    /* set the optional global properties to indicate not-used */
    propertyArrayIndex = -1;
    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* quit loop if we spot a closing tag */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* objectIdentifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* propertyIdentifier */
            offset = fPropertyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            break;
        case 2: /* propertyArrayIndex */
            offset = fPropertyArrayIndex(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            break;
        case 3: /* propertyValue */
            offset = fPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, tag_info);
            break;
        case 4: /* Priority (only used for write) */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Priority: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fWriteAccessSpecification(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* maybe a listOfwriteAccessSpecifications if we spot a closing tag */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            offset += len;
            continue;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* objectIdentifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* listOfPropertyValues */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fBACnetPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            } else {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fWritePropertyMultipleRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    if (offset >= tvb_reported_length(tvb))
        return offset;

    col_set_writable(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, false); /* don't set all infos into INFO column */
    return fWriteAccessSpecification(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fPropertyReference(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, uint8_t tagoffset, uint8_t list)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    /* set the optional global properties to indicate not-used */
    propertyArrayIndex = -1;
    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) { /* closing Tag, but not for me */
            return offset;
        } else if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) { /* opening Tag, but not for me */
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no-tagoffset) {
        case 0: /* PropertyIdentifier */
            offset = fPropertyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 1: /* propertyArrayIndex */
            offset = fPropertyArrayIndex(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            if (list != 0)
                break; /* Continue decoding if this may be a list */
            /* FALLTHROUGH */
        default:
            lastoffset = offset; /* Set loop end condition */
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fBACnetPropertyReference(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, uint8_t list)
{
    col_set_writable(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, false); /* don't set all infos into INFO column */
    return fPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, 0, list);
}

static unsigned
fBACnetObjectPropertyReference(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;

        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* ObjectIdentifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* PropertyIdentifier and propertyArrayIndex */
            offset = fPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, 1, 0);
            col_set_writable(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, false); /* don't set all infos into INFO column */
            /* FALLTHROUGH */
        default:
            lastoffset = offset; /* Set loop end condition */
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

#if 0
static unsigned
fObjectPropertyValue(tvbuff_t *tvb, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree* subtree = tree;
    proto_item* tt;

    while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            continue;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* ObjectIdentifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* PropertyIdentifier */
            offset = fPropertyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            break;
        case 2: /* propertyArrayIndex */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "property Array Index: ");
            break;
        case 3:  /* Value */
            offset = fPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, tag_info);
            break;
        case 4:  /* Priority */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Priority: ");
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
    return offset;
}
#endif

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fPriorityArray(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    char  i = 1, *str_ar;
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no;
    uint8_t tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    if (propertyArrayIndex > 0) {
        /* BACnetARRAY index 0 refers to the length
        of the array, not the elements of the array.
        BACnetARRAY index -1 is our internal flag that
        the optional index was not used.
        BACnetARRAY refers to this as all elements of the array.
        If the optional index is specified for a BACnetARRAY,
        then that specific array element is referenced. */
        i = propertyArrayIndex;
    }
    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        str_ar = wmem_strdup_printf(pinfo->pool, "%s[%d]: ",
            val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, 87 , 512,
                BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
                ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt,
                Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt),
            i++);
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if ( ! tag_is_context_specific(tag_info)) {
            /* DMR Should be fAbstractNSyntax, but that's where we came from! */
            offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, str_ar);
        } else {
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info) && tag_no == 0) {
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            } else if (tag_is_opening(tag_info) && tag_no == 1) {
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset = fDate(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Date: ");
                offset = fTime(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Time: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            } else if (tag_is_opening(tag_info) && tag_no == 2) {
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset = fXyColor(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "xy-color: ");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            } else {
                /* DMR Should be fAbstractNSyntax, but that's where we came from! */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, str_ar);
            }
        }
        /* there are only 16 priority array elements */
        if (i > 16) {
            break;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fDeviceObjectReference(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* quit loop if we spot an un-matched closing tag */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* deviceIdentifier - OPTIONAL */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_device_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* ObjectIdentifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fSpecialEvent(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* quit loop if we spot an un-matched closing tag */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* calendarEntry */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fCalendarEntry(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            }
            break;
        case 1: /* calendarReference */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 2: /* list of BACnetTimeValue */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fTimeValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            } else {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        case 3: /* eventPriority */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "event priority: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fNetworkSecurityPolicy(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "network security policy");

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* port-id */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "port-id: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* security-level */
            offset  = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                "security-level: ", BACnetSecurityPolicy);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fKeyIdentifier(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* algorithm */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "algorithm: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* key-id */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "key-id: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fSecurityKeySet(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree;

    subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "security keyset");

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0 && offset > lastoffset) {
        lastoffset = offset;
        /* check the tag.  A closing tag means we are done */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            return offset;
        }
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* key-revision */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "key-revision: ");
            break;
        case 1: /* activation-time */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "activation-time: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* expiration-time */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "expiration-time: ");
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 3: /* key-ids */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset = fKeyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            } else {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fSelectionCriteria(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* quit loop if we spot a closing tag */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* propertyIdentifier */
            offset  = fPropertyIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 1: /* propertyArrayIndex */
            offset  = fPropertyArrayIndex(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 2: /* relationSpecifier */
            offset  = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                "relation Specifier: ", BACnetRelationSpecifier);
            break;
        case 3: /* comparisonValue */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fObjectSelectionCriteria(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* quit loop if we spot a closing tag */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* selectionLogic */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                "selection Logic: ", BACnetSelectionLogic);
            break;
        case 1: /* listOfSelectionCriteria */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fSelectionCriteria(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            } else {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}


static unsigned
fReadPropertyConditionalRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info* pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader (tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

        if (tag_is_opening(tag_info) && tag_no < 2) {
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            switch (tag_no) {
            case 0: /* objectSelectionCriteria */
                offset = fObjectSelectionCriteria(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                break;
            case 1: /* listOfPropertyReferences */
                offset = fBACnetPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, 1);
                break;
            default:
                return offset;
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fReadAccessSpecification(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* objectIdentifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* listOfPropertyReferences */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "listOfPropertyReferences");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fBACnetPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, 1);
            } else if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                subtree = tree;
            } else {
                /* error condition: let caller handle */
                return offset;
            }
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
fReadAccessResult(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0, len;
    uint8_t     tag_no;
    uint8_t     tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* maybe a listOfReadAccessResults if we spot a closing tag here */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            offset += len;
            if ((tag_no == 4 || tag_no == 5) && (subtree != tree))
                subtree = subtree->parent; /* Value and error have extra subtree */

        if (tag_no == 1) {
            /* closing list of results for this objectSpecifier */
            fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset - len, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            /* look if another objectSpecifier follows here */
            if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) <= 0)
                return offset; /* nothing more to decode left */

            fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            if (tag_no != 0 || tag_info != 12)
                return offset; /* no objectSpecifier */
            }

            continue;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* objectSpecifier */
            offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
            break;
        case 1: /* list of Results */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "listOfResults");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            } else {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        case 2: /* propertyIdentifier */
            offset = fPropertyIdentifierValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, 2);
            break;
        case 5: /* propertyAccessError */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "propertyAccessError");
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                /* Error Code follows */
                offset  = fError(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            }
            else {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
            }
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}


static unsigned
fReadPropertyConditionalAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    /* listOfReadAccessResults */
    return fReadAccessResult(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}


static unsigned
fCreateObjectRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

        if (tag_no < 2) {
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            switch (tag_no) {
            case 0: /* objectSpecifier */
                switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) { /* choice of objectType or objectIdentifier */
                case 0: /* objectType */
                    offset = fEnumeratedTagSplit(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Object Type: ", BACnetObjectType, 128);
                    break;
                case 1: /* objectIdentifier */
                    offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
                }
                break;
            case 1: /* propertyValue */
                if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                    offset = fBACnetPropertyValue(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
                } else {
                    expert_add_info(pinfo, subtree, &ei_bacapp_bad_tag);
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;    /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fCreateObjectAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    return fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);
}

static unsigned
fReadRangeRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    offset = fBACnetObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);

    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        /* optional range choice */
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
            subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL,
                val_to_str_const(tag_no, BACnetReadRangeOptions, "unknown range option"));
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            switch (tag_no) {
            case 3: /* range byPosition */
            case 6: /* range bySequenceNumber, 2004 spec */
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "reference Index: ");
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "reference Count: ");
                break;
            case 4: /* range byTime - deprecated in 2004 */
            case 7: /* 2004 spec */
                offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "reference Date/Time: ");
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "reference Count: ");
                break;
            case 5: /* range timeRange - deprecated in 2004 */
                offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "beginning Time: ");
                offset = fDateTime(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "ending Time: ");
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        }
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fReadRangeAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    /* set the optional global properties to indicate not-used */
    propertyArrayIndex = -1;
    /* objectIdentifier, propertyIdentifier, and
       OPTIONAL propertyArrayIndex */
    offset = fBACnetObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
    /* resultFlags => BACnetResultFlags ::= BIT STRING */
    offset = fBitStringTagVS(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
        "resultFlags: ",
        BACnetResultFlags);
    /* itemCount */
    offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "item Count: ");
    /* itemData */
    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
        col_set_writable(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, false); /* don't set all infos into INFO column */
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "itemData");
        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        offset  = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    }
    /* firstSequenceNumber - OPTIONAL */
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "first Sequence Number: ");
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAccessMethod(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset = 0;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    proto_tree* subtree = NULL;

    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL,
            val_to_str_const(tag_no, BACnetFileAccessOption, "invalid access method"));
        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        offset  = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, val_to_str_const(tag_no, BACnetFileStartOption, "invalid option"));
        offset  = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, val_to_str_const(tag_no, BACnetFileWriteInfo, "unknown option"));

        if (tag_no == 1) {
            while ((tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0)&&(offset>lastoffset)) {
                /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
                lastoffset = offset;
                offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "Record Data: ");
            }
        }

        if ((bacapp_flags & BACAPP_MORE_SEGMENTS) == 0) {
            /* More Flag is not set, so we can look for closing tag in this segment */
            fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            }
        }
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAccessRule(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        /* quit loop if we spot a closing tag */
        if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
            break;
        }

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* time-range-specifier */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "time-range-specifier: ", NULL);
            break;
        case 1: /* time-range */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDeviceObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 2: /* location-specifier */
            offset = fEnumeratedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "location-specifier: ", NULL);
            break;
        case 3: /* location */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset = fDeviceObjectReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        case 4: /* enable */
            offset = fBooleanTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "enable: ");
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }

        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;    /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAtomicReadFileRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t    lvt;
    proto_tree *subtree = tree;

    offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier);

    fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

    if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1, ett_bacapp_value, NULL,
                        val_to_str_const(tag_no, BACnetFileAccessOption, "unknown access method"));
        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        offset  = fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, val_to_str_const(tag_no, BACnetFileStartOption, "unknown option"));
        offset  = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, val_to_str_const(tag_no, BacnetFileRequestedCount, "unknown option"));
        offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAtomicWriteFileRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{

    offset = fObjectIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, hf_bacapp_object_identifier); /* file Identifier */
    offset = fAccessMethod(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAtomicWriteFileAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned tag_no = fTagNo(tvb, offset);
    return fSignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, val_to_str_const(tag_no, BACnetFileStartOption, "unknown option"));
}

static unsigned
fAtomicReadFileAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "End Of File: ");
    offset = fAccessMethod(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fReadPropertyMultipleRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *subtree, unsigned offset)
{
    col_set_writable(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, false); /* don't set all infos into INFO column */
    return fReadAccessSpecification(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fReadPropertyMultipleAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    col_set_writable(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, false); /* don't set all infos into INFO column */
    return fReadAccessResult(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fConfirmedServiceRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, int service_choice)
{
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) <= 0)
        return offset;

    switch (service_choice) {
    case 0: /* acknowledgeAlarm */
        offset = fAcknowledgeAlarmRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 1: /* confirmedCOVNotification */
        offset = fConfirmedCOVNotificationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 2: /* confirmedEventNotification */
        offset = fConfirmedEventNotificationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 3: /* confirmedGetAlarmSummary conveys no parameters */
        break;
    case 4: /* getEnrollmentSummaryRequest */
        offset = fGetEnrollmentSummaryRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 5: /* subscribeCOVRequest */
        offset = fSubscribeCOVRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 6: /* atomicReadFile-Request */
        offset = fAtomicReadFileRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 7: /* atomicWriteFile-Request */
        offset = fAtomicWriteFileRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 8: /* AddListElement-Request */
        offset = fAddListElementRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 9: /* removeListElement-Request */
        offset = fRemoveListElementRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 10: /* createObjectRequest */
        offset = fCreateObjectRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 11: /* deleteObject */
        offset = fDeleteObjectRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 12:
        offset = fReadPropertyRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 13:
        offset = fReadPropertyConditionalRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 14:
        offset = fReadPropertyMultipleRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 15:
        offset = fWritePropertyRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 16:
        offset = fWritePropertyMultipleRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 17:
        offset = fDeviceCommunicationControlRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 18:
        offset = fConfirmedPrivateTransferRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 19:
        offset = fConfirmedTextMessageRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 20:
        offset = fReinitializeDeviceRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 21:
        offset = fVtOpenRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 22:
        offset = fVtCloseRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 23:
        offset = fVtDataRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 24:
        offset = fAuthenticateRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 25:
        offset = fRequestKeyRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 26:
        offset = fReadRangeRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 27:
        offset = fLifeSafetyOperationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, NULL);
        break;
    case 28:
        offset = fSubscribeCOVPropertyRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 29:
        offset = fGetEventInformationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 30:
        offset = fSubscribeCOVPropertyMultipleRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 31:
        offset = fConfirmedCOVNotificationMultipleRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 32:
        offset = fConfirmedAuditNotificationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 33:
        offset = fAuditLogQueryRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 34:
        offset = fAuthRequestRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    default:
        return offset;
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fConfirmedServiceAck(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, int service_choice)
{
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) <= 0)
        return offset;

    switch (service_choice) {
    case 3: /* confirmedEventNotificationAck */
        offset = fGetAlarmSummaryAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 4: /* getEnrollmentSummaryAck */
        offset = fGetEnrollmentSummaryAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 6: /* atomicReadFile */
        offset = fAtomicReadFileAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 7: /* atomicReadFileAck */
        offset = fAtomicWriteFileAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 10: /* createObject */
        offset = fCreateObjectAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 12:
        offset = fReadPropertyAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 13:
        offset = fReadPropertyConditionalAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 14:
        offset = fReadPropertyMultipleAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 18:
        offset = fConfirmedPrivateTransferAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 21:
        offset = fVtOpenAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 23:
        offset = fVtDataAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 24:
        offset = fAuthenticateAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 26:
        offset = fReadRangeAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 29:
        offset = fGetEventInformationACK(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 33:
        offset = fAuditLogQueryAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 34:
        offset = fAuthRequestAck(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    default:
        return offset;
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fIAmRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    /* BACnetObjectIdentifier */
    offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "BACnet Object Identifier: ");

    /* MaxAPDULengthAccepted */
    offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Maximum ADPU Length Accepted: ");

    /* segmentationSupported */
    offset = fApplicationTypesEnumerated(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
        "Segmentation Supported: ", BACnetSegmentation);

    /* vendor ID */
    return fVendorIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fIHaveRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    /* BACnetDeviceIdentifier */
    offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Device Identifier: ");

    /* BACnetObjectIdentifier */
    offset = fApplicationTypes(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "Object Identifier: ");

    /* ObjectName */
    return fObjectName(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fWhoIsRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info* pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    unsigned   val;
    uint8_t tag_len;

    uint8_t tag_no, tag_info;
    uint32_t lvt;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;

        tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);

        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0:
            /* DeviceInstanceRangeLowLimit Optional */
            if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &val))
                col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%d ", val);
            offset = fDevice_Instance(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                hf_Device_Instance_Range_Low_Limit);
            break;
        case 1:
            /* DeviceInstanceRangeHighLimit Optional but
                required if DeviceInstanceRangeLowLimit is there */
            if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &val))
                col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%d ", val);
            offset = fDevice_Instance(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset,
                hf_Device_Instance_Range_High_Limit);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fUnconfirmedServiceRequest(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, int service_choice)
{
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) <= 0)
        return offset;

    switch (service_choice) {
    case 0: /* I-Am-Request */
        offset = fIAmRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 1: /* i-Have Request */
        offset = fIHaveRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
    break;
    case 2: /* unconfirmedCOVNotification */
        offset = fUnconfirmedCOVNotificationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 3: /* unconfirmedEventNotification */
        offset = fUnconfirmedEventNotificationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 4: /* unconfirmedPrivateTransfer */
        offset = fUnconfirmedPrivateTransferRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 5: /* unconfirmedTextMessage */
        offset = fUnconfirmedTextMessageRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 6: /* timeSynchronization */
        offset = fTimeSynchronizationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 7: /* who-Has */
        offset = fWhoHas(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 8: /* who-Is */
        offset = fWhoIsRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 9: /* utcTimeSynchronization */
        offset = fUTCTimeSynchronizationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 10:
        offset = fWriteGroupRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 11:
        offset = fUnconfirmedCOVNotificationMultipleRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 12:
        offset = fUnconfirmedAuditNotificationRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 13:
        offset = fWhoAmIRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 14:
        offset = fYouAreRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fStartConfirmed(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *bacapp_tree, unsigned offset, uint8_t ack,
        int *svc, proto_item **tt)
{
    proto_item *tc;
    proto_tree *bacapp_tree_control;
    int         tmp;
    unsigned    extra = 2;

    bacapp_seq = 0;
    tmp = tvb_get_int8(tvb, offset);
    bacapp_flags = tmp & 0x0f;

    if (ack == 0) {
        extra = 3;
    }
    *svc = tvb_get_int8(tvb, offset+extra);
    if (bacapp_flags & 0x08)
        *svc = tvb_get_int8(tvb, offset+extra+2);

    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_type, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    tc = proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_pduflags, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    bacapp_tree_control = proto_item_add_subtree(tc, ett_bacapp_control);

    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_SEG, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_MOR, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    if (ack == 0) { /* The following are for ConfirmedRequest, not Complex ack */
        proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_SA, tvb, offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_response_segments, tvb,
                            offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_max_adpu_size, tvb,
                            offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    }
    offset++;
    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_invoke_id, tvb, offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    if (bacapp_flags & 0x08) {
        bacapp_seq = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_sequence_number, tvb,
            offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_window_size, tvb,
            offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    }
    *tt = proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_service, tvb,
                  offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fContinueConfirmedRequestPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *bacapp_tree, unsigned offset, int svc)
{   /* BACnet-Confirmed-Request */
    /* ASHRAE 135-2001 20.1.2 */

    return fConfirmedServiceRequest(tvb, pinfo, bacapp_tree, offset, svc);
}

static unsigned
fConfirmedRequestPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *bacapp_tree, unsigned offset)
{   /* BACnet-Confirmed-Request */
    /* ASHRAE 135-2001 20.1.2 */
    int         svc;
    proto_item *tt = 0;

    offset = fStartConfirmed(tvb, pinfo, bacapp_tree, offset, 0, &svc, &tt);
    return fContinueConfirmedRequestPDU(tvb, pinfo, bacapp_tree, offset, svc);
}

static unsigned
fUnconfirmedRequestPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *bacapp_tree, unsigned offset)
{   /* BACnet-Unconfirmed-Request-PDU */
    /* ASHRAE 135-2001 20.1.3 */

    int tmp;

    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_type, tvb, offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);

    tmp = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_uservice, tvb,
        offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    /* Service Request follows... Variable Encoding 20.2ff */
    return fUnconfirmedServiceRequest(tvb, pinfo, bacapp_tree, offset, tmp);
}

static unsigned
fSimpleAckPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *bacapp_tree, unsigned offset)
{   /* BACnet-Simple-Ack-PDU */
    /* ASHRAE 135-2001 20.1.4 */

    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_type, tvb, offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);

    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_invoke_id, tvb,
                offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_service, tvb,
                offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fContinueComplexAckPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *bacapp_tree, unsigned offset, int svc)
{   /* BACnet-Complex-Ack-PDU */
    /* ASHRAE 135-2001 20.1.5 */

    /* Service ACK follows... */
    return fConfirmedServiceAck(tvb, pinfo, bacapp_tree, offset, svc);
}

static unsigned
fComplexAckPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *bacapp_tree, unsigned offset)
{   /* BACnet-Complex-Ack-PDU */
    /* ASHRAE 135-2001 20.1.5 */
    int         svc;
    proto_item *tt = 0;

    offset = fStartConfirmed(tvb, pinfo, bacapp_tree, offset, 1, &svc, &tt);
    return fContinueComplexAckPDU(tvb, pinfo, bacapp_tree, offset, svc);
}

static unsigned
fSegmentAckPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *bacapp_tree, unsigned offset)
{   /* BACnet-SegmentAck-PDU */
    /* ASHRAE 135-2001 20.1.6 */

    proto_item *tc;
    proto_tree *bacapp_tree_control;

    tc = proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_type, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    bacapp_tree_control = proto_item_add_subtree(tc, ett_bacapp);

    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_NAK, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_SRV, tvb, offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_invoke_id, tvb,
                offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_sequence_number, tvb,
                offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_window_size, tvb,
                offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fContextTaggedError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_info   = 0;
    uint8_t parsed_tag = 0;
    uint32_t lvt        = 0;

    offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &parsed_tag, &tag_info, &lvt);
    offset  = fError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
    return offset + fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &parsed_tag, &tag_info, &lvt);
}

static unsigned
fConfirmedPrivateTransferError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned    lastoffset        = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_no            = 0, tag_info = 0;
    uint32_t    lvt               = 0;
    proto_tree *subtree           = tree;

    unsigned    vendor_identifier = 0;
    unsigned    service_number    = 0;
    uint8_t     tag_len           = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
        /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        switch (tag_no) {
        case 0: /* errorType */
            offset = fContextTaggedError(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            break;
        case 1: /* vendorID */
            fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &vendor_identifier);
            col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "V=%u ",    vendor_identifier);
            offset = fVendorIdentifier(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            break;
        case 2: /* serviceNumber */
            fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &service_number);
            col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "SN=%u ",   service_number);
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, "service Number: ");
            break;
        case 3: /* errorParameters */
            if (tag_is_opening(tag_info)) {
                subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree(subtree, tvb, offset, 1,
                    ett_bacapp_value, NULL, "error Parameters");
                propertyIdentifier = -1;
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                offset  = fAbstractSyntaxNType(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset);
            } else if (tag_is_closing(tag_info)) {
                offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset,
                    &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
                subtree = tree;
            } else {
                /* error condition: let caller handle */
                return offset;
            }
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fCreateObjectError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned lastoffset = 0;

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* errorType */
            offset = fContextTaggedError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 1: /* firstFailedElementNumber */
            offset = fUnsignedTag(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, "first failed element number: ");
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fChangeListError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    /* Identical to CreateObjectError */
    return fCreateObjectError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fVTCloseError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint8_t tag_no = 0, tag_info = 0;
    uint32_t lvt = 0;

    if (fTagNo(tvb, offset) == 0) {
        /* errorType */
        offset = fContextTaggedError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        if (fTagNo(tvb, offset) == 1) {
            /* listOfVTSessionIdentifiers [OPTIONAL] */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fVtCloseRequest(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
        }
    }
    /* should report bad packet if initial tag wasn't 0 */
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fWritePropertyMultipleError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    unsigned   lastoffset = 0;
    uint8_t tag_no     = 0, tag_info = 0;
    uint32_t lvt        = 0;

    col_set_writable(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, false); /* don't set all infos into INFO column */
    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {  /* exit loop if nothing happens inside */
        lastoffset = offset;
        switch (fTagNo(tvb, offset)) {
        case 0: /* errorType */
            offset = fContextTaggedError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            break;
        case 1: /* firstFailedWriteAttempt */
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            offset  = fBACnetObjectPropertyReference(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
            offset += fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
            break;
        default:
            return offset;
        }
        if (offset <= lastoffset) break;     /* nothing happened, exit loop */
    }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fErrorClass(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint32_t    val = 0, lvt;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    unsigned    tag_len;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &val))
    {
        ti = proto_tree_add_uint(tree, hf_bacapp_error_class,
            tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, val);
        subtree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ett_bacapp_tag);
    }
    else
    {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "Error Class - %u octets (Signed)", lvt);
    }
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    offset += tag_len + lvt;

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fErrorCode(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    uint32_t    val = 0, lvt;
    uint8_t     tag_no, tag_info;
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *subtree;
    unsigned    tag_len;

    tag_len = fTagHeader(tvb, pinfo, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    if (fUnsigned32(tvb, offset+tag_len, lvt, &val))
    {
        ti = proto_tree_add_uint(tree, hf_bacapp_error_code,
            tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len, val);
        subtree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ett_bacapp_tag);
    }
    else
    {
        subtree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, lvt+tag_len,
            ett_bacapp_tag, NULL, "Error Code - %u octets (Signed)", lvt);
    }
    fTagHeaderTree(tvb, pinfo, subtree, offset, &tag_no, &tag_info, &lvt);
    offset += tag_len + lvt;

    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset)
{
    offset = fErrorClass(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);

    return fErrorCode(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
}

static unsigned
fBACnetError(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, unsigned offset, unsigned service)
{
    switch (service) {
    case 8:
        offset = fChangeListError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 9:
        offset = fChangeListError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 10:
        offset = fCreateObjectError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 16:
        offset = fWritePropertyMultipleError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 18:
        offset = fConfirmedPrivateTransferError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 22:
        offset = fVTCloseError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 30:
        offset = fSubscribeCOVPropertyMultipleError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case 34:
        offset = fAuthRequestError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    default:
        offset = fError(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
  }
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fErrorPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *bacapp_tree, unsigned offset)
{   /* BACnet-Error-PDU */
    /* ASHRAE 135-2001 20.1.7 */

    proto_item *tc;
    proto_tree *bacapp_tree_control;
    uint8_t     tmp;

    tc = proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_type, tvb, offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    bacapp_tree_control = proto_item_add_subtree(tc, ett_bacapp);

    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_invoke_id, tvb,
                offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    tmp = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_service, tvb,
                 offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    /* Error Handling follows... */
    return fBACnetError(tvb, pinfo, bacapp_tree, offset, tmp);
}

static unsigned
fRejectPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *bacapp_tree, unsigned offset)
{   /* BACnet-Reject-PDU */
    /* ASHRAE 135-2001 20.1.8 */

    proto_item *tc;
    proto_tree *bacapp_tree_control;

    tc = proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_type, tvb, offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    bacapp_tree_control = proto_item_add_subtree(tc, ett_bacapp);

    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_invoke_id, tvb,
                offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_BACnetRejectReason, tvb,
                offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
fAbortPDU(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *bacapp_tree, unsigned offset)
{   /* BACnet-Abort-PDU */
    /* ASHRAE 135-2001 20.1.9 */

    proto_item *tc;
    proto_tree *bacapp_tree_control;

    tc = proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree, hf_bacapp_type, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    bacapp_tree_control = proto_item_add_subtree(tc, ett_bacapp);

    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_SRV, tvb, offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_bacapp_invoke_id, tvb,
                offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(bacapp_tree_control, hf_BACnetAbortReason, tvb,
                offset++, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    return offset;
}

static unsigned
do_the_dissection(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    uint8_t flag, bacapp_type;
    unsigned  offset = 0;

    flag = tvb_get_int8(tvb, 0);
    bacapp_type = (flag >> 4) & 0x0f;

    if (tvb == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    /* ASHRAE 135-2001 20.1.1 */
    switch (bacapp_type) {
    case BACAPP_TYPE_CONFIRMED_SERVICE_REQUEST: /* BACnet-Confirmed-Service-Request */
        offset = fConfirmedRequestPDU(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_UNCONFIRMED_SERVICE_REQUEST:   /* BACnet-Unconfirmed-Request-PDU */
        offset = fUnconfirmedRequestPDU(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_SIMPLE_ACK:    /* BACnet-Simple-Ack-PDU */
        offset = fSimpleAckPDU(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_COMPLEX_ACK:   /* BACnet-Complex-Ack-PDU */
        offset = fComplexAckPDU(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_SEGMENT_ACK:   /* BACnet-SegmentAck-PDU */
        offset = fSegmentAckPDU(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_ERROR: /* BACnet-Error-PDU */
        offset = fErrorPDU(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_REJECT:    /* BACnet-Reject-PDU */
        offset = fRejectPDU(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_ABORT: /* BACnet-Abort-PDU */
        offset = fAbortPDU(tvb, pinfo, tree, offset);
        break;
    }
    return offset;
}

static int
dissect_bacapp(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, void* data _U_)
{
    uint8_t     flag, bacapp_type;
    unsigned    save_fragmented  = false, data_offset = 0, /*bacapp_apdu_size,*/ fragment = false;
    tvbuff_t   *new_tvb          = NULL;
    unsigned    offset           = 0;
    uint8_t     bacapp_seqno     = 0;
    uint8_t     bacapp_service, bacapp_reason/*, bacapp_prop_win_size*/;
    uint8_t     bacapp_invoke_id = 0;
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *bacapp_tree      = NULL;

    int         svc = 0;
    proto_item *tt  = 0;
    int8_t      ack = 0;

    /* Strings for BACnet Statistics */
    static const char errstr[]       = "ERROR: ";
    static const char rejstr[]       = "REJECTED: ";
    static const char abortstr[]     = "ABORTED: ";
    static const char sackstr[]      = " (SimpleAck)";
    static const char cackstr[]      = " (ComplexAck)";
    static const char uconfsreqstr[] = " (Unconfirmed Service Request)";
    static const char confsreqstr[]  = " (Confirmed Service Request)";

    col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL, "BACnet-APDU");
    col_clear(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO);

    flag = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, 0);
    bacapp_type = (flag >> 4) & 0x0f;

    /* show some descriptive text in the INFO column */
    col_add_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%-16s",
        val_to_str_const(bacapp_type, BACnetTypeName, "# unknown APDU #"));

    bacinfo.service_type = NULL;
    bacinfo.invoke_id = NULL;
    bacinfo.instance_ident = NULL;
    bacinfo.object_ident = NULL;

    switch (bacapp_type) {
    case BACAPP_TYPE_CONFIRMED_SERVICE_REQUEST:
        /* segmented messages have 2 additional bytes */
        if (flag & BACAPP_SEGMENTED_REQUEST) {
            fragment = true;
            ack = 0;
            /* bacapp_apdu_size = fGetMaxAPDUSize(tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 1)); */ /* has 16 values, reserved are 50 Bytes */
            bacapp_invoke_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 2);
            bacapp_seqno = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 3);
            /* bacapp_prop_win_size = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 4); */
            bacapp_service = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 5);
            data_offset = 6;
        } else {
            bacapp_invoke_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 2);
            bacapp_service = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 3);
        }
        col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%s[%3u] ",
                        val_to_str_const(bacapp_service,
                                         BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice,
                                         bacapp_unknown_service_str),
                        bacapp_invoke_id);

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_INVOKEID,
                              wmem_strdup_printf(pinfo->pool, "Invoke ID: %d", bacapp_invoke_id));

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_SERVICE,
                              wmem_strconcat(pinfo->pool,
                                             val_to_str_const(bacapp_service,
                                                              BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice,
                                                              bacapp_unknown_service_str),
                                             confsreqstr, NULL));
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_UNCONFIRMED_SERVICE_REQUEST:
        bacapp_service = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 1);
        col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%s ",
                        val_to_str_const(bacapp_service,
                                         BACnetUnconfirmedServiceChoice,
                                         bacapp_unknown_service_str));

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_SERVICE,
                              wmem_strconcat(pinfo->pool,
                                             val_to_str_const(bacapp_service,
                                                              BACnetUnconfirmedServiceChoice,
                                                              bacapp_unknown_service_str),
                                             uconfsreqstr, NULL));
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_SIMPLE_ACK:
        bacapp_invoke_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 1);
        bacapp_service = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 2);
        col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%s[%3u] ", /* "original-invokeID" replaced */
                        val_to_str_const(bacapp_service,
                                         BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice,
                                         bacapp_unknown_service_str),
                        bacapp_invoke_id);

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_INVOKEID,
                              wmem_strdup_printf(pinfo->pool,
                                                 "Invoke ID: %d", bacapp_invoke_id));

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_SERVICE,
                              wmem_strconcat(pinfo->pool,
                                             val_to_str_const(bacapp_service,
                                                              BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice,
                                                              bacapp_unknown_service_str),
                                             sackstr, NULL));
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_COMPLEX_ACK:
        /* segmented messages have 2 additional bytes */
        if (flag & BACAPP_SEGMENTED_REQUEST) {
            fragment = true;
            ack = 1;
            /* bacapp_apdu_size = fGetMaxAPDUSize(0); */ /* has minimum of 50 Bytes */
            bacapp_invoke_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 1);
            bacapp_seqno = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 2);
            /* bacapp_prop_win_size = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 3); */
            bacapp_service = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 4);
            data_offset = 5;
        } else {
            bacapp_invoke_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 1);
            bacapp_service = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 2);
        }
        col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%s[%3u] ", /* "original-invokeID" replaced */
                        val_to_str_const(bacapp_service,
                                         BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice,
                                         bacapp_unknown_service_str),
                        bacapp_invoke_id);

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_INVOKEID,
                              wmem_strdup_printf(pinfo->pool, "Invoke ID: %d", bacapp_invoke_id));

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_SERVICE,
                              wmem_strconcat(pinfo->pool,
                                             val_to_str_const(bacapp_service,
                                                              BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice,
                                                              bacapp_unknown_service_str),
                                             cackstr, NULL));
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_SEGMENT_ACK:
        /* nothing more to add */
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_ERROR:
        bacapp_invoke_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 1);
        bacapp_service = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 2);
        col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%s[%3u] ", /* "original-invokeID" replaced */
                        val_to_str_const(bacapp_service,
                                         BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice,
                                         bacapp_unknown_service_str),
                        bacapp_invoke_id);

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_INVOKEID,
                              wmem_strdup_printf(pinfo->pool, "Invoke ID: %d", bacapp_invoke_id));

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_SERVICE,
                              wmem_strconcat(pinfo->pool,
                                             errstr,
                                             val_to_str_const(bacapp_service,
                                                              BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice,
                                                              bacapp_unknown_service_str),
                                             NULL));
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_REJECT:
        bacapp_invoke_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 1);
        bacapp_reason = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 2);
        col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%s[%3u] ", /* "original-invokeID" replaced */
                        val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, bacapp_reason,
                                         64,
                                         BACnetRejectReason,
                                         ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt,
                                         Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt), bacapp_invoke_id);

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_INVOKEID,
                              wmem_strdup_printf(pinfo->pool, "Invoke ID: %d", bacapp_invoke_id));

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_SERVICE,
                              wmem_strconcat(pinfo->pool, rejstr,
                                             val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, bacapp_reason, 64,
                                                              BACnetRejectReason,
                                                              ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt,
                                                              Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt),
                                             NULL));
        break;
    case BACAPP_TYPE_ABORT:
        bacapp_invoke_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 1);
        bacapp_reason = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset + 2);
        col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%s[%3u] ", /* "original-invokeID" replaced */
                        val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, bacapp_reason,
                                         64,
                                         BACnetAbortReason,
                                         ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt,
                                         Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt), bacapp_invoke_id);

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_INVOKEID,
                              wmem_strdup_printf(pinfo->pool, "Invoke ID: %d", bacapp_invoke_id));

        updateBacnetInfoValue(BACINFO_SERVICE,
                              wmem_strconcat(pinfo->pool, abortstr,
                                             val_to_split_str(pinfo->pool, bacapp_reason,
                                                              64,
                                                              BACnetAbortReason,
                                                              ASHRAE_Reserved_Fmt,
                                                              Vendor_Proprietary_Fmt),
                                             NULL));
        break;
        /* UNKNOWN */
    default:
        /* nothing more to add */
        break;
    }

    save_fragmented = pinfo->fragmented;

    ti = proto_tree_add_item(tree, proto_bacapp, tvb, offset, -1, ENC_NA);
    bacapp_tree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ett_bacapp);

    if (!fragment)
        do_the_dissection(tvb, pinfo, bacapp_tree);
    else
        fStartConfirmed(tvb, pinfo, bacapp_tree, offset, ack, &svc, &tt);
            /* not resetting the offset so the remaining can be done */

    if (fragment) { /* fragmented */
        fragment_head *frag_msg;
        uint32_t ext_seqno = bacapp_seqno;

        pinfo->fragmented = true;

        if (!PINFO_FD_VISITED(pinfo)) {
            frag_msg = fragment_get(&msg_reassembly_table, pinfo, bacapp_invoke_id, NULL);
            if (frag_msg && frag_msg->first_gap) {
                /* If we have permanently lost segments then using the last
                 * contiguous sequence number isn't quite right - but we
                 * won't be able to defragment in that case anyway.
                 */
                uint32_t prev_seqno = frag_msg->first_gap->offset;
                ext_seqno = calculate_extended_seqno(prev_seqno, bacapp_seqno);

                if (ext_seqno != bacapp_seqno) {
                    p_add_proto_data(wmem_file_scope(), pinfo, proto_bacapp, bacapp_seqno, GUINT_TO_POINTER(ext_seqno));
                }
            }
        } else {
            /* This is not really necessary (because the fragment number is not
             * used by fragment_add_seq_check on the second pass) but makes the
             * fragment number in the Info column be the extended one.
             */
            ext_seqno = GPOINTER_TO_UINT(p_get_proto_data(wmem_file_scope(), pinfo, proto_bacapp, bacapp_seqno));
            if (ext_seqno == 0) {
                ext_seqno = bacapp_seqno;
            }
        }
        frag_msg = fragment_add_seq_check(&msg_reassembly_table,
            tvb, data_offset,
            pinfo,
            bacapp_invoke_id,      /* ID for fragments belonging together */
            NULL,
            ext_seqno,             /* fragment sequence number */
            tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, data_offset), /* fragment length - to the end */
            flag & BACAPP_MORE_SEGMENTS); /* Last fragment reached? */
        new_tvb = process_reassembled_data(tvb, data_offset, pinfo,
                "Reassembled BACapp", frag_msg, &msg_frag_items,
                NULL, tree);

        if (new_tvb) { /* Reassembled */
            col_append_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO,
                           " (Message Reassembled)");
        } else { /* Not last packet of reassembled Short Message */
            col_append_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO,
                            " (Message fragment %u)", ext_seqno);
        }
        if (new_tvb) { /* take it all */
            switch (bacapp_type) {
            case BACAPP_TYPE_CONFIRMED_SERVICE_REQUEST:
                fContinueConfirmedRequestPDU(new_tvb, pinfo, bacapp_tree, 0, svc);
                break;
            case BACAPP_TYPE_COMPLEX_ACK:
                fContinueComplexAckPDU(new_tvb, pinfo, bacapp_tree, 0, svc);
                break;
            default:
                /* do nothing */
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    pinfo->fragmented = save_fragmented;

    /* tapping */
    tap_queue_packet(bacapp_tap, pinfo, &bacinfo);
    return tvb_captured_length(tvb);
}

void
proto_register_bacapp(void)
{
    static hf_register_info hf[] = {
        { &hf_bacapp_type,
          { "APDU Type",           "bacapp.type",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetTypeName), 0xf0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_pduflags,
          { "PDU Flags",          "bacapp.pduflags",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x0f, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_SEG,
          { "Segmented Request",           "bacapp.segmented_request",
            FT_BOOLEAN, 8, TFS(&segments_follow), 0x08, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_MOR,
          { "More Segments",           "bacapp.more_segments",
            FT_BOOLEAN, 8, TFS(&more_follow), 0x04, "More Segments Follow", HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_SA,
          { "SA",           "bacapp.SA",
            FT_BOOLEAN, 8, TFS(&segmented_accept), 0x02, "Segmented Response accepted", HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_max_adpu_size,
          { "Size of Maximum ADPU accepted",           "bacapp.max_adpu_size",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetMaxAPDULengthAccepted), 0x0f, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_response_segments,
          { "Max Response Segments accepted",           "bacapp.response_segments",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetMaxSegmentsAccepted), 0x70, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_object_identifier,
          { "Object Identifier",           "bacapp.objectIdentifier",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_CUSTOM, CF_FUNC(format_object_identifier), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_device_identifier,
          { "Device Identifier",           "bacapp.deviceIdentifier",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_CUSTOM, CF_FUNC(format_object_identifier), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_objectType,
          { "Object Type",           "bacapp.objectType",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC|BASE_EXT_STRING, &BACnetObjectType_ext, 0xffc00000, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_object_name,
          { "Object Name",           "bacapp.object_name",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_instanceNumber,
          { "Instance Number",           "bacapp.instance_number",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x003fffff, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_BACnetPropertyIdentifier,
          { "Property Identifier", "bacapp.property_identifier",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetPropertyIdentifier), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_BACnetVendorIdentifier,
          { "Vendor Identifier", "bacapp.vendor_identifier",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC|BASE_EXT_STRING, &BACnetVendorIdentifiers_ext, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_BACnetRestartReason,
          { "Restart Reason", "bacapp.restart_reason",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetRestartReason), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_invoke_id,
          { "Invoke ID",           "bacapp.invoke_id",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_sequence_number,
          { "Sequence Number",           "bacapp.sequence_number",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_window_size,
          { "Proposed Window Size",           "bacapp.window_size",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_service,
          { "Service Choice",           "bacapp.confirmed_service",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetConfirmedServiceChoice), 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_uservice,
          { "Unconfirmed Service Choice",           "bacapp.unconfirmed_service",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetUnconfirmedServiceChoice), 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_NAK,
          { "NAK",           "bacapp.NAK",
            FT_BOOLEAN, 8, NULL, 0x02, "negative ACK", HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_SRV,
          { "SRV",           "bacapp.SRV",
            FT_BOOLEAN, 8, NULL, 0x01, "Server", HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_event_type,
          { "Event Type", "bacapp.event_type",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetEventType), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_notify_type,
          { "Notify Type", "bacapp.notify_type",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetNotifyType), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_error_class,
          { "Error Class", "bacapp.error_class",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetErrorClass), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_error_code,
          { "Error Code", "bacapp.error_code",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC|BASE_EXT_STRING, &BACnetErrorCode_ext, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_present_value_null,
          { "Present Value (null)", "bacapp.present_value.null",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_present_value_bool,
          { "Present Value (bool)", "bacapp.present_value.boolean",
            FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_present_value_unsigned,
          { "Present Value (uint)", "bacapp.present_value.uint",
            FT_UINT64, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_present_value_signed,
          { "Present Value (int)", "bacapp.present_value.int",
            FT_INT64, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_present_value_real,
          { "Present Value (real)", "bacapp.present_value.real",
            FT_DOUBLE, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_present_value_double,
          { "Present Value (double)", "bacapp.present_value.double",
            FT_DOUBLE, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_present_value_octet_string,
          { "Present Value (octet string)", "bacapp.present_value.octet_string",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_present_value_char_string,
          { "Present Value (char string)", "bacapp.present_value.char_string",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_present_value_bit_string,
          { "Present Value (bit string)", "bacapp.present_value.bit_string",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_present_value_enum_index,
          { "Present Value (enum index)", "bacapp.present_value.enum_index",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_Device_Instance_Range_Low_Limit,
          { "Device Instance Range Low Limit", "bacapp.who_is.low_limit",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_Device_Instance_Range_High_Limit,
          { "Device Instance Range High Limit", "bacapp.who_is.high_limit",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_BACnetRejectReason,
          { "Reject Reason",           "bacapp.reject_reason",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetRejectReason), 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_BACnetAbortReason,
          { "Abort Reason",           "bacapp.abort_reason",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetAbortReason), 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_BACnetApplicationTagNumber,
          { "Application Tag Number",
            "bacapp.application_tag_number",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetApplicationTagNumber), 0xF0,
            NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_BACnetContextTagNumber,
          { "Context Tag Number",
            "bacapp.context_tag_number",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0xF0,
            NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_BACnetExtendedTagNumber,
          { "Extended Tag Number",
            "bacapp.extended_tag_number",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0,
            NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_BACnetNamedTag,
          { "Named Tag",
            "bacapp.named_tag",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetTagNames), 0x07,
            NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_BACnetCharacterSet,
          { "String Character Set",
            "bacapp.string_character_set",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetCharacterSet), 0,
            NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_BACnetCodePage,
          { "Code Page",
            "bacapp.code_page",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0,
            NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_BACnetTagClass,
          { "Tag Class",           "bacapp.tag_class",
            FT_BOOLEAN, 8, TFS(&BACnetTagClass), 0x08, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_tag_lvt,
          { "Length Value Type",
            "bacapp.LVT",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0,
            NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_tag_ProcessId,
          { "ProcessIdentifier",           "bacapp.processId",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, "Process Identifier", HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_tag_to_state,
          { "To State", "bacapp.to_state",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetEventState), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_tag_from_state,
          { "From State", "bacapp.from_state",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, VALS(BACnetEventState), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_tag_IPV4,
          { "IPV4",           "bacapp.IPV4",
            FT_IPv4, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, "IP-Address", HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_tag_IPV6,
          { "IPV6",           "bacapp.IPV6",
            FT_IPv6, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, "IP-Address", HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_tag_PORT,
          { "Port",           "bacapp.Port",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_tag_mac_address_broadcast,
          { "MAC-address: broadcast",           "bacapp.mac_address_broadcast",
            FT_NONE, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_reserved_ashrea,
          { "reserved for ASHRAE",           "bacapp.reserved_ashrea",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_unused_bits,
          { "Unused bits",           "bacapp.unused_bits",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_bit,
          { "bit",           "bacapp.bit",
            FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_bacapp_complete_bitstring,
          { "Complete bitstring",           "bacapp.complete_bitstring",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        {&hf_msg_fragments,
          { "Message fragments", "bacapp.fragments",
            FT_NONE, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL } },
        {&hf_msg_fragment,
          { "Message fragment", "bacapp.fragment",
            FT_FRAMENUM, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL } },
        {&hf_msg_fragment_overlap,
          { "Message fragment overlap", "bacapp.fragment.overlap",
            FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL } },
        {&hf_msg_fragment_overlap_conflicts,
          { "Message fragment overlapping with conflicting data",
            "bacapp.fragment.overlap.conflicts",
            FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL } },
        {&hf_msg_fragment_multiple_tails,
          { "Message has multiple tail fragments",
            "bacapp.fragment.multiple_tails",
            FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL } },
        {&hf_msg_fragment_too_long_fragment,
          { "Message fragment too long", "bacapp.fragment.too_long_fragment",
            FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL } },
        {&hf_msg_fragment_error,
          { "Message defragmentation error", "bacapp.fragment.error",
            FT_FRAMENUM, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL } },
        {&hf_msg_fragment_count,
          { "Message fragment count", "bacapp.fragment.count",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL } },
        {&hf_msg_reassembled_in,
          { "Reassembled in", "bacapp.reassembled.in",
            FT_FRAMENUM, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL } },
        {&hf_msg_reassembled_length,
          { "Reassembled BACapp length", "bacapp.reassembled.length",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL } }
    };
    static int *ett[] = {
        &ett_bacapp,
        &ett_bacapp_control,
        &ett_bacapp_tag,
        &ett_bacapp_list,
        &ett_bacapp_value,
        &ett_bacapp_object_identifier,
        &ett_msg_fragment,
        &ett_msg_fragments

    };

    static ei_register_info ei[] = {
        { &ei_bacapp_bad_length, { "bacapp.bad_length", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR, "Wrong length indicated", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_bacapp_bad_tag, { "bacapp.bad_tag", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR, "Wrong tag found", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_bacapp_opening_tag, { "bacapp.bad_opening_tag", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR, "Expected Opening Tag!", EXPFILL }},
    };

    expert_module_t* expert_bacapp;

    proto_bacapp = proto_register_protocol("Building Automation and Control Network APDU",
                                           "BACapp", "bacapp");

    proto_register_field_array(proto_bacapp, hf, array_length(hf));
    proto_register_subtree_array(ett, array_length(ett));
    expert_bacapp = expert_register_protocol(proto_bacapp);
    expert_register_field_array(expert_bacapp, ei, array_length(ei));
    register_dissector("bacapp", dissect_bacapp, proto_bacapp);

    reassembly_table_register(&msg_reassembly_table,
                          &addresses_reassembly_table_functions);

    bacapp_dissector_table = register_dissector_table("bacapp.vendor_identifier",
                                                      "BACapp Vendor Identifier", proto_bacapp,
                                                      FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX);

    /* Register BACnet Statistic trees */
    register_bacapp_stat_trees();
    bacapp_tap = register_tap("bacapp"); /* BACnet statistics tap */
}

/*
 * Editor modelines  -  https://www.wireshark.org/tools/modelines.html
 *
 * Local variables:
 * c-basic-offset: 4
 * tab-width: 8
 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
 * End:
 *
 * vi: set shiftwidth=4 tabstop=8 expandtab:
 * :indentSize=4:tabSize=8:noTabs=true:
 */

Coverage Report

Created: 2026-07-12 07:10