Fuzz introspector
For issues and ideas: https://github.com/ossf/fuzz-introspector/issues
Project coverage

Table of contents

Project overview: connexion
High level conclusions
Reachability and coverage overview
Fuzzers overview
Project functions overview
Fuzzer details
Fuzzer: fuzz_query_resolving
Call tree
Fuzz blockers
Runtime coverage analysis
Files reached
Analyses and suggestions
Optimal target analysis
Remaining optimal interesting functions
All functions overview
Runtime coverage analysis
Complex functions with low coverage
Files and Directories in report
Files in report
Directories in report
Metadata section
Function call coverage
Function in each files in report
Report generation date: 2023-12-08

Project overview: connexion

High level conclusions

Reachability and coverage overview

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers
1.0%
12 / 1509
Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers
1.0%
40 / 5022
Runtime code coverage of functions
18.0%
274 / 1509

Warning: The number of runtime covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that Fuzz Introspector found there are more functions covered at runtime than what is considered reachable based on the static analysis. This is a limitation in the analysis as anything covered at runtime is by definition reachable by the fuzzers.
This is likely due to a limitation in the static analysis. In this case, the count of functions covered at runtime is the true value, which means this is what should be considered "achieved" by the fuzzer.

Use the project functions table below to query all functions that were not covered at runtime.

Fuzzers overview

Fuzzer Fuzzer filename Functions Reached Functions unreached Fuzzer depth Files reached Basic blocks reached Cyclomatic complexity Details
fuzz_query_resolving /src/fuzz_query_resolving.py 35 2738 5 3 13 106 fuzz_query_resolving.py

Project functions overview

The following table shows data about each function in the project. The functions included in this table correspond to all functions that exist in the executables of the fuzzers. As such, there may be functions that are from third-party libraries.

For further technical details on the meaning of columns in the below table, please see the Glossary .

Func name Functions filename Args Function call depth Reached by Fuzzers Fuzzers runtime hit Func lines hit % I Count BB Count Cyclomatic complexity Functions reached Reached by functions Accumulated cyclomatic complexity Undiscovered complexity

Fuzzer details

Fuzzer: fuzz_query_resolving

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Full calltree

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 59 67.0%
gold [1:9] 0 0.0%
yellow [10:29] 0 0.0%
greenyellow [30:49] 0 0.0%
lawngreen 50+ 29 32.9%
All colors 88 100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked Calltree index Parent function Callsite Largest blocked function
14 23 werkzeug.datastructures.structures.MultiDict.__init__ call site: 00023 werkzeug.datastructures.structures.CombinedMultiDict.items
12 10 werkzeug.datastructures.structures.MultiDict.lists call site: 00010 werkzeug.datastructures.structures.OrderedMultiDict.lists
8 76 ...fuzz_query_resolving.arbitrary call site: 00076 fdp.ConsumeUnicodeNoSurrogates
4 39 werkzeug.datastructures.structures.MultiDict.__init__ call site: 00039 fdp.ConsumeUnicodeNoSurrogates
4 48 ...fuzz_query_resolving.fixed_params call site: 00048 werkzeug.datastructures.structures.CombinedMultiDict.lists
4 53 ...fuzz_query_resolving.fixed_params call site: 00053 werkzeug.datastructures.structures.CombinedMultiDict.items
4 64 ...fuzz_query_resolving.arbitrary call site: 00064 fdp.ConsumeUnicodeNoSurrogates
4 70 ...fuzz_query_resolving.arbitrary call site: 00070 fdp.ConsumeUnicodeNoSurrogates
2 6 werkzeug.datastructures.structures.MultiDict.__init__ call site: 00006 werkzeug.datastructures.structures.MultiDict.lists
2 45 ...fuzz_query_resolving.fixed_params call site: 00045 fdp.ConsumeUnicodeNoSurrogates
1 2 ...fuzz_query_resolving.fixed_params call site: 00002 fdp.PickValueInList

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
428
Functions that are reachable but not covered
29
Reachable functions
35
Percentage of reachable functions covered
17.14%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
/ 1
...fuzz_query_resolving 9
werkzeug.datastructures.structures 25

Analyses and suggestions

Optimal target analysis

Remaining optimal interesting functions

The following table shows a list of functions that are optimal targets. Optimal targets are identified by finding the functions that in combination, yield a high code coverage.

Func name Functions filename Arg count Args Function depth hitcount instr count bb count cyclomatic complexity Reachable functions Incoming references total cyclomatic complexity Unreached complexity
werkzeug.debug.DebuggedApplication.__call__ werkzeug.debug 3 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 7 0 1 6 5 162 0 535 523
werkzeug.test.Client.resolve_redirect werkzeug.test 3 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 9 0 3 8 6 145 10 487 397
werkzeug.formparser.FormDataParser.parse werkzeug.formparser 5 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 6 0 1 4 5 102 2 338 232
werkzeug.serving.run_simple werkzeug.serving 16 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 5 0 7 6 5 96 1 308 206
werkzeug.wrappers.response.Response.make_conditional werkzeug.wrappers.response 4 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 8 0 1 6 5 78 0 263 167
connexion.middleware.main.ConnexionMiddleware.add_api connexion.middleware.main 17 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 5 0 3 3 4 48 1 151 136
connexion.decorators.parameter.prep_kwargs connexion.decorators.parameter 6 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 4 0 1 2 4 45 2 149 125

Implementing fuzzers that target the above functions will improve reachability such that it becomes:

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers
13.0%
191 / 1509
Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers
15.0%
739 / 5022

All functions overview

If you implement fuzzers for these functions, the status of all functions in the project will be:

Func name Functions filename Args Function call depth Reached by Fuzzers Fuzzers runtime hit Func lines hit % I Count BB Count Cyclomatic complexity Functions reached Reached by functions Accumulated cyclomatic complexity Undiscovered complexity

Runtime coverage analysis

This section shows analysis of runtime coverage data.

For futher technical details on how this section is generated, please see the Glossary .

Complex functions with low coverage

Func name Function total lines Lines covered at runtime percentage covered Reached by fuzzers
parser.parse_args 252 43 17.06% []
extensions.setdefault 1122 488 43.49% []
part.decode 149 31 20.80% []
collections.abc.Mapping.items 238 76 31.93% []
yaml.load 46 22 47.82% []
headers.get 99 31 31.31% []
d.lists 188 56 29.78% ['fuzz_query_resolving']
loader.get_filename 47 17 36.17% []
re.search 37 13 35.13% []
request.scope.get 103 46 44.66% []
werkzeug.http.parse_options_header 42 6 14.28% []
werkzeug.http.parse_range_header 40 0 0.0% []
werkzeug.http.dump_cookie 32 0 0.0% []
errors.append 76 25 32.89% []
inflection.camelize 82 40 48.78% []
files.append 121 24 19.83% []
connexion.operations.swagger2.Swagger2Operation._transform_form 35 0 0.0% []
c.lower 261 69 26.43% []
types.get 420 162 38.57% []
name.endswith 67 13 19.40% []
werkzeug.routing.map.MapAdapter.match 32 0 0.0% []
werkzeug.routing.matcher.StateMachineMatcher.match._match 74 0 0.0% []
werkzeug.wsgi.LimitedStream.readinto 32 0 0.0% []
x.project_name.lower 155 46 29.67% []
werkzeug.routing.rules.Rule.__init__ 31 0 0.0% []
werkzeug.routing.rules.Rule._parse_rule 55 0 0.0% []
werkzeug.test.stream_encode_multipart.write_binary 40 0 0.0% []
werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder.__init__ 63 0 0.0% []
werkzeug.test.Client.open 34 0 0.0% []
io.RawIOBase.readline 308 147 47.72% []
werkzeug.utils.send_file 81 0 0.0% []
werkzeug.sansio.http.is_resource_modified 31 2 6.451% []
ranges.append 31 7 22.58% []
time.sleep 494 179 36.23% []
ck.strip 72 34 47.22% []
out.extend 72 30 41.66% []
old.lower 214 89 41.58% []
markupsafe.escape.splitlines 162 78 48.14% []
werkzeug.sansio.multipart.MultipartDecoder.next_event 50 0 0.0% []
f.readline 78 21 26.92% []
buffer.append 63 16 25.39% []
url.append 206 60 29.12% []
fields.append 93 20 21.50% []
state.static.values 93 43 46.23% []
methods.add 54 19 35.18% []
jsonschema.validators.extend 382 119 31.15% []
requests.get 196 68 34.69% []
jsonschema.exceptions.ValidationError 192 89 46.35% []
p.lower 62 23 37.09% []
werkzeug.serving.WSGIRequestHandler.make_environ 35 0 0.0% []
werkzeug.serving.WSGIRequestHandler.run_wsgi.execute 40 0 0.0% []
werkzeug.serving.BaseWSGIServer.__init__ 45 0 0.0% []
reader.open_resource 122 17 13.93% []
info.strip 37 16 43.24% []
h.hexdigest 80 16 20.0% []
app.add_api 390 98 25.12% []

Files and Directories in report

This section shows which files and directories are considered in this report. The main reason for showing this is fuzz introspector may include more code in the reasoning than is desired. This section helps identify if too many files/directories are included, e.g. third party code, which may be irrelevant for the threat model. In the event too much is included, fuzz introspector supports a configuration file that can exclude data from the report. See the following link for more information on how to create a config file: link

Files in report

Source file Reached by Covered by
[] []
importlib [] []
connexion.problem [] []
werkzeug.datastructures [] []
werkzeug.serving [] []
re [] []
connexion.resolver [] []
werkzeug.middleware.profiler [] []
connexion.lifecycle [] []
pkgutil [] []
...fuzz_query_resolving ['fuzz_query_resolving'] []
inspect [] []
connexion.decorators [] []
werkzeug.routing.exceptions [] []
connexion.handlers [] []
linecache [] []
pathlib [] []
http [] []
pprint [] []
werkzeug.datastructures.cache_control [] []
contextlib [] []
connexion.apps.asynchronous [] []
json [] []
posixpath [] []
functools [] []
werkzeug.wrappers.response [] []
keyword [] []
random [] []
sysconfig [] []
connexion.decorators.main [] []
connexion.jsonifier [] []
werkzeug.debug.tbtools [] []
connexion [] []
connexion.middleware.abstract [] []
connexion.operations.abstract [] []
werkzeug.test [] []
connexion.datastructures [] []
werkzeug.middleware.dispatcher [] []
collections [] []
werkzeug.sansio.http [] []
connexion.context [] []
werkzeug.sansio.multipart [] []
werkzeug.routing.rules [] []
werkzeug.routing.converters [] []
werkzeug.utils [] []
connexion.spec [] []
werkzeug.sansio [] []
asyncio [] []
werkzeug.exceptions [] []
mimetypes [] []
connexion.operations [] []
cProfile [] []
connexion.options [] []
werkzeug.datastructures.etag [] []
connexion.validators.parameter [] []
connexion.frameworks.flask [] []
markupsafe [] []
zlib [] []
connexion.apps.flask [] []
connexion.middleware.context [] []
asgiref [] []
base64 [] []
time [] []
ast [] []
codecs [] []
connexion.middleware.request_validation [] []
werkzeug.debug.repr [] []
connexion.uri_parsing [] []
connexion.frameworks [] []
getpass [] []
termios [] []
traceback [] []
multipart [] []
werkzeug.wsgi [] []
werkzeug._reloader [] []
werkzeug.user_agent [] []
connexion.middleware.main [] []
connexion.validators [] []
datetime [] []
connexion.exceptions [] []
abc [] []
connexion.validators.json [] []
werkzeug.security [] []
httpx [] []
unicodedata [] []
profile [] []
socket [] []
werkzeug.local [] []
connexion.cli [] []
werkzeug [] []
pstats [] []
hmac [] []
requests [] []
werkzeug.debug [] []
fnmatch [] []
werkzeug.wrappers [] []
connexion.json_schema [] []
argparse [] []
tempfile [] []
connexion.testing [] []
werkzeug._internal [] []
connexion.middleware.swagger_ui [] []
urllib [] []
subprocess [] []
typing [] []
itertools [] []
connexion.http_facts [] []
werkzeug.datastructures.range [] []
werkzeug.sansio.utils [] []
werkzeug.datastructures.structures ['fuzz_query_resolving'] []
socketserver [] []
enum [] []
connexion.frameworks.abstract [] []
selectors [] []
dataclasses [] []
shutil [] []
werkzeug.routing [] []
connexion.middleware.response_validation [] []
connexion.middleware.routing [] []
hashlib [] []
jinja2 [] []
connexion.decorators.parameter [] []
connexion.decorators.response [] []
connexion.middleware.security [] []
werkzeug.routing.map [] []
connexion.operations.swagger2 [] []
connexion.validators.abstract [] []
textwrap [] []
signal [] []
werkzeug.routing.matcher [] []
yaml [] []
connexion.middleware [] []
connexion.middleware.server_error [] []
flask [] []
connexion.validators.form_data [] []
connexion.security [] []
uvicorn [] []
connexion.middleware.exceptions [] []
werkzeug.datastructures.auth [] []
werkzeug.datastructures.csp [] []
string [] []
sys [] []
copy [] []
inflection [] []
werkzeug.testapp [] []
connexion.apps.abstract [] []
uuid [] []
werkzeug.sansio.request [] []
secrets [] []
werkzeug.middleware [] []
watchdog [] []
os [] []
werkzeug.datastructures.headers [] []
werkzeug.sansio.response [] []
code [] []
starlette [] []
connexion.types [] []
werkzeug.middleware.shared_data [] []
operator [] []
connexion.apps [] []
io [] []
[] []
werkzeug.datastructures.accept [] []
werkzeug.urls [] []
warnings [] []
connexion.middleware.lifespan [] []
colorama [] []
connexion.mock [] []
math [] []
connexion.__main__ [] []
werkzeug.middleware.lint [] []
werkzeug.debug.console [] []
unittest [] []
werkzeug.datastructures.file_storage [] []
cryptography [] []
contextvars [] []
werkzeug.wrappers.request [] []
werkzeug.datastructures.mixins [] []
werkzeug.formparser [] []
a2wsgi [] []
threading [] []
logging [] []
werkzeug.middleware.http_proxy [] []
jsonschema [] []
werkzeug.http [] []
connexion.utils [] []
connexion.frameworks.starlette [] []
winreg [] []
werkzeug.middleware.proxy_fix [] []
connexion.operations.openapi [] []
ssl [] []
pydoc [] []
atexit [] []
atheris [] []

Directories in report

Directory

Metadata section

This sections shows the raw data that is used to produce this report. This is mainly used for further processing and developer debugging.

Fuzzer Calltree file Program data file Coverage file
fuzz_query_resolving fuzzerLogFile-fuzz_query_resolving.data fuzzerLogFile-fuzz_query_resolving.data.yaml all_cov.json