High level conclusions

Fuzzer FuzzCUPS is blocked:

The runtime code coverage of FuzzCUPS covers 21.0% of its statically reachable code. This means there is some place that blocks the fuzzer to continue exploring more code at run time.

Fuzzer FuzzRaster is blocked:

The runtime code coverage of FuzzRaster covers 18.0% of its statically reachable code. This means there is some place that blocks the fuzzer to continue exploring more code at run time.

Fuzzers reach 21.03% of cyclomatic complexity.

Fuzzers reach 22.03% of all functions.

Reachability and coverage overview

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers

134 / 608

Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers

1522 / 7234

Runtime code coverage of functions

84 / 608

The following table shows data about each function in the project. The functions included in this table correspond to all functions that exist in the executables of the fuzzers. As such, there may be functions that are from third-party libraries.

For further technical details on the meaning of columns in the below table, please see the Glossary .

Func name	Functions filename	Args	Function call depth	Reached by Fuzzers	Fuzzers runtime hit	Func lines hit %	I Count	BB Count	Cyclomatic complexity	Functions reached	Reached by functions	Accumulated cyclomatic complexity	Undiscovered complexity

Fuzzer: FuzzIPP

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	381	61.6%
gold	[1:9]	83	13.4%
yellow	[10:29]	14	2.26%
greenyellow	[30:49]	2	0.32%
lawngreen	50+	138	22.3%
All colors	618	100

Fuzz blockers

The followings are the branches where fuzzer fails to bypass.

Unique non-covered Complexity	Unique Reachable Complexities	Unique Reachable Functions	All non-covered Complexity	All Reachable Complexity	Function Name	Function Callsite	Blocked Branch
924	924	1 : View List ['_cupsSetHTTPError']	924	924	ipp_set_value	call site: 00545	/src/cups/cups/ipp.c:6722
275	429	13 : View List ['strlen', 'strncmp', 'cups_unquote', 'cupsArrayAdd', 'calloc', 'strrchr', 'cupsFileGets', 'cupsFileClose', 'free', 'strdup', 'cups_read_strings', 'strchr', 'realloc']	275	429	_cupsMessageLoad	call site: 00260	/src/cups/cups/language.c:942
201	263	2 : View List ['cupsFileClose', 'cups_read_client_conf']	201	1132	_cupsSetDefaults	call site: 00460	/src/cups/cups/usersys.c:1065
31	31	1 : View List ['cupsFileFlush']	74	74	cupsFileClose	call site: 00089	/src/cups/cups/file.c:365
30	30	3 : View List ['deflate', 'cups_write', 'deflateEnd']	41	41	cupsFileClose	call site: 00090	/src/cups/cups/file.c:373
19	19	1 : View List ['cups_set_encryption']	83	505	cups_finalize_client_conf	call site: 00468	/src/cups/cups/usersys.c:1196
18	18	1 : View List ['cups_boolean_value']	30	444	cups_finalize_client_conf	call site: 00476	/src/cups/cups/usersys.c:1213
11	11	2 : View List ['close', 'httpAddrClose']	11	11	cupsFileOpen	call site: 00167	/src/cups/cups/file.c:1162
9	9	1 : View List ['_cupsMessageFree']	9	19	cupsLangGet	call site: 00239	/src/cups/cups/language.c:796
9	9	1 : View List ['httpAddrClose']	9	9	cupsFileClose	call site: 00103	/src/cups/cups/file.c:461
8	8	1 : View List ['cups_set_user']	40	454	cups_finalize_client_conf	call site: 00474	/src/cups/cups/usersys.c:1210
8	8	3 : View List ['__errno_location', 'recv', 'read']	8	8	cups_read	call site: 00315	/src/cups/cups/file.c:2722

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

57

Functions that are reachable but not covered

125

Reachable functions

182

Percentage of reachable functions covered

31.32%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
fuzzer/FuzzIPP.c	2
cups/ipp.c	13
cups/globals.c	6
cups/string.c	7
cups/thread.c	2
cups/array.c	8
cups/http.c	10
cups/./tls-openssl.c	5
cups/http-addr.c	3
cups/http-addrlist.c	4
cups/file.c	12
cups/options.c	1
cups/usersys.c	13
cups/./string-private.h	4
cups/request.c	2
cups/language.c	12
cups/http-support.c	2

Fuzzer: FuzzRaster

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	132	72.1%
gold	[1:9]	14	7.65%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	1	0.54%
lawngreen	50+	36	19.6%
All colors	183	100

Fuzz blockers

The followings are the branches where fuzzer fails to bypass.

Unique non-covered Complexity	Unique Reachable Complexities	Unique Reachable Functions	All non-covered Complexity	All Reachable Complexity	Function Name	Function Callsite	Blocked Branch
4	4	1 : View List ['htonl']	8	408	_cupsRasterNew	call site: 00145	/src/cups/cups/raster-stream.c:463
2	2	1 : View List ['realloc']	2	2	_cupsRasterAddError	call site: 00147	/src/cups/cups/raster-error.c:65
2	2	1 : View List ['realloc']	2	2	cups_raster_read	call site: 00171	/src/cups/cups/raster-stream.c:1432
0	0	None	119	119	cups_globals_alloc	call site: 00115	/src/cups/cups/globals.c:195
0	0	None	4	399	_cupsRasterNew	call site: 00143	/src/cups/cups/raster-stream.c:451
0	0	None	4	399	_cupsRasterNew	call site: 00149	/src/cups/cups/raster-stream.c:469
0	0	1 : View List ['free']	2	2	cups_raster_update	call site: 00177	/src/cups/cups/raster-stream.c:1672
0	0	None	0	431	cupsRasterOpen	call site: 00007	/src/cups/cups/raster-stubs.c:114
0	0	None	0	0	cups_globals_alloc	call site: 00122	/src/cups/cups/globals.c:349
0	0	None	0	0	_cupsRasterAddError	call site: 00147	/src/cups/cups/raster-error.c:43
0	0	None	0	0	_cupsRasterAddError	call site: 00147	/src/cups/cups/raster-error.c:50
0	0	None	0	0	_cupsRasterAddError	call site: 00148	/src/cups/cups/raster-error.c:70

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

18

Functions that are reachable but not covered

82

Reachable functions

100

Percentage of reachable functions covered

18.0%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
fuzzer/FuzzRaster.c	2
cups/raster-stubs.c	5
cups/raster-stream.c	6
cups/raster-error.c	2
cups/globals.c	4
cups/string.c	5
cups/thread.c	2
cups/array.c	8
cups/http.c	9
cups/./tls-openssl.c	3
cups/http-addr.c	1
cups/http-addrlist.c	1
cups/file.c	4
cups/options.c	1

Fuzzer: FuzzCUPS

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	128	45.2%
gold	[1:9]	12	4.24%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	143	50.5%
All colors	283	100

Fuzz blockers

The followings are the branches where fuzzer fails to bypass.

Unique non-covered Complexity	Unique Reachable Complexities	Unique Reachable Functions	All non-covered Complexity	All Reachable Complexity	Function Name	Function Callsite	Blocked Branch
0	0	None	119	119	cups_globals_alloc	call site: 00110	/src/cups/cups/globals.c:195
0	0	None	10	16	_cupsStrScand	call site: 00155	/src/cups/cups/string.c:407
0	0	None	6	6	_cupsStrScand	call site: 00157	/src/cups/cups/string.c:444
0	0	None	0	395	_cupsRasterExecPS	call site: 00003	/src/cups/cups/raster-interpret.c:523
0	0	None	0	395	_cupsRasterExecPS	call site: 00140	/src/cups/cups/raster-interpret.c:529
0	0	None	0	6	copy_stack	call site: 00184	/src/cups/cups/raster-interpret.c:730
0	0	None	0	0	cups_globals_alloc	call site: 00117	/src/cups/cups/globals.c:349
0	0	None	0	0	_cupsRasterAddError	call site: 00138	/src/cups/cups/raster-error.c:43
0	0	None	0	0	_cupsRasterAddError	call site: 00138	/src/cups/cups/raster-error.c:50
0	0	None	0	0	_cupsRasterAddError	call site: 00139	/src/cups/cups/raster-error.c:70
0	0	None	0	0	push_stack	call site: 00176	/src/cups/cups/raster-interpret.c:944
0	0	None	0	0	new_stack	call site: 00141	/src/cups/cups/raster-interpret.c:894

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

21

Functions that are reachable but not covered

79

Reachable functions

100

Percentage of reachable functions covered

21.0%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
fuzzer/FuzzCUPS.c	1
cups/raster-interpret.c	13
cups/raster-error.c	1
cups/globals.c	4
cups/string.c	6
cups/thread.c	2
cups/array.c	8
cups/http.c	9
cups/./tls-openssl.c	3
cups/http-addr.c	1
cups/http-addrlist.c	1
cups/file.c	4
cups/options.c	1
cups/./string-private.h	1

Optimal target analysis

Remaining optimal interesting functions

The following table shows a list of functions that are optimal targets. Optimal targets are identified by finding the functions that in combination, yield a high code coverage.

Func name	Functions filename	Arg count	Args	Function depth	hitcount	instr count	bb count	cyclomatic complexity	Reachable functions	Incoming references	total cyclomatic complexity	Unreached complexity
_ppdCreateFromIPP	/src/cups/cups/ppd-cache.c	3	['char *', 'size_t ', 'struct._ipp_s *']	11	0	25	3	2	418	0	3510	2219
cupsMarkOptions	/src/cups/cups/ppd-mark.c	3	['struct.ppd_file_s *', 'int ', 'struct.pwg_map_s *']	14	0	1161	219	81	211	0	1954	880
_cupsConvertOptions	/src/cups/cups/ppd-cache.c	11	['struct._ipp_s *', 'struct.ppd_file_s *', 'struct._ppd_cache_s *', 'struct._ipp_attribute_s *', 'struct._ipp_attribute_s *', 'struct._ipp_attribute_s *', 'char *', 'char *', 'int ', 'int ', 'struct.pwg_map_s *']	10	0	1755	341	122	212	0	1589	259
ippValidateAttribute	/src/cups/cups/ipp.c	1	['struct._ipp_attribute_s *']	12	0	2528	351	121	152	2	1220	254
_cupsEncodeOption	/src/cups/cups/encode.c	5	['struct._ipp_s *', 'int ', 'struct._ipp_option_s *', 'char *', 'char *']	11	0	733	138	43	192	4	1531	250
ppdEmitJCL	/src/cups/cups/ppd-emit.c	5	['struct.ppd_file_s *', 'struct._IO_FILE *', 'int ', 'char *', 'char *']	8	0	566	116	39	78	0	766	171
httpCredentialsGetTrust	/src/cups/cups/./tls-openssl.c	2	['struct._cups_array_s *', 'char *']	9	0	415	84	30	205	0	1297	142
_ppdCacheCreateWithFile	/src/cups/cups/ppd-cache.c	2	['char *', 'struct._ipp_s **']	9	0	1376	229	90	194	0	1587	123
cupsResolveConflicts	/src/cups/cups/ppd-conflicts.c	5	['struct.ppd_file_s *', 'char *', 'char *', 'int *', 'struct.pwg_map_s **']	4	0	1185	205	75	58	0	550	80
ippCreateRequestedArray	/src/cups/cups/ipp-support.c	1	['struct._ipp_s *']	3	0	910	194	71	20	0	203	71

Implementing fuzzers that target the above functions will improve reachability such that it becomes:

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers

390 / 608

Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers

5585 / 7234

All functions overview

If you implement fuzzers for these functions, the status of all functions in the project will be:

Func name	Functions filename	Args	Function call depth	Reached by Fuzzers	Fuzzers runtime hit	Func lines hit %	I Count	BB Count	Cyclomatic complexity	Functions reached	Reached by functions	Accumulated cyclomatic complexity	Undiscovered complexity

This section shows analysis of runtime coverage data.

For futher technical details on how this section is generated, please see the Glossary .

Complex functions with low coverage

Func name	Function total lines	Lines covered at runtime	percentage covered	Reached by fuzzers
cupsFileClose	68	27	39.70%	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']
cupsFileOpen	61	22	36.06%	['FuzzIPP']
cupsFileOpenFd	62	19	30.64%	['FuzzIPP']
_cupsMessageLoad	119	18	15.12%	['FuzzIPP']
cupsSetServer	49	20	40.81%	['FuzzIPP']
_cupsRasterNew	101	55	54.45%	['FuzzRaster']
_cupsStrScand	81	41	50.61%	['FuzzCUPS']

This section shows which files and directories are considered in this report. The main reason for showing this is fuzz introspector may include more code in the reasoning than is desired. This section helps identify if too many files/directories are included, e.g. third party code, which may be irrelevant for the threat model. In the event too much is included, fuzz introspector supports a configuration file that can exclude data from the report. See the following link for more information on how to create a config file: link

Files in report

Source file	Reached by	Covered by
	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/ppd-page.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/file.c	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']	['FuzzIPP']
/src/cups/cups/raster-stubs.c	['FuzzRaster']	['FuzzRaster']
/src/cups/cups/array.c	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']	['FuzzIPP']
/src/cups/cups/ppd-emit.c	[]	[]
/usr/include/openssl/x509.h	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/tempfile.c	[]	[]
/usr/include/openssl/x509v3.h	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/string.c	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']
/src/cups/cups/hash.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/language.c	['FuzzIPP']	['FuzzIPP']
/src/cups/cups/encode.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/thread.c	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']	['FuzzIPP']
/src/cups/fuzzer/FuzzCUPS.c	['FuzzCUPS']	['FuzzCUPS']
/src/cups/cups/http-support.c	['FuzzIPP']	[]
/src/cups/cups/./string-private.h	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzCUPS']	[]
/src/cups/fuzzer/FuzzIPP.c	['FuzzIPP']	['FuzzIPP']
/src/cups/cups/transcode.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/langprintf.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/ppd-custom.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/ppd-mark.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/ipp-support.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/pwg-media.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/ipp.c	['FuzzIPP']	['FuzzIPP']
/src/cups/cups/http-addr.c	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']	[]
/src/cups/cups/./tls-openssl.c	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']	[]
/src/cups/cups/raster-interpret.c	['FuzzCUPS']	['FuzzCUPS']
/src/cups/cups/globals.c	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']
/src/cups/cups/ppd-conflicts.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/getputfile.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/fuzzer/FuzzRaster.c	['FuzzRaster']	['FuzzRaster']
/src/cups/cups/raster-stream.c	['FuzzRaster']	['FuzzRaster']
/src/cups/cups/ppd-attr.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/http-addrlist.c	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']	[]
/src/cups/cups/usersys.c	['FuzzIPP']	['FuzzIPP']
/src/cups/cups/request.c	['FuzzIPP']	['FuzzIPP']
/src/cups/cups/raster-error.c	['FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']	['FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']
/src/cups/cups/ppd-cache.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/http.c	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']	[]
/src/cups/cups/md5.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/auth.c	[]	[]
/src/cups/cups/options.c	['FuzzIPP', 'FuzzRaster', 'FuzzCUPS']	[]

Directories in report

Directory
/src/cups/fuzzer/
/src/cups/cups/
/src/cups/cups/./
/usr/include/openssl/