Fuzz introspector
For issues and ideas: https://github.com/ossf/fuzz-introspector/issues

Fuzzer details

Fuzzer: ssml-fuzzer

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 761 36.0%
gold [1:9] 105 4.97%
yellow [10:29] 54 2.55%
greenyellow [30:49] 19 0.90%
lawngreen 50+ 1172 55.5%
All colors 2111 100

Fuzz blockers

The followings are the branches where fuzzer fails to bypass.

Unique non-covered Complexity Unique Reachable Complexities Unique Reachable Functions All non-covered Complexity All Reachable Complexity Function Name Function Callsite Blocked Branch
6795 6795 1 :

['dispatch_audio']

6795 13103 Synthesize call site: 02028 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/speech.c:491
2095 2095 1 :

['GetTranslatedPhonemeString']

2095 3269 SpeakNextClause call site: 01715 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/synthesize.c:1565
511 511 1 :

['MbrolaGenerate']

511 511 Generate call site: 01731 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/synthesize.c:1152
254 254 4 :

['fifo_add_commands', 'create_espeak_text', 'delete_espeak_command', 'create_espeak_terminated_msg']

254 254 espeak_ng_Synthesize call site: 02096 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/speech.c:668
203 243 8 :

['fclose', 'strcpy', 'Read4Bytes', 'realloc', '__errno_location', 'fopen', 'load_MBR', 'GetFileLength']

203 315 LoadMbrolaTable call site: 00075 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/synth_mbrola.c:79
20 20 3 :

['espeak_ng_ClearErrorContext', 'espeak_ng_PrintStatusCodeMessage', 'exit']

20 27398 espeak_Initialize call site: 00017 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/espeak_api.c:56
16 32 2 :

['print_dictionary_flags', 'DecodePhonemes']

16 1975 LookupDict2 call site: 00934 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/dictionary.c:2628
16 16 1 :

['print_dictionary_flags']

16 16 LookupDict2 call site: 00929 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/dictionary.c:2618
13 13 1 :

['RemoveChar']

13 18 ReadClause call site: 01436 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/readclause.c:737
13 13 1 :

['RemoveChar']

13 18 ReadClause call site: 01515 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/readclause.c:954
12 17 6 :

['ReadTonePoints', 'memcmp', 'strdup', 'fclose', 'fgets', '__isoc99_sscanf']

12 17 LoadConfig call site: 00051 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/langopts.c:190
9 9 3 :

['create_file_error_context', '__errno_location', 'free']

11 11 ReadPhFile call site: 00032 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/synthdata.c:89

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
327
Functions that are reachable but not covered
190
Reachable functions
504
Percentage of reachable functions covered
62.3%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
tests/ssml-fuzzer.c 2
src/libespeak-ng/espeak_api.c 6
src/libespeak-ng/speech.c 19
src/libespeak-ng/common.c 16
src/libespeak-ng/synthdata.c 18
src/libespeak-ng/error.c 5
src/libespeak-ng/wavegen.c 28
src/libespeak-ng/klatt.c 17
src/libespeak-ng/langopts.c 4
src/libespeak-ng/voices.c 25
src/libespeak-ng/readclause.c 20
src/libespeak-ng/synthesize.c 28
src/libespeak-ng/synth_mbrola.c 7
src/libespeak-ng/setlengths.c 8
src/libespeak-ng/mbrowrap.c 22
src/libespeak-ng/fifo.c 10
src/libespeak-ng/espeak_command.c 5
src/libespeak-ng/translate.c 21
src/ucd-tools/src/case.c 2
src/libespeak-ng/mnemonics.c 2
src/libespeak-ng/tr_languages.c 14
src/libespeak-ng/dictionary.c 24
src/ucd-tools/src/ctype.c 8
src/ucd-tools/src/categories.c 1
src/libespeak-ng/encoding.c 8
src/ucd-tools/src/proplist.c 28
src/libespeak-ng/ssml.c 15
src/libespeak-ng/soundicon.c 3
src/libespeak-ng/event.c 11
src/libespeak-ng/compiledict.c 2
src/libespeak-ng/numbers.c 15
src/libespeak-ng/translateword.c 10
src/libespeak-ng/phonemelist.c 4
src/libespeak-ng/intonation.c 11

Fuzzer: tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 763 36.0%
gold [1:9] 102 4.82%
yellow [10:29] 54 2.55%
greenyellow [30:49] 19 0.89%
lawngreen 50+ 1176 55.6%
All colors 2114 100

Fuzz blockers

The followings are the branches where fuzzer fails to bypass.

Unique non-covered Complexity Unique Reachable Complexities Unique Reachable Functions All non-covered Complexity All Reachable Complexity Function Name Function Callsite Blocked Branch
6795 6795 1 :

['dispatch_audio']

6795 13103 Synthesize call site: 02026 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/speech.c:491
2095 2095 1 :

['GetTranslatedPhonemeString']

2095 3269 SpeakNextClause call site: 01713 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/synthesize.c:1565
511 511 1 :

['MbrolaGenerate']

511 511 Generate call site: 01729 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/synthesize.c:1152
254 254 4 :

['fifo_add_commands', 'create_espeak_text', 'delete_espeak_command', 'create_espeak_terminated_msg']

254 254 espeak_ng_Synthesize call site: 02099 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/speech.c:668
203 243 8 :

['fclose', 'strcpy', 'Read4Bytes', 'realloc', '__errno_location', 'fopen', 'load_MBR', 'GetFileLength']

203 315 LoadMbrolaTable call site: 00073 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/synth_mbrola.c:79
20 20 3 :

['espeak_ng_ClearErrorContext', 'espeak_ng_PrintStatusCodeMessage', 'exit']

20 27398 espeak_Initialize call site: 00015 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/espeak_api.c:56
16 32 2 :

['print_dictionary_flags', 'DecodePhonemes']

16 1975 LookupDict2 call site: 00932 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/dictionary.c:2628
16 16 1 :

['print_dictionary_flags']

16 16 LookupDict2 call site: 00927 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/dictionary.c:2618
13 13 1 :

['RemoveChar']

13 18 ReadClause call site: 01434 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/readclause.c:737
13 13 1 :

['RemoveChar']

13 18 ReadClause call site: 01513 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/readclause.c:954
12 17 6 :

['ReadTonePoints', 'memcmp', 'strdup', 'fclose', 'fgets', '__isoc99_sscanf']

12 17 LoadConfig call site: 00049 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/langopts.c:190
9 9 3 :

['create_file_error_context', '__errno_location', 'free']

11 11 ReadPhFile call site: 00030 /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/synthdata.c:89

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
327
Functions that are reachable but not covered
192
Reachable functions
505
Percentage of reachable functions covered
61.98%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c 2
src/libespeak-ng/espeak_api.c 6
src/libespeak-ng/speech.c 18
src/libespeak-ng/common.c 16
src/libespeak-ng/synthdata.c 18
src/libespeak-ng/error.c 5
src/libespeak-ng/wavegen.c 28
src/libespeak-ng/klatt.c 17
src/libespeak-ng/langopts.c 4
src/libespeak-ng/voices.c 25
src/libespeak-ng/readclause.c 20
src/libespeak-ng/synthesize.c 28
src/libespeak-ng/synth_mbrola.c 7
src/libespeak-ng/setlengths.c 8
src/libespeak-ng/mbrowrap.c 22
src/libespeak-ng/fifo.c 10
src/libespeak-ng/espeak_command.c 5
src/libespeak-ng/translate.c 21
src/ucd-tools/src/case.c 2
src/libespeak-ng/mnemonics.c 2
src/libespeak-ng/tr_languages.c 14
src/libespeak-ng/dictionary.c 24
src/ucd-tools/src/ctype.c 8
src/ucd-tools/src/categories.c 1
src/libespeak-ng/encoding.c 8
src/ucd-tools/src/proplist.c 28
src/libespeak-ng/ssml.c 15
src/libespeak-ng/soundicon.c 3
src/libespeak-ng/event.c 10
src/libespeak-ng/compiledict.c 2
src/libespeak-ng/numbers.c 15
src/libespeak-ng/translateword.c 10
src/libespeak-ng/phonemelist.c 4
src/libespeak-ng/intonation.c 11

Files and Directories in report

This section shows which files and directories are considered in this report. The main reason for showing this is fuzz introspector may include more code in the reasoning than is desired. This section helps identify if too many files/directories are included, e.g. third party code, which may be irrelevant for the threat model. In the event too much is included, fuzz introspector supports a configuration file that can exclude data from the report. See the following link for more information on how to create a config file: link

Files in report

Source file Reached by Covered by
[] []
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/espeak_command.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] []
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/dictionary.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/mnemonics.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/fifo.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] []
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/encoding.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/translateword.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/klatt.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/synthdata.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/ucd-tools/src/case.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/compiledict.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] []
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/error.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] []
/src/espeak-ng/tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c ['tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/common.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/langopts.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/mbrowrap.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] []
/src/espeak-ng/src/ucd-tools/src/proplist.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/voices.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/synthesize.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/soundicon.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/ucd-tools/src/categories.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/speech.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/intonation.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/ucd-tools/src/ctype.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/event.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/tests/ssml-fuzzer.c ['ssml-fuzzer'] ['ssml-fuzzer']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/tr_languages.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/synth_mbrola.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/phonemelist.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/espeak_api.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/readclause.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/ssml.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/setlengths.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/numbers.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/translate.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/wavegen.c ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c'] ['ssml-fuzzer', 'tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']

Directories in report

Directory
/src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/
/src/espeak-ng/src/ucd-tools/src/
/src/espeak-ng/tests/
/src/espeak-ng/tests/fuzzing/

Function call coverage

This section shows a chosen list of functions / methods calls and their relative coverage information. By static analysis of the target project code, all of these function call and their caller information, including the source file or class and line number that initiate the call are captured. Column 1 is the function name of that selected functions or methods. Column 2 of each row indicate if the target function covered by any fuzzer calltree information. Column 3 lists all fuzzers (or no fuzzers at all) that have coered that particular function call dynamically. Column 4 shows list of parent function for the specific function call, while column 5 shows possible blocker functions that make the fuzzers fail to reach the specific functions. Both column 4 and 5 will only show information if none of the fuzzers cover the target function calls.

Function in each files in report

Target sink Callsite location Reached by fuzzer Function call path Covered by fuzzer Possible branch blockers
execlp Not in fuzzer provided call tree ['ssml-fuzzer', '/src/espeak-ng/tests/fuzzing/synth_fuzzer.c']
Parent functions Callpaths
start_mbrola
in /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/mbrowrap.c:209
Path 1
Path 2
Path 3
Path 4
Path 5
Path 6
Path 7
Path 8
0
Blocker function Arguments type Return type Constants touched
espeak_Char
in /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/espeak_api.c:109
['int '] int []
espeak_Key
in /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/espeak_api.c:104
['char *'] int []
espeak_Terminate
in /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/espeak_api.c:149
[] int []
espeak_Cancel
in /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/espeak_api.c:139
[] int []
espeak_ng_InitializeOutput
in /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/speech.c:265
['int ', 'int ', 'char *'] int []
espeak_Synth_Mark
in /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/espeak_api.c:99
['char *', 'size_t ', 'char *', 'int ', 'int ', 'int *', 'char *'] int []
LoadMbrolaTable
in /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/synth_mbrola.c:66
['char *', 'char *', 'int *'] int []
espeak_SetVoiceByFile
in /src/espeak-ng/src/libespeak-ng/espeak_api.c:129
['char *'] int []