High level conclusions

Fuzzers reach 25.64% of cyclomatic complexity.

Fuzzers reach 23.67% of all functions.

Reachability and coverage overview

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers

197/832

Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers

841/3280

Runtime code coverage of functions

352 / 832

The following table shows data about each function in the project. The functions included in this table correspond to all functions that exist in the executables of the fuzzers. As such, there may be functions that are from third-party libraries.

For further technical details on the meaning of columns in the below table, please see the Glossary .

Func name	Functions filename	Args	Function call depth	Reached by Fuzzers	Fuzzers runtime hit	Func lines hit %	I Count	BB Count	Cyclomatic complexity	Functions reached	Reached by functions	Accumulated cyclomatic complexity	Undiscovered complexity

Fuzzer: dgif_target

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	1	1.29%
gold	[1:9]	1	1.29%
yellow	[10:29]	3	3.89%
greenyellow	[30:49]	2	2.59%
lawngreen	50+	70	90.9%
All colors	77	100

Fuzz blockers

The followings are the branches where fuzzer fails to bypass.

Unique non-covered Complexity	Unique Reachable Complexities	Unique Reachable Functions	All non-covered Complexity	All Reachable Complexity	Function Name	Function Callsite	Blocked Branch
0	0	None	2	39	DGifOpen	call site: 00003	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:185
0	0	None	2	2	DGifCloseFile	call site: 00071	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:699
0	0	None	0	72	DGifGetImageHeader	call site: 00024	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:365
0	0	None	0	63	DGifGetImageDesc	call site: 00023	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:432
0	0	None	0	58	DGifGetLine	call site: 00042	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:488
0	0	None	0	58	DGifGetLine	call site: 00042	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:494
0	0	None	0	43	DGifGetScreenDesc	call site: 00007	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:249
0	0	None	0	15	DGifGetExtension	call site: 00056	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:570
0	0	None	0	5	DGifGetRecordType	call site: 00021	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:326
0	0	None	0	0	DGifOpen	call site: 00002	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:172
0	0	None	0	0	DGifGetScreenDesc	call site: 00013	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:275
0	0	None	0	0	DGifGetImageHeader	call site: 00032	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:395

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

30

Functions that are reachable but not covered

6

Reachable functions

38

Percentage of reachable functions covered

84.21%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/src/dgif_target.cc	1
/src/dgif_fuzz_common.cc	2
/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c	20
/src/giflib-code/gifalloc.c	6
/src/giflib-code/openbsd-reallocarray.c	1

Fuzzer: egif_target

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	21	25.3%
gold	[1:9]	0	0.0%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	62	74.6%
All colors	83	100

Fuzz blockers

The followings are the branches where fuzzer fails to bypass.

Unique non-covered Complexity	Unique Reachable Complexities	Unique Reachable Functions	All non-covered Complexity	All Reachable Complexity	Function Name	Function Callsite	Blocked Branch
2	2	1 : View List ['fwrite']	2	2	InternalWrite	call site: 00028	/src/giflib-code/egif_lib.c:261
0	14	2 : View List ['GifMakeMapObject', 'GifFreeMapObject']	0	92	EGifPutImageDesc	call site: 00043	/src/giflib-code/egif_lib.c:393
0	5	1 : View List ['InternalWrite']	0	36	EGifPutImageDesc	call site: 00051	/src/giflib-code/egif_lib.c:423
0	0	None	124	476	rgb_to_gif(unsignedcharconst*,unsignedlong)	call site: 00000	/src/egif_fuzz_common.cc:43
0	0	None	124	465	rgb_to_gif(unsignedcharconst*,unsignedlong)	call site: 00000	/src/egif_fuzz_common.cc:62
0	0	None	124	462	rgb_to_gif(unsignedcharconst*,unsignedlong)	call site: 00000	/src/egif_fuzz_common.cc:71
0	0	None	31	58	rgb_to_gif(unsignedcharconst*,unsignedlong)	call site: 00000	/src/egif_fuzz_common.cc:131
0	0	None	31	58	rgb_to_gif(unsignedcharconst*,unsignedlong)	call site: 00000	/src/egif_fuzz_common.cc:148
0	0	None	31	58	rgb_to_gif(unsignedcharconst*,unsignedlong)	call site: 00000	/src/egif_fuzz_common.cc:168
0	0	None	31	34	rgb_to_gif(unsignedcharconst*,unsignedlong)	call site: 00000	/src/egif_fuzz_common.cc:105
0	0	None	4	59	EGifPutScreenDesc	call site: 00025	/src/giflib-code/egif_lib.c:289
0	0	None	2	13	EGifCloseFile	call site: 00038	/src/giflib-code/egif_lib.c:783

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

28

Functions that are reachable but not covered

10

Reachable functions

41

Percentage of reachable functions covered

75.61%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/src/egif_target.cc	1
/src/egif_fuzz_common.cc	3
/src/giflib-code/gifalloc.c	3
/src/giflib-code/quantize.c	3
/src/giflib-code/egif_lib.c	13
/src/giflib-code/gif_hash.c	5
/src/giflib-code/qprintf.c	1
/src/giflib-code/gif_err.c	1

Fuzzer: dgif_protobuf_target

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	13	4.30%
gold	[1:9]	2	0.66%
yellow	[10:29]	4	1.32%
greenyellow	[30:49]	2	0.66%
lawngreen	50+	281	93.0%
All colors	302	100

Fuzz blockers

The followings are the branches where fuzzer fails to bypass.

Unique non-covered Complexity	Unique Reachable Complexities	Unique Reachable Functions	All non-covered Complexity	All Reachable Complexity	Function Name	Function Callsite	Blocked Branch
9	9	1 : View List ['google::protobuf::Arena* google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadata::DeleteOutOfLineHelper ()']	9	9	google::protobuf::Arena*google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadata::DeleteReturnArena ()	call site: 00000	/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h:108
6	6	1 : View List ['google::protobuf::internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase::MergeFromInternal(google::protobuf::internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase const&, void (google::protobuf::internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase::*)(void**, void**, int, int))']	6	6	voidgoogle::protobuf::internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase::MergeFrom ::TypeHandler>(google::protobuf::internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBaseconst&)	call site: 00000	/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/repeated_ptr_field.h:304
2	13	3 : View List ['gifProtoFuzzer::GlobalColorTable::_internal_colors() const', 'google::protobuf::MessageLite::GetArenaForAllocation() const', 'google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(std::__1::basic_string , std::__1::allocator > const&, google::protobuf::Arena*)']	11	22	gifProtoFuzzer::GlobalColorTable::MergeImpl(google::protobuf::Message&,google::protobuf::Messageconst&)	call site: 00000	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc:1068
2	13	3 : View List ['gifProtoFuzzer::LocalColorTable::_internal_colors() const', 'google::protobuf::MessageLite::GetArenaForAllocation() const', 'google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(std::__1::basic_string , std::__1::allocator > const&, google::protobuf::Arena*)']	11	22	gifProtoFuzzer::LocalColorTable::MergeImpl(google::protobuf::Message&,google::protobuf::Messageconst&)	call site: 00000	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc:2191
2	4	2 : View List ['gifProtoFuzzer::ImageData::_internal_set_lzw(unsigned int)', 'gifProtoFuzzer::ImageData::_internal_lzw() const']	11	13	gifProtoFuzzer::ImageData::MergeImpl(google::protobuf::Message&,google::protobuf::Messageconst&)	call site: 00000	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc:2691
2	4	2 : View List ['gifProtoFuzzer::Header::_internal_ver() const', 'gifProtoFuzzer::Header::_internal_set_ver(gifProtoFuzzer::Header_Version)']	11	13	gifProtoFuzzer::Header::MergeImpl(google::protobuf::Message&,google::protobuf::Messageconst&)	call site: 00000	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc:3698
0	6	1 : View List ['google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::ClearNonDefaultToEmpty()']	10	16	gifProtoFuzzer::LocalColorTable::Clear()	call site: 00000	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc:2091
0	0	None	10	10	gifProtoFuzzer::ImageDescriptor::Clear()	call site: 00000	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc:1198
0	0	None	9	9	gifProtoFuzzer::LogicalScreenDescriptor::MergeImpl(google::protobuf::Message&,google::protobuf::Messageconst&)	call site: 00000	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc:838
0	0	None	9	9	gifProtoFuzzer::ImageDescriptor::MergeImpl(google::protobuf::Message&,google::protobuf::Messageconst&)	call site: 00000	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc:1428
0	0	3 : View List ['std::__1::basic_ofstream >::basic_ofstream(char const*, unsigned int)', 'std::__1::basic_ostream >::write(char const*, long)', 'std::__1::basic_ofstream >::~basic_ofstream()']	4	232	TestOneProtoInput(gifProtoFuzzer::GifProtoconst&)	call site: 00000	/src/dgif_protobuf_target.cc:19
0	0	None	2	39	DGifOpen	call site: 00185	/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c:185

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

367

Functions that are reachable but not covered

43

Reachable functions

353

Percentage of reachable functions covered

87.82%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/src/dgif_protobuf_target.cc	2
/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.h	80
/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc	10
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/message.h	2
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/message_lite.h	3
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h	8
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h	1
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/repeated_ptr_field.h	8
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/arena.h	1
/src/./ProtoToGif.h	2
/src/ProtoToGif.cpp	20
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/arenastring.h	2
/usr/local/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h	1
/src/dgif_fuzz_common.cc	2
/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c	20
/src/giflib-code/gifalloc.c	6
/src/giflib-code/openbsd-reallocarray.c	1

Optimal target analysis

Remaining optimal interesting functions

The following table shows a list of functions that are optimal targets. Optimal targets are identified by finding the functions that in combination, yield a high code coverage.

Func name	Functions filename	Arg count	Args	Function depth	hitcount	instr count	bb count	cyclomatic complexity	Reachable functions	Incoming references	total cyclomatic complexity	Unreached complexity
gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto::ByteSizeLong()const	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc	1	['class.gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto *']	8	0	140	10	4	231	0	289	237
gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto::GifProto(gifProtoFuzzer::GifProtoconst&)	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc	2	['class.gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto *', 'class.gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto *']	4	0	317	46	38	85	0	207	151
gifProtoFuzzer::BasicChunk::BasicChunk(gifProtoFuzzer::BasicChunkconst&)	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc	2	['class.gifProtoFuzzer::BasicChunk *', 'class.gifProtoFuzzer::BasicChunk *']	4	0	311	45	38	81	0	203	122
gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto::IsInitialized()const	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc	1	['class.gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto *']	6	0	102	23	10	101	0	173	115
gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto::_InternalParse(charconst*,google::protobuf::internal::ParseContext*)	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc	3	['class.gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto *', 'char *', 'class.google::protobuf::internal::ParseContext *']	12	0	332	62	20	103	0	143	104
gifProtoFuzzer::ImageChunk::ImageChunk(gifProtoFuzzer::ImageChunkconst&)	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc	2	['class.gifProtoFuzzer::ImageChunk *', 'class.gifProtoFuzzer::ImageChunk *']	4	0	243	41	27	109	0	164	85
gifProtoFuzzer::BasicChunk::CopyFrom(gifProtoFuzzer::BasicChunkconst&)	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc	2	['class.gifProtoFuzzer::BasicChunk *', 'class.gifProtoFuzzer::BasicChunk *']	4	0	32	6	3	74	0	102	74
gifProtoFuzzer::ImageData::_InternalParse(charconst*,google::protobuf::internal::ParseContext*)	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc	3	['class.gifProtoFuzzer::ImageData *', 'char *', 'class.google::protobuf::internal::ParseContext *']	6	0	245	44	14	96	0	132	54
gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto::CopyFrom(gifProtoFuzzer::GifProtoconst&)	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc	2	['class.gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto *', 'class.gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto *']	4	0	32	6	3	82	0	112	50
gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto::_InternalSerialize(unsignedchar*,google::protobuf::io::EpsCopyOutputStream*)const	/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc	3	['class.gifProtoFuzzer::GifProto *', 'char *', 'class.google::protobuf::io::EpsCopyOutputStream *']	3	0	226	25	9	46	0	56	37

Implementing fuzzers that target the above functions will improve reachability such that it becomes:

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers

430/832

Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers

1832 / 3280

All functions overview

If you implement fuzzers for these functions, the status of all functions in the project will be:

Func name	Functions filename	Args	Function call depth	Reached by Fuzzers	Fuzzers runtime hit	Func lines hit %	I Count	BB Count	Cyclomatic complexity	Functions reached	Reached by functions	Accumulated cyclomatic complexity	Undiscovered complexity

This section shows analysis of runtime coverage data.

For futher technical details on how this section is generated, please see the Glossary .

Complex functions with low coverage

Func name	Function total lines	Lines covered at runtime	percentage covered	Reached by fuzzers
rgb_to_gif(unsignedcharconst*,unsignedlong)	86	39	45.34%	['egif_target']
EGifPutImageDesc	64	29	45.31%	['egif_target']

This section shows which files and directories are considered in this report. The main reason for showing this is fuzz introspector may include more code in the reasoning than is desired. This section helps identify if too many files/directories are included, e.g. third party code, which may be irrelevant for the threat model. In the event too much is included, fuzz introspector supports a configuration file that can exclude data from the report. See the following link for more information on how to create a config file: link

Files in report

Source file	Reached by	Covered by
	[]	[]
/src/giflib-code/qprintf.c	['egif_target']	[]
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h	['dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_protobuf_target']
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/stubs/port.h	[]	[]
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/message.h	['dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_protobuf_target']
/src/egif_fuzz_common.cc	['egif_target']	['egif_target']
/src/dgif_protobuf_target.cc	['dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_protobuf_target']
/src/giflib-code/gifalloc.c	['dgif_target', 'egif_target', 'dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_target', 'egif_target', 'dgif_protobuf_target']
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h	['dgif_protobuf_target']	[]
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/has_bits.h	[]	[]
/src/giflib-code/quantize.c	['egif_target']	['egif_target']
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/arena_impl.h	[]	[]
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/generated_message_bases.h	[]	[]
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/parse_context.h	[]	[]
/src/egif_target.cc	['egif_target']	['egif_target']
/src/giflib-code/gif_font.c	[]	[]
/src/giflib-code/openbsd-reallocarray.c	['dgif_target', 'dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_target', 'dgif_protobuf_target']
/usr/local/bin/../include/c++/v1/stdexcept	[]	[]
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h	[]	[]
/src/giflib-code/dgif_lib.c	['dgif_target', 'dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_target', 'dgif_protobuf_target']
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/repeated_ptr_field.h	['dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_protobuf_target']
/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.cc	['dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_protobuf_target']
/usr/local/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h	['dgif_protobuf_target']	[]
/src/./ProtoToGif.h	['dgif_protobuf_target']	[]
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/message_lite.h	['dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_protobuf_target']
/src/dgif_target.cc	['dgif_target']	['dgif_target']
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h	[]	[]
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h	[]	[]
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/arena.h	['dgif_protobuf_target']	[]
/usr/local/bin/../include/c++/v1/iosfwd	[]	[]
/src/dgif_fuzz_common.cc	['dgif_target', 'dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_target', 'dgif_protobuf_target']
/src/giflib-code/gif_hash.c	['egif_target']	['egif_target']
/src/giflib-code/gif_err.c	['egif_target']	[]
/src/ProtoToGif.cpp	['dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_protobuf_target']
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h	[]	[]
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/arenastring.h	['dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_protobuf_target']
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/endian.h	[]	[]
/src/genfiles/gif_fuzz_proto.pb.h	['dgif_protobuf_target']	['dgif_protobuf_target']
/src/giflib-code/egif_lib.c	['egif_target']	['egif_target']

Directories in report

Directory
/src/./
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/io/
/usr/local/bin/../include/c++/v1/
/src/
/src/giflib-code/
/src/genfiles/
/src/LPM/external.protobuf/include/google/protobuf/stubs/

This section shows a chosen list of functions / methods calls and their relative coverage information. By static analysis of the target project code, all of these function call and their caller information, including the source file or class and line number that initiate the call are captured. Column 1 is the function name of that selected functions or methods. Column 2 of each row indicate if the target function covered by any fuzzer calltree information. Column 3 lists all fuzzers (or no fuzzers at all) that have coered that particular function call dynamically. Column 4 shows list of parent function for the specific function call, while column 5 shows possible blocker functions that make the fuzzers fail to reach the specific functions. Both column 4 and 5 will only show information if none of the fuzzers cover the target function calls.

Function in each files in report

Target sink	Callsite location	Reached by fuzzer	Function call path	Covered by fuzzer	Possible branch blockers