Fuzz introspector
For issues and ideas: https://github.com/ossf/fuzz-introspector/issues
Report generation date: 2025-11-24

Project overview: gitpython

High level conclusions

Reachability and coverage overview

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers
8.0%
55 / 662
Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers
10.0%
233 / 2336
Runtime code coverage of functions
51.0%
336 / 662

Warning: The number of runtime covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that Fuzz Introspector found there are more functions covered at runtime than what is considered reachable based on the static analysis. This is a limitation in the analysis as anything covered at runtime is by definition reachable by the fuzzers.
This is likely due to a limitation in the static analysis. In this case, the count of functions covered at runtime is the true value, which means this is what should be considered "achieved" by the fuzzer.

Use the project functions table below to query all functions that were not covered at runtime.

Project functions overview

The following table shows data about each function in the project. The functions included in this table correspond to all functions that exist in the executables of the fuzzers. As such, there may be functions that are from third-party libraries.

For further technical details on the meaning of columns in the below table, please see the Glossary .

Func name Functions filename Args Function call depth Reached by Fuzzers Runtime reached by Fuzzers Combined reached by Fuzzers Fuzzers runtime hit Func lines hit % I Count BB Count Cyclomatic complexity Functions reached Reached by functions Accumulated cyclomatic complexity Undiscovered complexity

Fuzzer details

Fuzzer: fuzz_submodule

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 128 57.6%
gold [1:9] 0 0.0%
yellow [10:29] 0 0.0%
greenyellow [30:49] 0 0.0%
lawngreen 50+ 94 42.3%
All colors 222 100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked Calltree index Parent function Callsite Largest blocked function
44 177 ...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_submodule.TestOneInput call site: 00177 ...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_submodule.sanitize_input
34 22 git.util.is_cygwin_git call site: 00022 git.util._is_cygwin_git
14 101 git.config.GitConfigParser.__init__ call site: 00101 git.config.get_config_path
6 73 git.repo.fun.is_git_dir call site: 00073 os.path.join
6 143 git.repo.base.Repo.__init__ call site: 00143 git.repo.fun.find_worktree_git_dir
3 94 git.repo.base.Repo._get_config_path call site: 00094 git.types.assert_never
3 137 git.repo.fun.find_submodule_git_dir call site: 00137 os.path.dirname
3 167 ...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_submodule.TestOneInput call site: 00167 ...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_submodule.sanitize_input
2 82 git.repo.base.Repo.__init__ call site: 00082 git.repo.base.Repo._get_config_path
2 126 git.repo.base.Repo.__init__ call site: 00126 configparser.RawConfigParser.get
1 5 git.util.expand_path call site: 00005 p.resolve
1 11 git.repo.base.Repo.init call site: 00011 os.makedirs

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
388
Functions that are reachable but not covered
90
Reachable functions
113
Percentage of reachable functions covered
20.35%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
/ 1
...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_submodule 32
git.repo.base 37
git.util 36
git.cmd 3
git.repo.fun 20
git.config 15
git.db 1

Fuzzer: fuzz_diff

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 241 69.2%
gold [1:9] 0 0.0%
yellow [10:29] 0 0.0%
greenyellow [30:49] 0 0.0%
lawngreen 50+ 107 30.7%
All colors 348 100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked Calltree index Parent function Callsite Largest blocked function
67 226 ...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_diff.TestOneInput call site: 00226 git.diff.Diff._index_from_patch_format
34 49 git.util.is_cygwin_git call site: 00049 git.util._is_cygwin_git
28 5 git.util.expand_path call site: 00005 subprocess.Popen.tree.object.resolve
25 297 git.util.finalize_process call site: 00297 git.diff.Diff.__init__
24 323 ...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_diff.BytesProcessAdapter.__init__ call site: 00323 git.diff.Diff._handle_diff_line
14 128 git.config.GitConfigParser.__init__ call site: 00128 git.config.get_config_path
8 206 git.objects.base.IndexObject.__init__ call site: 00206 git.objects.base.IndexObject.__init__
6 100 git.repo.fun.is_git_dir call site: 00100 os.path.join
6 170 git.repo.base.Repo.__init__ call site: 00170 git.repo.fun.find_worktree_git_dir
5 217 ...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_diff.TestOneInput call site: 00217 fdp.ConsumeBytes
3 121 git.repo.base.Repo._get_config_path call site: 00121 git.types.assert_never
3 164 git.repo.fun.find_submodule_git_dir call site: 00164 os.path.dirname

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
389
Functions that are reachable but not covered
163
Reachable functions
197
Percentage of reachable functions covered
17.26%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
/ 1
...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_diff 15
git.repo.base 37
git.util 82
git.cmd 22
git.repo.fun 20
git.config 15
git.db 1
git.diff 41
git.objects.util 4
git.objects.base 1

Fuzzer: fuzz_config

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 21 12.2%
gold [1:9] 0 0.0%
yellow [10:29] 0 0.0%
greenyellow [30:49] 0 0.0%
lawngreen 50+ 151 87.7%
All colors 172 100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked Calltree index Parent function Callsite Largest blocked function
15 142 git.config.GitConfigParser._included_paths call site: 00142 git.config.GitConfigParser.items
4 162 git.config.GitConfigParser.read call site: 00162 typing.cast
1 1 ...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_config.TestOneInput call site: 00001 git.config.GitConfigParser.read
1 170 git.config.GitConfigParser.read call site: 00170 .str

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
388
Functions that are reachable but not covered
144
Reachable functions
151
Percentage of reachable functions covered
4.64%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
/ 1
...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_config 3
git.config 148

Fuzzer: fuzz_blob

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 0 0.0%
gold [1:9] 0 0.0%
yellow [10:29] 0 0.0%
greenyellow [30:49] 0 0.0%
lawngreen 50+ 82 100.%
All colors 82 100

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
389
Functions that are reachable but not covered
81
Reachable functions
81
Percentage of reachable functions covered
0.0%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
/ 1
...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_blob 80

Fuzzer: fuzz_repo

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 5 1.00%
gold [1:9] 0 0.0%
yellow [10:29] 0 0.0%
greenyellow [30:49] 0 0.0%
lawngreen 50+ 493 98.9%
All colors 498 100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked Calltree index Parent function Callsite Largest blocked function
4 238 ...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_repo.TestOneInput call site: 00238 os.path.join
1 0 EP call site: 00000 atheris.FuzzedDataProvider

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
389
Functions that are reachable but not covered
491
Reachable functions
494
Percentage of reachable functions covered
0.61%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
/ 1
...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_repo 250
git.objects.tree 2
git.objects.fun 4
git.compat 237

Fuzz engine guidance

This sections provides heuristics that can be used as input to a fuzz engine when running a given fuzz target. The current focus is on providing input that is usable by libFuzzer.

/src/gitpython/fuzzing/fuzz-targets/fuzz_submodule.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag


Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_submodule.TestOneInput', 'git.util.is_cygwin_git', 'git.config.GitConfigParser.__init__', 'git.repo.fun.is_git_dir', 'git.repo.base.Repo.__init__', 'git.repo.base.Repo._get_config_path', 'git.repo.fun.find_submodule_git_dir']

/src/gitpython/fuzzing/fuzz-targets/fuzz_diff.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag


Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_diff.TestOneInput', 'git.util.is_cygwin_git', 'git.util.expand_path', 'git.util.finalize_process', '...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_diff.BytesProcessAdapter.__init__', 'git.config.GitConfigParser.__init__', 'git.objects.base.IndexObject.__init__', 'git.repo.fun.is_git_dir', 'git.repo.base.Repo.__init__']

/src/gitpython/fuzzing/fuzz-targets/fuzz_config.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag


Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['git.config.GitConfigParser._included_paths', 'git.config.GitConfigParser.read', '...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_config.TestOneInput']

/src/gitpython/fuzzing/fuzz-targets/fuzz_blob.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag


/src/gitpython/fuzzing/fuzz-targets/fuzz_repo.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag


Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_repo.TestOneInput']

Runtime coverage analysis

This section shows analysis of runtime coverage data.

For futher technical details on how this section is generated, please see the Glossary .

Complex functions with low coverage

Func name Function total lines Lines covered at runtime percentage covered Reached by fuzzers
s.encode 67 32 47.76% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.repo.base.Repo.blame_incremental 39 0 0.0% []
git.repo.base.Repo.blame 75 0 0.0% []
repo.commit 39 17 43.58% ['fuzz_submodule']
e.append 64 29 45.31% ['fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo', 'fuzz_submodule']
git.objects.submodule 39 20 51.28% ['fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_repo', 'fuzz_submodule']
git.cmd.handle_process_output.pump_stream 51 2 3.921% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.cmd.Git.refresh 35 12 34.28% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.cmd.Git.execute.communicate 34 16 47.05% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.remote.PushInfo._from_line 32 0 0.0% []
git.remote.FetchInfo._from_line 56 0 0.0% []
git.remote.Remote._get_fetch_info_from_stderr 39 0 0.0% []
git.index.base.IndexFile.checkout.handle_stderr 49 0 0.0% []
git.objects.util.parse_date 46 2 4.347% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.objects.commit.Commit._deserialize 55 28 50.90% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.util.RemoteProgress._parse_progress_line 44 0 0.0% ['fuzz_diff']
git.repo.fun.rev_parse 100 22 22.0% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
ref.set_reference 45 10 22.22% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.objects.submodule.root.RootModule.update 104 0 0.0% []
stream.close 300 141 47.0% ['fuzz_config', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_repo', 'fuzz_submodule']
buf.find 70 16 22.85% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.config.GitConfigParser._included_paths 33 8 24.24% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.objects.submodule.base.Submodule.add 56 30 53.57% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.objects.submodule.base.Submodule.update 97 13 13.40% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.objects.submodule.base.Submodule.move 49 0 0.0% []
git.objects.submodule.base.Submodule.remove 60 0 0.0% []
f.readline 56 20 35.71% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.index.fun.aggressive_tree_merge 36 0 0.0% []
git.diff.Diffable.diff 39 5 12.82% ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_blob', 'fuzz_config', 'fuzz_repo']
git.diff.Diff.__str__ 33 0 0.0% ['fuzz_diff']
git.diff.Diff._handle_diff_line 39 0 0.0% ['fuzz_diff']

Files and Directories in report

This section shows which files and directories are considered in this report. The main reason for showing this is fuzz introspector may include more code in the reasoning than is desired. This section helps identify if too many files/directories are included, e.g. third party code, which may be irrelevant for the threat model. In the event too much is included, fuzz introspector supports a configuration file that can exclude data from the report. See the following link for more information on how to create a config file: link

Files in report

Source file Reached by Covered by
[] []
git.index.typ [] []
git.compat ['fuzz_repo'] []
itertools [] []
textwrap [] []
git.refs.symbolic [] []
binascii [] []
mimetypes [] []
git.objects.fun ['fuzz_repo'] []
git.objects.blob [] []
git.cmd ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff'] []
shutil [] []
git.objects.tree ['fuzz_repo'] []
git.exc [] []
contextlib [] []
git.diff ['fuzz_diff'] []
time [] []
git.objects.util ['fuzz_diff'] []
git [] []
sys [] []
git.index.util [] []
gitdb [] []
urllib [] []
utils [] []
git.config ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff', 'fuzz_config'] []
tempfile [] []
git.util ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff'] []
importlib [] []
git.repo [] []
fnmatch [] []
atheris [] []
git.repo.base ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff'] []
typing_extensions [] []
git.objects.base ['fuzz_diff'] []
io [] []
git.remote [] []
re [] []
git.index [] []
uuid [] []
struct [] []
git.types [] []
...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_diff ['fuzz_diff'] []
inspect [] []
locale [] []
git.objects.submodule.base [] []
warnings [] []
git.objects.tag [] []
enum [] []
os [] []
threading [] []
...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_submodule ['fuzz_submodule'] []
datetime [] []
glob [] []
git.refs.log [] []
stat [] []
git.repo.fun ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff'] []
shlex [] []
collections [] []
git.index.fun [] []
git.refs.reference [] []
git.objects.submodule.util [] []
git.objects.submodule [] []
gc [] []
pathlib [] []
weakref [] []
...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_repo ['fuzz_repo'] []
calendar [] []
git.index.base [] []
git.refs.tag [] []
git.objects.submodule.root [] []
git.refs.head [] []
...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_blob ['fuzz_blob'] []
logging [] []
typing [] []
git.refs [] []
subprocess [] []
git.objects.commit [] []
git.refs.remote [] []
configparser [] []
functools [] []
git.db ['fuzz_submodule', 'fuzz_diff'] []
...gitpython.fuzzing.fuzz-targets.fuzz_config ['fuzz_config'] []
getpass [] []
[] []
platform [] []
git.objects [] []

Directories in report

Directory