Fuzz introspector
For issues and ideas: https://github.com/ossf/fuzz-introspector/issues

Fuzzer details

Fuzzer: fuzz_read

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 146 86.9%
gold [1:9] 0 0.0%
yellow [10:29] 0 0.0%
greenyellow [30:49] 0 0.0%
lawngreen 50+ 22 13.0%
All colors 168 100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked Calltree index Parent function Callsite Largest blocked function
84 40 imageio.core.fetching.get_remote_file call site: 00040 imageio.core.fetching._fetch_file
16 151 imageio.core.imopen.imopen call site: 00151 imageio.core.request.Request.__init__
9 128 imageio.core.request.Request.__init__ call site: 00128 imageio.core.request.Request.finish
8 3 ...imageio.tests.fuzzers.fuzz_read.TestOneInput call site: 00003 imageio.v2.imread
6 12 imageio.v2.decypher_format_arg call site: 00012 imageio.core.imopen.imopen
6 23 imageio.core.request.Request._parse_uri call site: 00023 imageio.core.fetching.get_remote_file
6 30 imageio.core.fetching.get_remote_file call site: 00030 resource_dirs.insert
3 19 imageio.core.imopen.imopen call site: 00019 imageio.core.request.Request.__init__
3 141 imageio.core.request.Request.finish call site: 00141 imageio.core.request.SeekableFileObject.close
2 125 imageio.core.request.Request.__init__ call site: 00125 pathlib.Path
2 148 imageio.core.request.Request.finish call site: 00148 imageio.core.imopen.imopen.loader
1 146 imageio.core.request.Request.finish call site: 00146 os.remove

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
214
Functions that are reachable but not covered
77
Reachable functions
87
Percentage of reachable functions covered
11.49%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
/ 1
...imageio.tests.fuzzers.fuzz_read 4
imageio 2
imageio.v2 7
imageio.core.imopen 13
imageio.core.request 34
imageio.core.fetching 43

Analyses and suggestions

Optimal target analysis

Remaining optimal interesting functions

The following table shows a list of functions that are optimal targets. Optimal targets are identified by finding the functions that in combination, yield a high code coverage.

Func name Functions filename Arg count Args Function depth hitcount instr count bb count cyclomatic complexity Reachable functions Incoming references total cyclomatic complexity Unreached complexity
imageio.plugins._tifffile.main imageio.plugins._tifffile 1 ['N/A'] 6 0 36 26 13 205 1 740 704
imageio.plugins.tifffile.TiffFormat.Writer._append_data imageio.plugins.tifffile 3 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 3 0 1 2 4 84 0 328 249
imageio.plugins.freeimagemulti.FreeimageMulti.Writer._append_data imageio.plugins.freeimagemulti 3 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 3 0 3 2 4 63 0 207 186
imageio.plugins._bsdf.load imageio.plugins._bsdf 3 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 12 0 1 2 4 59 0 215 176
imageio.plugins._swf.write_swf imageio.plugins._swf 4 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 8 0 6 3 4 56 0 181 133
imageio.plugins._dicom.process_directory imageio.plugins._dicom 3 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 4 0 12 4 5 54 0 183 123
imageio.plugins.pillowmulti.GIFFormat.Writer._append_data imageio.plugins.pillowmulti 3 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 4 0 1 2 4 48 0 159 100

Implementing fuzzers that target the above functions will improve reachability such that it becomes:

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers
16.0%
167 / 1062
Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers
20.0%
811 / 3964

All functions overview

If you implement fuzzers for these functions, the status of all functions in the project will be:

Func name Functions filename Args Function call depth Reached by Fuzzers Fuzzers runtime hit Func lines hit % I Count BB Count Cyclomatic complexity Functions reached Reached by functions Accumulated cyclomatic complexity Undiscovered complexity

Runtime coverage analysis

This section shows analysis of runtime coverage data.

For futher technical details on how this section is generated, please see the Glossary .

Complex functions with low coverage

Func name Function total lines Lines covered at runtime percentage covered Reached by fuzzers
imageio.core.findlib.load_lib 44 20 45.45% []
ctypes.c_uint8.from_address 55 7 12.72% []
imageio.core.fetching.get_remote_file 39 5 12.82% ['fuzz_read']
imageio.plugins._freeimage.FIBaseBitmap.get_meta_data 31 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._freeimage.FIBaseBitmap.set_meta_data.get_tag_type_number 41 2 4.878% []
imageio.plugins._freeimage.FIBitmap._get_type_and_shape 34 0 0.0% []
array.view 32 9 28.12% []
imageio.core.imopen.imopen.loader 86 14 16.27% ['fuzz_read']
imageio.core.request.Request._parse_uri 110 31 28.18% ['fuzz_read']
imageio.core.util.image_as_uint 41 2 4.878% []
imageio.core.util.appdata_dir 32 17 53.12% []
pkg_resources.resource_filename 1643 25 1.521% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffWriter.__init__ 60 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffWriter.save 108 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffWriter.save.compress 127 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffWriter.save.addtag 43 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffWriter.save.rational 212 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffWriter._write_remaining_pages.pack 62 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffFile.__init__ 55 15 27.27% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffFile.asarray 50 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffFile._generic_series 32 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffFile._shaped_series.append_series 63 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffFile._imagej_series.is_hyperstack 44 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffFile._ome_series 142 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffFile._lsm_fix_strip_offsets 36 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffPages._seek 47 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffPage.__init__ 148 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffPage.asarray 75 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffPage.asarray.unpack 65 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffPage.asrgb 39 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffPage.__str__ 34 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffPage.geotiff_tags 48 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffFrame.__init__ 33 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TiffTag.__init__ 50 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.FileHandle.open 57 25 43.85% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.TIFF.COMPRESSION 49 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.read_tags 82 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.read_uic_tag.read_int 62 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.read_lsm_scaninfo 36 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.read_cz_sem 33 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.read_micromanager_metadata 34 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.fluoview_description_metadata 47 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.decode_lzw.next_code 50 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.unpack_ints 43 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.matlabstr2py.value 45 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.matlabstr2py.parse 34 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.hexdump 56 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.pformat 31 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.snipstr 39 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.lsm2bin 43 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.imshow 102 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.main 55 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins._tifffile.main.notnone 61 1 1.639% []
info.extend 40 10 25.0% []
c.match 414 24 5.797% []
imageio.plugins.dicom.DicomFormat.Reader._open 38 0 0.0% []
char.lower 194 11 5.670% []
imageio.plugins.pillow.PillowPlugin.__init__ 33 17 51.51% []
imageio.plugins.pillow.PillowPlugin.write 37 0 0.0% []
PIL.Image.frombytes 1727 417 24.14% []
PIL.ImageSequence.Iterator 37 10 27.02% []
PIL.GifImagePlugin.getdata 658 69 10.48% []
imageio.plugins.pillow_legacy.pil_get_frame 52 0 0.0% []
dtype.replace 178 20 11.23% []
imageio.plugins.rawpy.RawPyPlugin.metadata 37 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins.swf.SWFFormat.Reader._open 38 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins.spe.SpePlugin._metadata_pre_v3 31 0 0.0% []
x.split 239 60 25.10% []
imageio.plugins.pyav.PyAVPlugin.__init__ 31 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins.pyav.PyAVPlugin.write_frame 34 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins.lytro.LytroLfrFormat.Reader._open 38 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins.ffmpeg.FfmpegFormat.Reader._open 64 0 0.0% []
imageio.plugins.ffmpeg.FfmpegFormat.Reader._initialize 40 0 0.0% []
map.get 101 19 18.81% []

Files and Directories in report

This section shows which files and directories are considered in this report. The main reason for showing this is fuzz introspector may include more code in the reasoning than is desired. This section helps identify if too many files/directories are included, e.g. third party code, which may be irrelevant for the threat model. In the event too much is included, fuzz introspector supports a configuration file that can exclude data from the report. See the following link for more information on how to create a config file: link

Files in report

Source file Reached by Covered by
[] []
imageio.plugins.dicom [] []
Array [] []
imageio.plugins.pillow_info [] []
imageio.testing [] []
imageio.plugins.spe [] []
fractions [] []
imageio.plugins.pillow [] []
io [] []
imageio.plugins._swf [] []
glob [] []
imageio.plugins.example [] []
threading [] []
urlopen [] []
multiprocessing [] []
doctest [] []
imageio.v3 [] []
imageio.core.v3_plugin_api [] []
pytest [] []
resource_dirs [] []
numpy [] []
av [] []
imageio_ffmpeg [] []
os [] []
tkinter [] []
imageio.config [] []
time [] []
imageio.config.plugins [] []
imageio.config.extensions [] []
imageio.plugins.ffmpeg [] []
imageio.core.format [] []
imageio.typing [] []
bsdf_cli [] []
ctypes [] []
imageio.plugins.feisem [] []
pkg_resources [] []
imageio.core.imopen ['fuzz_read'] []
binascii [] []
pillow_heif [] []
pathlib [] []
PIL [] []
optparse [] []
json [] []
tempfile [] []
imageio.freeze [] []
pprint [] []
imageio.plugins.pillowmulti [] []
imageio.plugins.tifffile_v3 [] []
bz2 [] []
typing [] []
imageio.plugins.tifffile [] []
rawpy [] []
contextlib [] []
re [] []
enum [] []
imageio.plugins.gdal [] []
imagecodecs [] []
imageio.plugins._bsdf [] []
imageio.plugins.pyav [] []
importlib [] []
imageio.plugins.simpleitk [] []
argparse [] []
gc [] []
imageio.plugins.grab [] []
cv2 [] []
imageio.plugins._freeimage [] []
platform [] []
zipfile [] []
imageio.v2 ['fuzz_read'] []
imageio.plugins.swf [] []
tkFileDialog [] []
imageio.plugins.freeimage [] []
[] []
datetime [] []
imageio.plugins._dicom [] []
imageio.core [] []
math [] []
imageio.core.fetching ['fuzz_read'] []
atheris [] []
Tkinter [] []
appdata_dir [] []
backports [] []
struct [] []
imageio.plugins.npz [] []
imageio.core.legacy_plugin_wrapper [] []
xml [] []
imageio.plugins [] []
hashlib [] []
logging [] []
faulthandler [] []
sys [] []
...imageio.tests.fuzzers.fuzz_read ['fuzz_read'] []
imageio.plugins._tifffile [] []
imageio.plugins.opencv [] []
asarray [] []
imageio.plugins.rawpy [] []
matplotlib [] []
imageio.__main__ [] []
subprocess [] []
lzma [] []
imageio.core.request ['fuzz_read'] []
imageio.core.util [] []
warnings [] []
imageio.plugins.lytro [] []
imageio.plugins.fits [] []
imageio.plugins.bsdf [] []
shutil [] []
urllib [] []
StdoutProgressIndicator [] []
imageio ['fuzz_read'] []
lxml [] []
tifffile [] []
collections [] []
imp [] []
zlib [] []
imageio.plugins.freeimagemulti [] []
imageio.core.findlib [] []
imageio.plugins.pillow_legacy [] []

Directories in report

Directory