Fuzz introspector
For issues and ideas: https://github.com/ossf/fuzz-introspector/issues

Project functions overview

The following table shows data about each function in the project. The functions included in this table correspond to all functions that exist in the executables of the fuzzers. As such, there may be functions that are from third-party libraries.

For further technical details on the meaning of columns in the below table, please see the Glossary .

Func name Functions filename Args Function call depth Reached by Fuzzers Runtime reached by Fuzzers Combined reached by Fuzzers Fuzzers runtime hit Func lines hit % I Count BB Count Cyclomatic complexity Functions reached Reached by functions Accumulated cyclomatic complexity Undiscovered complexity

Fuzzer details

Fuzzer: fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 49 61.2%
gold [1:9] 0 0.0%
yellow [10:29] 0 0.0%
greenyellow [30:49] 0 0.0%
lawngreen 50+ 31 38.7%
All colors 80 100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked Calltree index Parent function Callsite Largest blocked function
21 58 model_signing.manifest.Manifest.resource_descriptors call site: 00058 model_signing.verifying.Config._get_manifest_diff
10 0 EP call site: 00000 atheris.FuzzedDataProvider
5 22 ...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key.TestOneInput call site: 00022 model_signing._signing.sign_sigstore.Signature.read
4 38 model_signing.manifest.SerializationType.from_args call site: 00038 bytes.fromhex
3 53 model_signing.verifying.Config.verify call site: 00053 model_signing.manifest.Manifest.resource_descriptors
2 35 model_signing._signing.signing.Verifier.verify call site: 00035 model_signing._signing.signing.dsse_payload_to_manifest_compat
1 12 ...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key.TestOneInput call site: 00012 os.path.join
1 14 ...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key.TestOneInput call site: 00014 f.write
1 19 model_signing.verifying.Config.use_elliptic_key_verifier call site: 00019 public_key_path.read_bytes
1 32 model_signing._signing.signing.Verifier.verify call site: 00032 typing.cast

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
368
Functions that are reachable but not covered
33
Reachable functions
50
Percentage of reachable functions covered
34.0%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
/ 1
...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key 12
model_signing.verifying 14
model_signing._signing.sign_ec_key 2
model_signing._signing.sign_sigstore 4
model_signing._signing.signing 14
model_signing.manifest 3
model_signing._hashing.memory 1

Fuzzer: fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 37 48.0%
gold [1:9] 0 0.0%
yellow [10:29] 0 0.0%
greenyellow [30:49] 0 0.0%
lawngreen 50+ 40 51.9%
All colors 77 100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked Calltree index Parent function Callsite Largest blocked function
21 55 model_signing.manifest.Manifest.resource_descriptors call site: 00055 model_signing.verifying.Config._get_manifest_diff
5 20 ...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key.TestOneInput call site: 00020 model_signing._signing.sign_sigstore.Signature.read
4 35 model_signing.manifest.SerializationType.from_args call site: 00035 bytes.fromhex
3 50 model_signing.verifying.Config.verify call site: 00050 model_signing.manifest.Manifest.resource_descriptors
2 32 model_signing._signing.signing.Verifier.verify call site: 00032 model_signing._signing.signing.dsse_payload_to_manifest_compat
1 17 model_signing.verifying.Config.use_elliptic_key_verifier call site: 00017 public_key_path.read_bytes
1 29 model_signing._signing.signing.Verifier.verify call site: 00029 typing.cast

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
368
Functions that are reachable but not covered
32
Reachable functions
50
Percentage of reachable functions covered
36.0%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
/ 1
...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key 14
model_signing.verifying 14
model_signing._signing.sign_ec_key 2
model_signing._signing.sign_sigstore 4
model_signing._signing.signing 13
model_signing.manifest 3
model_signing._hashing.memory 1

Fuzzer: fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 9 52.9%
gold [1:9] 0 0.0%
yellow [10:29] 0 0.0%
greenyellow [30:49] 0 0.0%
lawngreen 50+ 8 47.0%
All colors 17 100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked Calltree index Parent function Callsite Largest blocked function
3 7 ...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key.TestOneInput call site: 00007 .open
2 1 ...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key.TestOneInput call site: 00001 fdp.ConsumeIntInRange
2 4 ...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key.TestOneInput call site: 00004 tempfile.TemporaryDirectory
1 13 ...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key.TestOneInput call site: 00013 os.path.join
1 15 ...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key.TestOneInput call site: 00015 signer.sign

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
367
Functions that are reachable but not covered
11
Reachable functions
11
Percentage of reachable functions covered
0.0%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
/ 1
...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key 10

Analyses and suggestions

Optimal target analysis

Remaining optimal interesting functions

The following table shows a list of functions that are optimal targets. Optimal targets are identified by finding the functions that in combination, yield a high code coverage.

Func name Functions filename Arg count Args Function depth hitcount instr count bb count cyclomatic complexity Reachable functions Incoming references total cyclomatic complexity Unreached complexity
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.ssh.SSHCertificateBuilder.sign cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.ssh 2 ['N/A', 'N/A'] 6 0 37 11 7 52 0 174 165
model_signing._serialization.file_shard.Serializer.serialize model_signing._serialization.file_shard 4 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 4 0 5 5 5 40 2 128 110
model_signing._signing.pkcs11uri.Pkcs11URI.login model_signing._signing.pkcs11uri 1 ['N/A'] 4 0 2 4 5 31 2 108 96
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.ssh.load_ssh_private_key cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.ssh 4 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 4 0 12 15 9 35 0 116 82
cryptography.fernet.Fernet._decrypt_data cryptography.fernet 4 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 4 0 1 3 4 25 2 81 50
model_signing._signing.pkcs11uri.Pkcs11URI.parse model_signing._signing.pkcs11uri 2 ['N/A', 'N/A'] 3 0 5 5 5 17 2 59 43
cryptography.x509.name._RFC4514NameParser._parse_na cryptography.x509.name 1 ['N/A'] 4 0 1 2 4 13 3 43 37
model_signing._signing.sign_certificate.Verifier._verify_certificates model_signing._signing.sign_certificate 3 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 3 0 5 4 5 10 2 35 35

Implementing fuzzers that target the above functions will improve reachability such that it becomes:

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers
8.0%
91 / 1114
Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers
9.0%
327 / 3564

All functions overview

If you implement fuzzers for these functions, the status of all functions in the project will be:

Func name Functions filename Args Function call depth Reached by Fuzzers Runtime reached by Fuzzers Combined reached by Fuzzers Fuzzers runtime hit Func lines hit % I Count BB Count Cyclomatic complexity Functions reached Reached by functions Accumulated cyclomatic complexity Undiscovered complexity

Fuzz engine guidance

This sections provides heuristics that can be used as input to a fuzz engine when running a given fuzz target. The current focus is on providing input that is usable by libFuzzer.

/src/model-transparency/tests/fuzzing/fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag


Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['model_signing.manifest.Manifest.resource_descriptors', '...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key.TestOneInput', 'model_signing.manifest.SerializationType.from_args', 'model_signing.verifying.Config.verify', 'model_signing._signing.signing.Verifier.verify', 'model_signing.verifying.Config.use_elliptic_key_verifier']

/src/model-transparency/tests/fuzzing/fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag


Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['model_signing.manifest.Manifest.resource_descriptors', '...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key.TestOneInput', 'model_signing.manifest.SerializationType.from_args', 'model_signing.verifying.Config.verify', 'model_signing._signing.signing.Verifier.verify', 'model_signing.verifying.Config.use_elliptic_key_verifier']

/src/model-transparency/tests/fuzzing/fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag


Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key.TestOneInput']

Runtime coverage analysis

This section shows analysis of runtime coverage data.

For futher technical details on how this section is generated, please see the Glossary .

Complex functions with low coverage

Func name Function total lines Lines covered at runtime percentage covered Reached by fuzzers
os.path.isdir 290 131 45.17% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
signer.sign_dsse 84 30 35.71% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.ssh.load_ssh_private_key 68 0 0.0% []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.ssh._serialize_ssh_private_key 52 5 9.615% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.ssh._load_ssh_public_identity 56 0 0.0% []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.ssh.SSHCertificateBuilder.sign 85 0 0.0% []
re.match 2168 465 21.44% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
val.to_bytes 91 38 41.75% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
point.tobytes 95 43 45.26% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
typing_extensions.override 1709 555 32.47% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
OpenSSL.crypto.X509StoreContext 880 207 23.52% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
resources.append 1640 2 0.121% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
statement.Statement 31 13 41.93% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
google.protobuf.json_format.MessageToJson 492 133 27.03% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
asn1crypto.keys.PublicKeyInfo.dump 350 177 50.57% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
hash.finalize 73 27 36.98% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
i.isdigit 141 16 11.34% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
p.is_absolute 46 21 45.65% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']
r.pop 109 13 11.92% ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key']

Files and Directories in report

This section shows which files and directories are considered in this report. The main reason for showing this is fuzz introspector may include more code in the reasoning than is desired. This section helps identify if too many files/directories are included, e.g. third party code, which may be irrelevant for the threat model. In the event too much is included, fuzz introspector supports a configuration file that can exclude data from the report. See the following link for more information on how to create a config file: link

Files in report

Source file Reached by Covered by
[] []
cryptography.exceptions [] []
cryptography.hazmat._oid [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12 [] []
cryptography [] []
itertools [] []
cryptography.x509.general_name [] []
asn1crypto [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x25519 [] []
cryptography.__about__ [] []
model_signing._hashing.io [] []
atexit [] []
model_signing._serialization.serialization [] []
sigstore_protobuf_specs [] []
...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key'] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor.hotp [] []
cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers [] []
glob [] []
cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms [] []
model_signing._signing.sign_pkcs11 [] []
model_signing.verifying ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key'] []
hashlib [] []
cryptography.x509 [] []
sys [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes [] []
cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency [] []
cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend [] []
base64 [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.scrypt [] []
warnings [] []
urllib [] []
model_signing._serialization [] []
threading [] []
cryptography.x509.base [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor.totp [] []
cryptography.hazmat [] []
re [] []
typing [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7 [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms [] []
model_signing [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.base [] []
model_signing._serialization.file_shard [] []
datetime [] []
certifi [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils [] []
tempfile [] []
cryptography.x509.ocsp [] []
cryptography.hazmat.backends [] []
cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x448 [] []
sigstore [] []
model_signing.hashing [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types [] []
cryptography.x509.verification [] []
model_signing._signing.pkcs11uri [] []
opentelemetry [] []
PyKCS11 [] []
model_signing._hashing.hashing [] []
model_signing._signing.signing ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key'] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes [] []
model_signing._signing.sign_certificate [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives._asymmetric [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.base [] []
cryptography.hazmat.bindings.openssl.binding [] []
logging [] []
cryptography.x509.extensions [] []
cryptography.utils [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.constant_time [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead [] []
model_signing._signing [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.ssh [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives._serialization [] []
cryptography.hazmat.decrepit [] []
atheris [] []
[] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.argon2 [] []
model_signing.__main__ [] []
cryptography.hazmat.bindings [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.poly1305 [] []
...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key ['fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key'] []
shutil [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives._cipheralgorithm [] []
click [] []
email [] []
model_signing._hashing.memory ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key'] []
model_signing._serialization.file [] []
json [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf [] []
model_signing._hashing [] []
cryptography.x509.oid [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ed25519 [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ed448 [] []
model_signing._signing.sign_sigstore_pb [] []
OpenSSL [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hmac [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.kbkdf [] []
types [] []
model_signing._cli [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec [] []
model_signing.signing [] []
math [] []
cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust [] []
io [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.cmac [] []
cryptography.fernet [] []
model_signing._signing.sign_sigstore ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key'] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa [] []
pathlib [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization [] []
model_signing._signing.sign_ec_key ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key'] []
bcrypt [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2 [] []
os [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.x963kdf [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.hkdf [] []
binascii [] []
random [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives [] []
time [] []
stat [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.concatkdf [] []
google [] []
cryptography.x509.name [] []
cryptography.hazmat.bindings.openssl [] []
model_signing.manifest ['fuzz_sign_with_valid_key_verify_with_invalid_key', 'fuzz_sign_verify_with_valid_key'] []
...model-transparency.tests.fuzzing.fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key ['fuzz_sign_with_invalid_key'] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.padding [] []
cryptography.hazmat.bindings.openssl._conditional [] []
hmac [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh [] []
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers [] []

Directories in report

Directory