Fuzz introspector
For issues and ideas: https://github.com/ossf/fuzz-introspector/issues
Project coverage
Per-fuzzer coverage

Table of contents

Project overview: njs
High level conclusions
Reachability and coverage overview
Fuzzers overview
Project functions overview
Fuzzer details
Fuzzer: njs_process_script_fuzzer
Call tree
Fuzz blockers
Runtime coverage analysis
Files reached
Analyses and suggestions
Optimal target analysis
Remaining optimal interesting functions
All functions overview
Fuzz engine guidance
external/njs_shell.c
Dictionary
Fuzzer function priority
Runtime coverage analysis
Complex functions with low coverage
Files and Directories in report
Files in report
Directories in report
Metadata section
Report generation date: 2025-10-10

Project overview: njs

High level conclusions

Reachability and coverage overview

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers
20.0%
285 / 1409
Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers
25.0%
3785 / 15032
Runtime code coverage of functions
61.0%
854 / 1409

Warning: The number of runtime covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that Fuzz Introspector found there are more functions covered at runtime than what is considered reachable based on the static analysis. This is a limitation in the analysis as anything covered at runtime is by definition reachable by the fuzzers.
This is likely due to a limitation in the static analysis. In this case, the count of functions covered at runtime is the true value, which means this is what should be considered "achieved" by the fuzzer.

Use the project functions table below to query all functions that were not covered at runtime.

Fuzzers overview

Fuzzer Fuzzer filename Functions Reached Functions unreached Fuzzer depth Files reached Basic blocks reached Cyclomatic complexity Details
njs_process_script_fuzzer external/njs_shell.c 312 1300 25 39 10786 3840 njs_shell.c

Project functions overview

The following table shows data about each function in the project. The functions included in this table correspond to all functions that exist in the executables of the fuzzers. As such, there may be functions that are from third-party libraries.

For further technical details on the meaning of columns in the below table, please see the Glossary .

Func name Functions filename Args Function call depth Reached by Fuzzers Runtime reached by Fuzzers Combined reached by Fuzzers Fuzzers runtime hit Func lines hit % I Count BB Count Cyclomatic complexity Functions reached Reached by functions Accumulated cyclomatic complexity Undiscovered complexity

Fuzzer details

Fuzzer: njs_process_script_fuzzer

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Full calltree

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
Color Runtime hitcount Callsite count Percentage
red 0 368 31.2%
gold [1:9] 19 1.61%
yellow [10:29] 5 0.42%
greenyellow [30:49] 1 0.08%
lawngreen 50+ 785 66.6%
All colors 1178 100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked Calltree index Parent function Callsite Largest blocked function
27 264 njs_engine_njs_init call site: 00264 njs_vm_compile_module
22 1155 njs_main call site: 01155 njs_process_file
13 793 njs_regexp_alloc call site: 00793 njs_vmcode_instance_of
12 913 njs_object_prop_define call site: 00913 njs_typed_array_set_value
10 692 njs_object_enumerate_string call site: 00692 njs_array_alloc
9 248 njs_scope_global_index call site: 00248 njs_rejection_tracker
9 737 njs_get_own_ordered_keys call site: 00737 njs_value_property
9 849 njs_object_own_enumerate call site: 00849 njs_value_property
8 480 njs_object_to_string call site: 00480 njs_string_new
8 998 njs_vmcode_proto_init call site: 00998 njs_vmcode_import
7 1016 njs_promise_resolve call site: 01016 njs_promise_perform_then
7 1119 njs_lexer_in_stack_push call site: 01119 njs_parser_export_sink

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions
1050
Functions that are reachable but not covered
55
Reachable functions
312
Percentage of reachable functions covered
82.37%
NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.
Function name source code lines source lines hit percentage hit

Files reached

filename functions hit
external/njs_shell.c 16
src/njs_sprintf.c 5
src/njs_rbtree.c 6
src/njs_mp.c 15
src/njs_malloc.c 2
src/njs_vm.c 17
src/njs_regexp.c 6
external/njs_regex.c 8
src/njs_error.c 8
src/njs_builtin.c 2
src/njs_atom.c 4
src/njs_flathsh.c 11
src/njs_string.c 17
src/njs_utf8.c 5
src/njs_djb_hash.c 1
src/njs_trace.c 1
src/njs_object.c 15
src/njs_dtoa.c 1
src/njs_diyfp.c 2
src/njs_number.c 6
src/njs_strtod.c 4
src/njs_arr.c 4
src/njs_function.c 18
src/njs_symbol.c 3
src/njs_scope.c 2
src/njs_value.c 17
src/njs_module.c 2
src/njs_variable.c 6
src/njs_parser.c 7
src/njs_lexer.c 11
src/njs_object_prop.c 7
src/njs_async.c 1
src/njs_promise.c 5
src/njs_array.c 11
src/njs_vmcode.c 29
src/njs_utils.c 2
src/njs_typed_array.c 3
src/njs_array_buffer.c 1
src/njs_generator.c 5

Analyses and suggestions

Optimal target analysis

Remaining optimal interesting functions

The following table shows a list of functions that are optimal targets. Optimal targets are identified by finding the functions that in combination, yield a high code coverage.

Func name Functions filename Arg count Args Function depth hitcount instr count bb count cyclomatic complexity Reachable functions Incoming references total cyclomatic complexity Unreached complexity
njs_generate /src/njs/src/njs_generator.c 3 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 40 0 1002 133 7 297 0 3865 602
njs_ext_import_key /src/njs/external/njs_webcrypto_module.c 5 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'int', 'size_t', 'N/A'] 42 0 1096 165 52 285 0 3597 460
njs_engine_njs_process_events /src/njs/external/njs_shell.c 1 ['N/A'] 21 0 142 17 6 244 0 3478 299
njs_date_constructor /src/njs/src/njs_date.c 5 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'int', 'size_t', 'N/A'] 36 0 634 73 28 219 0 3413 279
njs_regexp_prototype_symbol_replace /src/njs/src/njs_regexp.c 5 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'int', 'size_t', 'N/A'] 37 0 2177 268 96 235 0 3446 274
njs_fs_readlink /src/njs/external/njs_fs_module.c 5 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'int', 'size_t', 'N/A'] 43 0 346 56 21 239 0 3427 234
njs_parser_property_definition /src/njs/src/njs_parser.c 3 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 43 0 2457 252 87 244 0 3549 205
njs_engine_njs_eval /src/njs/external/njs_shell.c 2 ['N/A', 'N/A'] 16 0 68 9 4 268 0 3682 198
njs_ext_export_key /src/njs/external/njs_webcrypto_module.c 5 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'int', 'size_t', 'N/A'] 42 0 501 70 21 275 0 3419 182
njs_error_prototype_stack /src/njs/src/njs_error.c 6 ['N/A', 'N/A', 'int', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A'] 37 0 452 56 21 224 0 3351 165

Implementing fuzzers that target the above functions will improve reachability such that it becomes:

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers
37.0%
521 / 1409
Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers
44.0%
6561 / 15032

All functions overview

If you implement fuzzers for these functions, the status of all functions in the project will be:

Func name Functions filename Args Function call depth Reached by Fuzzers Runtime reached by Fuzzers Combined reached by Fuzzers Fuzzers runtime hit Func lines hit % I Count BB Count Cyclomatic complexity Functions reached Reached by functions Accumulated cyclomatic complexity Undiscovered complexity

Fuzz engine guidance

This sections provides heuristics that can be used as input to a fuzz engine when running a given fuzz target. The current focus is on providing input that is usable by libFuzzer.

external/njs_shell.c

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag


Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name 

-focus_function=['njs_engine_njs_init', 'njs_main', 'njs_regexp_alloc', 'njs_object_prop_define', 'njs_object_enumerate_string', 'njs_scope_global_index', 'njs_get_own_ordered_keys', 'njs_object_own_enumerate', 'njs_object_to_string', 'njs_vmcode_proto_init']

Runtime coverage analysis

This section shows analysis of runtime coverage data.

For futher technical details on how this section is generated, please see the Glossary .

Complex functions with low coverage

Func name Function total lines Lines covered at runtime percentage covered Reached by fuzzers
njs_array_prototype_iterator 131 59 45.03% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_array_prototype_pop 39 17 43.58% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_array_prototype_slice_copy 100 50 50.0% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_sort_indexed_properties 147 54 36.73% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_date_rfc2822_string_parse 60 12 20.0% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_error_alloc 71 38 53.52% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_error_prototype_stack 61 18 29.50% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_function_capture_global_closures 42 10 23.80% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_object_iterate_reverse 124 44 35.48% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_json_parse_array 55 24 43.63% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_json_parse_string 147 52 35.37% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_dump_terminal 149 67 44.96% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_object_math_func 143 28 19.58% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_object_enumerate_array 62 27 43.54% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_object_enumerate_typed_array 43 21 48.83% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_object_enumerate_string 93 23 24.73% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_object_own_enumerate_object 49 14 28.57% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_object_prop_define 320 136 42.5% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_parser_computed_property_name_handler 31 16 51.61% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_parser_break_continue 41 20 48.78% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_parser_expression_statement 49 22 44.89% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_promise_resolve_function 64 27 42.18% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_promise_perform_all 53 22 41.50% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_regexp_exec 41 19 46.34% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_vsprintf 257 126 49.02% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_typed_array_prop_set 39 16 41.02% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_typed_array_prototype_sort 108 49 45.37% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_typed_array_generic_compare 35 19 54.28% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_value_own_enumerate 66 11 16.66% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
njs_value_property_delete 76 41 53.94% ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']

Files and Directories in report

This section shows which files and directories are considered in this report. The main reason for showing this is fuzz introspector may include more code in the reasoning than is desired. This section helps identify if too many files/directories are included, e.g. third party code, which may be irrelevant for the threat model. In the event too much is included, fuzz introspector supports a configuration file that can exclude data from the report. See the following link for more information on how to create a config file: link

Files in report

Source file Reached by Covered by
[] []
/src/njs/src/njs_builtin.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_promise.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_iterator.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_vmcode.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_typed_array.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_string.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_encoding.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_error.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/external/njs_query_string_module.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_buffer.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_utf16.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_date.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_flathsh.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_math.c [] []
/src/njs/external/njs_regex.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_malloc.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_dtoa_fixed.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_utf8.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_boolean.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_symbol.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_str.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_random.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_sprintf.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_chb.c [] []
/src/njs/external/njs_webcrypto_module.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_vm.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_regexp.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_extern.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_object_prop.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_array_buffer.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_async.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/external/njs_sha2.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_variable.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_array.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_mp.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/external/njs_shell.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/external/njs_crypto_module.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_arr.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_scope.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_trace.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_lexer.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_disassembler.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_value.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/external/njs_sha1.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_diyfp.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_json.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_generator.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_function.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_module.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/external/njs_zlib_module.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_number.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_rbtree.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_dtoa.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_object.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_utils.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_atom.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_utils.h [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_parser.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/external/njs_md5.c [] []
/src/njs/external/njs_fs_module.c [] []
/src/njs/src/njs_strtod.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']
/src/njs/src/njs_djb_hash.c ['njs_process_script_fuzzer'] ['njs_process_script_fuzzer']

Directories in report

Directory
/src/njs/src/
/src/njs/external/

Metadata section

This sections shows the raw data that is used to produce this report. This is mainly used for further processing and developer debugging.

Fuzzer Calltree file Program data file Coverage file
njs_process_script_fuzzer fuzzerLogFile-0-2usviCpZXM.data fuzzerLogFile-0-2usviCpZXM.data.yaml njs_process_script_fuzzer.covreport