High level conclusions

Fuzzers reach 66.61% code coverage.

Reachability and coverage overview

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers

181 / 605

Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers

658 / 2090

Runtime code coverage of functions

403 / 605

Warning: The number of runtime covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that Fuzz Introspector found there are more functions covered at runtime than what is considered reachable based on the static analysis. This is a limitation in the analysis as anything covered at runtime is by definition reachable by the fuzzers.
This is likely due to a limitation in the static analysis. In this case, the count of functions covered at runtime is the true value, which means this is what should be considered "achieved" by the fuzzer.

Use the project functions table below to query all functions that were not covered at runtime.

The following table shows data about each function in the project. The functions included in this table correspond to all functions that exist in the executables of the fuzzers. As such, there may be functions that are from third-party libraries.

For further technical details on the meaning of columns in the below table, please see the Glossary .

Func name	Functions filename	Args	Function call depth	Reached by Fuzzers	Runtime reached by Fuzzers	Combined reached by Fuzzers	Fuzzers runtime hit	Func lines hit %	I Count	BB Count	Cyclomatic complexity	Functions reached	Reached by functions	Accumulated cyclomatic complexity	Undiscovered complexity

Fuzzer: page_extraction_fuzzer

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	199	25.4%
gold	[1:9]	0	0.0%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	584	74.5%
All colors	783	100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked	Calltree index	Parent function	Callsite	Largest blocked function
70	136	pdfminer.ascii85.asciihexdecode	call site: 00136	pdfminer.ccitt.ccittfaxdecode
20	615	pdfminer.pdffont.TrueTypeFont.create_unicode_map	call site: 00615	.enumerate
17	110	pdfminer.pdftypes.decompress_corrupted	call site: 00110	pdfminer.lzw.lzwdecode
8	685	pdfminer.utils.choplist	call site: 00685	.enumerate
6	0	EP	call site: 00000	pdfminer.high_level.extract_pages
5	430	pdfminer.encodingdb.name2unicode	call site: 00430	.int
5	653	pdfminer.pdffont.TrueTypeFont.create_unicode_map	call site: 00653	io.BytesIO.seek
5	777	pdfminer.pdfinterp.PDFPageInterpreter.process_page	call site: 00777	pdfminer.pdfdevice.TagExtractor._write
4	16	pdfminer.utils.open_filename.__init__	call site: 00016	pdfminer.converter.PDFPageAggregator.__init__
4	364	pdfminer.utils.apply_matrix_rect	call site: 00364	.min
4	377	pdfminer.pdfinterp.PDFPageInterpreter.process_page	call site: 00377	pdfminer.pdfdevice.TagExtractor._write
3	7	pdfminer.layout.LAParams.__init__	call site: 00007	pdfminer.utils.open_filename.__init__

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

466

Functions that are reachable but not covered

166

Reachable functions

285

Percentage of reachable functions covered

41.75%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/	1
...pdfminer.six.fuzzing.page_extraction_fuzzer	8
pdfminer.high_level	9
pdfminer.layout	8
pdfminer.utils	21
pdfminer.converter	12
pdfminer.pdfpage	30
pdfminer.pdfparser	3
pdfminer.psparser	7
pdfminer.pdfdocument	48
pdfminer.pdftypes	31
pdfminer.lzw	12
pdfminer.ascii85	7
pdfminer.runlength	5
pdfminer.ccitt	35
pdfminer.pdfinterp	40
pdfminer.pdfdevice	4
pdfminer.pdffont	66
pdfminer.encodingdb	17
pdfminer.cmapdb	26
pdfminer.casting	7

Fuzzer: extract_text_fuzzer

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	185	23.7%
gold	[1:9]	0	0.0%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	593	76.2%
All colors	778	100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked	Calltree index	Parent function	Callsite	Largest blocked function
67	134	pdfminer.ascii85.asciihexdecode	call site: 00134	pdfminer.ccitt.ccittfaxdecode
20	610	pdfminer.pdffont.TrueTypeFont.create_unicode_map	call site: 00610	.enumerate
17	108	pdfminer.pdftypes.decompress_corrupted	call site: 00108	pdfminer.lzw.lzwdecode
8	680	pdfminer.utils.choplist	call site: 00680	.enumerate
5	425	pdfminer.encodingdb.name2unicode	call site: 00425	.int
5	648	pdfminer.pdffont.TrueTypeFont.create_unicode_map	call site: 00648	io.BytesIO.seek
4	359	pdfminer.utils.apply_matrix_rect	call site: 00359	.min
4	372	pdfminer.pdfinterp.PDFPageInterpreter.process_page	call site: 00372	pdfminer.pdfdevice.TagExtractor._write
4	773	pdfminer.high_level.extract_text	call site: 00773	fuzzing.fuzzed_data_provider.PdfminerFuzzedDataProvider.ConsumeMemoryFile
3	0	EP	call site: 00000	pdfminer.high_level.extract_text
3	213	pdfminer.utils.apply_tiff_predictor	call site: 00213	.range
3	551	pdfminer.cmapdb.CMapDB._load_data	call site: 00551	os.environ.get

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

466

Functions that are reachable but not covered

162

Reachable functions

281

Percentage of reachable functions covered

42.35%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/	1
...pdfminer.six.fuzzing.extract_text_fuzzer	7
pdfminer.high_level	10
pdfminer.layout	8
pdfminer.utils	21
pdfminer.converter	10
pdfminer.pdfpage	30
pdfminer.pdfparser	3
pdfminer.psparser	7
pdfminer.pdfdocument	48
pdfminer.pdftypes	31
pdfminer.lzw	12
pdfminer.ascii85	7
pdfminer.runlength	5
pdfminer.ccitt	32
pdfminer.pdfinterp	40
pdfminer.pdfdevice	4
pdfminer.pdffont	66
pdfminer.encodingdb	17
pdfminer.cmapdb	26
pdfminer.casting	7

Fuzzer: extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	267	27.0%
gold	[1:9]	0	0.0%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	719	72.9%
All colors	986	100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked	Calltree index	Parent function	Callsite	Largest blocked function
67	197	pdfminer.ascii85.asciihexdecode	call site: 00197	pdfminer.ccitt.ccittfaxdecode
42	22	pdfminer.converter.PDFConverter._is_binary_stream	call site: 00022	pdfminer.pdfpage.PDFPage.get_pages
21	964	pdfminer.converter.PDFLayoutAnalyzer.end_page	call site: 00964	pdfminer.converter.HTMLConverter.close
20	671	pdfminer.pdffont.TrueTypeFont.create_unicode_map	call site: 00671	.enumerate
17	171	pdfminer.pdftypes.decompress_corrupted	call site: 00171	pdfminer.lzw.lzwdecode
11	0	EP	call site: 00000	pdfminer.high_level.extract_text_to_fp
10	837	pdfminer.layout.LTLayoutContainer.analyze	call site: 00837	obj0.is_voverlap
8	741	pdfminer.utils.choplist	call site: 00741	.enumerate
5	486	pdfminer.encodingdb.name2unicode	call site: 00486	.int
5	709	pdfminer.pdffont.TrueTypeFont.create_unicode_map	call site: 00709	io.BytesIO.seek
4	417	pdfminer.pdfinterp.PDFPageInterpreter.process_page	call site: 00417	pdfminer.pdfdevice.TagExtractor._write
4	427	pdfminer.utils.apply_matrix_rect	call site: 00427	.min

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

466

Functions that are reachable but not covered

218

Reachable functions

364

Percentage of reachable functions covered

40.11%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/	1
...pdfminer.six.fuzzing.extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer	11
pdfminer.high_level	16
pdfminer.image	2
pdfminer.converter	31
pdfminer.pdfdevice	5
pdfminer.pdfpage	30
pdfminer.pdfparser	3
pdfminer.psparser	7
pdfminer.pdfdocument	54
pdfminer.casting	8
pdfminer.pdftypes	31
pdfminer.lzw	12
pdfminer.ascii85	7
pdfminer.runlength	5
pdfminer.ccitt	32
pdfminer.utils	23
pdfminer.pdfinterp	38
pdfminer.layout	67
pdfminer.pdffont	67
pdfminer.encodingdb	17
pdfminer.cmapdb	26

Optimal target analysis

Remaining optimal interesting functions

The following table shows a list of functions that are optimal targets. Optimal targets are identified by finding the functions that in combination, yield a high code coverage.

Func name	Functions filename	Arg count	Args	Function depth	hitcount	instr count	bb count	cyclomatic complexity	Reachable functions	Incoming references	total cyclomatic complexity	Unreached complexity
pdfminer.converter.HTMLConverter.receive_layout.render	pdfminer.converter	1	['N/A']	6	0	24	15	9	74	2	240	192
pdfminer.psparser.PSStackParser.nextobject	pdfminer.psparser	1	['N/A']	3	0	15	13	8	49	0	170	133
pdfminer.pdfdocument.PDFStandardSecurityHandlerV5.authenticate	pdfminer.pdfdocument	2	['N/A', 'N/A']	3	0	0	2	4	26	0	85	82
pdfminer.pdfinterp.PDFPageInterpreter.do_TJ	pdfminer.pdfinterp	2	['N/A', 'N/A']	4	0	2	2	4	30	3	100	61
pdfminer.pdfinterp.PDFPageInterpreter.do_Do	pdfminer.pdfinterp	2	['N/A', 'N/A']	6	0	8	4	5	39	0	126	47
pdfminer.pdfdocument.PDFDocument.getobj	pdfminer.pdfdocument	2	['N/A', 'N/A']	7	0	4	6	5	107	2	369	40
pdfminer.pdfdocument.PageLabels.labels	pdfminer.pdfdocument	1	['N/A']	3	0	2	3	4	24	0	82	38
pdfminer.cmapdb.CMapParser.do_keyword	pdfminer.cmapdb	3	['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A']	3	0	27	29	15	48	0	168	36

Implementing fuzzers that target the above functions will improve reachability such that it becomes:

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers

282 / 605

Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers

1036 / 2090

All functions overview

If you implement fuzzers for these functions, the status of all functions in the project will be:

Func name	Functions filename	Args	Function call depth	Reached by Fuzzers	Runtime reached by Fuzzers	Combined reached by Fuzzers	Fuzzers runtime hit	Func lines hit %	I Count	BB Count	Cyclomatic complexity	Functions reached	Reached by functions	Accumulated cyclomatic complexity	Undiscovered complexity

This sections provides heuristics that can be used as input to a fuzz engine when running a given fuzz target. The current focus is on providing input that is usable by libFuzzer.

fuzzing/page_extraction_fuzzer.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag

Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['pdfminer.ascii85.asciihexdecode', 'pdfminer.pdffont.TrueTypeFont.create_unicode_map', 'pdfminer.pdftypes.decompress_corrupted', 'pdfminer.utils.choplist', 'pdfminer.encodingdb.name2unicode', 'pdfminer.pdfinterp.PDFPageInterpreter.process_page', 'pdfminer.utils.open_filename.__init__', 'pdfminer.utils.apply_matrix_rect']

fuzzing/extract_text_fuzzer.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag

Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['pdfminer.ascii85.asciihexdecode', 'pdfminer.pdffont.TrueTypeFont.create_unicode_map', 'pdfminer.pdftypes.decompress_corrupted', 'pdfminer.utils.choplist', 'pdfminer.encodingdb.name2unicode', 'pdfminer.utils.apply_matrix_rect', 'pdfminer.pdfinterp.PDFPageInterpreter.process_page', 'pdfminer.high_level.extract_text']

fuzzing/extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag

Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['pdfminer.ascii85.asciihexdecode', 'pdfminer.converter.PDFConverter._is_binary_stream', 'pdfminer.converter.PDFLayoutAnalyzer.end_page', 'pdfminer.pdffont.TrueTypeFont.create_unicode_map', 'pdfminer.pdftypes.decompress_corrupted', 'pdfminer.layout.LTLayoutContainer.analyze', 'pdfminer.utils.choplist', 'pdfminer.encodingdb.name2unicode']

This section shows analysis of runtime coverage data.

For futher technical details on how this section is generated, please see the Glossary .

Complex functions with low coverage

Func name	Function total lines	Lines covered at runtime	percentage covered	Reached by fuzzers
pdfminer.converter.HTMLConverter.receive_layout.render	50	0	0.0%	[]
pdfminer.converter.XMLConverter.receive_layout.render	54	0	0.0%	[]
pdfminer.converter.HOCRConverter.receive_layout.render	36	0	0.0%	[]
pdfminer.pdffont.getdict	41	2	4.878%	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer']
pdfminer.pdffont.CFFFont.__init__	58	0	0.0%	[]
pdfminer.fontmetrics.convert_font_metrics	46	13	28.26%	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer']
d.get	189	25	13.22%	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer']
i.save	214	16	7.476%	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer']
pdfminer.jbig2.JBIG2StreamWriter.encode_retention_flags	32	0	0.0%	[]

This section shows which files and directories are considered in this report. The main reason for showing this is fuzz introspector may include more code in the reasoning than is desired. This section helps identify if too many files/directories are included, e.g. third party code, which may be irrelevant for the threat model. In the event too much is included, fuzz introspector supports a configuration file that can exclude data from the report. See the following link for more information on how to create a config file: link

Files in report

Source file	Reached by	Covered by
	[]	[]
pdfminer.arcfour	[]	[]
collections	[]	[]
itertools	[]	[]
pdfminer.pdftypes	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
pdfminer.psparser	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
pdfminer.psexceptions	[]	[]
pdfminer.image	['extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
array	[]	[]
pdfminer.settings	[]	[]
pdfminer.encodingdb	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
zlib	[]	[]
pdfminer.pdfparser	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
pdfminer.pdfinterp	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
pdfminer.glyphlist	[]	[]
math	[]	[]
gzip	[]	[]
pdfminer	[]	[]
pdfminer.pdffont	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
atheris	[]	[]
html	[]	[]
pdfminer.cmapdb	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
stringprep	[]	[]
cryptography	[]	[]
binascii	[]	[]
pdfminer.pdfdocument	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
pdfminer.fontmetrics	[]	[]
PIL	[]	[]
hashlib	[]	[]
pdfminer.converter	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
pdfminer.high_level	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
charset_normalizer	[]	[]
heapq	[]	[]
pdfminer.jbig2	[]	[]
pdfminer.utils	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
logging	[]	[]
pdfminer.pdfpage	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
pdfminer.latin_enc	[]	[]
pdfminer.pdfdevice	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
	[]	[]
pdfminer.ascii85	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
io	[]	[]
importlib	[]	[]
pdfminer.data_structures	[]	[]
...pdfminer.six.fuzzing.extract_text_fuzzer	['extract_text_fuzzer']	[]
warnings	[]	[]
re	[]	[]
pdfminer.pdfexceptions	[]	[]
os	[]	[]
pdfminer.casting	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
pdfminer.lzw	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
pdfminer.pdfcolor	[]	[]
struct	[]	[]
typing	[]	[]
pickle	[]	[]
pdfminer.ccitt	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
pygame	[]	[]
base64	[]	[]
pdfminer._saslprep	[]	[]
unicodedata	[]	[]
...pdfminer.six.fuzzing.extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer	['extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
...pdfminer.six.fuzzing.page_extraction_fuzzer	['page_extraction_fuzzer']	[]
pdfminer.layout	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]
unittest	[]	[]
fuzzing	[]	[]
pdfminer.runlength	['page_extraction_fuzzer', 'extract_text_fuzzer', 'extract_text_to_fp_fuzzer']	[]

Directories in report

Directory