High level conclusions

Fuzzer fuzz_util is blocked:

The runtime code coverage of fuzz_util covers 0.0% of its statically reachable code. This means there is some place that blocks the fuzzer to continue exploring more code at run time.

Fuzzer fuzz_zip is blocked:

The runtime code coverage of fuzz_zip covers 8.333% of its statically reachable code. This means there is some place that blocks the fuzzer to continue exploring more code at run time.

Fuzzer fuzz_func is blocked:

The runtime code coverage of fuzz_func covers 0.0% of its statically reachable code. This means there is some place that blocks the fuzzer to continue exploring more code at run time.

Fuzzers reach 6.319% of cyclomatic complexity.

Fuzzers reach 6.611% of all functions.

Reachability and coverage overview

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers

32/484

Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers

97/1535

Runtime code coverage of functions

145 / 484

The following table shows data about each function in the project. The functions included in this table correspond to all functions that exist in the executables of the fuzzers. As such, there may be functions that are from third-party libraries.

For further technical details on the meaning of columns in the below table, please see the Glossary .

Func name	Functions filename	Args	Function call depth	Reached by Fuzzers	Fuzzers runtime hit	Func lines hit %	I Count	BB Count	Cyclomatic complexity	Functions reached	Reached by functions	Accumulated cyclomatic complexity	Undiscovered complexity

Fuzzer: fuzz_func

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	2	33.3%
gold	[1:9]	0	0.0%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	4	66.6%
All colors	6	100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked	Calltree index	Parent function	Callsite	Largest blocked function
2	1	...fuzz_func.TestInput	call site: 00001	fdp.ConsumeString

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

2

Functions that are reachable but not covered

5

Reachable functions

5

Percentage of reachable functions covered

0.0%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/	1
...fuzz_func	4

Fuzzer: fuzz_zip

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	1	5.26%
gold	[1:9]	0	0.0%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	18	94.7%
All colors	19	100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked	Calltree index	Parent function	Callsite	Largest blocked function
1	5	...fuzz_zip.TestInput	call site: 00005	fdp.ConsumeString

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

4

Functions that are reachable but not covered

11

Reachable functions

12

Percentage of reachable functions covered

8.33%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/	1
...fuzz_zip	11

Fuzzer: fuzz_util

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	11	44.0%
gold	[1:9]	0	0.0%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	14	56.0%
All colors	25	100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked	Calltree index	Parent function	Callsite	Largest blocked function
7	17	...fuzz_util.TestInput	call site: 00017	fdp.ConsumeString
2	4	...fuzz_util.TestInput	call site: 00004	fdp.ConsumeBool
1	0	EP	call site: 00000	.len
1	2	...fuzz_util.TestInput	call site: 00002	fdp.ConsumeInt

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

2

Functions that are reachable but not covered

9

Reachable functions

9

Percentage of reachable functions covered

0.0%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/	1
...fuzz_util	8

Fuzzer: fuzz_bytebuffer

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	1	3.03%
gold	[1:9]	0	0.0%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	32	96.9%
All colors	33	100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked	Calltree index	Parent function	Callsite	Largest blocked function
1	15	smart_open.bytebuffer.ByteBuffer.fill	call site: 00015	source.read

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

44

Functions that are reachable but not covered

13

Reachable functions

19

Percentage of reachable functions covered

31.58%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Warning: The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/	1
...fuzz_bytebuffer	12
smart_open.bytebuffer	9

Optimal target analysis

Remaining optimal interesting functions

The following table shows a list of functions that are optimal targets. Optimal targets are identified by finding the functions that in combination, yield a high code coverage.

Func name	Functions filename	Arg count	Args	Function depth	hitcount	instr count	bb count	cyclomatic complexity	Reachable functions	Incoming references	total cyclomatic complexity	Unreached complexity
smart_open.smart_open_lib.smart_open	smart_open.smart_open_lib	10	['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A']	4	0	1	2	4	38	0	133	127
smart_open.s3.open	smart_open.s3	11	['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A']	5	0	2	5	5	34	1	113	98
smart_open.doctools.tweak_open_docstring	smart_open.doctools	1	['N/A']	1	0	18	3	4	31	1	98	83
smart_open.s3.iter_bucket	smart_open.s3	7	['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A']	2	0	4	4	5	19	1	64	58
smart_open.ftp.open	smart_open.ftp	8	['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A']	2	0	1	3	4	17	1	56	53
smart_open.gcs.open	smart_open.gcs	8	['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A']	1	0	2	4	5	13	1	48	42
smart_open.ssh.open	smart_open.ssh	7	['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A']	1	0	1	4	5	13	1	44	41

Implementing fuzzers that target the above functions will improve reachability such that it becomes:

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers

185/484

Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers

596 / 1535

All functions overview

If you implement fuzzers for these functions, the status of all functions in the project will be:

Func name	Functions filename	Args	Function call depth	Reached by Fuzzers	Fuzzers runtime hit	Func lines hit %	I Count	BB Count	Cyclomatic complexity	Functions reached	Reached by functions	Accumulated cyclomatic complexity	Undiscovered complexity

This section shows analysis of runtime coverage data.

For futher technical details on how this section is generated, please see the Glossary .

Complex functions with low coverage

Func name	Function total lines	Lines covered at runtime	percentage covered	Reached by fuzzers
zip.read	37	19	51.35%	['fuzz_zip']
smart_open.smart_open_lib.open	33	8	24.24%	[]

This section shows which files and directories are considered in this report. The main reason for showing this is fuzz introspector may include more code in the reasoning than is desired. This section helps identify if too many files/directories are included, e.g. third party code, which may be irrelevant for the threat model. In the event too much is included, fuzz introspector supports a configuration file that can exclude data from the report. See the following link for more information on how to create a config file: link

Files in report

Source file	Reached by	Covered by
	[]	[]
zipfile	[]	[]
inspect	[]	[]
logging	[]	[]
smart_open.local_file	[]	[]
smart_open.constants	[]	[]
smart_open	[]	[]
smart_open.ftp	[]	[]
functools	[]	[]
smart_open.gcs	[]	[]
smart_open.hdfs	[]	[]
types	[]	[]
collections	[]	[]
smart_open.transport	[]	[]
smart_open.s3	[]	[]
bz2	[]	[]
os	[]	[]
...fuzz_bytebuffer	['fuzz_bytebuffer']	[]
locale	[]	[]
smart_open.smart_open_lib	[]	[]
smart_open.http	[]	[]
...fuzz_util	['fuzz_util']	[]
base64	[]	[]
time	[]	[]
paramiko	[]	[]
gzip	[]	[]
smart_open.version	[]	[]
tempfile	[]	[]
contextlib	[]	[]
ftplib	[]	[]
smart_open.ssh	[]	[]
smart_open.azure	[]	[]
smart_open.webhdfs	[]	[]
io	[]	[]
	[]	[]
smart_open.compression	[]	[]
smart_open.doctools	[]	[]
smart_open.bytebuffer	['fuzz_bytebuffer']	[]
requests_kerberos	[]	[]
importlib	[]	[]
boto3	[]	[]
smart_open.concurrency	[]	[]
requests	[]	[]
warnings	[]	[]
...fuzz_func	['fuzz_func']	[]
subprocess	[]	[]
...fuzz_zip	['fuzz_zip']	[]
smart_open.utils	[]	[]
getpass	[]	[]
re	[]	[]
atheris	[]	[]

Directories in report

Directory

This section shows a chosen list of functions / methods calls and their relative coverage information. By static analysis of the target project code, all of these function call and their caller information, including the source file or class and line number that initiate the call are captured. Column 1 is the function name of that selected functions or methods. Column 2 of each row indicate if the target function covered by any fuzzer calltree information. Column 3 lists all fuzzers (or no fuzzers at all) that have coered that particular function call dynamically. Column 4 shows list of parent function for the specific function call, while column 5 shows possible blocker functions that make the fuzzers fail to reach the specific functions. Both column 4 and 5 will only show information if none of the fuzzers cover the target function calls.

Function in each files in report

Target sink	Callsite location	Reached by fuzzer	Function call path	Covered by fuzzer	Possible branch blockers