High level conclusions

Reachability and coverage overview

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers

132 / 479

Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers

558 / 1740

Runtime code coverage of functions

226 / 479

Warning: The number of runtime covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that Fuzz Introspector found there are more functions covered at runtime than what is considered reachable based on the static analysis. This is a limitation in the analysis as anything covered at runtime is by definition reachable by the fuzzers.
This is likely due to a limitation in the static analysis. In this case, the count of functions covered at runtime is the true value, which means this is what should be considered "achieved" by the fuzzer.

Use the project functions table below to query all functions that were not covered at runtime.

The following table shows data about each function in the project. The functions included in this table correspond to all functions that exist in the executables of the fuzzers. As such, there may be functions that are from third-party libraries.

For further technical details on the meaning of columns in the below table, please see the Glossary .

Func name	Functions filename	Args	Function call depth	Reached by Fuzzers	Fuzzers runtime hit	Func lines hit %	I Count	BB Count	Cyclomatic complexity	Functions reached	Reached by functions	Accumulated cyclomatic complexity	Undiscovered complexity

Fuzzer: fuzz_closest

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	360	47.7%
gold	[1:9]	0	0.0%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	394	52.2%
All colors	754	100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked	Calltree index	Parent function	Callsite	Largest blocked function
62	556	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00556	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_attribute_by_name
32	188	soupsieve.css_types.SelectorNth.__init__	call site: 00188	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_selectors
31	619	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00619	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_children
21	716	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_contents	call site: 00716	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_dir
19	250	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_pseudo_nth	call site: 00250	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_pseudo_lang
15	454	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_next	call site: 00454	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_content_string
15	690	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00690	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_attribute_by_name
13	437	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_special_string	call site: 00437	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_cdata
13	476	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00476	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors
11	139	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_selectors	call site: 00139	.print
9	29	bs4.builder.TreeBuilderRegistry.lookup	call site: 00029	candidate_set.intersection
9	706	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00706	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_attribute_by_name

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

244

Functions that are reachable but not covered

170

Reachable functions

270

Percentage of reachable functions covered

37.04%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/	1
...fuzz_closest	7
bs4	37
bs4.builder	7
bs4.element	5
soupsieve	8
soupsieve.css_parser	80
soupsieve.util	3
soupsieve.css_match	139
soupsieve.css_types	2

Fuzzer: fuzz_filter

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	364	48.5%
gold	[1:9]	0	0.0%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	386	51.4%
All colors	750	100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked	Calltree index	Parent function	Callsite	Largest blocked function
62	558	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00558	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_attribute_by_name
32	188	soupsieve.css_types.SelectorNth.__init__	call site: 00188	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_selectors
31	621	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00621	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_children
30	708	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00708	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_dir
19	250	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_pseudo_nth	call site: 00250	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_pseudo_lang
15	452	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_next	call site: 00452	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_content_string
15	692	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00692	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_attribute_by_name
13	435	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_special_string	call site: 00435	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_cdata
13	478	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00478	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors
11	139	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_selectors	call site: 00139	.print
9	28	bs4.builder.TreeBuilderRegistry.lookup	call site: 00028	candidate_set.intersection
8	683	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00683	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_attribute_by_name

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

244

Functions that are reachable but not covered

171

Reachable functions

267

Percentage of reachable functions covered

35.96%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/	1
...fuzz_filter	5
bs4	37
bs4.builder	7
bs4.element	5
soupsieve	7
soupsieve.css_parser	80
soupsieve.util	3
soupsieve.css_match	137
soupsieve.css_types	2

Fuzzer: fuzz_select

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	360	48.3%
gold	[1:9]	0	0.0%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	385	51.6%
All colors	745	100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked	Calltree index	Parent function	Callsite	Largest blocked function
62	556	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00556	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_attribute_by_name
32	188	soupsieve.css_types.SelectorNth.__init__	call site: 00188	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_selectors
31	619	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00619	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_children
21	716	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_contents	call site: 00716	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_dir
19	250	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_pseudo_nth	call site: 00250	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_pseudo_lang
15	454	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_next	call site: 00454	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_content_string
15	690	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00690	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_attribute_by_name
13	437	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_special_string	call site: 00437	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_cdata
13	476	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00476	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors
11	139	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_selectors	call site: 00139	.print
9	29	bs4.builder.TreeBuilderRegistry.lookup	call site: 00029	candidate_set.intersection
9	706	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00706	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_attribute_by_name

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

244

Functions that are reachable but not covered

170

Reachable functions

265

Percentage of reachable functions covered

35.85%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/	1
...fuzz_select	5
bs4	37
bs4.builder	7
bs4.element	5
soupsieve	6
soupsieve.css_parser	80
soupsieve.util	3
soupsieve.css_match	138
soupsieve.css_types	2

Fuzzer: fuzz_match

Call tree

The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview

Call tree overview bitmap:

The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is

Color	Runtime hitcount	Callsite count	Percentage
red	0	366	48.4%
gold	[1:9]	0	0.0%
yellow	[10:29]	0	0.0%
greenyellow	[30:49]	0	0.0%
lawngreen	50+	390	51.5%
All colors	756	100

Fuzz blockers

The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.

Amount of callsites blocked	Calltree index	Parent function	Callsite	Largest blocked function
62	560	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00560	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_attribute_by_name
32	192	soupsieve.css_types.SelectorNth.__init__	call site: 00192	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_selectors
31	623	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00623	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_children
21	720	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_contents	call site: 00720	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_dir
19	254	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_pseudo_nth	call site: 00254	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_pseudo_lang
15	458	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_next	call site: 00458	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_content_string
15	694	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00694	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_attribute_by_name
13	441	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_special_string	call site: 00441	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_cdata
13	480	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00480	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors
11	143	soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_selectors	call site: 00143	.print
9	33	bs4.builder.TreeBuilderRegistry.lookup	call site: 00033	candidate_set.intersection
9	710	soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors	call site: 00710	soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_attribute_by_name

Runtime coverage analysis

Covered functions

244

Functions that are reachable but not covered

173

Reachable functions

270

Percentage of reachable functions covered

35.93%

NB: The sum of covered functions and functions that are reachable but not covered need not be equal to Reachable functions . This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.

Function name	source code lines	source lines hit	percentage hit

Files reached

filename	functions hit
/	1
...fuzz_match	8
bs4	37
bs4.builder	7
bs4.element	5
soupsieve	8
soupsieve.css_parser	80
soupsieve.util	3
soupsieve.css_match	138
soupsieve.css_types	2

Optimal target analysis

Remaining optimal interesting functions

The following table shows a list of functions that are optimal targets. Optimal targets are identified by finding the functions that in combination, yield a high code coverage.

Func name	Functions filename	Arg count	Args	Function depth	hitcount	instr count	bb count	cyclomatic complexity	Reachable functions	Incoming references	total cyclomatic complexity	Unreached complexity
bs4.element.Tag.__getattr__	bs4.element	2	['N/A', 'N/A']	9	0	2	2	4	237	0	747	711
bs4.diagnose.diagnose	bs4.diagnose	1	['N/A']	5	0	14	5	5	66	1	244	64
bs4.dammit.EncodingDetector.encodings	bs4.dammit	1	['N/A']	2	0	7	8	6	18	0	63	51
bs4.dammit.UnicodeDammit.__init__	bs4.dammit	8	['N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A', 'N/A']	4	0	2	6	5	17	1	59	41

Implementing fuzzers that target the above functions will improve reachability such that it becomes:

Functions statically reachable by fuzzers

169 / 479

Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers

722 / 1740

All functions overview

If you implement fuzzers for these functions, the status of all functions in the project will be:

Func name	Functions filename	Args	Function call depth	Reached by Fuzzers	Fuzzers runtime hit	Func lines hit %	I Count	BB Count	Cyclomatic complexity	Functions reached	Reached by functions	Accumulated cyclomatic complexity	Undiscovered complexity

This sections provides heuristics that can be used as input to a fuzz engine when running a given fuzz target. The current focus is on providing input that is usable by libFuzzer.

/src/fuzz_closest.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag

Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors', 'soupsieve.css_types.SelectorNth.__init__', 'soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_contents', 'soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_pseudo_nth', 'soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_next', 'soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_special_string', 'soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_selectors']

/src/fuzz_filter.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag

Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors', 'soupsieve.css_types.SelectorNth.__init__', 'soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_pseudo_nth', 'soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_next', 'soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_special_string', 'soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_selectors']

/src/fuzz_select.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag

Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors', 'soupsieve.css_types.SelectorNth.__init__', 'soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_contents', 'soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_pseudo_nth', 'soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_next', 'soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_special_string', 'soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_selectors']

/src/fuzz_match.py

Dictionary

Use this with the libFuzzer -dict=DICT.file flag

Fuzzer function priority

Use one of these functions as input to libfuzzer with flag: -focus_function name

-focus_function=['soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_selectors', 'soupsieve.css_types.SelectorNth.__init__', 'soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_contents', 'soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_pseudo_nth', 'soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.get_next', 'soupsieve.css_match._DocumentNav.is_special_string', 'soupsieve.css_parser.CSSParser.parse_selectors']

This section shows analysis of runtime coverage data.

For futher technical details on how this section is generated, please see the Glossary .

Complex functions with low coverage

Func name	Function total lines	Lines covered at runtime	percentage covered	Reached by fuzzers
bs4.element.PageElement.insert	51	0	0.0%	[]
bs4.element.Tag.decode	39	4	10.25%	[]
bs4.element.SoupStrainer.search_tag	33	1	3.030%	[]
bs4.element.SoupStrainer._matches	41	2	4.878%	[]
bs4.builder._html5lib.TreeBuilderForHtml5lib.testSerializer.serializeElement	34	0	0.0%	[]
bs4.builder._html5lib.Element.reparentChildren	31	0	0.0%	[]
match.group	39	21	53.84%	[]
soupsieve.css_match.Inputs.parse_value	49	2	4.081%	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']
soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.extended_language_filter	33	0	0.0%	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']
soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_nth	80	3	3.75%	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']
soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_indeterminate.get_parent_form	46	0	0.0%	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']
soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_lang	61	0	0.0%	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']
soupsieve.css_match.CSSMatch.match_dir	39	0	0.0%	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']

This section shows which files and directories are considered in this report. The main reason for showing this is fuzz introspector may include more code in the reasoning than is desired. This section helps identify if too many files/directories are included, e.g. third party code, which may be irrelevant for the threat model. In the event too much is included, fuzz introspector supports a configuration file that can exclude data from the report. See the following link for more information on how to create a config file: link

Files in report

Source file	Reached by	Covered by
	[]	[]
bs4.builder._htmlparser	[]	[]
functools	[]	[]
codecs	[]	[]
soupsieve	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']	[]
datetime	[]	[]
bs4.diagnose	[]	[]
sys	[]	[]
html5lib	[]	[]
soupsieve.css_parser	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']	[]
soupsieve.__meta__	[]	[]
bs4.element	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']	[]
...fuzz_filter	['fuzz_filter']	[]
bs4	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']	[]
tempfile	[]	[]
random	[]	[]
chardet	[]	[]
cProfile	[]	[]
soupsieve.util	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']	[]
soupsieve.css_match	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']	[]
bs4.formatter	[]	[]
io	[]	[]
time	[]	[]
...fuzz_match	['fuzz_match']	[]
...fuzz_closest	['fuzz_closest']	[]
bs4.builder._lxml	[]	[]
cchardet	[]	[]
	[]	[]
collections	[]	[]
unicodedata	[]	[]
charset_normalizer	[]	[]
logging	[]	[]
re	[]	[]
atheris	[]	[]
lxml	[]	[]
html	[]	[]
traceback	[]	[]
soupsieve.css_types	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']	[]
bs4.builder._html5lib	[]	[]
pstats	[]	[]
bs4.dammit	[]	[]
...fuzz_select	['fuzz_select']	[]
warnings	[]	[]
copyreg	[]	[]
typing	[]	[]
bs4.builder	['fuzz_closest', 'fuzz_filter', 'fuzz_select', 'fuzz_match']	[]
bs4.css	[]	[]
soupsieve.pretty	[]	[]

Directories in report

Directory