Report generation date:
2023-02-15
Project overview: upb
High level conclusions
Fuzzers reach 61.85% of cyclomatic complexity.
Fuzzers reach 57.77% of all functions.
Reachability and coverage overview
Functions statically reachable by fuzzers
468/810
Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers
1766/2855
Runtime code coverage of functions
550 / 810
Project functions overview
The following table shows data about each function in the project. The functions included in this table correspond to all functions that exist in the executables of the fuzzers. As such, there may be functions that are from third-party libraries.
For further technical details on the meaning of columns in the below table, please see the Glossary .
| Func name | Functions filename | Args | Function call depth | Reached by Fuzzers | Fuzzers runtime hit | Func lines hit % | I Count | BB Count | Cyclomatic complexity | Functions reached | Reached by functions | Accumulated cyclomatic complexity | Undiscovered complexity |
|---|
Fuzzer details
Fuzzer: upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc
Call tree
The calltree shows the control flow of the fuzzer. This is overlaid with coverage information to display how much of the potential code a fuzzer can reach is in fact covered at runtime. In the following there is a link to a detailed calltree visualisation as well as a bitmap showing a high-level view of the calltree. For further information about these topics please see the glossary for full calltree and calltree overview
Call tree overview bitmap:
The distribution of callsites in terms of coloring is
| Color | Runtime hitcount | Callsite count | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| red | 0 | 94 | 8.04% |
| gold | [1:9] | 29 | 2.48% |
| yellow | [10:29] | 14 | 1.19% |
| greenyellow | [30:49] | 8 | 0.68% |
| lawngreen | 50+ | 1023 | 87.5% |
| All colors | 1168 | 100 |
Fuzz blockers
The following nodes represent call sites where fuzz blockers occur.
| Amount of callsites blocked | Calltree index | Parent function | Callsite | Largest blocked function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 | 121 | _upb_Decoder_NewSubMessage | call site: 00121 | upb_Decode |
| 11 | 108 | _upb_Decoder_DecodeUnknownField | call site: 00108 | upb_Decoder_DecodeMessageSetItem |
| 5 | 1037 | upb_MtDecoder_ModifyField | call site: 01037 | upb_MtDecoder_ErrorFormat |
| 3 | 55 | _upb_Decoder_DecodeMessage | call site: 00055 | upb_ExtensionRegistry_Lookup |
| 3 | 90 | _upb_BigEndian_Swap32 | call site: 00090 | upb_EpsCopyInputStream_CheckSize |
| 3 | 104 | _upb_Decoder_DecodeUnknownField | call site: 00104 | _upb_Decoder_IsDone |
| 3 | 146 | _upb_BigEndian_Swap64 | call site: 00146 | _upb_BigEndian_Swap32 |
| 3 | 291 | _upb_Message_HasNonExtensionField | call site: 00291 | _upb_getoneofcase_field |
| 2 | 84 | upb_strtable_lookup2 | call site: 00084 | _upb_Decoder_DecodeLongVarint |
| 2 | 95 | _upb_Decoder_DecodeMessage | call site: 00095 | _upb_Message_Getext |
| 2 | 98 | _upb_Message_Getexts | call site: 00098 | realloc_internal |
| 2 | 524 | upb_MiniTable_DecodeBase92Varint | call site: 00524 | upb_MtDecoder_ErrorFormat |
Runtime coverage analysis
Covered functions
550
Functions that are reachable but not covered
32
Reachable functions
469
Percentage of reachable functions covered
93.18%
NB:
The sum of
covered functions
and
functions that are reachable but not covered
need not be equal to
Reachable functions
. This is because the reachability analysis is an approximation and thus at runtime some functions may be covered that are not included in the reachability analysis. This is a limitation of our static analysis capabilities.
Warning:
The number of covered functions are larger than the number of reachable functions. This means that there are more functions covered at runtime than are extracted using static analysis. This is likely a result of the static analysis component failing to extract the right call graph or the coverage runtime being compiled with sanitizers in code that the static analysis has not analysed. This can happen if lto/gold is not used in all places that coverage instrumentation is used.
| Function name | source code lines | source lines hit | percentage hit |
|---|
Files reached
| filename | functions hit |
|---|---|
| upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc | 1 |
| ./upb/upb.hpp | 5 |
| ./upb/mem/arena.h | 5 |
| upb/mem/arena.c | 11 |
| ./upb/mem/alloc.h | 4 |
| bazel-out/k8-opt-ST-8ab593b821b7/bin/external/com_google_protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.upb.h | 66 |
| ./upb/message/internal.h | 3 |
| upb/wire/decode.c | 20 |
| ./upb/wire/eps_copy_input_stream.h | 5 |
| ./upb/wire/decode_internal.h | 2 |
| upb/message/message.c | 5 |
| ./upb/base/log2.h | 2 |
| upb/mini_table/extension_registry.c | 4 |
| upb/hash/common.c | 42 |
| ./upb/hash/common.h | 7 |
| ./upb/wire/reader.h | 1 |
| ./upb/wire/swap_internal.h | 3 |
| ./upb/mini_table/message_internal.h | 1 |
| ./upb/reflection/def.hpp | 4 |
| upb/reflection/def_pool.c | 13 |
| upb/base/status.c | 5 |
| ./upb/base/string_view.h | 2 |
| ./upb/mini_table/common.h | 1 |
| ./upb/message/accessors.h | 3 |
| upb/reflection/def_type.c | 3 |
| upb/reflection/field_def.c | 42 |
| upb/reflection/message_def.c | 32 |
| upb/reflection/enum_def.c | 12 |
| upb/reflection/enum_value_def.c | 8 |
| upb/reflection/service_def.c | 4 |
| upb/reflection/def_builder.c | 20 |
| upb/reflection/file_def.c | 9 |
| ./upb/reflection/def_builder_internal.h | 5 |
| ./upb/mini_table/field_internal.h | 10 |
| ./upb/collections/array_internal.h | 2 |
| ./upb/reflection/def_type.h | 1 |
| upb/reflection/enum_reserved_range.c | 1 |
| ./upb/reflection/desc_state_internal.h | 1 |
| upb/reflection/desc_state.c | 1 |
| upb/mini_table/encode.c | 16 |
| ./upb/mini_table/common_internal.h | 3 |
| upb/mini_table/decode.c | 40 |
| upb/reflection/oneof_def.c | 8 |
| ./upb/hash/str_table.h | 1 |
| upb/reflection/extension_range.c | 3 |
| upb/reflection/message_reserved_range.c | 1 |
| upb/reflection/method_def.c | 2 |
| upb/mini_table/common.c | 2 |
| ./upb/mini_table/decode.h | 1 |
Analyses and suggestions
Optimal target analysis
Remaining optimal interesting functions
The following table shows a list of functions that are optimal targets. Optimal targets are identified by finding the functions that in combination, yield a high code coverage.
| Func name | Functions filename | Arg count | Args | Function depth | hitcount | instr count | bb count | cyclomatic complexity | Reachable functions | Incoming references | total cyclomatic complexity | Unreached complexity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
encode_array
|
/proc/self/cwd/upb/wire/encode.c | 4 | ['struct.upb_encstate *', 'char *', 'union.upb_MiniTableSub *', 'struct.upb_MiniTableField *'] | 6 | 0 | 1514 | 214 | 59 | 73 | 20 | 356 | 259 |
_upb_Decoder_DecodeToArray
|
/proc/self/cwd/upb/wire/decode.c | 7 | ['struct.upb_Decoder *', 'char *', 'char *', 'union.upb_MiniTableSub *', 'struct.upb_MiniTableField *', 'struct.upb_value *', 'int '] | 7 | 0 | 810 | 61 | 8 | 63 | 0 | 245 | 140 |
_upb_Decoder_DecodeToMap
|
/proc/self/cwd/upb/wire/decode.c | 6 | ['struct.upb_Decoder *', 'char *', 'char *', 'union.upb_MiniTableSub *', 'struct.upb_MiniTableField *', 'struct.upb_value *'] | 13 | 0 | 354 | 35 | 6 | 114 | 0 | 430 | 38 |
Implementing fuzzers that target the above functions will improve reachability such that it becomes:
Functions statically reachable by fuzzers
546/810
Cyclomatic complexity statically reachable by fuzzers
2144 / 2855
All functions overview
If you implement fuzzers for these functions, the status of all functions in the project will be:
| Func name | Functions filename | Args | Function call depth | Reached by Fuzzers | Fuzzers runtime hit | Func lines hit % | I Count | BB Count | Cyclomatic complexity | Functions reached | Reached by functions | Accumulated cyclomatic complexity | Undiscovered complexity |
|---|
Runtime coverage analysis
This section shows analysis of runtime coverage data.
For futher technical details on how this section is generated, please see the Glossary .
Complex functions with low coverage
| Func name | Function total lines | Lines covered at runtime | percentage covered | Reached by fuzzers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| resolve_subdef | 39 | 20 | 51.28% | ['/proc/self/cwd/upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| assign_msg_wellknowntype | 42 | 23 | 54.76% | ['/proc/self/cwd/upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| encode_shouldencode | 32 | 13 | 40.62% | [] |
| encode_array | 98 | 35 | 35.71% | [] |
| encode_scalar | 77 | 30 | 38.96% | [] |
Files and Directories in report
This section shows which files and directories are considered in this report. The main reason for showing this is fuzz introspector may include more code in the reasoning than is desired. This section helps identify if too many files/directories are included, e.g. third party code, which may be irrelevant for the threat model. In the event too much is included, fuzz introspector supports a configuration file that can exclude data from the report. See the following link for more information on how to create a config file: link
Files in report
| Source file | Reached by | Covered by |
|---|---|---|
| [] | [] | |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/wire/encode.c | [] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/collections/map_sorter_internal.h | [] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/mem/arena.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/message/internal.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/external/utf8_range/naive.c | [] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/mini_table/encode.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/enum_def.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/def_pool.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/reflection/def_builder_internal.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/external/utf8_range/utf8_range.h | [] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/mini_table/common.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/def_type.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/wire/decode.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/mem/alloc.c | [] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/mini_table/extension_registry.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/upb.hpp | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/mini_table/decode.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/enum_value_def.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/desc_state.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/collections/map.c | [] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/service_def.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/oneof_def.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/enum_reserved_range.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/message_def.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/reflection/def_type.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/hash/common.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/base/status.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/wire/decode_internal.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/hash/common.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/collections/array.c | [] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/mem/arena.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/mini_table/enum_internal.h | [] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/message_reserved_range.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/mini_table/message_internal.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/base/string_view.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/extension_range.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/mini_table/field_internal.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/field_def.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/message/message.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/wire/eps_copy_input_stream.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/collections/map_sorter.c | [] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/base/log2.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/reflection/desc_state_internal.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/hash/str_table.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/wire/reader.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/wire/swap_internal.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/def_builder.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/message/accessors.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/mem/alloc.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/reflection/def.hpp | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/file_def.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/collections/map_internal.h | [] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/collections/array_internal.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/mini_table/common.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/method_def.c | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/mini_table/decode.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/mini_table/common_internal.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | [] |
| /proc/self/cwd/bazel-out/k8-opt-ST-8ab593b821b7/bin/external/com_google_protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.upb.h | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] | ['upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc'] |
Directories in report
| Directory |
|---|
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/hash/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/mini_table/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/fuzz/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/message/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/base/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/hash/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/base/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/external/utf8_range/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/reflection/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/reflection/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/bazel-out/k8-opt-ST-8ab593b821b7/bin/external/com_google_protobuf/src/google/protobuf/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/mem/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/message/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/collections/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/wire/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/mem/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/collections/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/./upb/mini_table/ |
| /proc/self/cwd/upb/wire/ |
Metadata section
This sections shows the raw data that is used to produce this report. This is mainly used for further processing and developer debugging.
| Fuzzer | Calltree file | Program data file | Coverage file |
|---|---|---|---|
| upb/fuzz/file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.cc | fuzzerLogFile-0-1mPurl4Nx0.data | fuzzerLogFile-0-1mPurl4Nx0.data.yaml | file_descriptor_parsenew_fuzzer.covreport |