{"schema_version":"1.9.0","id":"CVE-2025-12044","published":"2025-10-23T19:15:16.567Z","modified":"2026-08-12T03:51:47.954531473Z","aliases":["BIT-vault-2025-12044","GHSA-vp5w-xcfc-73wf","GO-2025-4071"],"related":["CGA-wxj8-62j7-p5vh","openSUSE-SU-2025:15710-1","openSUSE-SU-2026:21483-1"],"summary":"Vault Vulnerable to Denial of Service Due to Rate Limit Regression","details":"Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON payloads. This occurs due to a regression from a previous fix for [+HCSEC-2025-24+|https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393]  which allowed for processing JSON payloads before applying rate limits. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-12044, is fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, 1.20.5, and 1.21.0.","affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://github.com/hashicorp/vault","events":[{"introduced":"7665ff29d77e5cb3ea9ddbeaed49ee312e53c6b8"},{"fixed":"818ca8b3575ea937ca48b640baf35e1b2ede1833"}],"database_specific":{"cpe":"cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*","extracted_events":[{"introduced":"1.20.3"},{"fixed":"1.21.0"}],"source":["AFFECTED_FIELD","CPE_RANGE"]}}],"database_specific":{"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-12044.json"}}],"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-31-vault-vulnerable-to-denial-of-service-due-to-rate-limit-regression/76710"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/12xxx/CVE-2025-12044.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12044"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/hashicorp/vault"}],"database_specific":{"cna_assigner":"HashiCorp","cwe_ids":["CWE-770"],"osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/12xxx/CVE-2025-12044.json","unresolved_ranges":[{"extracted_events":[{"introduced":"1.19.9"},{"fixed":"1.19.11"},{"introduced":"1.18.14"},{"fixed":"1.18.15"},{"introduced":"1.16.25"},{"fixed":"1.16.27"}],"source":"AFFECTED_FIELD"}]},"severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V3","score":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}]}