{"schema_version":"1.7.5","id":"CVE-2025-38472","published":"2025-07-28T11:21:33.977Z","modified":"2026-07-15T01:48:58.889931914Z","related":["ALSA-2025:15005","ALSA-2025:16880","SUSE-SU-2025:03272-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03290-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03301-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03382-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03602-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03633-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03634-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20653-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20669-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20739-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20756-1","SUSE-SU-2025:21074-1","SUSE-SU-2025:21139-1","SUSE-SU-2025:21179-1","SUSE-SU-2026:20560-1","openSUSE-SU-2025:20081-1"],"summary":"netfilter: nf_conntrack: fix crash due to removal of uninitialised entry","details":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_conntrack: fix crash due to removal of uninitialised entry\n\nA crash in conntrack was reported while trying to unlink the conntrack\nentry from the hash bucket list:\n    [exception RIP: __nf_ct_delete_from_lists+172]\n    [..]\n #7 [ff539b5a2b043aa0] nf_ct_delete at ffffffffc124d421 [nf_conntrack]\n #8 [ff539b5a2b043ad0] nf_ct_gc_expired at ffffffffc124d999 [nf_conntrack]\n #9 [ff539b5a2b043ae0] __nf_conntrack_find_get at ffffffffc124efbc [nf_conntrack]\n    [..]\n\nThe nf_conn struct is marked as allocated from slab but appears to be in\na partially initialised state:\n\n ct hlist pointer is garbage; looks like the ct hash value\n (hence crash).\n ct->status is equal to IPS_CONFIRMED|IPS_DYING, which is expected\n ct->timeout is 30000 (=30s), which is unexpected.\n\nEverything else looks like normal udp conntrack entry.  If we ignore\nct->status and pretend its 0, the entry matches those that are newly\nallocated but not yet inserted into the hash:\n  - ct hlist pointers are overloaded and store/cache the raw tuple hash\n  - ct->timeout matches the relative time expected for a new udp flow\n    rather than the absolute 'jiffies' value.\n\nIf it were not for the presence of IPS_CONFIRMED,\n__nf_conntrack_find_get() would have skipped the entry.\n\nTheory is that we did hit following race:\n\ncpu x \t\t\tcpu y\t\t\tcpu z\n found entry E\t\tfound entry E\n E is expired\t\t<preemption>\n nf_ct_delete()\n return E to rcu slab\n\t\t\t\t\tinit_conntrack\n\t\t\t\t\tE is re-inited,\n\t\t\t\t\tct->status set to 0\n\t\t\t\t\treply tuplehash hnnode.pprev\n\t\t\t\t\tstores hash value.\n\ncpu y found E right before it was deleted on cpu x.\nE is now re-inited on cpu z.  cpu y was preempted before\nchecking for expiry and/or confirm bit.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t->refcnt set to 1\n\t\t\t\t\tE now owned by skb\n\t\t\t\t\t->timeout set to 30000\n\nIf cpu y were to resume now, it would observe E as\nexpired but would skip E due to missing CONFIRMED bit.\n\n\t\t\t\t\tnf_conntrack_confirm gets called\n\t\t\t\t\tsets: ct->status |= CONFIRMED\n\t\t\t\t\tThis is wrong: E is not yet added\n\t\t\t\t\tto hashtable.\n\ncpu y resumes, it observes E as expired but CONFIRMED:\n\t\t\t<resumes>\n\t\t\tnf_ct_expired()\n\t\t\t -> yes (ct->timeout is 30s)\n\t\t\tconfirmed bit set.\n\ncpu y will try to delete E from the hashtable:\n\t\t\tnf_ct_delete() -> set DYING bit\n\t\t\t__nf_ct_delete_from_lists\n\nEven this scenario doesn't guarantee a crash:\ncpu z still holds the table bucket lock(s) so y blocks:\n\n\t\t\twait for spinlock held by z\n\n\t\t\t\t\tCONFIRMED is set but there is no\n\t\t\t\t\tguarantee ct will be added to hash:\n\t\t\t\t\t\"chaintoolong\" or \"clash resolution\"\n\t\t\t\t\tlogic both skip the insert step.\n\t\t\t\t\treply hnnode.pprev still stores the\n\t\t\t\t\thash value.\n\n\t\t\t\t\tunlocks spinlock\n\t\t\t\t\treturn NF_DROP\n\t\t\t<unblocks, then\n\t\t\t crashes on hlist_nulls_del_rcu pprev>\n\nIn case CPU z does insert the entry into the hashtable, cpu y will unlink\nE again right away but no crash occurs.\n\nWithout 'cpu y' race, 'garbage' hlist is of no consequence:\nct refcnt remains at 1, eventually skb will be free'd and E gets\ndestroyed via: nf_conntrack_put -> nf_conntrack_destroy -> nf_ct_destroy.\n\nTo resolve this, move the IPS_CONFIRMED assignment after the table\ninsertion but before the unlock.\n\nPablo points out that the confirm-bit-store could be reordered to happen\nbefore hlist add resp. the timeout fixup, so switch to set_bit and\nbefore_atomic memory barrier to prevent this.\n\nIt doesn't matter if other CPUs can observe a newly inserted entry right\nbefore the CONFIRMED bit was set:\n\nSuch event cannot be distinguished from above \"E is the old incarnation\"\ncase: the entry will be skipped.\n\nAlso change nf_ct_should_gc() to first check the confirmed bit.\n\nThe gc sequence is:\n 1. Check if entry has expired, if not skip to next entry\n 2. Obtain a reference to the expired entry.\n 3. Call nf_ct_should_gc() to double-check step 1.\n\nnf_ct_should_gc() is thus called only for entries that already failed an\nexpiry check. After this patch, once the confirmed bit check pas\n---truncated---","affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"1397af5bfd7d32b0cf2adb70a78c9a9e8f11d912"},{"fixed":"a47ef874189d47f934d0809ae738886307c0ea22"},{"fixed":"76179961c423cd698080b5e4d5583cf7f4fcdde9"},{"fixed":"fc38c249c622ff5e3011b8845fd49dbfd9289afc"},{"fixed":"938ce0e8422d3793fe30df2ed0e37f6bc0598379"},{"fixed":"2d72afb340657f03f7261e9243b44457a9228ac7"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"594cea2c09f7cd440d1ee1c4547d5bc6a646b0e4"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"5.18.13"},{"fixed":"5.19"}]}],"versions":["v5.18","v5.18.12","v5.18.11","v5.18.10","v5.18.9","v5.18.8","v5.18-rc1","v5.18.7","v5.18.6","v5.18.5","v5.18.4","v5.18.3","v5.18.2","v5.18.1","v5.18-rc7","v5.18-rc2","v5.18-rc5","v5.17","v5.18-rc4","v5.18-rc3","v5.18-rc6","v5.17-rc6","v5.17-rc4","v5.17-rc8","v5.17-rc7","v5.17-rc1","v5.17-rc3","v5.17-rc2","v5.17-rc5","v5.16","v5.16-rc1","v5.16-rc8","v5.16-rc5","v5.16-rc6","v5.16-rc7","v5.16-rc3","v5.16-rc2","v5.16-rc4","v5.15","v5.15-rc2","v5.15-rc1","v5.15-rc4","v5.15-rc7","v5.15-rc3","v5.15-rc5","v5.15-rc6","v5.14","v5.14-rc3","v5.14-rc1","v5.14-rc2","v5.14-rc7","v5.14-rc6","v5.13-rc1","v5.14-rc5","v5.14-rc4","v5.13","v5.13-rc6","v5.13-rc7","v5.13-rc3","v5.13-rc2","v5.13-rc4","v5.13-rc5","v5.12","v5.12-rc2","v5.12-rc1-dontuse","v5.12-rc1","v5.12-rc8","v5.12-rc3","v5.12-rc7","v5.12-rc5","v5.12-rc6","v5.12-rc4","v5.10","v5.11","v5.11-rc3","v5.11-rc7","v5.11-rc6","v5.11-rc5","v5.11-rc1","v5.11-rc4","v5.11-rc2","v5.10-rc1","v5.10-rc7","v5.10-rc4","v5.10-rc3","v5.10-rc6","v5.9","v5.10-rc2","v5.10-rc5","v5.9-rc1","v5.9-rc7","v5.9-rc8","v5.9-rc6","v5.9-rc4","v5.9-rc5","v5.9-rc3","v5.9-rc2","v5.8","v5.7","v5.8-rc2","v5.8-rc1","v5.8-rc7","v5.8-rc5","v5.8-rc3","v5.8-rc4","v5.8-rc6","v5.7-rc4","v5.7-rc7","v5.7-rc1","v5.7-rc3","v5.7-rc2","v5.7-rc5","v5.7-rc6","v5.6","v5.6-rc1","v5.6-rc7","v5.6-rc6","v5.6-rc3","v5.6-rc4","v5.6-rc2","v5.6-rc5","v5.5","v5.5-rc5","v5.5-rc7","v5.5-rc2","v5.5-rc1","v5.4","v5.5-rc4","v5.5-rc3","v5.5-rc6","v5.4-rc1","v5.4-rc6","v5.4-rc3","v5.4-rc4","v5.4-rc8","v5.4-rc7","v5.4-rc5","v5.3","v5.4-rc2","v5.3-rc5","v5.3-rc1","v5.3-rc2","v5.3-rc3","v5.3-rc8","v5.3-rc7","v5.3-rc4","v5.2","v5.3-rc6","v5.2-rc2","v5.2-rc7","v5.2-rc4","v5.2-rc1","v5.2-rc5","v5.2-rc6","v5.2-rc3","v5.1","v5.0-rc8","v5.1-rc7","v5.1-rc1","v5.1-rc6","v5.1-rc5","v5.0","v5.1-rc3","v5.1-rc2","v5.1-rc4","v5.0-rc1","v5.0-rc4","v5.0-rc3","v5.0-rc6","v5.0-rc7","v5.0-rc2","v5.0-rc5","v4.20-rc1","v4.19","v4.20","v4.20-rc7","v4.20-rc5","v4.20-rc6","v4.20-rc4","v4.20-rc2","v4.20-rc3","v4.19-rc2","v4.19-rc8","v4.19-rc4","v4.19-rc1","v4.19-rc7","v4.19-rc6","v4.19-rc5","v4.19-rc3","v4.18","v4.18-rc1","v4.18-rc8","v4.18-rc2","v4.18-rc5","v4.18-rc6","v4.18-rc7","v4.17","v4.18-rc3","v4.18-rc4","v4.17-rc1","v4.17-rc2","v4.17-rc7","v4.17-rc3","v4.17-rc4","v4.16","v4.17-rc6","v4.17-rc5","v4.16-rc7","v4.16-rc4","v4.16-rc1","v4.16-rc2","v4.16-rc5","v4.16-rc3","v4.16-rc6","v4.14","v4.15","v4.15-rc1","v4.15-rc4","v4.15-rc9","v4.15-rc8","v4.15-rc7","v4.15-rc3","v4.15-rc2","v4.15-rc5","v4.15-rc6","v4.14-rc1","v4.14-rc7","v4.14-rc3","v4.13","v4.14-rc8","v4.14-rc4","v4.14-rc6","v4.14-rc2","v4.14-rc5","v4.13-rc2","v4.13-rc1","v4.13-rc3","v4.13-rc7","v4.13-rc4","v4.13-rc5","v4.13-rc6","v4.12-rc1","v4.12","v4.12-rc5","v4.12-rc7","v4.12-rc6","v4.12-rc4","v4.12-rc2","v4.12-rc3","v4.11","v4.11-rc1","v4.11-rc6","v4.11-rc8","v4.11-rc7","v4.11-rc3","v4.11-rc5","v4.11-rc2","v4.11-rc4","v4.10","v4.9","v4.10-rc8","v4.10-rc3","v4.10-rc1","v4.10-rc7","v4.10-rc6","v4.10-rc2","v4.10-rc5","v4.10-rc4","v4.9-rc7","v4.9-rc6","v4.9-rc8","v4.9-rc1","v4.9-rc5","v4.9-rc3","v4.9-rc4","v4.9-rc2","v4.8","v4.8-rc8","v4.8-rc2","v4.8-rc1","v4.8-rc7","v4.8-rc6","v4.8-rc5","v4.8-rc4","v4.8-rc3","v4.7","v4.7-rc4","v4.7-rc2","v4.7-rc1","v4.7-rc7","v4.7-rc6","v4.7-rc3","v4.7-rc5","v4.6","v4.6-rc1","v4.6-rc6","v4.6-rc4","v4.6-rc7","v4.6-rc5","v4.5-rc4","v4.6-rc2","v4.6-rc3","v4.5","v4.4","v4.5-rc1","v4.5-rc6","v4.5-rc2","v4.5-rc7","v4.5-rc5","v4.5-rc3","v4.4-rc1","v4.4-rc2","v4.4-rc8","v4.4-rc3","v4.4-rc7","v4.4-rc5","v4.4-rc6","v4.4-rc4","v4.3","v4.3-rc1","v4.3-rc6","v4.3-rc4","v4.3-rc2","v4.3-rc7","v4.3-rc5","v4.3-rc3","v4.2","v4.2-rc2","v4.2-rc1","v4.2-rc8","v4.2-rc4","v4.2-rc6","v4.2-rc7","v4.0-rc5","v4.2-rc5","v4.2-rc3","v4.1-rc2","v4.1","v4.1-rc1","v4.1-rc8","v4.1-rc7","v4.1-rc6","v4.1-rc3","v4.1-rc4","v4.0","v4.1-rc5","v4.0-rc1","v4.0-rc2","v4.0-rc7","v4.0-rc3","v4.0-rc6","v4.0-rc4","v3.19","v3.19-rc7","v3.19-rc5","v3.19-rc1","v3.19-rc6","v3.19-rc4","v3.18-rc1","v3.19-rc3","v3.19-rc2","v3.18","v3.18-rc7","v3.18-rc6","v3.18-rc2","v3.18-rc3","v3.18-rc4","v3.18-rc5","v3.17","v3.17-rc1","v3.17-rc7","v3.17-rc2","v3.17-rc4","v3.16","v3.17-rc5","v3.17-rc6","v3.17-rc3","v3.16-rc7","v3.16-rc1","v3.16-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