---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- zipcode (unlabeled) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type: numeric (long) range: [1001,99926] units: 1 unique values: 25190 missing .: 0/25190 mean: 48429.1 std. dev: 27230.2 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 12119 26575 47689 71073 87730 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pct_lesshs Percent of Population with less than a HS education ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type: numeric (float) range: [0,72.157532] units: 1.000e-07 unique values: 24258 missing .: 0/25190 mean: 6.7378 std. dev: 6.2743 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 1.53888 2.72241 4.84812 8.70967 13.9643 Source: American Community Survey ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pct_100fpl Percent of population below 100% Federal Poverty Level ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type: numeric (float) range: [0,82.795647] units: 1.000e-07 unique values: 24275 missing .: 0/25190 mean: 13.5445 std. dev: 8.40016 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 4.61058 7.4458 11.8714 17.6733 24.5151 Source: American Community Survey ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- smooth_a1c Spatially smoothed estimated HbA1c testing rate ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type: numeric (float) range: [.0576923,1] units: 1.000e-07 unique values: 1740 missing .: 0/25190 mean: .834254 std. dev: .072545 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% .75 .797297 .842857 .881944 .912281 Source: Authors' calculations from Medicare claims data ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pct_afr_amer Percent of population African American ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type: numeric (float) range: [0,99] units: .1 unique values: 924 missing .: 0/25190 mean: 9.32919 std. dev: 16.6341 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% .3 .7 2 9.4 29 Source: 2010 US Census ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tot_pop Total Population, Census 2010 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type: numeric (long) range: [1,113916] units: 1 unique values: 15129 missing .: 0/25190 mean: 12051.2 std. dev: 14610.3 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 766 1737 5384 18082 33204 Source: 2010 US Census ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bene_pop Number of diabetic Medicare beneficiaries ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type: numeric (int) range: [25,447] units: 1 unique values: 147 missing .: 18476/25190 mean: 49.4321 std. dev: 24.2006 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 27 32 43 59 80 Source: Authors' calculations from Medicare claims data (Note: ZIP codes with fewer than 25 diabetic beneficiaries were coded as “missing” for this variable) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_a1c Raw HbA1c testing rate ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type: numeric (float) range: [0,1] units: 1.000e-07 unique values: 905 missing .: 18476/25190 mean: .834757 std. dev: .073727 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% .742857 .793104 .84 .884615 .92 Source: Authors' calculations from Medicare claims data (Note: ZIP codes with fewer than 25 diabetic beneficiaries were coded as “missing” for this variable) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- popden_decile Decile of population density ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type: numeric (byte) range: [1,10] units: 1 unique values: 10 missing .: 0/25190 mean: 3.27459 std. dev: 2.74195 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 1 1 2 5 8 Source: 2010 US Census ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a1c_decile Beneficiary-weighted decile of HbA1c testing rate ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type: numeric (byte) range: [1,10] units: 1 unique values: 10 missing .: 0/25190 mean: 5.57221 std. dev: 2.91528 percentiles: 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 1 3 6 8 10 Source: Authors' calculations from Medicare claims data