The Publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce copyright material:

Photo credits p1 © dancurko / iStock / Thinkstock p10 (t) © Rafael Ben-Ari – Fotolia.com p10 (b) © pjhpix – Fotolia.com p11 (t) © ATGImages / iStock / Thinkstock p11 (b) © Robert Morris / Alamy p 12 © jool-yan – Fotolia.com p27 (t) © Pavel Losevsky – Fotolia.com p27 (bl) © Jenifoto – Fotolia.com p27 (br) © AndyRowland / iStock/Thinkstock p29 (t) © Scott Thomas / iStock / Thinkstock p29 (b) © grafxart8888 / iStock / Thinkstock p30 (t) © Karen Kasmauski / Science Faction / Getty images p30 (b) © underwaterstas – Fotolia.com p31 (t) © PLANETOBSERVER / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY p31 (b) © NOEL CELIS/AFP / Getty Images p33 © Mark Pearson / Alamy p34 © economic images / Alamy p36 (t) © Purestock / Thinkstock p36 (b) © XiXinXing / iStock / Thinkstock p42 (t) © Pukkashots.com / Alamy p42 (mt) © Andrew Holt / Alamy p42 (mb) © Cotswolds Photo Library / Alamy p42 (b) © Ian Dagnall / Alamy p 46 (l) © David J. Green / Alamy p46 (r) © incamerastock / Alamy p48 © Richard Bird / Geograph.co.uk via Wikipedia Commons (Attribution ShareAlik Licence 2.0 Generic - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en) p52 (tl) © irisphoto1 – Fotolia.com p52 (tr) © Gergo Orban / iStock / Thinkstock p52 (bl) © geogphotos / Alamy p52 (br) © Archimage / Alamy p55 © Neil Cooper / Alamy p56 © Cifotart – Fotolia.com p65 © starekase / iStock/Thinkstock p66 © Robert Read Road Signs / Alamy p67 (tl) © Goinyk Volodymyr – Fotolia.com p67 (tr) © Remains / iStock / Thinkstock p67 (cl) © ivolodina – Fotolia.com p67 (cr) © samer chand / iStock / Thinkstock p67 (b) © kirstyokeeffe / iStock / Thinkstock p68 © claudiodivizia / iStock / Thinkstock p69 (t) © dmitrydesigner – Fotolia.com p69 (b) © ValMansfield / iStock / Thinkstock p70 © Kevin Clark / Alamy p73 © steverts / iStock / Thinkstock p75 (t) © HERVE DONNEZAN / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY p75 (b) © Hemeroskopion – Fotolia.com p76 (l) © kzenon / iStock / Thinkstock p76 (r) © luchshen – Fotolia.com p79 © Jiri Rezac / Alamy p82 © Image Source White / Image Source / Thinkstock p84 (t) © morenosoppelsa / iStock / Thinkstock p84 (b) © tim gartside london / Alamy p85 © david martyn hughes / Alamy p86 (t) © Skyscan Photolibrary / Alamy p86 (b) © Paul Thompson Images / Alamy p87 © Creatas / Thinkstock p88 © Jon Arnold Images Ltd / Alamy p89 (t) © Photofusion Picture Library / Alamy p89 (b) © Jon Hicks / Alamy p91 © Mark Boulton / Alamy p92 © Photo Japan / Alamy p93 © David Jones / PA Archive / Press Association Images p94 © Anwar Hussain / Demotix / Demotix / Press Association Images p95 © STRDEL/AFP / Getty Images p97 © SCPhotos / Alamy p100 © mur162 – Fotolia.com p102 © Bernard Breton / iStock / Thinkstock p104 © septemberlegs / iStock / Thinkstock p105 © David Poole / Alamy p106 © Chris Howes / Wild Places Photography / Alamy p109 © PHILIPPE PLAILLY / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY p110 © Gavin Hellier / Alamy p115 © G P Bowater / Alamy p116 © gnomeandi / iStockEditorial / Thinkstock p117 (t) © Sergio Boccardo/ iStock/Thinkstock p117 (b) © First Hydro Company – which is part of a joint venture between International Power Ltd. and Mitsui & Co., Ltd p118 © First Hydro Company – which is part of a joint venture between International Power Ltd. and Mitsui & Co., Ltd p122 © Stocktrek Images / Thinkstock p141 © Cultura Creative (RF) / Alamy

Acknowledgements This product includes mapping data licensed from Ordnance Survey ® reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO. © Crown copyright 2007. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 150001477. Ordnance Survey and the OS symbol are registered trademarks and Explorer and Landranger are trademarks of the Ordnance Survey, the national mapping agency of Great Britain.

Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the Publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

Although every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of going to press, Galore Park cannot be held responsible for the content of any website mentioned in this book. It is sometimes possible to find a relocated web page by typing in the address of the home page for a website in the URL window of your browser.

Hachette UK’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made from wood grown in sustainable forests.

The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.

Orders: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4SB. Telephone: +44 (0)1235 827827. Lines are open 9.00a.m.–5.00p.m., Monday to Saturday, with a 24-hour message answering service. Visit our website at www.galorepark.co.uk for details of other revision guides for Common Entrance, examination papers and Galore Park publications.

Published by Galore Park Publishing Ltd,

An Hachette UK company

338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH

www.galorepark.co.uk

Text copyright © James Dale-Adcock 2014

The right of James Dale-Adcock to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Impression number | 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
| 2018  2017  2016  2015  2014

All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the copyright owner or a licence permitting restricted copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.

Typeset in 11.5/13 pt ITC Officina Book

Illustrations by Aptara, Inc.

Printed in Italy

A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978 1 471827 28 0
eISBN: 978 1 471831 56 0

About the author

James Dale-Adcock held the post of Head of Geography at Cranleigh Preparatory School for fifteen years and is currently their Director of Studies. During this time James has worked closely with Elizabeth Holtom (author of the successful Study Skills) to produce a range of resources which develop skills for pupils regardless of their learning style or level.

James also sits on the governing body at another local Surrey school and is actively involved in directing education policy at his own school and within the independent preparatory sector as a whole.

James has travelled extensively throughout Europe and beyond, a hobby that has fuelled his passion for geography and, when his young family is a little older, he wishes to return to – preferably on his motorbike!

Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1 Mapwork

              1.1  Basic skills revision: grid references, distance and height on OS maps

              1.2  Map symbols showing human and physical features

              1.3  How OS maps can be used to study other topics

Chapter 2 Population and settlement

              2.1  Population distribution and changes in Britain and beyond

              2.2  The population explosion and what it means for the future

              2.3  The site and situation of a settlement

              2.4  Settlement patterns and functions

              2.5  The settlement hierarchy, shops and services

              2.6  Urban land use patterns in Britain

              2.7  The effects of migration on settlements

Chapter 3 Transport and industry

              3.1  Britain’s transport networks

              3.2  HS2 rail proposal

              3.3  Putting jobs into different categories

              3.4  Examples of primary, secondary and tertiary activities (industries)

              3.5  The Toyota car plant at Burnaston

              3.6  Jaguar expansion at Solihull

              3.7  Bangladesh factory collapse, April 2013

              3.8  The effects of globalisation on industry

Chapter 4 Environmental issues

              4.1  What is the environment and why does it need protecting?

              4.2  Sustainable development in the Peak District National Park

              4.3  Sustainable development in the Tsavo National Park, Kenya

              4.4  Sustainable development for the future

Chapter 5 Location knowledge

              5.1  The world’s major physical features

              5.2  The British Isles

              5.3  Countries, capitals and major cities

              5.4  Other features of the globe

Chapter 6 Essential exam technique

              6.1  The Common Entrance Examination

              6.2  The Common Academic Scholarship Examination

Appendix Ordnance Survey map keys

Key taken from 1:25 000 scale OS Explorer maps

Key taken from 1:50 000 scale OS Landranger maps

Glossary

Introduction

The target audience for this textbook is Year 7 and 8 pupils working towards the ISEB Common Entrance Geography exam. Having studied the physical processes which shape our landscape in Geography for Common Entrance: Physical Geography, this book now explores the impact humankind has had on the landscape and environment. Together, these books form a course which cements skills and subject material identified in both the recently revised National Curriculum syllabus and ISEB syllabus. Remember to look out for ‘Exam tip’ boxes which are useful for revision purposes. These concise text boxes provide insight into what an exam marker may be looking for in an answer.

Study of location knowledge is graduated over the two-book Geography for Common Entrance series. This book builds upon the foundation level location knowledge material found in Geography for Common Entrance: Physical Geography, adding a final layer of information and questions as required for the Common Entrance examination at the end of Year 8.

These extra passages are supported by appropriately more challenging extension questions.

Although modelled around the ISEB syllabus, both books in the series contain stand-alone chapters and sub-chapters which are not directly examined within the syllabus. These are included to help broaden the knowledge of all children, but particularly those working towards scholarship examinations.

Notes on features in this book

Each chapter is punctuated by keywords. Definitions of these keywords can be found in the glossary at the end of the book. To assist with exam preparation those words in the glossary which are directly used in the Common Entrance syllabus are underlined. These syllabus words may be used in exam questions and would appear in the best answers written by pupils.

The recently revised ISEB Common Entrance and Common Academic Scholarship syllabus places a significant emphasis on learning theory and skills based on topic case studies and, where possible, contemporary examples. This approach permeates this textbook, with every opportunity taken to relate theory and skills to detailed recent examples. The reader is also given tailored guidance of how to research suitable contemporary examples through the ‘Geography in the news’ boxes.