The Publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce copyright material:

Photo credits page 7 top © Marco Saracco – Fotolia.com; page 7 bottom © roger Pilkington – Fotolia.com; page 11 top © REX; page 11 bottom © REX/Duncan Bryceland; page 20 © ANDY BUCHANAN / Stringer / Getty Images; page 25 © REX/Ken McKay/ITV; page 37 © REX/Robert Perry; page 39 © Douglas Carr / Alamy; page 49 © britstock images ltd / Alamy; page 57 top © Scottish Children’s Reporter Administration; page 57 bottom © Children’s Hearings Scotland; page 61 © Dominic Cocozza ; page 70 © User:Wapcaplet / Wikimedia Commons (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en); page 76 left © Denis Tangney Jr / Getty Images; page 76 right © Edward Parker / Alamy; page 80 top Courtesy of PhiLiP via Wikimedia Commons, Translation by Peter17 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en); page 80 bottom © REX/ZUMA; page 87 © djama – Fotolia.com; page 88 © David South / Alamy; page 92 © STR / Stringer / Getty Images; page 95 top © kosmozoo / Getty Images; page 95 bottom left © African National Congress; page 95 bottom right © National Freedom Party; page 96 top left © Democratic Alliance; page 96 top right © United Democratic Movement; page 96 centre left © Economic Freedom Fighters; page 96 centre right © Congress of the People; page 96 bottom © Inkatha Freedom Party; page 107 © Laurent VAN DER STOCKT / Getty Images; page 113 © Oxfam

Acknowledgements Exam question copyright © Scottish Qualifications Authority (p 32; the model answer does not emanate from SQA); An extract from p14 of ‘Equally Well: Report of the Ministerial Task Force on Health Inequalities’ produced by The Scottish Government 2008 (http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/229649/0062206.pdf) © Crown copyright 2008. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. (p 48); Exam question copyright © Scottish Qualifications Authority (p 52; the model answer does not emanate from SQA); Extracts taken from http://www.scra.gov.uk/publications/online_statistical_service.cfm © Scottish Children’s Reporter Administration and http://www.scra.gov.uk/children_s_hearings_system/index.cfm © Children’s Hearings Scotland (pp 56–58); An extract adapted from the article ‘More than 5000 join anti-rape midnight protest’ by Martin Williams, from The Herald, 10 June 2014 © Herald & Times Group (p 61); Extracts from www.gov.uk and www.sps.gov.uk © Crown Copyright. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. (pp 64–65); An extract from The Fall of the ANC by Prince Mashele and Mzukisi Qobo, published by Picador Africa 2014, an imprint of Pan Macmillan (p 94); Exam question copyright © Scottish Qualifications Authority (pp 120–21; the model answer does not emanate from SQA); Charts adapted from ‘National Voting Intention: the impact of the first debate – How would you vote if there were a General Election tomorrow’ taken from General Election 2010, The Leaders’ Debates, The worms’ final verdict – lessons to be learned 30 April 2010, by Ipsos Mori. Chart A ‘Before the first debate: 21–23 March’ (Base: All certain to vote = 833 unweighted; data collected among 1503 British adults 18+, 19th–22nd March 2010). Chart B: ‘After the first debate: 18th–19th April (Base: All certain to vote = 802 unweighted; data collected among 1253 British adults 18+, 18th–19th April 2010). Reproduced by kind permission of Ipsos MORI (p 121); Exam question copyright © Scottish Qualifications Authority (pp 122–24; the model answer does not emanate from SQA).

Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the Publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

Although every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of going to press, Hodder Gibson cannot be held responsible for the content of any website mentioned in this book. It is sometimes possible to find a relocated web page by typing in the address of the home page for a website in the URL window of your browser.

Hachette UK’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made from wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.

Orders: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4SB. Telephone: (44) 01235 827720. Fax: (44) 01235 400454. Lines are open 9.00–5.00, Monday to Saturday, with a 24-hour message answering service. Visit our website at www.hoddereducation.co.uk. Hodder Gibson can be contacted direct on: Telephone: 0141 848 1609; Fax: 0141 889 6315; email: hoddergibson@hodder.co.uk.

© Frank Cooney, Steph O’Reilly, Mary Clare McGinty 2015

First published in 2015 by

Hodder Gibson, an imprint of Hodder Education,

An Hachette UK Company

2a Christie Street

Paisley PA1 1NB

Impression number |       5  4  3  2  1
Year | 2020  2019  2018  2017  2016  2015

All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or held within any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.

Cover photo © Yadvigagr/Dreamstime.com – Globe With 28 European Union Countries And Flags Photo

Illustrations by Aptara, Inc.

Typeset in 13/15 Cronos Pro Light by Aptara, Inc.

Printed in Spain.

A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.

ISBN: 978 1 4718 3597 1
eISBN: 978 1 4718 3599 5

Introduction

This revision book will help you to achieve the best possible result in your CfE Higher Modern Studies examination by explaining clearly what you need to know about the exam and what knowledge and skills you will need to display.

Access to the Hodder Gibson CfE Higher Modern Studies textbooks will enhance the use of this revision guide. Each of these books (and this How to Pass) has been endorsed by the Scottish Qualifications Authority.

The textbooks are:

•  Democracy in Scotland and the UK

•  Social Issues in the UK

•  International Issues.

You have already covered all or most of the skills and knowledge required to pass the exam but revision has a very important role to play. By working your way through this book you will find it much easier to understand what you need to display in your assessment answers. This will enhance your confidence and enable you to achieve your full potential.

You will also find advice about the assignment, in which you will apply research and decision-making skills in the context of a Modern Studies topic or issue of your own choice. This assignment is important as it will be marked by SQA and will contribute to your overall mark and grade.

We hope you will find this book of great value and support.

Good luck!

Part One: How you will be tested

The CfE Higher award is made up of internally and externally marked assessments. To achieve the award, you need to pass the internal assessment for each of the following units:

•  Democracy in Scotland and the United Kingdom

•  Social Issues in the United Kingdom

•  International Issues.

You also need to pass the Added Value unit for CfE Higher. This is an externally marked assessment that consists of two parts:

•  Higher question paper (60 marks)

•  Higher assignment (30 marks).

Total marks available: 90 marks

The marks you achieve in the question paper and assignment are added together and an overall mark will indicate a pass or fail. From this, your course award will then be graded.

Chapter 1

The exam

The question paper

The question paper is worth a total of 60 marks, with up to 20 marks awarded for each of the three units. Essay questions will be allocated 44 marks in total. The duration of the exam is two hours and 15 minutes.

What types of questions will I need to answer?

There are two types of skills questions that you will have practised in class. These are:

1  Using sources of information to identify to what extent it is accurate to state that …

2  Using sources of information to identify what conclusions can be drawn.

Remember

In your course exam, the knowledge and skills questions for International Issues will not refer to a particular country or a particular issue. You will be expected to base your answer on your knowledge and understanding of your studied world power or issue.

In Part Five of this book we will look at examples of skills-based questions and students’ answers.

In the knowledge section of your exam you will answer four types of questions:

•  Discuss: 20-mark extended response, for example:

    A world power has influence and power in international relations.

    Discuss with reference to a world power you have studied.

•  To what extent: 20-mark extended response, for example:

    To what extent has a world issue you have studied been resolved by international organisations?

•  Evaluate: 12-mark extended response, for example:

    One aim of an electoral system is to provide fair representation.

    Evaluate the effectiveness of an electoral system you have studied in providing fair representation.

    You should refer to the electoral system used in Scotland or the United Kingdom or both in your answer.

•  Analyse: 12-mark extended response, for example:

    Analyse the different lifestyle choices that may result in poor health.

Remember

In your exam, the skills-based questions can appear in any two of the three units.

Do I have choice?

Your teacher will usually have chosen one topic from each of the three units for you to study and you will answer questions on these topics in your exam. In Democracy in Scotland and the UK there will be a mandatory (compulsory) section covering Scotland’s place in the UK political system and usually you will then concentrate on either the UK or the Scottish dimension. Your teacher will choose from the options listed opposite for each unit.

Unit of the course

Option one

Option two

Democracy in Scotland and the UK

Democracy in Scotland

Democracy in the UK

Social Issues in the UK

Social Inequality

Crime and the Law

International Issues

World Powers

World Issues

Hints & tips

What makes a good knowledge answer?

•  One that answers the question and only provides knowledge and understanding and analysis/evaluation that is relevant to the question.

•  One that is an appropriate length. Use the number of marks assigned to each question as a guide to how much you should write and how much time to devote to the question. An answer to a 20-mark extended writing question should include greater higher-order skills of analysis and evaluation and a more structured answer than one to a 12-mark question.

•  One that uses up-to-date examples to illustrate your understanding of the question being asked.

•  One that includes a range of points, detailed explanation and description and accurate exemplification, analysis and evaluation.

What makes a bad knowledge answer?

•  One that does not answer the question, or tries to change the question being asked. This is sometimes called ‘turning a question’.

•  One that gives detailed description or explanation that is not relevant to the question.

•  One that contains information that is out of date (you should be especially careful of this in the International Issues unit).

•  One that simply consists of a list of facts with no development. You must tailor your answer to the question, and only give information that is relevant to what is being asked.