About the author

Nicholas Oulton read History at Oriel College, Oxford and has an MA in Classics from London University. He taught Latin and Greek for ten years before writing the So you really want to learn Latin course and founding Galore Park in 1998.

Acknowledgements

The author and the publisher would like to thank Stephen Anderson for his generosity and support in producing this book. Stephen studied classics at Trinity College, Dublin and St John’s College, Cambridge. From 1980 to 2015 he taught at Winchester College, where he was Head of Classics from 1984 to 2008 and subsequently Senior Tutor. In October 2015 he took up a new post as Lecturer in Classical Languages at New College, Oxford.

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ISBN: 9781471867415
eISBN: 9781471866937

Text copyright © N.R.R. Oulton 2016

First published in 2016 by

Galore Park Publishing Ltd,

An Hachette UK Company

Carmelite House

50 Victoria Embankment

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www.galorepark.co.uk

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Cover photo © AskinTulayOver - istockphoto.com

Illustration of a Roman soldier on p31 by Tony Randall. All other illustrations by Aptara, Inc.

Typeset in India

Printed in Italy

A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.

Contents

    Introduction

1 3rd declension nouns

    Working with 3rd declension nouns

    Neuter 3rd declension nouns

    Agreement of adjectives with 3rd declension nouns

    A note on names

    English derivations

    Vocabulary 1

    Food and meals

2 The future tense; non-increasing 3rd declension nouns

    The future tense

    Non-increasing 3rd declension nouns

    Future tense of sum

    Julius Caesar

    Vocabulary 2

    Slavery

3 The future tense (contd.); nōnne and num

    Future of regō, audiō and capiō

    nēmō and nihil

    nōnne and num

    et … et

    The Roman army

    Vocabulary 3

4 The pluperfect tense; numerals 11–20; personal pronouns

    The pluperfect tense

    Numerals 11–20

    Personal pronouns

    Vocabulary 4

    The theatre

5 3rd declension adjectives; is, ea, id

    3rd declension adjectives

    is, ea, id

    Vocabulary 5

    Roman houses

6 The comparison of adjectives

    Regular comparison of adjectives

    Declension of comparative and superlative adjectives

    Comparing nouns

    Adjectives in -er and -ilis

    Irregular comparison

    Vocabulary 6

    The amphitheatre

7 Hic, haec, hoc; ille, illa, illud

    Hic, haec, hoc

    ille, illa, illud

    Vocabulary 7

    Army camps

8 possum; eō; reflexive pronouns

    possum = I am able

    eō = I go

    Reflexive pronouns

    Vocabulary 8

    Baths and clothing

9 Concessive clauses; prohibitions

    Concessive clauses

    Prohibitions

    Vocabulary 9

    The Circus

10 Revision and exam practice

     Revision: nouns

     Revision: adjectives

     Revision: pronouns

     Revision: prepositions

     Revision: verbs

     Revision: questions

     Revision: concessive clauses and prohibitions

     Revision: adverbs, conjunctions, etc.

     Revision: numerals

     Revision: translating into Latin

     Exam practice

     Guide to pronunciation

     Summary of grammar

     Latin–English vocabulary

     English–Latin vocabulary

Introduction

In this book we dig deeper into the workings of the Latin language, learning to cope with 3rd declension nouns and adjectives, two more tenses and a whole load of irregular verbs. Just as importantly, we learn more about the Romans themselves: their food and clothing, their houses and their leisure pastimes, and more of their history, including a sneak preview of the mighty Julius Caesar. We also read stories about Ulysses (better known to most of us as Odysseus) on his way home from the Trojan War, and Perseus, the slayer of the Gorgon Medusa.

The Romans, as you may know by now, were fascinated by the culture of Ancient Greece, and absorbed much of it into their own. Be careful, however, with the fact that in many cases, they gave Latin names to Greek gods, goddesses and figures from mythology. Thus we read in Latin of the hero Ulixēs, translated into English as Ulysses, but known to the Greeks as Odysseus. A similar thing happens with the king of the gods. The Romans called him Iuppiter, translated into English as Jupiter, and known to the Greeks as Zeus.

As in Book 1, we have marked the vowels on the Latin words where these should be pronounced as long with a macron (e.g. nārrat, fēmina, īnsula, rogō, tūtus). Learning to pronounce the words correctly is an important part of Latin. As you go further with the language, and start reading Latin poetry, you will find it essential to know whether a vowel is long or short, and the best way to master this is to learn it correctly when you first meet a new word.

Once again, vocabularies for learning are given at the end of each chapter, and a complete set of English–Latin and Latin–English vocabularies is given at the end of the book. There is a summary of all the grammar that you cover in Books 1 and 2 at the back, and you will also find there a more detailed guide to pronunciation.

Notes on features in this book

Exercise

Exercises are provided to give you plenty of opportunities to practise what you have learned.

Useful rules and reminders are scattered throughout the book.

The box on the right makes it clear that you are studying a non-linguistic topic required by the ISEB Classics syllabus. Non-linguistic topics are about:

•   aspects of domestic life in Rome

•   early Roman legends

•   Roman entertainment

•   the Roman army

•   Roman Britain

•   Greek mythology.

This topic is part of the Non-Linguistic Studies section of the ISEB syllabus.

There is a wealth of information to help you with the questions in these non-linguistic topics in Greeks & Romans by A.M. Wright, published by Galore Park.

Go further

This heading highlights material that is beyond the requirements of the ISEB syllabus. You do not need to remember this material for your exam, but it will help you understand some interesting aspects of the language.