Long Description

At the top, the title my revision notes is written, followed by Edexcel A S/ A-level History. The main title of the book, RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION, is in large capital letters, while the subtitle, 1894 to 1924, is displayed beneath in smaller text. Just below the text is a Soviet-era commemorative badge or medallion featuring a profile of Vladimir Lenin. The author's name, Robin Bunce, is located at the bottom of the cover. The publisher's logo, Hodder Education, is shown at the bottom right corner, with the phrase AN HACHETTE U K COMPANY underneath it.

Long Description

At the top, the title my revision notes is written, followed by Edexcel A S and A-level History. The main title of the book, RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION, is in large capital letters, while the subtitle, 1894 to 1924, is displayed beneath in smaller text. The author's name, Robin Bunce, is located at the bottom of the cover. The publisher's logo, Hodder Education, is shown at the bottom right corner, with the phrase AN HACHETTE U K COMPANY underneath it.

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ISBN: 978 1 4718 7658 5
eISBN: 978 1 4718 7659 2

© Robin Bunce 2017

First published in 2017 by

Hodder Education,

An Hachette UK Company

Carmelite House

50 Victoria Embankment

London EC4Y 0DZ

www.hoddereducation.co.uk

Impression number  10 9

Year      2023

All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or held within any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, www.cla.co.uk.

Cover photo © Rinat Maksutov/123RF.com

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A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.

My revision planner

Introduction

1: The rule of Nicholas II, 1894–1905

The nature of autocratic rule: the Tsarist principles of autocracy, nationality and Orthodoxy

The nature of autocratic rule: Orthodoxy, antisemitism and the Okhrana

Opposition to Tsarism

Opposition to Tsarism: Social Democrats and the Socialist Revolutionaries

The 1905 Revolution

The 1905 Revolution: the spread of revolutionary activity

Nicholas II’s response

The recovery of Tsarist power

Exam focus (AS Level)

2: The end of Romanov rule, 1906–17

Change and continuity in government

Nicholas II’s relations with the Dumas, 1906–14

Stolypin’s repression, 1906–14

Stolypin’s reforms, 1906–14

The last years of peace

The impact of the First World War

The impact of the First World War: political problems

The February Revolution

The Provisional Committee and the Petrograd Soviet

Exam focus

3: The Provisional Government and its opponents, February–October 1917

The nature of dual power

The aims and membership of the Petrograd Soviet

Opposition to the Provisional Government

Opposition to the Provisional Government, April to July

The second Provisional Government, July–October

Economic and political problems

The October Revolution

The events of 24–26 October and the formation of the Bolshevik government

Exam focus (AS Level)

4: Defending the Bolshevik revolution, October 1917–24

Consolidating Bolshevik power

The Cheka and the Red Terror

Bolshevik economic policies

The crisis of 1921

Civil War

Defeat of domestic enemies

Foreign intervention in Russia

Exam focus

Glossary

Key figures

Answers

Mark scheme

Introduction

About Paper 2

Paper 2 Option 2C.2: Russia in revolution, 1894–1924, is a depth study. Therefore it requires a detailed knowledge of the period that you are studying. Paper 2 tests you against two Assessment Objectives: AO1 and AO2.

AO1 tests your ability to:

•  organise and communicate your own knowledge

•  analyse and evaluate key features of the past

•  make supported judgements

•  deal with concepts of cause, consequence, change, continuity, similarity, difference and significance.

On Paper 2, AO1 tasks require you to write an essay from your own knowledge.

AO2 tests your ability to:

•  analyse and evaluate source material from the past

•  explore the value of source material by considering its historical context.

On Paper 2, the AO2 task requires you to write an essay which analyses two sources from the period you have studied.

At A-level, Paper 2 is worth 20 per cent of your qualification. At AS Level, Paper 2 is worth 40 per cent of your qualification. Significantly, your AS grade does not count towards your overall A-level grade. Therefore, you will have to take this paper at A-level in order to get the A-level qualification.

Structure

At AS and A-level, Paper 2 is structured around four key topics which cover the period 1894–1924. The AS and A-level exams are divided into two sections. Section A tests your source analysis skills, whereas Section B tests your ability to write an essay from your own knowledge. Both sections focus on the four key topics. The question may deal with aspects of one of the topics, or may be set on issues that require knowledge of several or all of the topics.

Aspect of the course
AO
Exam

Key Topic 1: The rule of Nicholas II, 1894–1905

Key Topic 2: The end of Romanov rule, 1906–17

Key Topic 3: The Provisional Government and its opponents, February–October 1917

Key Topic 4: Defending the Bolshevik revolution, October 1917–24

AO1

&

AO2

Section A and Section B

The exam

At AS and A-level, the Paper 2 exam lasts for 1 hour and 30 minutes. It is divided into two sections, both of which test the depth of your historical knowledge. Section A requires you to answer one compulsory question on two sources. Section B requires you to write one essay. As this is a depth paper, questions can be set on single events or programmes but may cover more extended periods.

How to use this book

This book has been designed to help you to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in the exam. The book is divided into four sections – one for each of the key topics. Each section is made up of a series of topics organised into double-page spreads. On the left-hand page, you will find a summary of the key content you need to learn. Words in bold in the key content are defined in the glossary. On the right-hand page, you will find exam-focused activities. Together, these two strands of the book will take you through the knowledge and skills essential for exam success.

There are three levels of exam-focused activities:

•  Band 1 activities are designed to develop the foundational skills needed to pass the exam. Exclamation mark icon denoting Band 1 activities, which are designed to develop foundational skills.

•  Band 2 activities are designed to build on the skills developed in Band 1 activities and to help you achieve a C grade. Information icon denoting Band 2 activities, which are designed to build on the skills developed in Band 1 activities and to help in achieving a C grade.

•  Band 3 activities are designed to enable you to access the highest grades. Lightbulb icon denoting Band 3 activities, which are designed to help achieve higher grades.

Some of the activities have answers or suggested answers on pages 85–86. Icon showing alphabet a denoting some of the activities that have answers or suggested answers on pages 85 and 86.

Each section ends with an exam-style question and model high-level answer with commentary. This should give you guidance on what is required to achieve the top grades.