Acknowledgements

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My revision planner

Introduction

Part 1 Aspects in depth: different approaches to the problem of difference

Key Topic 1 Ruling the Second Reich, 1871–79

The Kaiserreich

Trying to reconcile unity and division

The importance of the Reichstag and the parties

The impact of regional and social divisions

Bismarck as Imperial Chancellor, 1871–79

The Kulturkampf

Exam focus

Key Topic 2 The birth of democratic Germany, 1917–19

The strains of war, tensions and military dictatorship, 1917

Political crisis, 1917

Constitutional reforms from above, 1918

The German Revolution, 1918–19

The attempt to achieve unity through democracy: the Weimar Republic

The importance of the Weimar constitution

Exam focus

Key Topic 3 A new Reich, 1933–35

Gleichschaltung, 1933–34

The impact of the Night of the Long Knives

Hitler’s role as Führer

A ‘totalitarian regime’?

The nature of the new Nazi state

Attempts to create a Volksgemeinschaft

Exam focus

Key Topic 4 Establishing and ruling the new Federal Republic, 1949–60

The division of Germany, 1945–49

The West German constitution

The importance of Adenauer and the CDU in shaping the new Federal Republic

Changes in the nature of the SPD and its significance for the shaping of the Federal Republic

The process and significance of denazification

‘Coming to terms with the past’ in the 1950s

Exam focus

Key Topic 5 Reunification: recreating a united Germany, 1989–90

The situation in East Germany in 1989

Revolution ‘from below’

West Germany’s response to the East German revolt

Rush to unity

German unity

Problems of transition

Exam focus

Part 2 Aspects in breadth: prosperity and social change, 1871–1990

Theme 1 Social change in Germany and West Germany, 1871–1990

Social change and prosperity, 1871–1933

Social change and prosperity, 1933–90

The changing role of women in Germany, 1871–1933

The changing role of women, 1933–90

Exam focus

Theme 2 Economic change in Germany and West Germany, 1871–1990

Economic change, 1871–1933

Economic change, 1933–90

The role of government policies in economic change, 1871–1933

The role of government policies in economic change, 1933–90

Exam focus

Glossary

Key figures

Timeline

Answers

Mark scheme

Introduction

About Paper 3

Paper 3 Germany, 1871–1990: united, divided and reunited combines a depth study of different approaches to the problem of difference with a broader thematic study of prosperity and social change. Paper 3 tests you against two Assessment Objectives: AO1 and AO2:

AO1 tests your ability to:

•  organise and communicate your own knowledge

•  analyse and evaluate key features of the past

•  make supported judgements

•  deal with concepts of cause, consequence, change, continuity, similarity, difference and significance.

On Paper 1, AO1 tasks require you to write essays from your own knowledge.

AO2 tests your ability to:

•  analyse and evaluate source material from the past

•  explore the value of source material by considering its historical context.

On Paper 2, the AO2 task requires you to write an essay which analyses two sources which come from the period you have studied.

Paper 3 is worth 30 per cent of your A-level.

Structure

Paper 3 is structured around two themes and five key topics.

The exam is divided into three sections, which relate to different aspects of your course:

Aspect of the course 
Exam 

Topic 1: Ruling the Second Reich, 1871–79

Topic 2: The birth of democratic Germany, 1917–19

Topic 3: A new Reich, 1933–35

Topic 4: Establishing and ruling the new Federal Republic, 1949–60

Topic 5: Reunification: recreating a united Germany, 1989–90

Section A (AO2) and Section B (AO1) 

Theme 1: Social change in Germany and West Germany, 1871–1990

Theme 2: Economic change in Germany and West Germany, 1871–1990

Section C (AO1) 

The exam

The Paper 3 exam lasts for 2 hours and 15 minutes, and is divided into three sections.

Section A and Section B test the depth of your historical knowledge of the five topics:

•  Section A requires you to answer one compulsory question concerning a single source. You should spend 15 to 20 minutes reading the source and planning your answer, and around 35 to 40 minutes writing the essay.

•  Section B requires you to write one essay from a choice of two. As this is a depth paper, questions can be set on single events. Section B essays usually tests you knowledge of a shorter period than Section C. You should spend 35 to 40 minutes on Section B.

Section C requires you to answer one question from a choice of two. Questions in Section C will focus on the two themes and will cover at least 100 years. Questions can focus on either theme, or may test knowledge of both themes. You should spend 35 to 40 minutes on Section C.

How to use this book

This book has been designed to help you to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in this exam. Each section is made up of a series of topics organised into double-page spreads. On the left-hand page, you will find a summary of the key content you need to learn. Words in bold in the key content are defined in the glossary. On the right-hand page, you will find exam-focused activities. Together, these two strands of the book will take you through the knowledge and skills essential for exam success.

There are three levels of exam-focused activities.

•  Band 1 activities are designed to develop the foundational skills needed to pass the exam.

•  Band 2 activities are designed to build on the skills developed in Band 1 activities and to help you achieve a C grade.

•  Band 3 activities are designed to enable you to access the highest grades.

Each section ends with an exam-style question and model high-level answer with commentary. This should give you guidance on what is required to achieve the top grades.