Thomas Wright is a freelance writer and researcher. His book Table Talk Oscar Wilde was published in 2000. He carried out the research for Peter Ackroyd’s London: The Biography.

Peter Ackroyd, CBE is a novelist, critic and biographer, formerly literary editor of The Spectator and chief nonfiction reviewer for The Times, has won numerous literary awards. His London: The Biography took the South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature.

Other titles in the series

Istanbul: A Traveller’s Reader

Laurence Kelly

Moscow: A Traveller’s Reader

Laurence Kelly

Dublin: A Traveller’s Reader

Thomas and Valerie Pakenham

Florence: A Traveller’s Reader

Edward Chaney

Edinburgh: A Traveller’s Reader

David Daiches

Madrid: A Traveller’s Reader

Hugh Thomas

Venice: A Traveller’s Reader

John Julius Norwich

St Petersburg: A Traveller’s Reader

Laurence Kelly

Forthcoming

Delhi and Agra: A Traveller’s Reader

Michael Alexander

London:
A Traveller’s Reader
Introduced by Peter Ackroyd
Edited by Thomas Wright
____

ROBINSON

First published in the UK in 2004 as London: A Traveller’s Companion by Robinson

This edition published in 2018 by Robinson

Copyright © Thomas Wright 2004

Copyright Introduction © Peter Ackroyd 2004

The moral right of the author has been asserted.

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.

A CIP catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library.

Every effort has been made to trace and contact copyright holders. If there are any inadvertent omissions we apologise to those concerned, and ask that you contact us so that we can correct any oversight as soon as possible.

ISBN: 978-1-4721-4182-8

Robinson

An imprint of

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For Clare Wright

Contents

List of Illustrations

Map of the city

Map of London from Tudor times

Acknowledgements

Introduction

THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE CITY

    1   The foundation of the city of London (c. 1100 BC); from The History of the Kings of Britain by Geoffrey of Monmouth (trans S. Evans, London, 1904).

    2   The revolt of Boudicca (AD 61); from The Life of Agricola by Tacitus.

    3   Description of Roman London (c. 4th century); from Roman London by G. Home.

    4   The Danes, (c. 9th century); from The London Life of Yesterday by Arthur Compton Rickett.

THE CITY

LONDON STONE

    5   Origin of London stone (1598); from Survey of London by J. Stow; (London, 1598).

LONDON WALL

    6   Construction (AD 306) and maintenance of the wall (medieval); from Survey of London by J. Stow, (London, 1598).

NEWGATE AND THE OLD BAILEY

    7   Defoe in the pillory (1703); from Memoirs of the Life and Times of Daniel Defoe, Vol. II (London, 1830).

    8   Jack Sheppard escapes from Newgate (1724); from The Newgate Calendar edited by A. Knapp and W. Baldwin (London 1826, Vol. I).

    9   Storming of the prison during the Gordon riots (1780); from Barnaby Rudge by Charles Dickens (London, 1941).

  10   Death of a hundred spectators at an execution in 1807; from The Newgate Calendar edited by A. Knapp and W. Baldwin (London 1826, Vol. IV).

  11   Elizabeth Fry visits Newgate in 1814; from An Inquiry whether Crime and Misery are produced or prevented by our present System of Prison Discipline by Thomas Fowell Buxton (London 1818).

  12   Oscar Wilde sentenced at the Old Bailey (1895); from The Trials of Oscar Wilde by H. Montgomery Hyde (London, 1962).

THE ROYAL EXCHANGE

  13   The Royal Exchange opened by Elizabeth I (1570); from Survey of London by J. Stow (London, 1598).

  14   Addison visits the exchange (1711); from The Spectator by J. Addison, May 19, 1711.

  15   The South Sea Bubble affair (1720); from Extraordinary Popular Delusions by Charles Mackay (London, 1841).

SAINT PAUL’S CATHEDRAL

  16   Legends surrounding the Roman temple on the site of Saint Paul’s (4th century); from Old & New London by W. Thornbury (London, 1873–8).

  17   The building of Saint Paul’s (604); from The Ecclesiastical History of the English people, Bede (8th century).

  18   Miracles at the tomb of Saint Erkenwald (c. 8th century); from The Saint of London. The Life and Miracles of Saint Erkenwald, edited and translated by E. Gordon Whatley (London, 1989).

  19   Henry V returns to London after the Battle of Agincourt (1415); from Gesta Henri Quinti (The Deeds of Henry V), edited by F. Taylor and J. S. Roskell (Oxford, 1975).

  20   The Pope’s sentence against Luther is published at Paul’s Cross (1521); from Chronicles of London, edited by C. L. Kingsford (London 1977).

  21   The Pope’s authority is denied at Paul’s Cross (1536); from A Chronicle of England by Charles Wriothesley, edited by W. D. Hamilton (London 1875–7).

  22   Catholic icons are destroyed at Saint Paul’s (1538–59); from A Chronicle of England by Charles Wriothesley, edited by W. D. Hamilton (London 1875–7).

  23   A Pageant at Saint Paul’s for the coronation of Queen Mary (1553); from The Chronicle of Queen Jane and of two years of Queen Mary, edited by J. G. Nichols (London, 1850).

  24   Elizabeth I interrupts a sermon at Saint Paul’s (1565); from A History of Saint Paul’s, edited by W. R. Matthews and W. M. Atkins (London, 1957).

  25   John Donne preaches his last sermon at Saint Paul’s (1631); from Life of John Donne by I. Walton (London, 1640).

  26   Saint Paul’s is occupied by soldiers during the Republic (1649–60); from The History of The Rebellion and Civil Wars in England by E. H. Clarendon (London, 1702–4).

  27   Paul’s Cross is demolished (1650s); from Annals of Saint Paul’s Cathedral by Henry H. Milman (London, 1868).

  28   Saint Paul’s is destroyed in the Great Fire (1666); from Diaries by John Evelyn (London, 1879).

  29   The foundation stone is laid at Wren’s Saint Paul’s (1675); from The Life and work of Sir Christopher Wren from Parentalia or Memoirs of his son Christopher Wren (London, 1903).

  30   Saint Paul’s Walk (18th century); from Micro-cosmographie, by J. Earle (London, 1732).

  31   Lord Nelson’s funeral (1805); from Annals of Saint Paul’s Cathedral by Henry H. Milman (London, 1868).

  32   The Duke of Wellington’s funeral (1868); from Annals of Saint Paul’s Cathedral by Henry H. Milman, (London, 1868).

  33   Saint Paul’s in wartime (1939–45); from A History of Saint Paul’s, edited by W. R. Matthews and W. M. Atkins (London, 1957).

  34   Churchill’s funeral (1965); from The Crossman Diaries 1964–1970, edited by A. Howard (London, 1979).

  35   Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana (1981); from Diana in Private by Lady Colin Campbell (London, 1992).

THE TOWER OF LONDON

  36   Richard II resigns the crown in the tower, dies and is buried (1399); from Chronicles by Froissart, 15th century.

  37   The Lollard Sir John Oldcastle escapes from the tower but is caught and executed (1417); from Chronicles of London, edited by C. L. Kingsford (London, 1977).

  38   The murder of the Princes in the Tower (1483); from The History of King Richard III by Thomas More, 16th century.

  39   Thomas More is executed on Tower Hill (1535); from The Life of Thomas More by William Roper, 16th century.

  40   Anne Boleyn is executed (1536); from A Chronicle of England by Charles Wriothesley, edited by W. D. Hamilton (London 1875–7).

  41   Lady Jane Grey is executed (1554); from The Chronicle of Queen Jane and of two years of Queen Mary, edited by J. G. Nichols (London, 1850).

  42   A Catholic priest is tortured in the tower (1597); from The Autobiography of an Elizabethan by John Gerard, 16th century.

  43   Colonel Blood attempts to steal the Crown Jewels (1671); from The Tower of London by Lord R. S. Gower, Vol. II (London, 1902).

OUTSIDE THE WALLS

BEDLAM

  44   Ned Ward describes Bedlam (1720); from The London Spy by Ned Ward (London, 1703).

THE CHARTERHOUSE

  45   The foundation of the Charterhouse (1349); from The History of the London Charterhouse by W. St J. Hope (London, 1925).

  46   Sutton establishes a school at the Charterhouse in 1610; from The Charterhouse of London by W. F. Taylor (New York, 1912).

  47   Life at the school in the 1840s, Mr Locker and Mr Howard Staunton; from Old & New London by W. Thornbury (London, 1873–8).

AROUND FLEET STREET

  48   The foundation and early history of the Temple (1240); from Survey of London by J. Stow (London, 1598).

  49   Printing comes to Fleet Street (1476); from Fleet Street in Seven Centuries by W. G. Bell (London, 1912).

  50   Catherine of Aragon tried at Blackfriars (1527); from The Life of Cardinal Wolsey by Thomas Cavendish, 16th century.

  51   Sir Thomas Wyatt is defeated in Fleet Street (1553); from The Chronicle of Queen Jane and of two years of Queen Mary, edited by J. G. Nichols (London, 1850).

  52   1710, First Catalogue of the Royal Society & description of a Society meeting held in Crane Court, Fleet Street; from Old & New London by W. Thornbury (London, 1873–8).

  53   Jacobite riots (1716); from Old & New London by W. Thornbury (London, 1873–8).

  54   Johnson compiles the first English dictionary (1755); from The Life of Samuel Johnson by James Boswell (London, 1791).

  55   Thomas Chatterton commits suicide (1770); from The Life of Chatterton by G. Gregory (London, 1803).

  56   A Sweeney Todd murder (1798); from Sweeney Todd by P. Haining (London, 1993).

  57   The newspapers leave Fleet Street in the 1980s; from Goodbye Fleet Street by R. Edwards (London, 1988).

LONDON BRIDGE

  58   The foundation of the bridge; from Survey of London by J. Stow (London, 1598).

  59   The Norwegian King Olaf and King Aethelred attack the Bridge (1014); from The Olaf Sagas by Snorri Sturluson, with poems by Ottar Svarte, translated by S. Laing (New York, 1915).

  60   Foundation of the Stone Bridge (1176); from Survey of London by J. Stow (London, 1598).

  61   Jack Cade attacks the bridge (1450); from Chronicles of London, edited by C. L. Kingsford (London, 1977).

  62   The miracle associated with Bishop Fisher’s head, which was set on the bridge in 1535; from Chronicles by E. Hall, 16th century.

  63   Sir Thomas Wyatt attacks the bridge in 1553; from The Chronicle of Queen Jane and of two years of Queen Mary, edited by J. G. Nichols (London, 1850).

  64   Charles II greeted at the bridge on his return to England (1660); from England’s Joy, Anon. (1660).

  65   Pepys witnesses the beginning of the Great Fire at the Bridge (1666); from Diaries by Samuel Pepys (London, 1906).

  66   Eighteenth-century nursery rhyme ‘London Bridge is broken down’; from The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, I. & P. Opie (Oxford, 1951).

SOUTHWARK

  67   Chaucer’s pilgrims meet at Southwark (14th century); from The Canterbury Tales by G. Chaucer, 14th century.

  68   The burning of the Globe theatre in 1613; from Reliquiae Wottoniae (London, 1685).

  69   John Wilkes is committed to the King’s-Bench prison in 1768; from The Correspondence of the late John Wilkes (London, 1805).

  70   Dickens visits his father at the Marshalsea (1822); from The Life of Charles Dickens, Vol. I by J. Forster (London, 1872).

  71   The new Globe theatre opens in 1996; from Daily Telegraph article by N. Reynolds, 22 August 1996.

SMITHFIELD

  72   Foundation of St Bartholomew the Great in 1123; from London: The Biography by P. Ackroyd (London, 2000).

  73   Henry II grants to the church the privilege of a fair; from Survey of London by J. Stow (London, 1598).

  74   Archbishop Boniface makes a visitation to St Bartholomew’s in 1250; from Chronicles by Matthew Paris, 13th century.

  75   Wat Tyler is slain in Smithfield in 1381; from Chronicles by Froissart, 15th century.

  76   A Royal Joust in Smithfield in 1467; from Chronicles by E. Hall, 16th century.

  77   John Rogers, the first protestant martyr, is burned at Smithfield (1555); from The Acts and Monuments by J. Foxe, 16th century.

  78   The Cock Lane ghost (1760); from Extraordinary Popular Delusions by Charles Mackay (London, 1841).

  79   Wordsworth visits Bartholomew Fair (early 19th century); from The Prelude, Book VII (1850).

THE THAMES

  80   Fish in the Thames (16th century); from Survey of London by J. Stow (London 1598).

  81   The Great Frost Fair (1683–4); from Diaries by J. Evelyn.

THE WEST END

BUCKINGHAM PALACE

  82   The changing of the guard; from When We Were Very Young by A. A. Milne (1926).

  83   Two accounts of VE Day (1945); quoted in The Day the War Ended, VE-Day 1945 by M. Gilbert.

THE BRITISH MUSEUM

  84   The famous duel behind Montague House in 1680; from Notes and Queries by E. F. Rimbault (1878).

  85   Sir Hans Sloane’s ‘museum’ offered to Parliament in 1753; from Letters by Horace Walpole (London, 1840).

  86   Keats visits the Elgin Marbles, 1817; On Seeing the Elgin Marbles.

  87   The library of George III is given to the British Museum, 1823. Letter from George IV to Lord Liverpool; from Old & New London by W. Thornbury (London, 1873–8).

  88   Enoch Soames visits the reading room of the British Museum (1997); an article by Thomas Wright in the Evening Standard Magazine.

COVENT GARDEN

  89   A riot at the Drury Lane Theatre (1770); from Memoirs by Casanova, translated by A. Machen (London, 1922).

  90   The Mohawks terrorize the piazza (1771); from Memoirs of William Hickey, edited by P. Quennell (London, 1960).

  91   The Westminster election of 1782; from Travels in England by C. P. Moritz (London, 1782).

  92   The Drury Lane Theatre burns down (1809); from Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honourable Richard Brinsley Sheridan by Thomas Moore (London, 1825).

  93   O. P. Riots at the Covent Garden Theatre (1809); from Extraordinary Popular Delusions by Charles Mackay (London, 1841).

  94   The farewell speech of Joseph Grimaldi (1828); from Memoirs of Joseph Grimaldi, edited by Charles Dickens (London 1838).

  95   Queen Victoria opens the Great Exhibition (1851); from Gentleman’s Magazine.

  96   Henry Mayhew visits the market in 1861; from London Labour and the London Poor (London, 1861).

  97   Patti sings at the Opera House (1894); from The World by G. B. Shaw.

HYDE PARK

  98   Čapek visits Speakers’ Corner (1935); from Letters from England.

TRAFALGAR SQUARE

  99   The ‘Bloody Sunday’ riots in 1887; from The Life of William Morris by J. W. Mackail (London, 1899).

100   The Poll Tax riots of 1990; from Poll Tax Riot, Anon. (London, 1990).

TYBURN

101   The execution of Perkin Warbeck (1499); from Chronicles of London, edited by C. L. Kingsford (London, 1977).

102   The execution of the Carthusian Martyrs (1535); from The Passion and Martyrdom of the Holy English Carthusians by Dom Maurice Chauncy (translated by A. F. Radcliffe) (London, 1935).

103   The execution of Jonathan Wild (1725); from Jonathan Wild by Henry Fielding (London, 1743).

THE EAST END

104   The Plague in Aldgate (1665); from A Journal of the Plague Year by Daniel Defoe (London, 1722).

105   Wesley preaches at Whitechapel (1742); from Journals by J. Wesley (Boston, 1819).

106   Inspector Dew at the scene of the Ripper’s last crime (1888); from I Caught Crippen by W. Dew (London & Glasgow, 1938).

107   The Sidney Street siege (1911); from Thoughts and Adventures by W. S. Churchill (London, 1932).

108   The Battle of Cable Street (1936); from Special Branch reports in The East End Then and Now, edited by W. G. Ramsay (London, 1994).

109   The beginning of the Blitz (1944); from Cockney Campaign by F. Lewey (London, 1944).

110   The murder of George Cornell (1966); from My Story by Ronald Kray (London, 1993).

111   The building of Canary Wharf (1987); from London Docklands by E. Williamson, N. Pevsner and M. Tucker (London, 1998).

WESTMINSTER AND WHITEHALL

WESTMINSTER ABBEY AND HALL

112   The dedication of the Abbey (10th century); from Old & New London by W. Thornbury (London, 1873–8).

113   King Edward rebuilds the Abbey (10th–11th centuries); from The Life of King Edward, 11th century.

114   The coronation of Richard I (1189); from Itinerary of Richard I (London, 1865).

115   Christ’s blood is brought to the Abbey by Henry III (1247); from Chronicles by Matthew Paris, 13th century.

116   The King seeks the pardon of the Londoners (1250); from Chronicles by Matthew Paris, 13th century.

117   The early history of Westminster Hall; from Survey of London by J. Stow (London, 1598).

118   The coronation of Henry IV (1399); from Chronicles of London, edited by C. L. Kingsford (London, 1977).

119   The wedding banquet of Henry V (1415); from Chronicles by R. Holinshead, 16th century.

120   William Caxton opens up a shop in the Abbey and prints the first book in England (1476); from William Caxton by G. D. Painter (London, 1976).

121   The coronation of Henry VIII (1509); from Chronicles by E. Hall, 16th century.

122   The fate of Oliver Cromwell’s head; from The Times (1874).

123   The coronation of Queen Anne (1702); from The Journeys of Celia Fiennes (London, 1888).

124   Addison visits the Abbey (1711); from The Spectator (1711).

125   The opening of the trial of Warren Hastings at Westminster Hall (1788); from Diary and Letters of Madame D’Arblay, Vol. IV (1843).

126   Wordsworth writes a sonnet on Westminster Bridge (1802); Composed upon Westminster Bridge.

127   The coronation of George IV. And the bill of Fare at the feast; from The Journals of Mrs Arbuthnot, 1820–31, edited by F. Bamford and Duke of Wellington (London, 1950) and Old & New London by W. Thornbury (London, 1873–8).

128   Byron’s hearse on its way to the Abbey (1824); from The Prose of John Clare, edited by J. W. & A. Temple (London, 1951).

129   The coronation of Queen Victoria (1838); from Letters and Journal, 19th century.

WHITEHALL

130   Cardinal Wolsey deprived of the Great Seal (1529); from The Life of Cardinal Wolsey by Thomas Cavendish, 16th century.

131   Charles I ‘touches’ for the King’s evil (late 17th century); from MS Diary, in Old & New London by W. Thornbury (London, 1873–8).

132   The execution of Charles I (1648); from Memorials of the English Affairs by B. Whitelocke (London, 1648).

133   The Court of Charles II; from The History of England by T. B. Macauley, edited by S. E. Winbolt (London, 1919).

134   William and Mary proclaimed King and Queen (1689); from Diaries by John Evelyn (London, 1879).

135   Whitehall Palace burnt down (1698); from a contemporary account quoted in The Annals of London by J. Richardson (London, 2283).

136   Whitehall during the Blitz (1940s); from Their Finest Hour by W. Churchill (London, 1949).

THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT

137   Elizabeth I opens Parliament (1584); from A Journey through England & Scotland by L. Von Wedel (1584–5).

138   The Gunpowder Plot (1605); from Confession of Guido Fawkes (1605).

139   Charles I attempts to arrest five members of Parliament (1642); from Historical Collections, 17th century.

140   A riot in the house (1648); from The Clarke Papers by J. Barkstead, 17th century.

141   The Assassination of Spencer Perceval (1812); from The Autobiography of W. Jerdan, Vol. I (London, 1852).

142   The trial of Queen Caroline in the House of Lords (1820); from The Trial of Her Majesty Caroline Queen of Britain, Anon., The Trial of Her Majesty Caroline Queen of Britain (London, 1820).

143   Passing of the Reform Bill (1831); from The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay (London, 1876).

144   The burning of Parliament (1834); from Letters and Memorials by T. Carlyle, edited by J. A. Froude (London, 1883).

145   The suffragettes in Parliament Square (1908); from The Suffragette by E. S. Pankhurst (London, 1912).

LONDON LIFE, CUSTOMS, MORALS

LONDON CHARACTERS

146   Dick Whittington c.16th; from Chronicles by R. Holinshead, 16th century.

147   Samuel Pepys, The last diary entry, 1699; from Diaries by Samuel Pepys (London, 1906).

148   Charles Lamb, Letter to Wordsworth (1801); from The Letters of Charles Lamb (Boston, 1905).

149   Ann 1822; from The Confessions of an English Opium Eater by Thomas De Quincey (London, 1922).

150   Nollekens; from Nollekens and his Times by J. T. Smith (London, 1829).

151   Street Urchin; from London Labour and the London Poor by H. Mayhew (London, 1861).

152   Wakefield; from ‘Wakefield’ (mid-19th century) by N. Hawthorne.

153   Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson; from The Sign of Four by Arthur Conan Doyle (London, 1890).

154   Charles Pooter; from The Diary of a Nobody by G & W. Grossmith (London, 1892).

155   Dan Leno; from Around Theatres by Max Beerbohm (London, 1953).

FAIRS, SPORTS, GAMES, SPECTACLES

156   Sports and recreation in medieval London (12th century); from ‘Description of London’ by William Fitzstephen, 12th century.

157   Medieval May Day Celebrations; from Survey of London by J. Stow (London, 1598).

158   An Elizabethan playhouse; from Travels in London by T. Platter (London, 1599).

159   The Punch & Judy Man; from London Labour and the London Poor by H. Mayhew (London, 1861).

160   Tiddy Doll at the Great Frost Fair on the Thames (late 17th century); from Trivia by John Gay (London, 1716).

161   Handel’s Water Music on the Thames (1717); from Daily Courant.

162   Bull Baiting; from London in 1710 by Von Uffenbach (English translation 1934).

163   Ranelagh Gardens (1749); from Letters by H. Walpole (London, 1840).

164   Early days at Lords (19th century); contemporary account quoted in London Revisited by E. V. Lucas (London, 1916).

165   Twentieth-century street games; from London Street Games by N. Douglas (London, 1931).

166   The F.A. Cup final at Wembley (12 May 1979); from Fever Pitch by N. Hornby (London, 1992).

EATING, DRINKING AND CLUBBING

167   Coffee-houses (late 18th century); from Travels by C. P. Moritz (English translation 1795).

168   Drunk after an annual club dinner (18th century); from Memoirs of William Hickey, edited by P. Quennell (London, 1960).

169   The betting book at Brooks’s (late 18th century); from Brooks’s 1764–1964 by H. S. Eeles & Earl Spencer (London, 1964).

170   Attempt to beat up William Pitt outside Brooks’s, 28 February 1784, as described by Pitt’s brother Chatham from The Younger Pitt Vol I by John Ehrman.

171   The ‘immortal dinner’ at Hampstead (1817); from The Autobiography and Memoirs of B. R. Haydon, edited by T. Taylor (London, 1926).

172   George Sala describes ‘The Old Cheshire Cheese’ pub (19th century), Fleet Street. ‘Brain Street’, 19th century.

173   Dickens and Thackeray argue at the Garrick (19th century). Dickens letter quoted in The Garrick Club 1831–1947 (London, 1948).

SEX IN THE CITY

174   Medieval Punishment of Whoremongers and Bawds; from Liber Albus by J. Carpenter (1419), edited and translated by H. T. Riley (London, 1861).

175   ‘A Ramble in St James’s Park’ (1680); Lord Rochester.

176   Police report of a raid at Mother Clap’s Molly House (1725); quoted in Mother Clap’s Molly House by R. Norton (London, 1992).

177   Fanny Hill becomes a whore (1749); from Memoirs of a woman of pleasure, J. Cleland (London, 1749).

178   Harris’s List of Covent Garden Ladies (1764); from Harris’s List of Covent Garden Ladies (London, 1764).

179   Gay Soho; from The Naked Civil Servant by Q. Crisp (London, 1968).

LONDON AND LONDONERS

180   ‘London Lickpenny’ (15th century); by J. Lydgate, 15th century.

181   Aggressive London (1719); from Mr Misson’s Memoirs and Observations by Misson de Valbourg (London, 1719).

182   The silent Londoners (1747); from Letters on the English and French nations by J. B. le Blanc (London, 1747).

183   The insolence and racism of the mob (1772); from A Tour of London by J. P. Grosley (London, 1772).

184   ‘The Garden’ (1785); by W. Cowper.

185   Doctor Johnson on London (late 18th century); various sources, James Boswell.

186   A city of extremes (1820); from Life in London by P. Egan (London, 1820).

187   Byron on London (1824); from Don Juan Cantos 10 & 11 (London, 1824).

188   A city for the philosopher (early 19th century); from English Fragments by H. Heine (English translation, 1880).

189   Selfish London (1844); ‘Physiology of London Life’ by J. Fisher Murray (London, 1844).

190   Wicked London (1848); from Chronicles, Richard of Devizes, trans J. A. G. Giles (London, 1848).

191   Henry James on London (late 19th century); from various sources.

192   Dostoyevsky on London (late 19th century); from Winter Impressions of Summer Notes by F. Dostoyevsky (London, 1955).

193   Londoners (1905); from The Soul of London by F. Madox Ford (London, 1905).

194   Lonely London (1925); from Letters from England by K.Čapek (London, 1925).

195   London Language (1931); from Englishmen, Frenchmen, Spaniards by S. de Madariaga (Oxford, 1931).

196   The London poor; from The Conditions of the Working Class in England by F. Engels (London, 1844) (English translation by W. O. Henderson and W. H. Chaloner, Oxford, 1958).

197   Stoical London (1940s); from Their Finest Hour by W. Churchill (London, 1949).

Bibliography

Index