Knowing how to tell the difference between the various types of keys is crucial for a locksmith, security expert, or anyone dealing with locks. This guide will help you identify different key types, so you can accurately determine which key you need or have.
Let's dive into the world of keys, starting with the basic types and then exploring more complex ones.
Basic Key Types
The most common key types you'll encounter are housed keys, wafer keys, and pin tumbler keys. Each has its own unique features and security levels.
Firstly, housed keys, also known as flat or straight keys, are simple and inexpensive. They consist of a flat blade with teeth on one edge, fitting into a similarly shaped keyway. However, they are not very secure due to their easy duplication.
Wafer Keys
Wafer keys consist of a blade with several notches cut into it. When inserted into the lock, springs push against the blade, and the key's notches align with corresponding wafers in the lock. This creates a complex locking mechanism.
Some wafer locks, like those used in cars, have side-winder locks. These pose an additional security challenge as they require the correct side-winding sequence, adding another layer of protection.
Pin Tumbler Keys
Pin tumbler keys are one of the most common key types found in homes and businesses today. They consist of a blade with a series of cuts, and a rounded, twisted head. When inserted, the cuts in the blade interact with a "stack" of springs and pins.
The key's cuts create a specific 'shear line' where the pins will all align perfectly, allowing the cylinder to rotate. This mechanism, along with key cutting techniques, requires substantial expertise to duplicate accurately.
Advanced Key Types
As security demands increase, so do the complexities of key types. Next, let's examine some advanced key types and systems that protect against unauthorized duplication.
One such system is the Mul-T-Lock. This advanced key type features a unique side-milled pattern and angles on the key blade, as well as multiple difficult-to-duplicate angles on the heads of the pins.
Laser-Cut Keys
Another advanced key type is the laser-cut key. These keys have angled and S-shaped cuts that can only be made using laser technology. Such precision makes them nearly impossible to duplicate without authorized access.
Moreover, they're often used in high-security applications, such as commercial facilities with high risk of unauthorized entry, correctional facilities, and military installations.
Ford Patents
Car locks often use unique key patent systems. One of these is the Ford Patents system, which uses a complex spacing algorithm for cut positions. This system, along with the use of oblong (oval) cuts, makes unauthorized duplication almost impossible.
First introduced in the 1970s, Ford Patents keys continue to set the standard for car security today.
Understanding the variety of key types is essential for choosing, maintaining, and securing your locks. From simple housed keys to complex laser-cut keys, knowledge is the best defense against lock-related issues.