Description
Bacterial transformation: introduce plasmid DNA into competent bacteria. Heat shock or electroporation creates transient pores; plasmid enters; cells recover and express antibiotic resistance. Select transformants on antibiotic plates.
Protocol Flowchart
graph TD
A[Plasmid DNA] --> AND1{Plasmid AND
Cells?} B[Competent cells] --> AND1 AND1 --> Mix[Mix plasmid with cells] Mix --> Chill[Chill on ice] Chill --> Shock[Heat shock 42°C 30-60 s] Shock --> Chill2[Chill on ice 2 min] Chill2 --> SOC[Add SOC recovery medium] SOC --> Recover[Recover 37°C 1 h] Recover --> Plate[Plate on selective agar] Plate --> Incubate[Incubate 37°C overnight] Incubate --> Pick[Pick transformant colonies] style A fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#c92a2a,color:#fff style B fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#c92a2a,color:#fff style Mix fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Chill fill:#74c0fc,stroke:#1971c2,color:#fff style Shock fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Chill2 fill:#74c0fc,stroke:#1971c2,color:#fff style SOC fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Recover fill:#74c0fc,stroke:#1971c2,color:#fff style Plate fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Incubate fill:#74c0fc,stroke:#1971c2,color:#fff style Pick fill:#b197fc,stroke:#7950f2,color:#fff style AND1 fill:#b4b4dc,stroke:#8b8bc4,color:#000
Cells?} B[Competent cells] --> AND1 AND1 --> Mix[Mix plasmid with cells] Mix --> Chill[Chill on ice] Chill --> Shock[Heat shock 42°C 30-60 s] Shock --> Chill2[Chill on ice 2 min] Chill2 --> SOC[Add SOC recovery medium] SOC --> Recover[Recover 37°C 1 h] Recover --> Plate[Plate on selective agar] Plate --> Incubate[Incubate 37°C overnight] Incubate --> Pick[Pick transformant colonies] style A fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#c92a2a,color:#fff style B fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#c92a2a,color:#fff style Mix fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Chill fill:#74c0fc,stroke:#1971c2,color:#fff style Shock fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Chill2 fill:#74c0fc,stroke:#1971c2,color:#fff style SOC fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Recover fill:#74c0fc,stroke:#1971c2,color:#fff style Plate fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Incubate fill:#74c0fc,stroke:#1971c2,color:#fff style Pick fill:#b197fc,stroke:#7950f2,color:#fff style AND1 fill:#b4b4dc,stroke:#8b8bc4,color:#000
Color Scheme (6-Color System)
Red
Triggers & Inputs
Triggers & Inputs
Yellow
Structures & Objects
Structures & Objects
Green
Processing & Operations
Processing & Operations
Blue
Intermediates & States
Intermediates & States
Violet
Products & Outputs
Products & Outputs
Lavender
Decision Diamonds (OR/AND)
Decision Diamonds (OR/AND)
▼📊 Scientific Accuracy
This flowchart is based on verified molecular biology protocols from peer-reviewed literature. Competent cell preparation and transformation steps have been validated against primary sources.
▼📚 Sources & Citations
Mandel M, Higa A. Calcium-dependent bacteriophage DNA infection. J Mol Biol. 1970.
Green MR, Sambrook J. Molecular Cloning. 4th ed. Cold Spring Harbor. 2012.
▼📋 Metadata
| Process ID | assay_protocols-bacterial-transformation |
| Created | 2026-03-15 |
| Verified | ✅ Yes |
| Last Updated | 2026-03-15 |
▼Process Statistics
Nodes: 13 | Edges: 12 | OR Gates: 0 | AND Gates: 1