Western Blot

Biology Assay / Lab Protocols Complexity: high

Description

Western blot: SDS-PAGE separates denatured proteins by mass, proteins are electro-transferred to a membrane, and a primary/secondary antibody pair with chemiluminescent detection reveals the target band, with a transfer/probe troubleshooting loop.

Process Flowchart

graph TD N1["Protein lysate"] N2["Primary antibody"] N3["SDS-PAGE gel"] N4["Denature & load samples"] N5["SDS-PAGE: separate by MW"] N6["Electroblot to membrane"] N7["Block membrane"] N8["Probe primary Ab; wash"] N9["Secondary Ab-HRP; wash"] N10["Add ECL; image"] N11{"Band at expected MW?"} N12["Detected protein band"] N1 --> N4 N3 --> N4 N4 --> N5 N5 --> N6 N6 --> N7 N7 --> N8 N2 --> N8 N8 --> N9 N9 --> N10 N10 --> N11 N11 -->|troubleshoot| N6 N11 -->|yes| N12 style N1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style N2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style N3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style N4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N6 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N7 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N8 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N9 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N10 fill:#74c0fc,color:#fff style N11 fill:#74c0fc,color:#fff style N12 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff

Node provenance

Each step below is grounded in a cited source (hover a citation for the full title).

StepRoleSource
Protein lysateTriggers & InputsBurnette, W. N. 1981
Primary antibodyTriggers & InputsMahmood, T. et al. 2012
SDS-PAGE gelStructures & ObjectsTowbin, H. et al. 1979
Denature & load samplesProcessing & OperationsBurnette, W. N. 1981
SDS-PAGE: separate by MWProcessing & OperationsTowbin, H. et al. 1979
Electroblot to membraneProcessing & OperationsTowbin, H. et al. 1979
Block membraneProcessing & OperationsMahmood, T. et al. 2012
Probe primary Ab; washProcessing & OperationsMahmood, T. et al. 2012
Secondary Ab-HRP; washProcessing & OperationsMahmood, T. et al. 2012
Add ECL; imageIntermediates & StatesMahmood, T. et al. 2012
Band at expected MW?Intermediates & StatesMahmood, T. et al. 2012
Detected protein bandProducts & OutputsBurnette, W. N. 1981

🎨 Color Scheme (5-Color System)

Red
Triggers & Inputs
Yellow
Structures & Objects
Green
Processing & Operations
Blue
Intermediates & States
Violet
Products & Outputs

Process Statistics

  • Nodes: 12
  • Edges: 12
  • Conditionals: 1
  • AND Gates: 3
  • OR Gates: 1
  • Total Gates: 4

Keywords

  • western blot
  • sds-page
  • immunoblot
  • antibody
  • chemiluminescence

Sources & References

  • Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications
    Towbin, H.; Staehelin, T.; Gordon, J. , PNAS (1979)
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350
  • Western blotting: electrophoretic transfer of proteins from SDS-PAGE to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A
    Burnette, W. N. , Analytical Biochemistry (1981)
    DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90281-5
  • Western blot: technique, theory, and trouble shooting
    Mahmood, T.; Yang, P. C. , North American Journal of Medical Sciences (2012)
    DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.100998