Description
Western blot: detect specific proteins. Lyse cells → SDS-PAGE → transfer to PVDF/nitrocellulose → block → primary Ab → secondary Ab → HRP/chemiluminescence → visualize. Semi-quantitative protein detection.
Protocol Flowchart
graph TD
A[Cell lysate] --> Lyse[Lyse cells in RIPA buffer]
B[Loading buffer] --> AND1{Lysate AND
Loading buffer?} Lyse --> AND1 AND1 --> Prep[Prepare samples] Prep --> Load[Load onto gel] Load --> PAGE[SDS-PAGE electrophoresis] PAGE --> Equil[Equilibrate gel in transfer buffer] Equil --> Transfer[Transfer to PVDF/nitrocellulose] Transfer --> Block[Block with BSA or milk] Block --> PAb[Incubate primary antibody] PAb --> Wash1[Wash membrane] Wash1 --> SAb[Incubate HRP-conjugated secondary Ab] SAb --> Wash2[Wash membrane] Wash2 --> Sub[Add chemiluminescent substrate] Sub --> Image[Expose to film or imager] style A fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#c92a2a,color:#fff style B fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#c92a2a,color:#fff style Lyse fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Prep fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Load fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style PAGE fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Equil fill:#74c0fc,stroke:#1971c2,color:#fff style Transfer fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Block fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style PAb fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Wash1 fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style SAb fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Wash2 fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Sub fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Image fill:#b197fc,stroke:#7950f2,color:#fff style AND1 fill:#b4b4dc,stroke:#8b8bc4,color:#000
Loading buffer?} Lyse --> AND1 AND1 --> Prep[Prepare samples] Prep --> Load[Load onto gel] Load --> PAGE[SDS-PAGE electrophoresis] PAGE --> Equil[Equilibrate gel in transfer buffer] Equil --> Transfer[Transfer to PVDF/nitrocellulose] Transfer --> Block[Block with BSA or milk] Block --> PAb[Incubate primary antibody] PAb --> Wash1[Wash membrane] Wash1 --> SAb[Incubate HRP-conjugated secondary Ab] SAb --> Wash2[Wash membrane] Wash2 --> Sub[Add chemiluminescent substrate] Sub --> Image[Expose to film or imager] style A fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#c92a2a,color:#fff style B fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#c92a2a,color:#fff style Lyse fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Prep fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Load fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style PAGE fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Equil fill:#74c0fc,stroke:#1971c2,color:#fff style Transfer fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Block fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style PAb fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Wash1 fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style SAb fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Wash2 fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Sub fill:#51cf66,stroke:#2f9e44,color:#fff style Image fill:#b197fc,stroke:#7950f2,color:#fff style AND1 fill:#b4b4dc,stroke:#8b8bc4,color:#000
Color Scheme (6-Color System)
Red
Triggers & Inputs
Triggers & Inputs
Yellow
Structures & Objects
Structures & Objects
Green
Processing & Operations
Processing & Operations
Blue
Intermediates & States
Intermediates & States
Violet
Products & Outputs
Products & Outputs
Lavender
Decision Diamonds (OR/AND)
Decision Diamonds (OR/AND)
▼📊 Scientific Accuracy
This flowchart is based on verified lab protocols from peer-reviewed literature. SDS-PAGE, transfer, and immunoblotting steps have been validated against primary sources.
▼📚 Sources & Citations
Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets. PNAS. 1979.
Burnette WN. Western blotting. Analytical Biochemistry. 1981.
▼📋 Metadata
| Process ID | assay_protocols-western-blot |
| Created | 2026-03-15 |
| Verified | ✅ Yes |
| Last Updated | 2026-03-15 |
▼Process Statistics
Nodes: 17 | Edges: 17 | OR Gates: 0 | AND Gates: 1