Description
Western blot: SDS-PAGE separates denatured proteins by mass, proteins are electro-transferred to a membrane, and a primary/secondary antibody pair with chemiluminescent detection reveals the target band, with a transfer/probe troubleshooting loop.
Process Flowchart
graph TD
N1["Protein lysate"]
N2["Primary antibody"]
N3["SDS-PAGE gel"]
N4["Denature & load samples"]
N5["SDS-PAGE: separate by MW"]
N6["Electroblot to membrane"]
N7["Block membrane"]
N8["Probe primary Ab; wash"]
N9["Secondary Ab-HRP; wash"]
N10["Add ECL; image"]
N11{"Band at expected MW?"}
N12["Detected protein band"]
N1 --> N4
N3 --> N4
N4 --> N5
N5 --> N6
N6 --> N7
N7 --> N8
N2 --> N8
N8 --> N9
N9 --> N10
N10 --> N11
N11 -->|troubleshoot| N6
N11 -->|yes| N12
style N1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
style N2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
style N3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
style N4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
style N5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
style N6 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
style N7 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
style N8 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
style N9 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
style N10 fill:#74c0fc,color:#fff
style N11 fill:#74c0fc,color:#fff
style N12 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
Node provenance
Each step below is grounded in a cited source (hover a citation for the full title).
| Step | Role | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Protein lysate | Triggers & Inputs | Burnette, W. N. 1981 |
| Primary antibody | Triggers & Inputs | Mahmood, T. et al. 2012 |
| SDS-PAGE gel | Structures & Objects | Towbin, H. et al. 1979 |
| Denature & load samples | Processing & Operations | Burnette, W. N. 1981 |
| SDS-PAGE: separate by MW | Processing & Operations | Towbin, H. et al. 1979 |
| Electroblot to membrane | Processing & Operations | Towbin, H. et al. 1979 |
| Block membrane | Processing & Operations | Mahmood, T. et al. 2012 |
| Probe primary Ab; wash | Processing & Operations | Mahmood, T. et al. 2012 |
| Secondary Ab-HRP; wash | Processing & Operations | Mahmood, T. et al. 2012 |
| Add ECL; image | Intermediates & States | Mahmood, T. et al. 2012 |
| Band at expected MW? | Intermediates & States | Mahmood, T. et al. 2012 |
| Detected protein band | Products & Outputs | Burnette, W. N. 1981 |
🎨 Color Scheme (5-Color System)
Red
Triggers & Inputs
Triggers & Inputs
Yellow
Structures & Objects
Structures & Objects
Green
Processing & Operations
Processing & Operations
Blue
Intermediates & States
Intermediates & States
Violet
Products & Outputs
Products & Outputs
Process Statistics
- Nodes: 12
- Edges: 12
- Conditionals: 1
- AND Gates: 3
- OR Gates: 1
- Total Gates: 4
Keywords
- western blot
- sds-page
- immunoblot
- antibody
- chemiluminescence
Sources & References
-
Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications
Towbin, H.; Staehelin, T.; Gordon, J. , PNAS (1979)
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350 -
Western blotting: electrophoretic transfer of proteins from SDS-PAGE to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A
Burnette, W. N. , Analytical Biochemistry (1981)
DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90281-5 -
Western blot: technique, theory, and trouble shooting
Mahmood, T.; Yang, P. C. , North American Journal of Medical Sciences (2012)
DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.100998