When you shop for new bed sheets, you might encounter the word "sham" and assume it refers to a low-quality or fake product. In the world of bedding, however, the term has a specific and entirely legitimate function. A sham is a decorative pillow cover designed to dress up your bed and provide extra comfort, playing a distinct role from standard sleeping pillows.
Defining the Bed Sham
At its core, a sham is a hollow, rectangular cushion cover that usually sits behind the main sleeping pillows. It is typically made from the same high-thread-count fabric as the fitted sheet or duvet cover, creating a cohesive and polished look. The primary purpose of a sham is aesthetic; it allows you to layer different shapes and textures to build visual interest on your bed.
Sham vs. Pillow: Understanding the Difference
The most critical distinction lies in the filling. A standard pillow is filled with materials like memory foam, down, or synthetic fibers specifically engineered to support your head and neck during sleep. In contrast, a sham is often filled with polyester batting or is left unstitched on one side (referred to as a "fold-over" sham), making it flat and firm. Because they are not designed for ergonomic support, shams should be placed against the headboard, with the sleeping pillows positioned in front of them.
Decorative vs. Euro Shams
Within the category of bed shams, you will generally find two main styles: decorative and Euro.
- Decorative Sham: Also known as a standard sham, this is usually square or slightly rectangular. It is often the smallest of the pile and is primarily used to cover a decorative throw blanket or to fill empty space.
- Euro Sham: Measuring 26 x 26 inches, this is a larger, firmer cushion. It lays flat against the headboard and is favored in European-style bedding aesthetics because of its robust, tailored appearance.
The Functional Role of a Sham
Beyond decoration, a sham serves a practical purpose in protecting your pillows. By placing a sham over a standard sleeping pillow, you create an additional barrier against dust, sweat, and accidental spills. This is particularly useful for individuals with allergies, as the sham cover can be removed and washed frequently to maintain hygiene without replacing the inner pillow insert.
Material and Construction Quality
Because shams share the same fabric as the rest of the bedding ensemble, the quality of the material is just as important as it is for sheets. High-quality shams will feature durable stitching and a fabric that feels soft to the touch. Cheaper alternatives might use lower-grade cotton that pills easily or lacks the crisp finish that gives a bed its luxurious appearance. Investing in well-constructed shams ensures your bed retains its shape and look wash after wash.
Styling and Layout Tips
Effectively styling shams can transform the look of an entire bedroom. Most experts recommend placing the largest pillows—the Euro shams—closest to the headboard, followed by the standard sleeping pillows in front. If you choose to use a sham for decoration, positioning it in the center or overlapping the others can add depth. The goal is to create a layered look that appears inviting and orderly, rather than cluttered and messy.
